To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Chlorofyll.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chlorofyll'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 38 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Chlorofyll.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Pokorný, František. "Vliv různých způsobů ošetření rostlin kukuřice na zvýšení produkce biomasy." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-258115.
Full textAbstract:
Maize is one of the most profitable crops in our country. Therefore, new technological processes are implemented and developed at growing maize. Despite the relatively extensive knowledge and experience in growing maize, these technologies are abundant with risks and possible pitfalls. A very important question above all is the one concerning the soil treatment; fertilization and nutrition suitable for maize growing. Thesis deals with proposing an appropriate system of fertilization the maize suitable for silage by all different means of wide fertilization applications, fertilization supplements at the base and at the top with relation to production of silage. During the vegetation, we took measurement of maize plants. Thesis also evaluates the intensity and volume of chlorophyll in leaves of maize that was not treated. The experimental plants of maize were situated on testing field of Research Station, Faculty of Agronomy. Food and Naturall Resources at the Czech Agricultural University in Prague in Červený Újezd (district Prague - West). After the harvest, all variants of maize were examined from the perspective of profit in green state and in the dry state. Within the one-year experiment, we found following results that may help in the planning the basic or supplemental fertilization of silage maize. Therefore, based on the results launched, we present that the wide top use of Zeastim fertilizers in combination with Urea Stabil fertilizer has impact on higher growth of green mass, so it proves higher profit of green and dried mass.
2
Pospíchalová, Lucie. "Adaptogeny v rostlině Shizandra chinensis." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401845.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis deals with plant adaptogens (bioactive substances) in the plant Schisandra chinensis. The theoretical part is focused on characterization of the Schisandra genus, characterization of the Schisandra chinensis as a plant, its properties, occurrence and growing possibilities in the climate zone. Furthermore, The effects of these adaptogens on the organism and the prediction of possible use in food supplements are described. The experimental part deals with the extraction of fruits and leaves from plant Schisandra chinensis. Further, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b in the leaves extract was determined by UV – VIS spectrophotometry, whereby the optimal amount 3:1 of chlorophyll was confirmed for the plants growing in optimal conditions. Finally, the concentration of the adaptogen schisandrin A in the dried fruits was from different kind of extraction measured by HPLC. In all fruits, schisandrin A was confirmed, but the amount is different in each sample.
3
Szotkowski, Martin. "Řízená produkce lipidů a dalších lipidických látek pomocí vybraných druhů kvasinek a mikrořas." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-438298.
Full textAbstract:
Karotenoidy jsou přírodní pigmenty vyskytující se v mikroorganismech jako jsou řasy, kvasinky a sinice. Představují nejrozšířenější skupinu antioxidantů s významným biologickým účinkem. V současnosti vzrůstá zájem o karotenoidy vzhledem k jejich příznivým vlivům na lidské zdraví. Chlorofyly jsou zelená fotosyntetická barviva, která nacházejí uplatnění v potravinářství jako intenzivní zelená barviva. Koenzym Q je znám svým pozitivním vlivem pro správnou funkci řady orgánů v lidském těle. Ergosterol je nedílnou součástí membrán kvasinek a hub. Je to provitamin D2, který je důležitou součástí imunitního systému. Mikrobiální lipidy, nebo také ‚‚Single cell oils‘‘ jsou charakteristické vysokým obsahem zdraví prospěšných nenasycených mastných kyselin, které lze využít ve farmacii či kosmetice. Mikrobiální lipidy jsou dále studovány jako alternativa pro výrobu biopaliv. Dizertační práce byla zaměřena na studium a možnosti optimalizace produkce lipidů a lipidických látek vybranými kmeny karotenogenních kvasinek, mikrořas a sinic. V rámci práce byly testované kvasinky rodu Rhodotorula, Rhodosporidium, Cystofilobasidium a Sporidiobolus podrobené kultivacím na sérií médií s různými C/N poměry v rozsahu 13 až 100, obsahujících upravené odpadní substráty z potravinářského průmyslu. Vybrané