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Journal articles on the topic 'Chlorine attenuation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Naqvi, A. A., M. Maslehuddin, Khateeb ur-Rehman, and O. S. B. Al-Amoudi. "Chlorine signal attenuation in concrete." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 105 (November 2015): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.07.010.

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2

Coleman, Max L., Magali Ader, Swades Chaudhuri, and John D. Coates. "Microbial Isotopic Fractionation of Perchlorate Chlorine." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 8 (2003): 4997–5000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.8.4997-5000.2003.

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ABSTRACT Perchlorate contamination can be microbially respired to innocuous chloride and thus can be treated effectively. However, monitoring a bioremediative strategy is often difficult due to the complexities of environmental samples. Here we demonstrate that microbial respiration of perchlorate results in a significant fractionation (∼−15‰) of the chlorine stable isotope composition of perchlorate. This can be used to quantify the extent of biotic degradation and to separate biotic from abiotic attenuation of this contaminant.

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3

Aldhafiri, Sarah, Huda Mahmoud, Mohammed Al-Sarawi, and Wael A. Ismail. "Natural Attenuation Potential of Polychlorinated Biphenyl-Polluted Marine Sediments." Polish Journal of Microbiology 67, no. 1 (2018): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.6140.

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The marine environment in Kuwait is polluted with various hazardous chemicals of industrial origin. These include petroleum hydrocarbons, halogenated compounds and heavy metals. Bioremediation with dedicated microorganisms can be effectively applied for reclamation of the polluted marine sediments. However, information on the autochthonous microbes and their ecophysiology is largely lacking. We analyzed sediments from Shuwaikh harbor to detect polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). Then we adopted both culture-dependent and culture-independent (PCR-DGGE) appr

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4

Zhou, Jing Hai, Yu Xian Zhang, Xian Hong Meng, and Ying Liu. "Research on Residual Strength of Concrete under Fatigue Loading and Corrosion of Chloride." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 1369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.1369.

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In the actual project, many concrete structures not only suffer the loading of static force and the repeated loading but also affected by the corrosive effects of chemical substances in external environment, which makes concrete corrosion and damage become an unavoidable issue in engineering. The research on it at home and abroad is still in stage of theoretical exploration. This paper studied the attenuation of the residual strength of concrete under fatigue loading and corrosion of chloride, using self-designed experimental corrosion fatigue loading device. The results show that the corrosio

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5

Sturchio, N. C., J. L. Clausen, L. J. Heraty, L. Huang, B. D. Holt, and T. A. Abrajano. "Chlorine Isotope Investigation of Natural Attenuation of Trichloroethene in an Aerobic Aquifer." Environmental Science & Technology 32, no. 20 (1998): 3037–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9802605.

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6

Liu, Zhi, Yi-Li Lin, Tian-Yang Zhang, et al. "Enhanced formation of iodinated trihalomethanes in a mixed chlorine/chloramine system and attenuation by UV-activated process." Journal of Hazardous Materials 429 (May 2022): 128370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128370.

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7

Böhm, Stanislav, and Otto Exner. "Attenuation of the Substituent Effects Along the Aliphatic Chain." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 69, no. 5 (2004): 984–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20040984.

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Two series of model compounds were devised to follow the attenuation of substituent effects with an interposed methylene group: short-chain aliphatic compounds 1 and derivatives of bicyclo[2.2.2]octane 5. In all compounds, chlorine atom acts as substituent and charged oxygen atom as the functional group; the interaction of both is measured by the reaction energy of the isodesmic reaction calculated at the B3LYP/AUG-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) and/or B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) levels. Attenuation of the substituent inductive effect with the distance is less steep than observed previously in solution. I

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8

Hu, Ruigan, Fuyue Liu, Haoqi Qiu, et al. "High-Property Anode Catalyst Compositing Co-Based Perovskite and NiFe-Layered Double Hydroxide for Alkaline Seawater Splitting." Processes 10, no. 4 (2022): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10040668.

