Academic literature on the topic 'Chloro Position'

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Journal articles on the topic "Chloro Position"

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A., RAMESH, SYAMA SUNDAR B., and S. RADHAKRISHNA MURTI P. "Kinetics of Substitution of 2,4,6-Trichlorofyrimidine Enhanced Reactivity of 2-Chloro Position." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 72, Jun 1995 (1995): 413–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5905003.

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Department of Chemistry, Nagarjuna University, Nagarjunanagar-522 510 <em>Manuscript received 24 August 1993, accepted 14 December 1993</em> Kinetics of Substitution of 2,4,6-Trichlorofyrimidine Enhanced Reactivity of 2-Chloro Position
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Rajam, Ammaiyappan, Packianathan Thomas Muthiah, Raymond John Butcher, Jerry P. Jasinski, and Jan Wikaira. "Design of two series of 1:1 cocrystals involving 4-amino-5-chloro-2,6-dimethylpyrimidine and carboxylic acids." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 74, no. 9 (2018): 1007–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229618009154.

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Two series of a total of ten cocrystals involving 4-amino-5-chloro-2,6-dimethylpyrimidine with various carboxylic acids have been prepared and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The pyrimidine unit used for the cocrystals offers two ring N atoms (positions N1 and N3) as proton-accepting sites. Depending upon the site of protonation, two types of cations are possible [Rajam et al. (2017). Acta Cryst. C73, 862–868]. In a parallel arrangement, two series of cocrystals are possible depending upon the hydrogen bonding of the carboxyl group with position N1 or N3. In one series of cocrystals, i.e. 4-amino-5-chloro-2,6-dimethylpyrimidine–3-bromothiophene-2-carboxylic acid (1/1), 1, 4-amino-5-chloro-2,6-dimethylpyrimidine–5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid (1/1), 2, 4-amino-5-chloro-2,6-dimethylpyrimidine–2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid (1/1), 3, and 4-amino-5-chloro-2,6-dimethylpyrimidine–2-aminobenzoic acid (1/1), 4, the carboxyl hydroxy group (–OH) is hydrogen bonded to position N1 (O—H...N1) of the corresponding pyrimidine unit (single point supramolecular synthon). The inversion-related stacked pyrimidines are doubly bridged by the carboxyl groups via N—H...O and O—H...N hydrogen bonds to form a large cage-like tetrameric unit with an R 4 2(20) graph-set ring motif. These tetrameric units are further connected via base pairing through a pair of N—H...N hydrogen bonds, generating R 2 2(8) motifs (supramolecular homosynthon). In the other series of cocrystals, i.e. 4-amino-5-chloro-2,6-dimethylpyrimidine–5-methylthiophene-2-carboxylic acid (1/1), 5, 4-amino-5-chloro-2,6-dimethylpyrimidine–benzoic acid (1/1), 6, 4-amino-5-chloro-2,6-dimethylpyrimidine–2-methylbenzoic acid (1/1), 7, 4-amino-5-chloro-2,6-dimethylpyrimidine–3-methylbenzoic acid (1/1), 8, 4-amino-5-chloro-2,6-dimethylpyrimidine–4-methylbenzoic acid (1/1), 9, and 4-amino-5-chloro-2,6-dimethylpyrimidine–4-aminobenzoic acid (1/1), 10, the carboxyl group interacts with position N3 and the adjacent 4-amino group of the corresponding pyrimidine ring via O—H...N and N—H...O hydrogen bonds to generate the robust R 2 2(8) supramolecular heterosynthon. These heterosynthons are further connected by N—H...N hydrogen-bond interactions in a linear fashion to form a chain-like arrangement. In cocrystal 1, a Br...Br halogen bond is present, in cocrystals 2 and 3, Cl...Cl halogen bonds are present, and in cocrystals 5, 6 and 7, Cl...O halogen bonds are present. In all of the ten cocrystals, π–π stacking interactions are observed.
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Hayashi, Norihiro, Yoshihiro Nakata, and Akira Yazaki. "New Findings on the Structure-Phototoxicity Relationship and Photostability of Fluoroquinolones with Various Substituents at Position 1." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, no. 3 (2004): 799–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.3.799-803.2004.

