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Journal articles on the topic 'Chlorine-35'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

David, Serge, Michel Gourdji, Lucien Guibé, and Alain Péneau. "Chlorine Substituted Acetic Acids and Salts. Effect of Salification on Chlorine-35 NQR." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 51, no. 5-6 (1996): 611–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1996-5-640.

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Abstract The NQR of a quadrupolar probe nucleus is often used to investigate the effect of substituent in molecules. The inductive effect, based on a partial charge migration along the molecular skeleton is the only one present in saturated aliphatics, the conjugative effect appearing in conjugated molecules, especially aromatics. As the stepwise charge migration mechanism, formerly used to explain the inductive effect, is now believed obsolete, we have wanted to reexamined the case of chlorine substituted acetic acids and salts. The data in literature was extended by observing reso-nances and

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2

Ishikawa, A., A. Sasane, Y. Mori, and D. Nakamura. "Chlorine-35 NQR Studies on [(NH4)0.01K0.09]SnCl6 Mixed Crystals." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 41, no. 1-2 (1986): 326–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1986-1-260.

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The temperature dependence of 35Cl NQR frequencies was measured on the mixed crystal [(NH4)0.01K0.99]2SnCl6. Two phase transitions have been located at Tc1 = 259K and Tc2 = 252K , which are lower by 3 K than the corresponding transition temperatures of the pure K2SnCl6 crystal. The DSC experiments showed that the NH4+ concentration dependence of Tc2 almost parallels that of Tc1. The impurity effect resulting from the inclusion of a small amount of NH4⊕ ions in K2SnCl6 crystals is discussed in relation to the microscopic viewpoint of the phase transitions.

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3

Heineking, N., and H. Dreizler. "Nuclear Quadrupole Hyperfine Structure in the Rotational Spectrum of 3-Chloropyridine. An Application of Microwave-Microwave Double Resonance Fourier Transform Spectroscopy." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 43, no. 7 (1988): 657–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1988-0708.

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AbstractWe redetermined the rotational and the chlorine-35 and nitrogen-14 nuclear quadrupole coupling constants of 3-chloropyridine. The values are A = 5839.5330(12) MHz, B = 1604.1875(6) MHz, and C = 1258.3121 (5) MHz for the rotational constants, and χaa(Cl) = - 72.255(19) MHz, χbb(Cl) = + 38.500(13) MHz, χcc(Cl) = + 33.755(23) MHz and χaa(N) = - 0.009(13) MHz, χbb(N) = - 3.473(10) MHz, χCC(N) = + 3.482(16) MHz for the chlorine-35 and nitrogen-14 nuclear quadrupole coupling constants, respectively.Application of double resonance modulation technique is shown to greatly simplify the assignm

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4

Heineking, N., M. Andolfatto, U. Keussen, A. Mues, and H. Dreizler. "Deuterium Quadrupole Coupling Constants in Deuterochloroacetylene." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 44, no. 8 (1989): 735–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1989-0809.

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Abstract The deuterium and chlorine nuclear quadrupole coupling constants have been determined for both of the chlorine isotopomers of deuterochloroacetylene (DCCC1), along with the rotational, centrifugal distortion, and chlorine spin-rotation coupling constants. The values are B = 5186.97631 (22) MHz, DJ= 1.13(2) kHz, eQq(Cl)= -79.7358(19) MHz, cI(Cl) = 1.10(31)kHz, and eQq(D) = 207.0(28)kHz for DCCCl-35, and B = 5084.17839(30) MHz, DJ = 0.99(2) kHz, eQq(Cl)= -62.8451(27) MHz, cI(CI) = 0.76(43) kHz, and eQq(D) = 205.8(39)kHz for DCCCl-37.

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5

Schaefer, Ted, and Rudy Sebastian. "Chlorine-37/chlorine-35 isotope effects on the proton NMR spectra of some chloromethane derivatives. Practical consequences." Journal of the American Chemical Society 109, no. 21 (1987): 6508–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00255a044.