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The progress of high-efficiency non-precious metal anode catalysts for direct seawater splitting is of great importance. However, due to the slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics, competition of chlorine evolution reaction (ClER), and corrosion of chloride ions on the anode, the direct seawater splitting faces many challenges. Herein, we develop a perovskite@NiFe layered double hydroxide composite for anode catalyst based on Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3 (BSCF) and NiFe layered double hydroxide (NiFe-LDH) heterostructure. The optimized BSCF@CeO2@NiFe exhibits excellent OER activity, with the

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9

Pinto, Andréia Adelaide Gordinho, Mirian Y. Oliveira Nagai, Ednar Nascimento Coimbra, et al. "Mercury chloride toxicity attenuation of the Brine Shrimp Artemia Salina after treatment with Mercurius corrosivus as isotherapic." International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206 21, no. 2 (2022): 06. http://dx.doi.org/10.51910/ijhdr.v21i2.1211.

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 Isotherapics prepared from toxic substances have been described as attenuation factors for heavy metal intoxication in aquatic animals. Herein, Artemia salina and mercury chloride were used as a model to identify treatment-related bioresilience. The aim was to describe the effects of Mercurius corrosivus (MC) in different potencies on Artemia salina cyst hatching and on mercury bioavailability. Artemia salina cysts were exposed to 5.0 µg/mL of mercury chloride during the hatching phase. MC 6cH, 30cH, and 200cH were prepared and poured into artificial seawater. Different controls were us

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10

Brezhnev, Nikolay Yu, Andrey V. Kosyakov, Anastasia V. Steich, and Alexander Yu Zavrazhnov. "High-temperature spectrophotometry of indium chloride vapours as a method of study of the In – Se system." Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases 23, no. 4 (2021): 482–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2021.23/3667.

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The goals of this work are as follows: (а) searching for a method of study of the In – Se system taking into account the specified problems and difficulties, (b) choosing a way for the instrumental implementation of this method, and (c) obtaining experimental evidence that this method and its implementation are promising. The choice of the In – Se system is related to the fact that indium selenides, layered structures and semiconductor phases with stoichiometric vacancies, are promising from the point of view of materials science. This choice is also related to the use of binary precursors for

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11

Sturchio, Neil C., John Karl Böhlke, Abelardo D. Beloso,, Sheryl H. Streger, Linnea J. Heraty, and Paul B. Hatzinger. "Oxygen and Chlorine Isotopic Fractionation during Perchlorate Biodegradation: Laboratory Results and Implications for Forensics and Natural Attenuation Studies." Environmental Science & Technology 41, no. 8 (2007): 2796–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0621849.

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12

Tatarinov D. A., Sokolova A. V., Danilov D. V., and Litvin A. P. "Change of optical properties of inorganic perovskite nanocrystals of CsPbCl-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-Br-=SUB=-3-x-=/SUB=-, alloyed with Yb-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=- ions, when carrying out an anion exchange reaction." Optics and Spectroscopy 130, no. 8 (2022): 1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/eos.2022.08.54778.2772-22.

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Alloying of perovskites nanocrystals by lanthanoids makes it possible to produce materials that luminesce effectively in both visible and near infrared spectra. In the present work, the influence of the width of the forbidden zone on the optical properties of the inorganic perovskites nanocrystals CsPbClxBr3-x alloyed by ions Yb3+ is investigated. For changing the chemical composition of nanocrystals, an anionic exchange method is used by adding bromide dodecyltrimethylammonium. As a result of the gradual substitution of chlorine ions with bromine ions, the forbidden area of nanocrystals is na

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13

Teipel, Jan, Vera Gottstein, Eva Hölzle, Katja Kaltenbach, Dirk W. Lachenmeier, and Thomas Kuballa. "An Easy and Reliable Method for the Mitigation of Deuterated Chloroform Decomposition to Stabilise Susceptible NMR Samples." Chemistry 4, no. 3 (2022): 776–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemistry4030055.