kmeny byly poté kultivovány v bioreaktorech v médiu obsahujícím kombinaci odpadních substrátů. Kultivace mikrořas rodu Desmodesmus, Scenedesmus, Chlorella, Coccomyxa, Chlamydomonas, Botryococcus se zabývaly optimalizací jednotlivých komponent média a aplikací různých stresů s cílem navýšení produkce studovaných metabolitů. V rámci experimentů s extrémofilní mikrořasou Coccomyxa byly provedeny pilotní velkoobjemové kultivace v otevřených nádržích. V závěrečné části byl provedeny pilotní screeningové a velkoobjemové bioreaktorové experimenty zaměřené na možnosti kokultivace karotenogenních kvasinek a mikrořas. Testované kmeny kvasinek byly s rozdílnou úspěšností schopny utilizovat média obsahující hydrolyzované odpadní substráty. Nejlepším kmenem byl Sporidiobolus pararoseus, který na médiích dosahoval nejvyšších produkcí biomasy i sledovaných metabolitů. Z testovaných odpadních substrátů byla nejlepší kombinace odpadního fritovacího oleje a hydrolyzátu kávové sedliny. Úspěšná optimalizace složení hlavních komponent minerálního média vedla k zvýšené produkci studovaných metabolitů. Největší vliv měl optimální poměr P/N a aplikace oxidačního stresu. Nejlepších výsledků dosáhly mikrořasy rodu Desmodesmus a Scenedesmus. Velkoobjemové kultivace Coccomyxy onubensis potvrdily rezistenci kultury proti kontaminaci vnějšími vlivy a schopnost růstu za vysoké teploty a intenzity světelného záření. Kokultivační experimenty potvrdily schopnost symbiotického růstu kvasinek a mikrořas. Nejlepších výsledků dosahovaly všechny testované kvasinky s mikrořasami rodu Demsodesmus a Scenedesmus a v menší míře i rodu Coccomyxa.
4
Kuklíková, Radka. "Reakce různých genotypů Zea mays L. a Vicia faba L. ošetřených brassinosteroidy na působení vodního deficitu." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-297178.
Full textAbstract:
This work monitors the response of plants to the application of a solution of synthetic brassinosteroid (5-fluor-3α,17β-dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-6-on) under drought stress conditions and subsequent restoration of water availability. The response of two plant species was monitored under six-day period of cessation of watering and under six-day period of renewed optimal water supply. The experiments were carried out on plants with different type of photosynthesis - C3 plant Vicia faba L. and C4 plant Zea mays L.. For both plant species, three varieties/genotypes were used. Photosynthetic, morphological and developmental characteristics were monitored. The brassinosteroid treatment influenced more the morphological than the photosynthetic characteristics. The content of photosynthetic pigments was influenced more than the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The differences in morphological characteristics between individual varieties/genotypes were observed. The response to the application of brassinosteroid was observed especially for drought-sensitive variety/genotype. Application of brassinosteroid caused increase of the dry mass of leaves and roots, the height to leaf , the height of the whole plant and its increment under stress and post-stress periods in both plant species. The content of...
5
Mišurec, Jan. "Určování obsahu chlorofylu z hyperspektrálních obrazových dat." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-301855.
Full textAbstract:
5 ABSTRACT The main scope of submited master thesis is the use of quantitative methods of imaging spectroscopy data for retrieval of chlorophyll content of forrest canopies. It demonstrates the potentials of radiative transfer models in combination with exponential regression model for retrieval of chlorophyll content from imaging spectroscopy data. Estimation of Norway spruce chlorophyll content is based on two datasets acquired in August and September 2009 by airborne very high spatial resolution sensors AISA Eagle and AISA Dual over Cerna Hora and Smrcina sites. Obtained chlorophyll content data were finally used for creation of high scaled (1: 5000) map outcomes. Keywords: Norway spruce (Picea Abies), Eight-toothed spruce beetle (Ips typographus), DART, PROSPECT, artificial neural networks, chlorophyll, ANMB650-725 index
6
Kocurek, Vojtěch. "Využití metody fluorescence chlorofylu ke stanovení účinnosti herbicidů." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-93042.
Full text
7
OKROUHLÍKOVÁ, Monika. "Úloha ferochelatázy v regulaci biosyntézy chlorofylu a hemu." Master's thesis, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-43050.
Full text
8
Vahalová, Petra. "Zhášení tripletních stavů chlorofylů karotenoidy v tylakoidních membránách." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-347195.