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ABSTRACT The present study examined the phototoxicities of a series of 7-(3-aminopyrrolidinyl) quinolones containing various substituents at position 1 (in which the substituent at R8 is a hydrogen or a halogen) by use of a mouse model. For the 7-(3-aminopyrrolidinyl) quinolones with a halogen atom at position 8, well-known substituent groups such as a cyclopropyl, an ethyl, or a difluorophenyl at position 1 were found to be responsible for severe phototoxicity. However, when an aminodifluorophenyl or an isoxazolyl group was placed at position 1, even 8-halogeno quinolones were found to be mildly phototoxic. This is the first report of 8-halogeno quinolones that are not severely phototoxic. Two structurally similar 8-chloro quinolones (the 1-aminodifluorophenyl 8-chloro quinolone and the 1-difluorophenyl 8-chloro quinolone) were investigated further. The former was mildly phototoxic; the latter was severely phototoxic. We demonstrate that these two 8-chloro quinolones have practically the same areas under the concentration-time curves from 0 to 4 h in auricular tissue, suggesting that the mild phototoxicity is not due to pharmacokinetic instability. The rates of UV photodegradation of these compounds were also measured. We found that these two quinolones photodegrade at similar rates, suggesting that the mild phototoxicity is not attained through increased photostability. In conclusion, the phototoxic potentials of fluoroquinolones are influenced not only by the substituent at position 8 but also by that at position 1 (a new finding from this study). We also discovered a mildly phototoxic 8-chloro quinolone which did not have increased photostability.
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Cherubim, P., and LW Deady. "Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions in Benzo[C][1,8]naphthyridines. II." Australian Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 8 (1990): 1469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9901469.

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3-Chloro-1-methyl-6-(p- methylphenoxy ) benzo [c][1,8] naphthyridine has been prepared, the reactions with various nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur nucleophiles studied, and the results compared with those for the 1- chloro-3-methyl isomer. The 6-position was more reactive for oxygen and nitrogen nucleophiles, so much so that an initially added 6-NHR group was displaced by a second R′NH2 nucleophile at least as readily as was the 3-chloro group. With p- chloro ( thiophenol ), however, the 3-chloro group was preferentially displaced.
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Deady, LW, and DM Werden. "Nucleophilic-Substitution Reactions in Benzo[C][1,8]Naphthyridines." Australian Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 4 (1986): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9860667.

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The reactions of 1-chloro-3-methyl-6-(p- methylphenoxy ) benzo [c][1,8] naphthyridine with a variety of nucleophiles are reported. The relative reactivity of the 1- and 6-positions depends on the nucleophile and reaction conditions. Anilines, and alkyl and aryl thioxides react at position 1, alkylamines and alkoxide at position 6, and acidified alcohol at both 1 and 6. Some possible reasons for these positional reactivities are discussed.
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Birzan, Liviu, Mihaela Cristea, Constantin Draghici, Victorita Tecuceanu, Maria Maganu, and Alexandru C. Razus. "4-(azulen-1-yl)-2,6-diphenylchalcogenopyrylium Perchlorates; Synthesis and Characterization." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 6 (2020): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.6.8174.

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2,6-Diphenyl substituted thio- and seleno-pyrylium salts with azulen-1-yl moieties in 4-position were prepared from phenylacetylene going through chalcogenopyrones and 4-chloro-chalcogenopyrylium salts as intermediates. The final step of synthesis involves the electrophile substitution in 1-position of azulenes with the obtained chloro-derivatives and the products isolation as stable perchlorates. The electronic and magnetic spectra of products are presented and compared with those of the corresponding pyrylium salts.
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Bzowska, A., Z. Kazimierczuk, and F. Seela. "7-Deazapurine 2'-deoxyribofuranosides are noncleavable competitive inhibitors of Escherichia coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP)." Acta Biochimica Polonica 45, no. 3 (1998): 755–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.1998_4269.