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Highly reactive decomposition products of deuterated chloroform can deteriorate samples dissolved in this commonly used solvent for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Samples for metabolomics studies often contain a complex mixture of sensitive substances such as phospholipids, peptides, unsaturated fatty acids or vitamins. If these react with decomposition products (of chloroform), abnormal NMR spectra could result, e.g., signal shifts depending on pH, attenuation of signals over time due to chemical changes of analytes or new signals from reaction products. Such irreproducibly in

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14

Zhang, Yingna, Feng Dou, Yijia Zhou, et al. "Ternary Electrical Memory Devices Based on Polycarbazole: SnO2 Nanoparticles Composite Material." Polymers 14, no. 7 (2022): 1494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14071494.

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In this paper, a D–A polymer (PIB) containing carbazole as the donor group in the main chain and benzimidazole benzisoindolinone as the acceptor group was synthesized by Suzuki reaction. The Suzuki reaction, also known as the Suzuki coupling reaction, is a relatively new organic coupling reaction in which aryl or alkenyl boronic acids or boronic acid esters react with chlorine, bromine, iodoaromatic hydrocarbons or alkenes under the catalysis of zerovalent palladium complexes cross-coupling. A series of devices were fabricated by a spin-coating approach, and the devices all exhibited ternary r

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15

Minnich, Michael G., and R. S. Houk. "Comparison of cryogenic and membrane desolvation for attenuation of oxide, hydride and hydroxide ions and ions containing chlorine in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 13, no. 3 (1998): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a704274d.

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16

Braddock, Isabel H. B., Maya Al Sid Cheikh, Joydip Ghosh, et al. "Formamidinium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocomposite Scintillators." Nanomaterials 12, no. 13 (2022): 2141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12132141.

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While there is great demand for effective, affordable radiation detectors in various applications, many commonly used scintillators have major drawbacks. Conventional inorganic scintillators have a fixed emission wavelength and require expensive, high-temperature synthesis; plastic scintillators, while fast, inexpensive, and robust, have low atomic numbers, limiting their X-ray stopping power. Formamidinium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals show promise as scintillators due to their high X-ray attenuation coefficient and bright luminescence. Here, we used a room-temperature, solution-growth

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17

Idiri, Z., F. Redjem, and N. Beloudah. "Analysis of sewage sludge using an experimental prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (pgnaa) set-up with an am-be source." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 44 (January 2016): 1660215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194516602155.

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An experimental PGNAA set-up using a 1 Ci Am–Be source has been developed and used for analysis of bulk sewage sludge samples issued from a wastewater treatment plant situated in an industrial area of Algiers. The sample dimensions were optimized using thermal neutron flux calculations carried out with the MCNP5 Monte Carlo Code. A methodology is then proposed to perform quantitative analysis using the absolute method. For this, average thermal neutron flux inside the sludge samples is deduced using average thermal neutron flux in reference water samples and thermal flux measurements with the

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18

MOISIUK, Oleksandr, and Andrii SAMILA. "INVESTIGATION ABOUT ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD TOPOLOGY OF THE SPIRAL COIL FOR NQR DETECTOR OF EXPLOSIVE AND NARCOTIC SUBSTANCES." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 299, no. 4 (2021): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2021-299-4-101-107.

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Given the increased likelihood of dangerous situations in Ukraine and abroad related to the intensification and scale of terrorist acts, it is important not only to quickly locate and eliminate the terrible consequences, but also to prevent, including prevent destabilizing factors. That is why remote detection of explosives and drugs is relevant and promising in the direction of strengthening the fight against terrorism and increasing national security. A promising method for detecting the vast majority of explosives and narcotics that contain nitrogen (14N) or chlorine atoms (35Cl, 37Cl) is t

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19

Bender, Kelly S., Melissa R. Rice, William H. Fugate, John D. Coates, and Laurie A. Achenbach. "Metabolic Primers for Detection of (Per)chlorate-Reducing Bacteria in the Environment and Phylogenetic Analysis of cld Gene Sequences." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 9 (2004): 5651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.9.5651-5658.2004.