Full textAbstract:
Photosynthesis is one of the most important biological processes. The photosynthetic apparatus is protected against formation of reactive singlet oxygen by carotenoids. In this work, thylakoid membranes from spinach were studied, and the main aim was to explore the effect of a partial carotenoid removal on the protective function. Carotenes, which are nonpolar carotenoids, were removed from a part of the sample by hexane. About 90 % of carotenes were removed, as revealed by liquid chromatography. However, the high efficiency of chlorophyll triplet state quenching was not affected by the carotene removal. Therefore, it was concluded that the remaining carotenes are probably localized around reaction centres, where they are not accessible to hexane and where their protective function is the most important. At the same time, changes in optical spectra were observed, which were ascribed to structural modifications caused by the carotene removal from the outer parts of the complexes. The carotenoids removal probably caused detachment of outer light-harvesting complexes. This interpretation is supported by the fact that similar changes were observed in experiments with a detergent dodecyl maltoside. 1
9
KLEINOVÁ, Miroslava. "Závislost obsahu chlorofylu v listnatých dřevinách na znečištění prostředí." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-174237.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this work was the establishment of the amount of chlorophyll in diverse species of deciduous trees in enviroment contaminated by road transport. To determine this, the tests were made from may to august on the leaves of a smallleaved lime tree (Tilia cordata) and sycamore tree (Platanus occidentalis).
10
Lunerová, Marie. "Optimalizace dávek herbicidů s využitím metod založených na měření fluorescence chlorofylu." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-90217.
Full text
11
BENDOVÁ, Markéta. "Genetická analýza chlorofylid reduktázy u aerobních anoxygenních fototrofů." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-54464.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is concerned with designing specific primers for the gene bchY of chlorophyllid reductase from biosynthetic pathway of bacteriochlorophyll a and using this gene as a molecular marker for detection of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs. The phylogenetic analyses based on gene bchY was done from selected AAP isolates and natural microbial communities in lakes in the Tyrolian Alps.
12
VÍTKOVÁ, Jitka. "Fyzikálně chemické gradienty a prostorová heterogenita chlorofylu v podélném profilu nádrže Římov." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-136940.
Full textAbstract:
In 2011, vertical and longitudinal gradients of temperature, oxygen, pH, conductivity and chlorophyll were measured in the Římov Reservoir. Relative distance model was employed to evaluate spatial heterogeneity of parameters measured along the longitudinal axis of the reservoir. The inflow part comprised 15 % of the overall reservoir length and was characterized with temperature, pH and chlorophyll values lower than the rest of the reservoir. Highest chlorophyll and dissolved oxygen concentrations along with pH were measured in the transition zone constituting 40 % of the reservoir length. Lacustrine zone with low chlorophyll concentration accounted for 45 % of the reservoir. It was characterized with pronounced metalimnetic and hypolimnetic oxygen minima during summer as well as the marked increase in conductivity towards bottom.
13
Zachová, Kateřina. "Určení množství chlorofylu v porostech břízy bělokoré a borovice lesní s využitím hyperspektrálních dat." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-312702.
Full textAbstract:
The master thesis deals with the determination of the chlorophyll content in birch foliage (Betula pendula Roth) and Scots pine using hyperspectral data. The first part of the thesis concentrates on the literature search dealing with the methods of chlorophyll content in the foliage of selected plant species. In the practical part the emphasis is on the study of spectral reflectance curves and finding their relation to the chlorophyll content from the laboratory determination. Images taken with the hyperspectral sensor HyMap and spectral reflectance curves obtained with the ground ASD FieldSpec 3 spectrometer were available. Using the derived regression model chlorophyll maps were created for Scots pine for three selected locations in the Sokolov coal basin area.
14
Kováč, Daniel. "Prostorová analýza asimilace oxidu uhličitého v lesních ekosystémech pomocí spektrálně-optických vlastností vegetace." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-176839.
Full text
15
Vaňková, Kateřina. "Biologické účinky jedlých řas." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-388763.