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6

Felkey, K., D. L. Archer, R. M. Goodrich, K. R. Schneider, and J. A. Bartz. "Chlorine Disinfection of Tomato Surface Wounds Contaminated with Salmonella spp." HortTechnology 16, no. 2 (2006): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.16.2.0253.

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This study examined the efficacy of chlorine treatments of flume water for eliminating Salmonella spp. from inoculated wounds and intact surfaces of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum). Water in a scale-model flume was chlorinated to 150 mg·L-1 of free chlorine at pH 6.5 and maintained at a temperature of 25 or 35 °C, depending on the test. Viable Salmonella were recovered from all of the inoculation sites (intact fruit surface, punctures, shaves, and stem scars) even after treatment with chlorinated water for up to 120 seconds at either 25 or 35 °C. Generally, the highest Salmonella recovery c

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7

Watson, Simon A., Andy J. Edwards, and John A. Parkinson. "Standardless, Automated Determination of Chlorine-35 by 35Cl Nuclear Magnetic Resonance." Analytical Letters 50, no. 1 (2016): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2016.1172636.

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8

Miller, Allan G., James A. Franz, and John W. Macklin. "Chlorine-35 nuclear magnetic resonance study of aqueous sodium perchlorate association." Journal of Physical Chemistry 89, no. 7 (1985): 1190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100253a027.

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9

Rukmani, K., and J. Ramakrishna. "Chlorine-35 nuclear quadrupole resonance studies in 2,3- and 3,5-dichloroanisoles." Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 2 82, no. 3 (1986): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/f29868200291.

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10

Yohana, L., and D. A. Mashauri. "Potential Use of Water Guard as a Disinfectant for Domestic Water Use." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 31, no. 2 (2008): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v31i2.431.

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Water Guard which consists of 0.75% sodium hypochlorite (chlorine-based water disinfectant solution) has been identified as an alternative method for treatment of domestic drinking water. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Water Guard in disinfecting drinking water from different sources drawn from Kinondoni district, Dar es Salaam as well as to establish appropriate dosage that can be used during the treatment. Results showed that, a dose of 4.0mL per 20 litrer of water guard is sufficient for disinfectionof urban water sources. The above prescribed doses provide 10

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11

VELÁZQUEZ, LIDIA Del C., MARÍA E. ESCUDERO, MARÍA S. DiGENARO, YDA M. DeCORTÍNEZ, and ANA M. S. de GUZMÁN. "Survival of Aeromonas hydrophila in Fresh Tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum Mili) Stored at Different Temperatures and Treated with Chlorine." Journal of Food Protection 61, no. 4 (1998): 414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-61.4.414.

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This study examines the survival of two Aeromonas hydrophila strains (A. hydrophila ATCC 7965 [strain A] and A. hydrophila isolated from food [strain B]) on the surface and core tissue of fresh tomatoes stored at different temperatures and the efficacy of chlorine treatment on their survival. Counts of A. hydrophila on the surface of tomatoes stored at 25 and 35 °C were significantly higher between days 1 and 4 for both strains as compared to results obtained at 6°C. Core tissue counts of A. hydrophila cells on tomatoes dipped in a cellular suspension at 25°C and stored at 25°C were significan

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12

Park, No-suk, Suk-min Yoon, Sang-min Park, Mi-ae Yun, and Young-joo Lee. "Experimental Study on the Relationship Between the Change of Free available Chlorine and the Increase Rate of Disinfection by-products according to Operating Conditions of three Types of Sodium Hypochlorite." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 44, no. 12 (2022): 534–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2022.44.12.534.