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A series of 7-deazapurine 2'-deoxyribofuranosides were synthesized according to already known procedures and their substrate and inhibitor properties with purified E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase were examined. In agreement with previous findings, substrate activity was not detected for any of the compounds tested. Most of the nucleosides showed weak inhibition in the preliminary screening, i.e. at a concentration of about 100 microM. However some combinations of 6-chloro, 6-amino or 6-methoxy substituents with bulky hydrophobic groups at position 7 of the base and/or chloro, amino, methoxy or methylthio group at position 2 markedly enhanced affinity of such modified nucleosides for the E. coli enzyme. The most potent inhibition was observed for two nucleosides: 6-chloro- and 2-amino-6-chloro-7-deazapurine 2'-deoxyribofuranosides that show inhibition constants Ki = 2.4 and 2.3 microM, respectively. Several other compounds were also found to be good inhibitors, with inhibition constants in the range 5-50 microM. In all instances the inhibition was competitive vs. the nucleoside substrate 7-methylguanosine. Inhibition constants for 7-deazapurine nucleosides are in general several-fold lower than those observed for their purine counterparts. Therefore 7-deaza modification together with substitutions at positions 2, 6 and 7 of the base is a very promising approach to obtain competitive noncleavable inhibitors of E. coli PNP that may bind to the enzyme with inhibition constants in the microM range.
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Hfaiedh, Anoir, Hamed Ben Ammar, Jean-François Soulé, and Henri Doucet. "Palladium-catalyzed regioselective C–H bond arylations at the C3 position of ortho-substituted fluorobenzenes." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 15, no. 35 (2017): 7447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ob01689a.

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We report herein the palladium-catalyzed C–H bond arylation of fluorobenzene derivatives at the ortho-position to the fluorine atom. Bromo, chloro or methoxy substituents at the fluorobenzenyl ortho-position can be used to increase the reactivity of the C–H bond at the C3 position.
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Matsunami, Asuka, Shigeki Kuwata, and Yoshihito Kayaki. "Regioselective Transfer Hydrogenative Defluorination of Polyfluoroarenes Catalyzed by Bifunctional Azairidacycle." Organics 3, no. 3 (2022): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/org3030012.

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The catalytic hydrodefluorination (HDF) with a bifunctional azairidacycle using HCOOK was examined for cyano- and chloro-substituted fluoroarenes, including penta- and tetrafluorobenzonitriles, tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile, tetrafluorophthalonitrile, 3-chloro-2,4,5,6-tetrafluoropyridine, and 4-cyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoropyridine. The reaction was performed in the presence of a controlled amount of HCOOK with a substrate/catalyst ratio (S/C) of 100 in a 1:1 mixture of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) and H2O at an ambient temperature of 30 °C to obtain partially fluorinated compounds with satisfactory regioselectivities. The C–F bond cleavage proceeded favorably at the para position of substituents other than fluorine, which is in consonance with the nucleophilic aromatic substitution mechanism. In the HDF of tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile and 4-cyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoropyridine, which do not contain a fluorine atom at the para position of the cyano group, the double defluorination occurred solely at the 2- and 5-positions, as confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The HDF of 3-chloro-2,4,5,6-tetrafluoropyridine gave preference to the C–F bond cleavage over the C–Cl bond cleavage, unlike the dehalogenation pathway via electron-transfer radical anion fragmentation. In addition, new azairidacycles with an electron-donating methoxy substituent on the C–N chelating ligand were synthesized and served as a catalyst precursor (0.2 mol%) for the transfer hydrogenative defluorination of pentafluoropyridine, leading to 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoropyridine with up to a turnover number (TON) of 418.
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Pham, Em Canh, Tuong Vi Thi Le, and Tuyen Ngoc Truong. "Design, synthesis, bio-evaluation, and in silico studies of some N-substituted 6-(chloro/nitro)-1H-benzimidazole derivatives as antimicrobial and anticancer agents." RSC Advances 12, no. 33 (2022): 21621–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra03491c.

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The purpose of this study is to synthesize novel N-substituted 6-(chloro/nitro)-1H-benzimidazole derivatives with various substituted aryl groups at position 2 and alkylation at position 1, and evaluate their antimicrobial and anticancer activities.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chloro Position"

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Gauduchon, Emmanuelle. "Fonctionnalisation régiosélective en position 4 ou 5 ducycle 1,2,3-thiadiazole et applications." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2333.

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Dans la premiere partie de ce travail, nous avons rationalise la preparation de matieres premieres 1,2,3-thiadiazoliques monofonctionnalisees en position 4 ou 5. Nous avons ainsi obtenu des esters, acides, derives d'acide et amines qui nous ont permis de realiser la synthese deux series d'amides n-substitues (n-arylthiadiazolylcarboxamides et n-thiadiazolylbenzamides) et une serie d'aldimines conjuguees (n-thiadiazolylbenzaldimines). Dans la seconde partie, nous avons prepare trois carbures 1,2,3-thiadiazoliques et transforme les amines primaires 1,2,3-thiadiazoliques en derives halogenes. Nous avons ensuite mis au point la preparation des 5-magnesio-1,2,3-thiadiazoles et des 4-magnesio-1,2,3-thiadiazoles ; grace a l'action de ces reactifs sur les derives carbonyles, nous avons pu introduire selectivement sur la structure une fonction alcool secondaire (huit exemples) ou une fonction alcool tertiaire (quatre exemples), soit en position 5, soit en position 4. Enfin, les tests biologiques standard effectues par les services agrochimiques de novartis sur trente-cinq de nos produits ont permis de constater que plusieurs d'entre eux montrent une activite fongicide et/ou herbicide notable, suffisamment prononcee pour justifier des developpements ulterieurs.
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Books on the topic "Chloro Position"