Full textAbstract:
Nutritional factors with antioxidant properties, such as those contained in edible algae or green plants, might be implicated in protection against cancer development. Chlorophyll and other tetrapyrrolic compounds, structurally related to heme and antioxidant bile pigment bilirubin, belong to important candidate molecules, which might be responsible for these effects. Based on our studies demonstrating antiproliferative effects of S. platensis edible alga extract on experimental model of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma we investigated in detail the effect of chlorophyll occurring abundantly in this alga. Since only scarce data exist on the antiproliferative effects of chlorophylls, the aim of our study was to assess these effects. The study was performed on experimental models of human pancreatic and prostate cancer. The inhibitory effects of chlorophylls (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyllin and pheophytin a) on cell proliferation and cell viability were investigated in in vitro studies. Chlorophylls reduced the mRNA expression as well as activity of hemeoxygenase in tested pancreatic cancer cells. Simultaneously, chlorophylls played an important role in redox environment of studied cancer cell lines including modulation of mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS)...
16
Černý, Petr. "Inovace pěstebních technologií konopí." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-426745.
Full textAbstract:
The theoretical part of diploma thesis briefly focuses on botanical characteristics of cannabis, legislation of cannabis cultivation in Czech republic, agrotechnics and harvest of hemp. The cultivation technologies used in production and harvest of cannabis for pharmaceutical purposes are described in more details. In the practical part was established an experiment with cannabis plants. This experiment was carried in laboratory at department of plant biology at Mendel university in Brno. The experiment was carried out in two variants of light spectrum (white LED lights emitting complete visible spectrum and combination of blue and red LED in ratio 1:1), which were dividen into three groups with different trim method. In plants were observed parameters of quantum yield of electron transport of photosystem II, chlorophyll fluorescence, yield of dried flowers and selected secondary metabolites. In each of lighting and trim variants have been recorded various results. As results shown, white LED lights emitting a full visible spectrum appear to be more effective than the blue and red spectrum in ratio of 1:1. Effect of trimming in this experiment was not statistically conclusive.
17
Panchártek, Daniel. "Analýza parametrů, u nichž se předpokládá souvislost se suchovzdorností, u různých genotypů čiroku." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-322066.
Full textAbstract:
The aims of this work were 1) to assess whether sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes originating from the India can be grown and analyzed in the climatic conditions of central Europe and 2) to find out the utilization potential of selected non- destructive and destructive methods based mostly on the chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements and the determination of photosynthetic pigments' content for the differentiation of sorghum genotypes based on their presumed drought tolerance. Field experiments made during 2 years compared 15 genotypes of this species (2 stay-green parental lines, 2 senescent parental lines and 11 introgression lines with stay-green loci), 2 of these genotypes were further analyzed in greenhouse conditions where the water deficit was induced by a cessation of watering for 12 days. The field-grown plants showed some differences between individual genotypes in all measured parameters; however, for the majority of the genotypes these differences were not statistically significant. The stay-green parental genotype B35 differred the most from the other ones in both field seasons, but the other stay-green genotypes usually did not differ from the senescent genotypes. No significant differences between both greenhouse-tested genotypes (presumably contrasting in their...
18
Konvičná, Petra. "Sledování intenzity fotosyntézy u skleníkové kultury zeleniny." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-250044.
Full textAbstract:
The literary part of the work approaches the plant material, cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.), the issue of greenhouse production and growing in hydroponics. A large part is devoted to describing the process of photosynthesis and the different factors affecting the impact and progress of the process. The practical part is devoted to monitoring and measuring the physiological characteristics of the photosynthetic apparatus using LCpro +: the intensity of photosynthesis, transpiration levels, water efficiency, stomatal conductance with cucumbers. Outside the parameters of photosynthesis is also evaluated chlorophyll content using the device CCM200plus Chlorophyll Content Meter and the ability of plants to use sunlight, thus fluorescence. Flourescence was measured with a fluorometer OS30p + Chlorophyll. Based on the evaluation, it was found that all measured characteristics were influenced by physiological and health status and degree of leaf damage.
19
Fridrichová, Lenka. "Inter- a intraspecifická variabilita v odezvě Vicia faba L. a Zea mays L. na nedostatek vody." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-295799.