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ABSTRACT Natural attenuation of the environmental contaminant perchlorate is a cost-effective alternative to current removal methods. The success of natural perchlorate remediation is dependent on the presence and activity of dissimilatory (per)chlorate-reducing bacteria (DPRB) within a target site. To detect DPRB in the environment, two degenerate primer sets targeting the chlorite dismutase (cld) gene were developed and optimized. A nested PCR approach was used in conjunction with these primer sets to increase the sensitivity of the molecular detection method. Screening of environmental samp

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20

Qin, Ming Qiang, Wen Zhan, Wen Bing Xu, and Jin Hui Li. "Effect of Stone Powder Content on the Diffusing Parameter and Diffusion Attenuation Coefficient of Chloride Ion of Mechanical Sand Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 1818–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.1818.

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The effect of stone powder content on the chloride diffusion coefficient and diffusion attenuation coefficient of chloride ion of mechanical sand (MS) concrete was studied. The results showed that the resistance to chloride ion permeability of MS concrete firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of the content of stone powder. The anti-permeability of the concrete which had moderate amount of stone powder was better than that of the natural river sand (NS) concrete. The diffusion attenuation coefficient of MS concrete was greater than that of the NS concrete, which was good for l

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21

Ruhlmann, J., A. Hotze, H. J. Biersack, and A. Bockisch. "Beeinflussung der 201TI-SPECT des Myokards durch die Mamma-Absorption." Nuklearmedizin 28, no. 04 (1989): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1629486.

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The attenuation effect of the female breast on single-photon emission computed 201TI-chloride myocardial tomograms (SPECT) was quantitatively evaluated in a group of 20 women. SPECT was carried out with the left breast in the normal position and after its maximal upward displacement. The count rate gain was up to 30% when the breast was raised. 201TI-chloride myocardial SPECT often showed false lesions in the anterior wall which resulted from the attenuation of the gamma rays by the female breast. This factor is neglected in constructing the tomograms, and even if such artifacts are absent, th

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22

Mizzen, Lee, Anne Hilton, Steve Cheley, and Robert Anderson. "Attenuation of murine coronavirus infection by ammonium chloride." Virology 142, no. 2 (1985): 378–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6822(85)90345-9.

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23

Sato, T., and Y. Okamoto. "Density of Molten Terbium Chloride." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 58, no. 2-3 (2003): 183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2003-2-317.

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The density of molten terbium chloride at 993 to 1213 K, as measured by the γ -ray attenuation method, is found to be d = [3.937±0.028−(4.76±0.25) · 10−4T] g/cm3. The characteristic state parameters of molten TbCl3 are found to be 1129 K and 78.0 ml for T* and ν*, respectively.

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24

DiFranco, Marino, Alvaro Herrera, and Julio L. Vergara. "Chloride currents from the transverse tubular system in adult mammalian skeletal muscle fibers." Journal of General Physiology 137, no. 1 (2010): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201010496.

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Chloride fluxes are the main contributors to the resting conductance of mammalian skeletal muscle fibers. ClC-1, the most abundant chloride channel isoform in this preparation, is believed to be responsible for this conductance. However, the actual distribution of ClC-1 channels between the surface and transverse tubular system (TTS) membranes has not been assessed in intact muscle fibers. To investigate this issue, we voltageclamped enzymatically dissociated short fibers using a two-microelectrode configuration and simultaneously recorded chloride currents (ICl) and di-8-ANEPPS fluorescence s

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25

Venkatesan, G., та G. Swaminathan. "REVIEW OF CHLORIDE AND SULPHATE ATTENUATION IN GROUND WATER NEARBY SOLID‐WASTE LANDFILL SITES/CHLORIDŲ IR SULFATŲ MAŽINIMO POŽEMINIAME VANDENYJE ŠALIA SĄVARTYNŲ PROBLEMOS/УМЕНЬШЕНИE ХЛОРИДОВ И СУЛЬФАТОВ В ПОДЗЕМНЫХ ВОДАХ ВБЛИЗИ СВАЛОК". JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 17, № 1 (2009): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-6897.2009.17.ia-ig.