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Armstrong, Joshua. Maps and Territories. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786942012.001.0001.

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The rapidity of postwar globalization and the structural changes it has brought to both social and spatial aspects of everyday life have meant, in France as elsewhere, the destabilizing of senses of place, identity, and belonging, as once familiar, local environments are increasingly de-localized and made porous to global trends and planetary preoccupations. Maps and Territories identifies such preoccupations as a fundamental underlying impetus for the contemporary French novel. Indeed, like France itself, the protagonists of its best fiction are constantly called upon to renegotiate their identity in order to maintain any sense of belonging within the troubled territories they call home. Maps and Territories reads today’s French novel for how it re-maps such territories, and for how it positions its protagonists vis-à-vis the spatial crisis of globalized capitalism. It uncovers previously unseen affinities amongst—and offers original perspectives on—a diverse set of authors: namely, Michel Houellebecq, Chloé Delaume, Lydie Salvayre, Jean-Philippe Toussaint, Virginie Despentes, Philippe Vasset, Jean Rolin, and Marie Darrieussecq. In the process, it sets the literary works into dialogue with a range of influential theorists of postmodernity and globalization, including Paul Virilio, Marc Augé, Peter Sloterdijk, Bruno Latour, Fredric Jameson, Edward Casey, David Harvey, and Ursula K. Heise.
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Book chapters on the topic "Chloro Position"

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Herrmann, Reinhold g. "Photosynthesis research: aspects and perspectives." In Molecular Genetics of Photosynthesis. Oxford University PressOxford, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199634484.003.0001.

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Abstract Biological photosynthesis, that is, the conversion of solar energy into high-energy chemical metabolites (ATP, NADPH, and carbohydrates), is globally the most fundamental biochemical process. It provides energy, organic matter, and oxygen for nearly all biotic processes, and it is the only renewable energy source of our planet. Life in its present form depends on it. The conversion of solar to chemical energy, which in oxygenic photosynthesis is accompanied by the evolution of molecular oxygen, is catalysed by thylakoid membranes that are found in prokaryotic cells and in the photosynthetic organelles (chloro-, rhodo-, phaeoplasts, etc.) of eukaryotic cells. Because of the capability of that energy conversion, thylakoid membranes occupy a unique position among biomembranes. Additional aspects of photosynthetic energy metabolism appeared with the advent of, and the concomitant division of labour in, multicellular eukaryotes. The tissues of the complex cellular societies of thallophytes, bryophytes, and vascular plants, each assigned a limited range of functions essential to the healthy operation of the community, are involved in fundamental biological processes intimately related to photosynthesis, such as carbohydrate transport, or carbohydrate and lipid storage. Various photosynthetic specialists appeared at this level. Many of these advanced processes operate with distinct plastid variants, e.g. bundle sheath chloroplasts, amyloplasts, or elaioplasts.
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A. Elrashedy, Ahmed. "Targeting Inhibitor of Enterococcus faecalis: Insights from Comparative Molecular Dynamics and Binding Free Energy Analyses." In Infectious Diseases. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.114329.

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For the past 50 years, antibiotics that target DNA gyrase have proven to be clinically successful. As a result, the search for novel gyrase inhibitors has intensified due to the rise in bacterial resistance. Since it is absent in eukaryotes yet essential in all bacteria, anti-bacterials target it aggressively. Although quinolones are a clinically approved medication, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are developing resistance to them, which compromises their therapeutic efficacy. Thus, it is vital to identify novel compounds that can efficiently inhibit DNA gyrase. A recent experimental study shows that the R-enantiomer of compound 1 was likely to be a more favourable stereoisomer than the R-enantiomer in inhibiting the function of DNA gyrase. However, the molecular mechanisms of its selectivity and inhibition remain elusive. To gain insight into the observed inhibitory effect, molecular dynamics simulations have been employed to investigate the inhibitory mechanism as well as selectivity effect. MD simulation revealed that R-enantiomer selectively targeted the ATP-binding pocket residues, with the 2,4 di chloro carbazole ring’s group interacting into the small hydrophobic pocket provided by Asp 25, arg 26, Ile 182, Val 233, Arg 284, and Ala 286 in DNA gyrase. Finding the residues in the catalytic-binding site may pave the way for the development of a new structure-based inhibitor of highly selective DNA gyrase for the treatment of Enterococcus faecalis infection.
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RENAUDEAU, Claude. "Les préparatifs industriels et tactiques allemands." In Médecine et Armées Vol. 45 No.1. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.7448.