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Objectives : This study was conducted to suggest field operating conditions that can minimize disinfection by-products for three types of sodium hypochlorite.Methods : In this study, changes in free available chlorine, chlorate and bromate were analyzed according to storage temperature, storage time and presence or absence of sunlight for three types of sodium hypochlorite(two types of bleach and one type of sodium hypochlorite made on-site hypochlorite generator).Results and Discussion : In the case of bleach with 12% free available chlorine, when operating with a target of 10% of more of fre

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13

Hu, J. Y., B. Yu, Y. Y. Feng, et al. "Investigation into biofilms in a local drinking water distribution system." Biofilms 2, no. 1 (2005): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479050505001614.

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Biofilm growth within a water distribution system could lead to operational problems such as pipe corrosion, water quality deterioration and other undesirable impacts in water distribution systems. With the high ambient temperatures experienced in Singapore, the operating environment in water distribution systems is expected to be more conducive to biofilm development. We have recently conducted a survey on biofilms potentially present in a local water distribution system.The survey results indicated that residual chlorine (±standard deviation) decreased from 1.49±0.61 mg/l (water plant outlet

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14

Kume, Yoshio, and Tetsuo Asaji. "Chlorine-35 NQR Study of a Structural Phase Transition in (ND4)2PdCl6." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 53, no. 6-7 (1998): 514–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1998-6-738.

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Abstract Temperature dependences of 35Cl NQR frequencies and spin-lattice relaxation times were measured at 4.2 to 400 K for natural and deuterated ammonium hexachloropalladate. It was confirmed that only the deuterated salt undergoes a first order phase transition at 30 K. The crystal structure of the low-temperature phase is predicted to be the same as that of the deuterated ammonium hexachloroplatinate and hexachloroplumbate. The mechanism of the deuteration-induced phase transition is discussed.

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15

Feshin, Valentin P., and Mikhail G. Voronkov. "The EFG Asymmetry Parameters at 35 Cl Nuclei and the Electronic Effects in Chlorine-Containing Organic and Complex Compounds of Group IVA and VA Elements." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 45, no. 3-4 (1990): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1990-3-404.

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Abstract The 35 CL NQR method and, in particular, the EFG asymmetry parameters at 35 Cl nuclei were used for the solution of a number of principal problems of theoretical organic and organometallic chemistry, such as the mechanism of non-induction influence of the heteroatom M on the atom Y in the non-linear Y-Z-M or Y-Z = M group, M-Cl bond multiplicity in planar molecular fragments and the asymmetry of halogen atom electron distribution in organic and organometallic molecules. In tetrahedral molecules this distribution is nearly axially symmetric for different M. This symmetry is also charac

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16

Widdifield, Cory M., and David L. Bryce. "A multinuclear solid-state magnetic resonance and GIPAW DFT study of anhydrous calcium chloride and its hydrates." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 89, no. 7 (2011): 754–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v11-009.

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The group 2 metal halides and corresponding metal halide hydrates serve as useful model systems for understanding the relationship between the electric field gradient (EFG) and chemical shift (CS) tensors at the halogen nuclei and the local molecular and electronic structure. Here, we present a 35/37Cl and 43Ca solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) study of CaCl2. The 35Cl nuclear quadrupole coupling constant, 8.82(8) MHz, and the isotropic chlorine CS, 105(8) ppm (with respect to dilute NaCl(aq)), are different from the values reported previously for this compound, as well as those r

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17

Zhang, Yongji, Jie Qiu, Xianfang Xu, and Lingling Zhou. "Disinfection Kinetics of Free Chlorine, Monochloramines and Chlorine Dioxide on Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterium Inactivation in Drinking Water." Water 13, no. 21 (2021): 3026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13213026.

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With the widespread use of chloramines disinfection, nitrification has become a problem that cannot be ignored. In order to control nitrification in the drinking water distribution system (DWDS), the inactivation effect of free chlorine, monochloramine and chlorine dioxide on ammonia-oxidizing bacterium (AOB) was studied under different temperature (8 °C, 26 °C and 35 °C) and pH (6.0, 7.0 and 8.7) conditions. The inactivation effect of Nitrosomonas europaea (a kind of AOB) by the three disinfectants increases with increasing temperature. As for the raised pH, the inactivation effect of free ch

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18

Remaud, Gerald, Gerard J. Martin, and Maryvonne L. Martin. "A method for estimating anionic reactivity of organic salts. Chlorine-35 nuclear relaxation." Journal of Physical Chemistry 89, no. 10 (1985): 2082–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100256a056.