Full textAbstract:
This work monitors the response of plants to water deficit and subsequent restoration of water availability with the aim to expand our knowledge about plant behaviour during and after drought stress from the perspective of two plant species with a different type of photosynthesis. A particular attention was paid to the intraspecific differences and their possible changes during stress and post-stress periods. The plant response was monitored as the changes of selected photosynthetic, morphological and developmental characteristics caused by the cessation of watering for six days followed by a six-day period of renewed optimal water supply. The experiments were carried out on plants with different types of photosynthesis - C3 plant Vicia faba L and C4 plant Zea mays L.; for both plant species, three varieties / genotypes were monitored. The response of both plant species to insufficient water supply differed by the extent of changes in relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, the dry mass of individual leaves (developed during the stress period), the ratio between the aboveground dry mass and dry mass of roots. In drought-stressed plants, downward trend in RWC was observed, as well as the increase of the minimum yield of chlorophyll fluorescence in dark-adapted leaves (F ),...
20
Czyžová, Kateřina. "Inhibice regenerace prýtů na explantátech petunie (Petunia x hybrida) in vitro způsobená fluoranthenem." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-178912.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of thesis was to study the effect of fluoranthene (FLT) on growth and biochemical processes of plant Petunia (Petunia hybrida cv. Lady blue) in in vitro conditions. In this experiment were used segments of the middle parts of the leaves, shoots from organogenesis in vitro and apical meristem of stem with four to five leaves from long-term in vitro culture. It was observed if fluoranthene influence organogenesis of shoots in vitro, contents of chlorophyll a and b, content of cytokinins and rating of shoots (from organogenesis in vitro) and apical meristem of stem with four to five leaves. It was used culture MS medium containing benzylaminopurin (1.5 mg/l), 1-naphtylacetic acid (0.18 mg/l) and fluoranthene (1 mg/l) or without fluoranthene (control). In the case of organogenesis in vitro, the experiment was performed at 4 different variations of media with subculturing to other media in triplicate. Variations of the media were chosen to allow period of cultivation with fluoranthene, which affects growth and biochemical processes. MS medium containing indol-3-butyric acid (0.5 mg/l) and FLT in different concentrations (0.1, 1, 3 a 5 mg/l) was used for monitoring rooting. The results showed that fluoranthen is able to affect organogenesis of shoots formed on the segments of leaves. There was lower frequency compared to the control organogenesis. It was found that fluoranthene more affects beginning of cultivation compared to later exposure of fluoranthene during cultivation. It was found the highest uptake of benzyladenine and its riboside from the culture medium. Fluoranthene affected significantly content of dihydrozeatin. Zeatin and its riboside were recorded in a minimal amount. Fluoranthene caused lower content of chlorophylls a and b in explantats. In the case of chlorophyll a were no significant differences between influence by fluoranthene at the beginning of the cultivation or during of cultivation. It was noted that fluoranthene influence the morphology of the roots subcultured shoots from organogenesis in vitro. Plant roots exhibited less branching and roots were shorter in culture medium containing higher content of fluoranthene (3 and 5 mg/l).
21
RÁKOSNÍKOVÁ, Tamara. "Studium vlivu stresových faktorů na stavbu a funkci fotosyntetického aparátu brukve řepky olejky (Brassica napus L. var. napus)." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-204776.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis deals with the influence of cold plasma,as a stress factor, on content and fluorescence of chlorrophylls of oilseed rape. Theoretical part deals with characteristic oilseeds rape, fluorescence, photosynthetic pigments and the effects of cold plasma on on physiology of plants. The theoretical part continues in experimental mesurement. The eperiment was done in laboratory conditions. The own of eperiment was to discover the influence of cold plasma on the amount of chlorophylls and fluorescence of chlorophylls. The rape seads were treated with cold plasma for the duration of various time interval. The thesis considersif the plants, which were sprouted from treated seeds, show higher values of physiological activities as compared with plants germinated from conventional seed.
22
Pilátová, Jana. "Metabolismus železa a mědi u jednobuněčných mořských řas rodu Ostreococcus." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-343772.
Full textAbstract:
The smallest free living eukaryote known as Ostreococcus tauri became along with some related species great experimental models for iron uptake research in marine picoplankton. The ecological context of such topic is very interesting considering the nature of adaptation to iron limitation and its connection to the copper metabolism. Our experiments has simulated iron and copper limiting conditions of the ocean, as a control we used iron and copper repleted cultivation media. The maximum cell counts were two- to threefold higher in iron-repleted medium compared to iron- depleted one. There was the only exception showing no difference in growth - O. lucimarinus coming from open ocean with high irradiance levels and very low iron concentrations, which all together made it the best adapted species. The reinoculation of cell cultures after a week cultivation into to the same iron/copper containing media led to unmasking the copper effect on growth, which was much weaker than encountered with iron (again except of O. lucimarinus). Iron sufficiency positively affects heme b and chlorophyll a and b content with no significant copper dependency. The circadian timing of heme b and chlorophyll a and b content shows the increasing trend during the day followed by decrease at night. This might be caused by...