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26

D'Ambrosio, Daniela, Federico Zagni, Antonello E. Spinelli, and Mario Marengo. "Attenuation Correction for Small Animal PET Images: A Comparison of Two Methods." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/103476.

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In order to extract quantitative parameters from PET images, several physical effects such as photon attenuation, scatter, and partial volume must be taken into account. The main objectives of this work were the evaluation of photon attenuation in small animals and the implementation of two attenuation correction methods based on X-rays CT and segmentation of emission images. The accuracy of the first method with respect to the beam hardening effect was investigated by using Monte Carlo simulations. Mouse- and rat-sized phantoms were acquired in order to evaluate attenuation correction in term

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27

Chen, Zheng, Xi Bin Zhao, Yan Hua Yuan, Zhong Hua Wang, Lu Feng Yang, and Qiong Ming Jiang. "On the Time Dependency of the Chloride Diffusion in High Performance Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 721 (July 2013): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.721.148.

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The chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete is time dependent. The high performance concrete (HPC) was prepared and the specimens were tested by ASTM C1202 and the durability of HPC in long period is analyzed with the time dependency of diffusion in this paper. The results show that the chloride diffusion coefficients of the HPC with only fly ash are large than those of the HPC with multi-admixtures, but the attenuation of the chloride diffusion coefficients of the formers are faster than the latters. The analysis results show that the chloride concentrations in concrete is over estimated w

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28

Zhou, Xiangong, Xiaoyu Zhang, Gang Li, and Jialu Li. "Carbonation Characteristics and Bearing Capacity Attenuation of Loaded RC Beam Coupled with Chloride Erosion." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (July 15, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5365789.

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The durability of a concrete bridge structure is a systematic problem composed of material, structure, natural environment, and service environment. Various factors are coupled, which affect each other, and single-factor research cannot fundamentally solve this problem. In this paper, the carbonation characteristics of RC beams with different loading states under the coupling action of carbonation and chloride erosion are studied. Through the experiment, the author tries to find the influence of stress state and chloride ion erosion on the carbonation of concrete and analyze the failure mode a

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29

Nikeghbal, Kiana, Zahra Zamanian, Shoaleh Shahidi, Gianrico Spagnuolo, and Parisa Soltani. "Designing and Fabricating Nano-Structured and Micro-Structured Radiation Shields for Protection against CBCT Exposure." Materials 13, no. 19 (2020): 4371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13194371.

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Researchers have always been interested in finding new and effective materials for protection against radiation. This experimental study aimed to design and fabricate new types of nano-material and micro-material based shields against the ionizing effect of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) X-rays. To fabricate a flexible prototype, we added dioctyl phthalate (DOP) oil to emulsion polyvinyl chloride (PVC) powder. The paste was mixed and dispersed. Then, nano- and micro-powders of WO3 and Bi2O3 were added to the paste, with the weight ratio of 20% PVC, 20% DOP, and 60% nano- and micro-metals

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30

Fan, Tao, Yongchang Wu, Mingda Yang, et al. "Attenuation Law of Performance of Concrete Anti-Corrosion Coating under Long-Term Salt Corrosion." Coatings 14, no. 10 (2024): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings14101249.

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In saline soil areas, the concrete piers of concrete bridges experience long-term corrosion, mainly caused by chloride salts due to alternating temperature changes. Waterborne concrete coatings are prone to failure in this aggressive salt environment. Implementing coating protection measures can improve the durability of concrete and enhance the service life of bridges. However, the effectiveness and longevity of coatings need further research. In this paper, three types of waterborne concrete anti-corrosion coatings were applied to analyze the macro and micro surface morphology under wet–dry

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31

Igisheva, AL, EG Soboleva, and TB Krit. "Low-frequency ultrasound attenuation in sodium chlorate crystals." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 769 (November 2016): 012061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/769/1/012061.