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19

Abu-Shkara, F., I. Neeman, R. Sheinman, and R. Armon. "The effect of fatty acid alteration in coliform bacteria on disinfection resistance and/or adaptation." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 12 (1998): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0523.

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Natural waters are treated by various chemical and physical processes to improve their quality and to prevent disease spread. Among the last stages of water treatment is disinfection (the only treatment in Israel). This process is carried out by application of chlorine, chloramine or chlorine dioxide in order to inactivate bacteria, viruses and other single cell organisms found in water systems. Survival of some of these bacteria or microorganisms following disinfection is still a serious problem. Bacteria were isolated from disinfected water with residual free chlorine of nearly 1mg/L. The pr

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20

Sundberg, Martin, Anders Christiansson, Cecilia Lindahl, Lotten Wahlund, and Carol Birgersson. "Cleaning effectiveness of chlorine-free detergents for use on dairy farms." Journal of Dairy Research 78, no. 1 (2010): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029910000762.

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A method for evaluating cleaning effect based on Bacillus cereus spores was developed and tested in a model system designed to resemble actual farm conditions. A test rig with four removable sampling plates was mounted in a milk line. The plates were attached at the end of T-junctions protruding either 1·5 or 3-times the milk pipe diameter from the main loop to reflect different levels of cleaning difficulty. In each cleaning test, B. cereus spores were applied to the four sampling plates to simulate soil. A series of cleaning tests was conducted at 35, 45, 55 and 65°C with six commercial chlo

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21

Nogaj, Boleslaw. "Chlorine-35 NQR study of molecular motion of polycrystalline insecticide p,p'-DDT. 1. Modulation effects in temperature dependence of chlorine-35 NQR spin-lattice relaxation time in p,p'-DDT." Journal of Physical Chemistry 91, no. 5 (1987): 1236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100289a039.

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22

KOTULA, A. W., B. S. EMSWILER-ROSE, and D. V. CRAMER. "Subacute Study of Rats Fed Ground Beef Treated with Aqueous Chlorine — Anatomic Pathology." Journal of Food Protection 50, no. 7 (1987): 573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-50.7.573.

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This research evaluated the anatomic pathology of rats fed diets containing ground beef which had been treated with aqueous chlorine. The anatomic pathology of 240 rats fed 92 d with diets containing ground beef treated with 0, 50, 200 or 600 ppm chlorine was carried out according to National Institutes of Health bioassay pathology procedures. The major rat tissues were evaluated and the incidence of histopathological conditions was recorded. The inclusion of chlorine-treated meat in the diet was not associated with any increase in incidence of neoplastic lesions, inflammatory lesions or degen

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23

Gettins, Peter, and Leon W. Cunningham. "A unique pair of zinc binding sites in the human .alpha.2-macroglobulin tetramer. A chlorine-35 and chlorine-37 NMR study." Biochemistry 25, no. 18 (1986): 5004–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00366a006.

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24

Jelinek, Raz, Andreas Stein, and Geoffrey A. Ozin. "Bromine-81 and chlorine-35 NMR investigation of sodium,silver,halo-sodalite semiconductor supralattices." Journal of the American Chemical Society 115, no. 6 (1993): 2390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00059a038.

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25

Rohmah, Shofiyatur, and Lilis Sulistyorini. "Description of Shrimp Consumption Contains Chlorine to Gastrointestinal Health Effects among Sub Contract Workers in Company X." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 9, no. 1 (2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v9i1.2017.57-65.