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L’Empire allemand proclamé par le chancelier Bismarck le 18 janvier 1871 et placé sous l’autorité du roi de Prusse a connu un essor démographique ainsi qu’une prospérité économique, militaire, scientifique et technique. De ce fait, il devint sous Guillaume II, dans les années 1910, la première puissance économique et militaire européenne, dotée de grandes industries comme KRUPP, SIEMENS ainsi qu’AGFA, BAYER et BASF pour la chimie. Au plan tactique, l’objectif de l’Allemagne est de disposer d’une armée suffisamment puissante capable de vaincre rapidement la France avant de s’attaquer ensuite à la Russie. Pour cela, une guerre de mouvement fut décidée par le commandement Allemand en 1914. La tactique consistait à contenir les troupes françaises sur le front est et de les contourner par le front ouest en passant par le Luxembourg et la Belgique de façon à les encercler. Mais face à la résistance adverse, cette guerre de mouvement céda rapidement la place à une guerre de positions qui s’installa dans la durée. Le commandement chercha alors un moyen de sortir l’armée de cette situation. Il s’intéressa aux sous-produits de l’industrie des colorants, notamment le chlore et le phosgène. Le chimiste Fritz Haber essaya de militariser ces composés afin de les utiliser à grande échelle dans l’espoir que l’Allemagne puisse rapidement triompher.
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Gott, Michael. "Drawing Outside the Lines." In Quebec Cinema in the 21st Century. Liverpool University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781802074765.003.0002.

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This chapter focuses on the porous and shifting borders of contemporary Quebec filmmaking through the example of six recent films, several of which are directed by women, immigrant, and Indigenous filmmakers, and many of which feature a diverse cast of characters who speak a number of languages besides French. These are Uvanga (Marie-Hélène Cousineau and Madeline Ivalu, 2014), Une colonie (A Colony, Geneviève Dulude-De Celles, 2019), Montréal la blanche (Bachir Bensaddek, 2016), Le meilleur pays du monde (The Greatest Country in the World, Ky Nam Le Duc, 2020), Pays (Boundaries, Chloé Robichaud, 2016), and Guibord s’en va-t-en guerre (My Internship in Canada, Philippe Falardeau, 2014). The author examines the ways that these films navigate the conceptions and realities of hard and soft borders and borderlands, and ultimately argues that Quebec cinema itself functions as a borderland, a space of translation and exchange that reevaluates positions between reimagined local and reoriented global frameworks.
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Barrera-Violeth, Jose Luis, Ana Melisa Jiménez-Ramirez, and Ana Milena Vásquez-Bettin. "Desert species: seed germination, ecological achievement, and land area protection." In PLANTS: Physiology, crop production, and stress responses. Editora Científica Digital, 2025. https://doi.org/10.37885/250419149.

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This study investigates the effects of seasonal variations on seed germination, dormancy, and ecological strategies in desert-adapted grasses and halophytes. Using species such as Chloria virgata, Coelachyrum brevifolium, Cenchrus ciliaris, Pennisetum divisum, Panicum turgidum, Seidlitzia rosmarinus, and Halothamnus iraqensis, the research evaluates germination parameters under varying temperature regimes, light conditions, and seed bank types. Results revealed that seeds matured in summer exhibited higher mass, synchrony, and germination rates than winter-matured seeds, which displayed greater dormancy. Physical barriers like winged perianths significantly reduced germination, with de-winged seeds showing a marked improvement. Aerial seed banks demonstrated higher germination rates than soil seed banks, emphasizing their role in maintaining seed viability and supporting population dynamics under fluctuating conditions. Photoblastic responses varied, with species like C. ciliaris showing positive photoblasticity, while others displayed neutral or negative responses. These findings underscore the adaptive mechanisms desert plants employ to optimize germination timing, enhance survival, and support ecological restoration. The research highlights practical implications for rangeland rehabilitation, emphasizing the importance of understanding seed dormancy and germination dynamics in arid ecosystems.
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Pompelli, Marcelo F., Alfredo Jarma-Orozco, Juán de Diós Jaraba-Navas, Luis Alfonso Rodríguéz-Páez, and Yirlis Yadeth Pineda-Rodríguez. "Desert species: seed germination, ecological achievement, and land area protection." In Plant Science and Biotechnology: Some insight for a better choice for improvement of crop production and conservation. Editora Científica Digital, 2025. https://doi.org/10.37885/250218811.