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32

Krishnappa, Kruthika, Sankarshan B Mohan, Sangamesha M Ankanathappa та Krishnaveni Sannathammegowda. "Fabrication of cadmium chloride PVA polymer composite for γ-ray shielding". Radiation Protection Dosimetry 199, № 20 (2023): 2487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncad244.

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Abstract Reducing the effect of exposure to radiation in places such as radiation labs, nuclear reactors, radiotherapy facilities, industries involving radiation, etc., is essential for the health of radiation workers. In such cases materials having flexibility added with high attenuation coefficient of radiation is required for manufacturing wearables. Even though materials such as lead compounds, building materials, etc., have high attenuation coefficient, they are toxic and rigid, making them unsuitable for this purpose. In this regard, blending compounds with polymers would lead to flexibl

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33

Takenaka, T., M. Epstein, H. Forster, D. W. Landry, K. Iijima, and M. S. Goligorsky. "Attenuation of endothelin effects by a chloride channel inhibitor, indanyloxyacetic acid." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 262, no. 5 (1992): F799—F806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1992.262.5.f799.

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We have recently proposed that the actions of endothelin (ET) are in part mediated by opening of chloride channels (K. Iijima, L. Lin, A. Nasjletti, and M. S. Goligorsky. Am. J. Physiol. 260 (Cell Physiol. 29: C982-C992, 1991). In the present study the ability of a chloride channel inhibitor, an indanyloxyacetic acid (IAA-94), to block ET-induced effects was examined in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) by spectrofluorometry and direct videomicroscopic visualization of the renal microcirculation in isolated perfused hydronephrotic kidneys (IPHK). A fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-

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34

Salman, Husam, Dina S. Ahmed, Amir A. Hassan, et al. "INNOVATIVE METAL COMPLEXES AS PHOTOSTABILIZERS TO IMPROVE THE FUNCTIONAL LONGEVITY OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE." Chemical Problems 22, no. 2 (2024): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/2221-8688-2024-2-221-230.

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Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is involved in diverse applications that significantly influence our daily lives; it is industrially synthesized in various configurations in order to fulfill the target application. However, PVC is susceptible to photodegradation, yielding toxic byproducts detrimental to both the environment and human health, which diminishing its utility lifespan. Addressing this concern, current research explores the application of metal complexes as potential photostabilizers to mitigate PVC photodecomposition. The objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of form

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35

El-Khatib, Ahmed M., Yehia M. Abbas, Mohamed S. Badawi, Osama M. Hagag, and Mahmoud T. Alabsy. "Gamma radiation shielding properties of recycled polyvinyl chloride composites reinforced with micro/nano-structured PbO and CuO particles." Physica Scripta 96, no. 12 (2021): 125316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac35c3.

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Abstract In this work, the γ-ray shielding characteristics of fabricated recycled polyvinyl chloride (rPVC) loaded with micro and nano fillers of PbO and CuO composites were investigated. The PbO/rPVC and CuO/rPVC composites were prepared by changing the percentage of injected materials (PbO and CuO) between 10% and 40% with additions by 10%. Gamma-ray attenuation properties, such as mass attenuation coefficients, linear attenuation coefficients and half-value layer for PbO and CuO-supported polymers were obtained in the energy range between 59.5 and 1408.0 keV using narrow beam transmission g

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36

More, Chaitali, Pravina Pawar, Mohamed Badawi, and Abouzeid Thabet. "Extensive theoretical study of gamma-ray shielding parameters using epoxy resin-metal chloride mixtures." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 35, no. 2 (2020): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp2002138m.

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Gamma-ray detection and studying its interactions with matter is very important and serves in many fields of research. Besides, investigation of new shielding materials against gamma-ray will provide a lot of solutions for several problems accompanied by the presence of radiation sources in wide areas of applications, such as industry, medicine, agriculture, research laboratories, and nuclear power plants. In the present work, different gamma-ray attenuation parameters will be calculated theoretically using different metal chlorides mixed with epoxy resin polymers at different weight ratios. T

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Motekaitis, A. M., I. C. Solomon, and M. P. Kaufman. "Blockade of glutamate receptors in CVLM and NTS attenuates airway dilation evoked from parabrachial region." Journal of Applied Physiology 81, no. 1 (1996): 400–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1996.81.1.400.