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One type of chlorine that is commonly used in industry is sodium hypochlorite. Sodium hypochlorite is not included into one of permitted food additives because it can cause of health effects such as burns of the mouth and throat, gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. This research was purpose to analyze the description of shrimp consumption containing chlorine and gastrointestinal health effects in sub contract workers’s in Company X’s sub contract worker. This study was used cross sectional as design study with descriptive analysis. Sample was determined by using total

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26

BOURASSA, D. V., J. M. HOLMES, J. A. CASON, N. A. COX, L. L. RIGSBY, and R. J. BUHR. "Prevalence and Serogroup Diversity of Salmonella for Broiler Neck Skin, Whole Carcass Rinse, and Whole Carcass Enrichment Sampling Methodologies following Air or Immersion Chilling†." Journal of Food Protection 78, no. 11 (2015): 1938–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-189.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate neck skin (NS), whole carcass rinse (WCR), and whole carcass enrichment (WCE) sampling procedures for Salmonella isolation and serogroup identification from the same broiler chicken carcass treated with air or immersion chilling. Commercially processed and eviscerated broiler carcasses were collected from a commercial processing plant, individually bagged, and transported to the pilot processing plant. In experiment 1, carcasses were air chilled to 4°C. In experiment 2, carcasses were immersion chilled with or without chlorine. After air chilling, Salm

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27

Narbaitz, Roberto Martin, Tianguang Zhang, Grace Oluwatomisin Akerele, Majid Sartaj, and Jason Downey. "Impact of Long-Term Exposure to High Chlorine and to Low pH Solutions during Chlorine Regeneration of Ammonia-Loaded Zeolite." Minerals 13, no. 10 (2023): 1247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13101247.

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An earlier study has shown that chlorine solutions were capable of effectively regenerating an ammonium-loaded zeolite column; however, the chlorine concentrations were high (1000 mg Cl2/L), and for two hours of the regeneration cycle, the pH was approximately 3. This led to concerns regarding the long-term durability of the zeolite. The objective of this study is to investigate the durability of a zeolite by conducting long-term batch exposure tests using (a) high concentration chlorine solutions and (b) low pH solutions. Particle size analysis, SEM images, N2 gas adsorption tests, FTIR chara

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28

Llonch, Lourdes, Marçal Verdú, Sonia Marti, et al. "PSXIV-2 Effect of Drinking Water Disinfection Treatments on Water Quality, Water and Feed Consumption, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility and Health in Holstein Bulls fed High-Concentrate Diets." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (2022): 353–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.645.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different drinking water disinfection treatments on water quality, water and feed consumption, apparent total tract digestibility, and animal health in fattening Holstein bulls. Bulls (n=24; 176 ± 16.3 kg BW, and 149 ± 5.8 d age) were housed individually and fed ad libitum. Animals were assigned to 1 of 4 drinking water disinfection treatments: 1) CTR (n=6), no treatment; 2) ACCHL (n=6), acidification (0.65 mL/L phosphoric acid) and chlorination (0.15 mL/L sodium hypochlorite); 3) PER (n=6), 0.15 mL/L peroxide, and 4) DIO (n=6), 2.50

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29

Vu, Nam Hoai, and Hien Thi To. "INVESTIGATION ON WATER QUALITY IN PUBLIC POOLS IN HO CHI MINH CITY AND SUGGESTION OF MANAGEMENT MEASURES." Science and Technology Development Journal 14, no. 3 (2011): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v14i3.1969.

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The water quality survey was conducted from August 2009 to June 2010 in 84 swimming pools in the HCM city. The purpose of the survey was to investigate the current status of water quality at public pools and propose appropriate management methods. All swimming pool water samples were taken from Monday to Friday, of which 9 pools were more surveyed on the weekends, to analysis carefully for chlorine residual, pH, chloramine, temperature, and total Coliforms. Results showed that 100% pool violated in temperature and residual chlorine, 71-77% pool violated in pH indicators; 29-35% pool had chlora

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30

Lary, D. J. "Halogens and the chemistry of the free troposphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 4, no. 5 (2004): 5367–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-4-5367-2004.