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This study investigates the effects of seasonal variations on seed germination, dormancy, and ecological strategies in desert-adapted grasses and halophytes. Using species such as Chloria virgata, Coelachyrum brevifolium, Cenchrus ciliaris, Pennisetum divisum, Panicum turgidum, Seidlitzia rosmarinus, and Halothamnus iraqensis, the research evaluates germination parameters under varying temperature regimes, light conditions, and seed bank types. Results revealed that seeds matured in summer exhibited higher mass, synchrony, and germination rates than winter-matured seeds, which displayed greater dormancy. Physical barriers like winged perianths significantly reduced germination, with de-winged seeds showing a marked improvement. Aerial seed banks demonstrated higher germination rates than soil seed banks, emphasizing their role in maintaining seed viability and supporting population dynamics under fluctuating conditions. Photoblastic responses varied, with species like C. ciliaris showing positive photoblasticity, while others displayed neutral or negative responses. These findings underscore the adaptive mechanisms desert plants employ to optimize germination timing, enhance survival, and support ecological restoration. The research highlights practical implications for rangeland rehabilitation, emphasizing the importance of understanding seed dormancy and germination dynamics in arid ecosystems.
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Jolowicz, Daniel. "Longus and Vergil." In Latin Poetry in the Ancient Greek Novels. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192894823.003.0008.

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Chapter 7 claims that Longus’ Daphnis and Chloe exhibits a sustained engagement with Vergil’s Eclogues and Aeneid, and, to a lesser extent, the Georgics. The introduction (Section 7.1) gathers the evidence for the novel as the composition of a Romanized member of the Mytilenean Greek elite, descended from Pompey’s freedman, Theophanes of Mytilene, and suggests that it was written at some point during the second half of the second century; this will become particularly relevant to Section 7.8 on Longus’ subversive engagement with the Aeneid (a poem celebrating the Julian—not Pompeian!—claim to autocratic rule). Sections 7.2–7.7 are concerned with setting out the features of Vergilian pastoral that recur in Longus, and which are absent from Theocritus (or at least different in degree and kind). These include: the fragility of pastoral autonomy (7.2); theft and vandalism (7.3, 7.3.1, the latter also positing a connection with Ovidian elegy); various elements of Philetas’ biography (7.4); dendronyms (7.5); Amaryllis and pastoral echo (7.6); and Tityros and pastoral succession (7.7).
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Conference papers on the topic "Chloro Position"

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Sucman, Natalia. "Diastereoselective synthesis of a novel cyclic derivative based on 2,3-indolinedione." In Scientific seminar with international participation "New frontiers in natural product chemistry". Institute of Chemistry, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/nfnpc.2023.ab18.

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Generally, organic synthesis is renowned for its predictability in determining results. Nevertheless, there are situations where instead of the expected products, unexpected compounds with unique structures may arise. This report is a presentation of one such remarkable cyclic compound with four chiral centres prepared by diastereoselective dimerization of Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) adducts of acrylonitrile to 5-chloro-indole-2,3dione. MBH adducts are very popular in organic chemistry. They are synthesized by the addition of an activated alkene and a carbon electrophile in the presence of a nucleophilic catalyst, such as a tertiary amine or phosphine. The product is densely functionalized, joining the alkene at the α-position to a reduced form of the electrophile with a new carbon-carbon bond. In cases where indol-2,3-dione acts as an electrophile in such reactions, literature examples are found only with N-substituted isatins [1-3]. We attempted to carry out this reaction using unsubstituted 5-chloroindol-2,3-dione. As a result, a series of products were isolated, among which several similar compounds of particular interest were observed, with NMR spectra showing a double set of signals. The overall yield of these compounds was insignificant, and their chromatographic separation proved to be very labour-intensive. In order to enhance the stereo-selectivity of the reaction and consequently increase the yield of the desired compound, conditions were optimized in which the corresponding MBH adduct was used as the starting substrate. In the presence of DABCO and acetic ether as catalysts, primarily, a single substance with an unusual cyclic structure was formed (Figure 1).Figure 1. The synthesis of cyclic dimer. NMR spectra were consistent with the proposed structure. To confirm it, X-ray structural analysis was conducted.
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Ochiai, Shunsuke, Tomohiro Takayama, Yukiko Kishimura та ін. "Exposure characteristics of positive tone electron beam resist containing p-chloro-α-methylstyrene". У Photomask Japan 2017, редактор Kiwamu Takehisa. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2279079.