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Previous work from our laboratory has shown that stimulation of cell bodies and dendrites in the medial and lateral parabrachial nuclei dilates the airways. The sites participating in the pathway mediating this airway response are not known. Two likely candidates are the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) and the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). Using chloralose-anesthetized cats, we assessed the airway dilation evoked from the parabrachial region before and during bilateral blockade of the NTS or the CVLM. The airway dilation arising from stimulation of the parabrachial region was evoked by

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Abebe, Worku, and Mahmood S. Mozaffari. "Taurine depletion alters vascular reactivity in rats." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 81, no. 9 (2003): 903–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y03-088.

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We recently showed that chronic taurine supplementation is associated with attenuation of contractile responses of rat aorta to norepinephrine and potassium chloride. However, the potential involvement of endogenous taurine in modulation of vascular reactivity is not known. Therefore, we examined the effect of β-alanine-induced taurine depletion on the in vitro reactivity of rat aorta to selected vasoactive agents. The data indicate that both norepinephrine- and potassium-chloride-induced maximum contractile responses of endothelium-denuded aortae were enhanced in taurine-depleted rats compare

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Watanabe, Aya, Toshihiro Ichiki, Chikahiro Sankoda, et al. "Suppression of abdominal aortic aneurysm formation by inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase domain protein through attenuation of inflammation and extracellular matrix disruption." Clinical Science 126, no. 9 (2014): 671–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20130435.

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Gu, Lifeng, Guowen Yao, Xuanrui Yu, and Qiaoyi Li. "Study on the Durability of the T-Beam Based on Chloride Ion Erosion." Materials 13, no. 7 (2020): 1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13071504.

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Based on analyzing the bearing capacity of existing T-beam bridges in service, the factors that affect the T-beams cracked by chloride ions mainly include the width and the depth of cracks. Combined with practical engineering examples, a single-piece T-beam model is established to explore the influence of factors such as crack width and crack depth on the T-beams affected by chloride ion erosion through numerical simulation in this paper. In addition, the attenuation models of bending capacity and shear capacity of the T-beam are obtained to analyze the possible failure modes of T-beams with c

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Rabin, Bernard M., Walter A. Hunt, and Jack Lee. "Attenuation and cross-attenuation in taste aversion learning in the rat: Studies with ionizing radiation, lithium chloride and ethanol." Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 31, no. 4 (1988): 909–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(88)90404-2.

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Pirozerskiĭ, A. L., E. V. Charnaya, M. I. Vasil’ev, and E. L. Lebedeva. "Temperature features of ultrasonic attenuation in photochromic glasses with copper chloride nanocrystals." Acoustical Physics 54, no. 5 (2008): 647–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063771008050084.

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Freedman, D. L., A. S. Danko, and M. F. Verce. "Substrate interactions during aerobic biodegradation of methane, ethene, vinyl chloride and 1,2-dichloroethenes." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 5 (2001): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0320.

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Intrinsic biodegradation of trichloroethene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane in groundwater at a Superfund site in California has been observed. An anaerobic zone exists in the area closest to the source location, yielding the expected complement of reductive dechlorination daughter products, including cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC). Significant levels of methane and ethene were also generated in the anaerobic zone. The groundwater returns to aerobic conditions downgradient of the source, with methane, ethene, VC, and several other compounds still present. Attenuation of VC

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Yaghi, A., J. T. Hamilton, and N. A. M. Paterson. "Influence of platelet-activating factor on leukotriene D4-induced contractions of the guinea pig parenchymal strip." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 67, no. 4 (1989): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y89-051.