23
BRŮŽKOVÁ, Radka. "Problematika kvality vod koupacích oblastí povodí Vltavy a jejich vliv na rekreaci." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-317998.
Full textAbstract:
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of water quality in bathing areas on the Vltava River. I concretely concentrated on the quality of water on dams Lipno, Orlík and Slapy. There were two aims. The first of them was observing of selected physical-chemical and microbiological indicators and algae in bathing waters of dams Lipno, Orlík, Slapy situated on the Vltava River between years 2006 and 2016. The second aim was observing of changes in water quality in the Vltava River and dams Lipno, Orlík, Slapy in the direction as river flows in the period of ten years. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and the practical part. The issue of water quality for bathing, indicators for its evaluation and the description of chosen dams on the Vltava River are written in the theoretical part. The practical part was realized by the method of the secondary analysis of data. The analysed data were gained from The National Health Institute with the permission of The Ministry of Health. The next data were given by The State Enterprise, Povodí Vltavy. The time period for the analysis was from years 2006 to 2016. Data gained were described in charts and graphs by the usage of computer programme Microsoft Excel. The part of this thesis was also the outdoor research. The gained results could be used as the source of information not only for general public but also for towns, villages or keepers of recreation facilities situated in this area. On the bases of discovered facts, data, documents, materials, outdoor research and their evaluation there will be given the complete view on the water quality in the dams intended for recreation with prediction about the future progress.
24
NOVÁKOVÁ, Hana. "Odpověď fotosyntetického aparátu smrku ztepilého a buku lesního na vybrané stresové podmínky - srovnávací studie." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-112118.
Full textAbstract:
In the context of expected climate changes is more and more important to study how will species of present ecosystems react to this changes. Thus this study is focused on reactions of two main forest tree species of Central Europe ? Norway spruce (Piacea abies L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) ? to water stress, higher quantity of N in soil, combination of theese stress factors and heat stress. The effects of stress were monitored on maximal photochemical efficiency of PS II (Fv / Fm) and on contents of photosynthetic pigments. It was found that Norway spruce is more resistant to all mentioned stress factors than European beech.
25
Koníčková, Renata. "Antiproliferační účinky produktů katabolické dráhy hemu." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-335639.
Full textAbstract:
Presented work is focused on heme metabolism with the main interest in bile pigments. Recent data indicate that bilirubin is not only a waste product of the heme catabolic pathway, but also emphasize its important biological impacts, including possible antiproliferative effects. Until today metabolism of bilirubin has not been completely elucidated, which has prevented detailed evaluation of its potential anticancer action. The aim of this study was to clarify some aspects of heme catabolism with respect for antiproliferative properties of its products. Based on the fact that bilirubin potently affects carcinogenesis of the intestine, we initially investigated not properly known bilirubin metabolism by intestinal bacteria. We studied bilirubin neurotoxic effects in hyperbilirubinemic Gunn rats - its distribution in the brain tissue and its degradation during pathological conditions, such as severe newborn jaundice or Crigler-Najjar syndrome. Possible approaches to improve the treatment of severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemias, combination of the phototherapy and human albumin administration were also investigated. The main reason of these studies was the fact that mechanisms of neurotoxic effects of bilirubin are predominantly identical with those, by which bilirubin inhibits cancer cells growth....
26
Lukeš, Petr. "Imaging spectroscopy of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) ecosystems from needles to forest stands." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-176475.