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Abstract. The role of halogens in both the marine boundary layer and the stratosphere has long been recognized, while their role in the free troposphere is often not considered in global chemical models. However, a careful examination of free-tropospheric chemistry constrained by observations using a full chemical data assimilation system shows that halogens do play a significant role in the free troposphere. In particular, the chlorine initiation of methane oxidation in the free troposphere can contribute more than 10%, and in some regions up to 50%, of the total rate of initiation. The initi

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31

Lary, D. J. "Halogens and the chemistry of the free troposphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 5, no. 1 (2005): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-227-2005.

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Abstract. The role of halogens in both the marine boundary layer and the stratosphere has long been recognized, while their role in the free troposphere is often not considered in global chemical models. However, a careful examination of free-tropospheric chemistry constrained by observations using a full chemical data assimilation system shows that halogens do play a significant role in the free troposphere. In particular, the chlorine initiation of methane oxidation in the free troposphere can contribute more than 10%, and in some regions up to 50%, of the total rate of initiation. The initi

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32

Nogaj, Boleslaw. "Chlorine-35 NQR study of molecular motion of polycrystalline insecticide p,p'-DDT. 2. The influence of molecular vibrations and reorientation on the chlorine-35 NQR frequency and linewidth in p,p'-DDT." Journal of Physical Chemistry 91, no. 5 (1987): 1241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100289a040.

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33

Jones, A., J. Urban, D. P. Murtagh, et al. "Analysis of HCl and ClO time series in the upper stratosphere using satellite data sets." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 4 (2010): 8623–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-8623-2010.

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Abstract. Previous analyses of satellite and ground-based measurements of hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chlorine monoxide (ClO) have suggested that total inorganic chlorine in the upper stratosphere is on the decline. We create HCl and ClO time series using satellite data sets with the intension of extending them to beyond November 2008 so that an update can be made on the long term evolution of these two species. We use the HALogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) and the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) data for the HCl analysis, and the Odin Sub-Millimet

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34

Pesek, Joseph J., and John F. Schneider. "Detection of mercury coordination numbers greater than 2 for organomercurials using chlorine-35 magnetic resonance." Inorganic Chemistry 26, no. 18 (1987): 3064–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00265a027.

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35

Soifer, G. B., and S. N. Shurov. "Molecular structure of trichlorophosphazo compounds from ab initio calculation and chlorine-35 NQR spectroscopy data." Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 54, no. 9 (2009): 1440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036023609090162.

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36

Soifer, G. B. "Parameters of thermally activated motions in crystals according to the chlorine-35 NQR spectroscopy data." Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A 84, no. 6 (2010): 960–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036024410060130.

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37

Segel, S. L., S. Maxwell, R. D. Heyding, P. Ingman, E. Ylinen, and M. Punkkinen. "Temperature dependence of the chlorine 35 quadrupole interaction in ammonium perchlorate from 4K to 340K." Solid State Communications 66, no. 10 (1988): 1039–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(88)90318-3.

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38

Kirsch, Stefan, Mark Augath, David Seiffge, Lothar Schilling, and Lothar R. Schad. "In vivo chlorine-35, sodium-23 and proton magnetic resonance imaging of the rat brain." NMR in Biomedicine 23, no. 6 (2010): 592–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nbm.1500.

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39

STOPFORTH, J. D., T. MAI, B. KOTTAPALLI, and M. SAMADPOUR. "Effect of Acidified Sodium Chlorite, Chlorine, and Acidic Electrolyzed Water on Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes Inoculated onto Leafy Greens." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 3 (2008): 625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.3.625.

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Recent foodborne outbreaks implicating spinach and lettuce have increased consumer concerns regarding the safety of fresh produce. While the most common commercial antimicrobial intervention for fresh produce is wash water containing 50 to 200 ppm chlorine, this study compares the effectiveness of acidified sodium chlorite, chlorine, and acidic electrolyzed water for inactivating Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes inoculated onto leafy greens. Fresh mixed greens were left uninoculated or inoculated with approximately 6 log CFU/g of E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and

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40

Kazberova, Anfisa, Roman Solovov, and Verbina Orlichenia. "Phosphorylated Cotton Cellulose as a Matrix for Generating Chlorine Dioxide." Polymers 15, no. 4 (2023): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15040967.