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Platelet-activating factor (PAF) and sulphidopeptide leukotrienes, such as leukotriene D4 (LTD4), are potent constrictors that are probably released simultaneously in a variety of inflammatory respiratory events. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether LTD4-induced contractions of guinea pig parenchymal lung strips (GPPS) are modified in the presence of PAF. The contractile responses of isolated GPPS to cumulative doses of LTD4, acetylcholine, histamine, and potassium chloride in the presence of PAF (0.1 nM, 0.1 μM) were compared with parallel controls. There was no significa

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Fan, Zhihong, Dagen Su, Zhijie Zhang, et al. "Transfer Parameter Analysis of Chloride Ingress into Concrete Based on Long-Term Exposure Tests in China’s Coastal Region." Materials 15, no. 23 (2022): 8517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15238517.

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Chloride penetration resistance is one of the most important performance measures for the evaluation of the durability of concrete under a chloride environment. Due to differences in theory and experimental conditions, the durability index (chloride diffusion coefficient) obtained from laboratory accelerated migration tests cannot reflect the real process of chloride ingress into concrete in the natural environment. The difference in test methods must be considered and the transfer parameter kt should be introduced into the service life prediction model when the test results of accelerated met

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Muralidharan, P., and C. Swetha. "Ameliorative Effect of Grape Seed Oil on Aluminium Chloride Induced Neurotoxicity on Rats." Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 14, no. 2 (2023): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i2310.

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Aims: Neurodegenerative disorder is characterized by progressive loss of structure and function of neurons. Exposure to aluminum causes neurodegenerative disorders like dementia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study was designed to examine the ameliorative effect of grape seed oil extraction aluminium chloride induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats. Methodology: Wistar rats were administered with aluminium chloride (175 mg/kg. p.o.) for 28 days to generate neurotoxicity model. Attenuation effect of grape seed oil against aluminium chloride toxicity by oral administration adjunct

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Riess, Matthias L., Janis T. Eells, Leo G. Kevin, Amadou K. S. Camara, Michele M. Henry, and David F. Stowe. "Attenuation of Mitochondrial Respiration by Sevoflurane in Isolated Cardiac Mitochondria Is Mediated in Part by Reactive Oxygen Species." Anesthesiology 100, no. 3 (2004): 498–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200403000-00007.

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Background Anesthetic preconditioning protects against cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. Increases in reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and reactive oxygen species during sevoflurane exposure suggest attenuated mitochondrial electron transport as a trigger of anesthetic preconditioning. The authors investigated the effects of sevoflurane on respiration in isolated cardiac mitochondria. Methods Mitochondria were isolated from fresh guinea pig hearts, and mitochondrial oxygen consumption was measured in the presence of complex I (pyruvate) or complex II (succinate) substrates. The mit

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Abdul-Majid, Samir, and Fadel Othman. "Neutron Attenuation Characteristics of Polyethylene, Polyvinyl Chloride, and Heavy Aggregate Concrete and Mortars." Health Physics 66, no. 3 (1994): 327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-199403000-00014.

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Teli, M. T., L. M. Chaudhari та S. S. Malode. "Attenuation coefficients of 123 keV γ-radiation by dilute solutions of sodium chloride". Applied Radiation and Isotopes 45, № 10 (1994): 987–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0969-8043(94)90166-x.

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Tan, Yong, Cheng Gang Hao, De Zhi Li, Zhi Liu Hu, and Jian Min Zeng. "Investigation on the Corrosion Behavior of Zn₂₇Al₃Cu Alloy in 3.5 wt.% NaCl Solution." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 537–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.537.

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The corrosion behavior of Zn27Al3Cu in 3.5 Wt.% NaCl solution is investigated through weight loss method. The morphology of corrosion products were observed and analyzed with optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The experimental results indicate that weight loss of the alloy with time follows the exponential attenuation relationship. Corrosion mechanism of Zn27Al3Cu alloy are intergranular corrosion and preferential corrosion in 3.5 Wt.% NaCl solution, the main corrosion products are compound oxide and chloride.

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