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Tamaru, Kenta, Shunsuke Ochiai, Yukiko Kishimura, Hironori Asada, Ryoichi Hoshino та Minako Iwakuma. "Exposure characteristics of ternary copolymerization positive tone electron beam resist containing p-chloro-α-methylstyrene". У Photomask Japan 2018, редактор Kiwamu Takehisa. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2324709.

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Kepeňová, Martina, Michaela Benediková, Mária Vilková, Miroslava Litecká, and Ivan Potočňák. "Ionic palladium(II) complexes with nitro and halogen derivatives of 8-hydroxyquinoline." In 2nd International Conference on Chemo and Bioinformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi23.443k.

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Abstract:
Four commercially unavailable derivatives of 8-hydroxyquinoline with different functional groups (nitro and halogen) in positions 5 and 7 were prepared: 5-nitro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline (HNIQ), 5-nitro-7-bromo-8-hydroxyquinoline (HNBrQ), 5-iodo-7-bromo-8-hydroxyquinoline (HIBrQ) and 5-chloro-7-bromo-8-hydroxyquinoline (HClBrQ). Their characterization was performed by IR and NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and in the case of HIBrQ and HClBrQ by single crystal X-ray structure analysis. Prepared compounds were used for the synthesis of new palladium(II) complexes NH2(CH3)2[PdCl2(XQ)], where XQ = NIQ (1), NBrQ (2), IBrQ (3) and ClBrQ (4). IR and NMR spectroscopy, elemental and X-ray structure analysis were used for their characterization. Bidentate chelate coordination of one molecule of XQ through nitrogen and oxygen atoms in square planar complexes was found. These complexes represent a group of compounds in which biological activities were found and will be used for the following biological study.
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Wang, Siqi, Colin P. McCoy, Gavin P. Andrews, Matthew Wylie, and Yi Ge. "Developing Functional Carbon-Dots Based Nanomaterials for Bacterial Inhibition." In 5th World Conference on Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and 5th World Conference on Advanced Materials, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. Eurasia Conferences, 2024. https://doi.org/10.62422/978-81-970328-7-5-007.

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Abstract:
Carbon dots (CDs) are emerging nanomaterials, attracting increasing attention due to their exceptional properties, such as good biocompatibility, environmental friendliness, versatile functionalization capabilities, and cost-effectiveness. These attributes position CDs and CD-based nanomaterials as promising candidates for various biomedical applications. This study focuses on the development of functional CD-based nanomaterials conjugated with a photosensitizer Chlorin E6 to enhance bacterial inhibition. By employing a novel microwave-assisted approach, we successfully fabricated N-doped CDs from diverse carbon sources various carbon sources (e.g. citric acid, ascorbic acid, tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), spermidine and urea). Characterized through various analytical techniques including UV, fluorescence, FT-IR, TEM, DLS, and XRD, the resulting CDs demonstrated broad-spectrum antibacterial activities against E. coli, S. aureus, and MRSA. Remarkably, upon conjugation with Chlorin E6, these functional nanomaterials exhibited significantly enhanced antimicrobial efficacy under light exposure. At a concentration of merely 10 μg/mL, the conjugated CDs completely eradicated S. aureus and showed a substantial increase in inhibitory action against E. coli. Cytotoxicity assays on HaCaT cells indicated low toxicity, with cell viability above 80% for concentrations below 200 mg/mL. Our findings have revealed the great potential of these microwave-synthesized and photosensitizer-conjugated CDs in biomedicine, highlighting their applicability in photodynamic therapy and bioimaging. The profound antibacterial activity under light exposure opens new avenues for developing more efficient and cost-effective antimicrobial nanomaterials.
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