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Currently, developing disinfectant materials is of utmost importance. A significant advantage of our fabric is its reusability. The disinfectants based on a natural polymer of cellulose have been barely investigated. Our work presents a modified cellulose material, and the data obtained for the first time on the chlorine dioxide generation process when treating the material with a sodium chlorite alcohol solution. A method of applying NaClO2 onto the fabric by impregnating it with a solution sprayed by an aerosol generator is proposed. This kind of fabric is capable of withstanding multiple us

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Power, K., B. Cooper, H. Watts, and L. A. Nagy. "Aftergrowths in Drinking Water Systems: An Australian Perspective." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 11-12 (1988): 437–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0319.

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Aftergrowths in drinking water distribution systems were investigated in Sydney Australia. The microbiological monitoring results, collected over a 2 year period were used to provide information on interactions between various parameters. Results indicated that microorganisms and total coliforms were usually absent in waters with total chlorine levels over 0.2 mg/L. Results also indicated inhibition between plate count organisms (at 20 and 35°C), and total coliforms, particularly once plate count levels exceeded 100 CFU/mL.

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Gourdji, M., L. Guibé, A. Péneau, J. Gallier, B. Toudic, and H. Cailleau. "NQR Investigation of the Temperature-Induced Neutral-to-Ionic Phase Transition in the Mixed-Stack Charge-Transfer Complex TTF-CA." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 47, no. 1-2 (1992): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1992-1-243.

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AbstractThe chlorine-35 NQR has been investigated in the mixed-stack charge-transfer complex tetrathiafluvalene- chloranil. The neutral-to-ionic (N-I) phase transition is clearly seen on the NQR spectrum. Among several features of the spectra recorded and their counterpart in the sample behaviour, the evidence for the change in the crystal symmetry and the quite likely existence of neutral domains in the ionic phase below the N - I transition temperature are the most striking ones.

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Wang, Yue, Xingbin Liu, Luxin Wang, et al. "Effects of Long-Term Application of Cl-Containing Fertilizers on Chloride Content and Acidification in Brown Soil." Sustainability 15, no. 11 (2023): 8801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15118801.

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Chloride is a necessary micronutrient for plant growth, and with long-term application of chlorine-containing fertilizer, significant amounts of Cl− are introduced into farmland ecosystems. Many recent studies have focused on chlorinated fertilizers’ effects on crop yield and quality, while few studies have examined their effects on soil properties. To determine the effects of the long-term application of chlorinated fertilizer on soil Cl− ions and soil acidification, we conducted a 35 year long-term study of chlorine-containing fertilizer in a peanut–corn rotation (since 1984). We chose three

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Seyyedi, Behnam. "Microwave and electrochemical assisted synthesis of chlorinated iron phthalocyanine nanoparticles." Pigment & Resin Technology 46, no. 2 (2017): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-10-2015-0098.

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Purpose The paper introduces a microwave and electrochemical-assisted method for synthesis of chlorine-derived iron phthalocyanine pigment and oxygen reduction reaction catalyst nanoparticles. The aims of this study are to investigate the possibility of nano-scale particle size (<35 nm), high-efficiency product reaction, remove acidic wastewater, time optimization and maximize number of chlorine on aromatic rings. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a combined synthesis technique, which does not have the problems of the conventional methods. Chlorinated iron phthalocyanine nanopa

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Vahala, R., V. A. Långvik, and R. Laukkanen. "Controlling Adsorbable Organic Halogens (AOX) and Trihalomethanes (THM) Formation by Ozonation and Two-Step Granule Activated Carbon (GAC) Filtration." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 9 (1999): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0488.

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A pilot plant study in four parallel filter runs was performed in order to determine the effect of ozonation and two-step granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration on the removal of disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors. The results showed that ozonation significantly decreased the adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) (35%), simulated distribution system (SDS) AOX (37%) and SDS trihalomethanes (THM) (76%) from chemically treated and sand-filtered lake water, but did not decrease either short-term or the long-term chlorine demand. Biofiltration with exhausted GAC had a minor importance in the

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Yang, Hong, and Li Li Ding. "The Response of Ruditapes philippinarum for Thermal Discharge." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.149.

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Experiment is applied in order to study the influence of thermal discharge to Ruditapes philippinarum. According to the result, if the water is 38.0, 40.0, 42.0 and 44.0°C, it die within 9.7,5.2,1.6 and 0.5 hours accordingly. Activity diminishes if the temperature of thermal shock is over 38.0°C, and the higher the temperature is, the higher the mortality will be. The average time of siphon retract is about 0.92 seconds when they live in 22.0°C,after the short-term thermal shock is over 35°C, the average time lasts more than 2 seconds. The 24 hours upper incipient lethal temperature(UILT50) to

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Burmistrov, K. S., B. V. Murashevych, M. V. Toropin, D. O. Stepanskyi, and V. V. Yarovyi. "Synthesis of polymeric sodium N-chlorosulphonamide with increased active chlorine content." Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, no. 6 (December 2024): 25–29. https://doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2024-157-6-25-29.

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Treatment of styrene-divinylbenzene sulfonated cation exchangers with a small amount of thionyl chloride prior to reaction with chlorosulfonic acid significantly facilitates the production of sulfochlorides from polymeric sulfonic acids and their salts. Polymeric sulfochlorides were synthesized by sequential treatment of gel and macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene cation exchangers in Na and H forms with thionyl chloride and chlorosulfonic acid. Transformation of these sulfochlorides into sulfamides via reaction with ammonia, followed by treatment with gaseous chlorine, yielded polymeric sodium

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EL-KEST, SOUZAN E., and ELMER H. MARTH. "Temperature, pH, and Strain of Pathogen as Factors Affecting Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes by Chlorine." Journal of Food Protection 51, no. 8 (1988): 622–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-51.8.622.

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Listeria monocytogenes strain Scott-A was treated with 1 ppm available chlorine at different temperatures and pH values. Different strains of L. monocytogenes (California, Scott-A and V7) were also exposed to 1 ppm available chlorine at pH 7 and 25°C. The initial population of L. monocytogenes was 1 × 108 to 3.2 × 108 CFU/ml of sodium hypochlorite solution. Survival of L. monocytogenes was measured by surface-plating (on tryptose agar) samples taken at intervals of 30 s to 1 h of exposure to hypochlorite solution. Larger numbers of L. monocytogenes strain Scott-A survived at 25 than at 35°C. T

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Vigneault, Clément, Jerry A. Bartz, and Steven A. Sargent. "Postharvest Decay Risk Associated with Hydrocooling Tomatoes." Plant Disease 84, no. 12 (2000): 1314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.12.1314.

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Tomatoes (breaker stage) hydrocooled with a cell suspension of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora containing 50 to 200 mg of free chlorine per liter (ppm) (10°C, pH 7) remained decay free during a 10-day storage at 20°C. Sporadic disease appeared during storage of tomatoes similarly cooled with chlorinated water containing spores of Rhizopus stolonifer. In contrast, when chlorine was omitted from the pathogen suspensions, 50 to 100% of the fruit became diseased. A laboratory-scale shower hydrocooler reduced fruit temperatures from 35 to 15°C within 13.3 min, whereas a flume cooler produced t

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Shachar-Hill, Yair, and Robert G. Shulman. "Cobalt(2+) as a shift reagent for chlorine-35 NMR of chloride with vesicles and cells." Biochemistry 31, no. 27 (1992): 6272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00142a015.

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