Full text
27
TONCAROVÁ, Gabriela. "Jak reagují stromy na znečištěné ovzduší ve městě." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-381116.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis was to determine the response of trees to air pollution in the city. For this purpose, APTI index (Air pollution tolerance index), the measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence and the analysis of the content of photosynthetic pigments were used. The examined trees were Platanus acerifolia and Prunus subhirtella v. autumnalis rosea growing in Lannova třída in České Budějovice. For evaluation of APTI index, four parameters are required. These are the quantity of ascorbic acid and the photosynthetic pigments in the leaves, the relative water content in the leaves and the leaf extract pH. The samples of leaves were taken in August 2015. From Lannova třída, three trees of each species were chosen. This research has showed that in terms of evaluation APTI index of Platanus acerifolia is more tolerant and less sensitive to air pollution than Prunus subhirtella. The value of the APTI index at the Platanus acerifolia was 9,33, at the Prunus subhirtella APTI index was 7,84. During the evaluation of the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, statistically significant differences between the trees were not found. The values obtained via the method of chlorophyll fluorescence at both tree species were low, at the Platanus acerifolia it was 0,65, at the Prunus subhirtella it was 0,68. In terms of content of photosynthetic pigments, Prunus subhirtella has come out better. In almost all, it had greater content of pigments than the Platanus acerifolia. The results of the research were used in the draft for excursions for students of 7th grades of elementary schools to this area.
28
Hájíčková, Martina. "Fyziologické, anatomické a morfologické reakce sazenic buku lesního a smrku ztepilého na stres suchem a následnou závlahu =:Physiological, anatomical and morphological response of European beech and Norway spruce seedlings on drought stress and subsequent irrigation /." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-426268.
Full textAbstract:
European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) are the most abundant deciduous and coniferous tree species in the Czech Republic. Both beech and spruce are due to their sensitivity to drought threatened by ongoing climate change that can cause deterioration of their vitality in current habitats. Drought periods are already becoming longer and stronger and previously rare spring droughts become more frequent. The dissertation thesis is based on experiments with Norway spruce and European beech seedling exposed to different levels of drought (well-watered, moderate drought and severe drought). After three to six weeks of drought, the seedlings were well-watered for another two weeks and their response of physiology, anatomy and morphology was evaluated. Experiments were conducted with seedlings at early stage of leaf development and with fully developer leaves to compare response to spring and summer drought. Overall drought response was stronger in spring. Both spring and summer drought reduced gas exchange parameters (in both beech and spruce seedlings up to 100 %), hydraulic conductivity and less strongly also fluorometric parameters. Efficiency of water use in stressed seedlings decreased in spring, while it increased in summer. Shoot and leaves biomass was more reduced by drought than root biomass. Tree-ring width decreased about two times more in beech seedlings than in spruce seedlings. Vessel and tracheids in stem and shoots reduced their number and size, on the contrary, vessel size increased in beech petioles. After rewatering the reduced parameters increased, however, hydraulic conductivity, anatomy and morphology did not reach values of well-watered seedlings. While most of physiological parameters restored in moderately stressed seedlings, in severely stressed seedlings mainly gas exchange parameters remained lower.
29
HERBSTOVÁ, Miroslava. "Structure and function of pigment-protein complexes of photosynthetic microorganisms." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-79873.
Full textAbstract:
Biochemical and biophysical methods in combination with electron microscopy were used to investigate structure and function of pigment-protein complexes in thylakoid membranes of various photosynthetic organisms.
30
Kvíčalová, Zuzana. "Dynamika tripletních stavů pigmentů ve fotosyntetických světlosběrných komplexech." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-313972.
Full textAbstract:
Chlorophyll molecules in their triplet excited state can react with the ground state oxygen, producing oxygen in a singlet excited state, which is very reactive and thus very harmful to the light-harvesting complex. Photosynthetic organisms employ carotenoids to prevent the damage by quenching both excited (singlet) states of oxygen and excited triplet states of chlorophyll. In this work, we use ns transient absorption spectroscopy and global analysis to study the dynamics of carotenoid and chlorophyll triplet states in two light-harvesting complexes of Amphidinium carterae, the Peridinin-Chlorophyll a-Protein complex (PCP) and the main light-harvesting complex (LHCP). It appears that at room temperature all triplets are transferred from chlorophylls to carotenoids within ~ 5 ns, providing a very efficient protection against formation of singlet oxygen. One carotenoid triplet with a lifetime of ~ 10.2 µs participating in the chlorophyll triplet quenching was observed in the PCP sample, while results from LHCP suggest that two carotenoid triplets with a similar lifetime of ~ 2.5 µs contribute to quenching of chlorophyll triplet states. The two carotenoid triplets are attributed to peridinin placed in a polar environment and peridinin placed in a non-polar environment in the LHCP complex.
31
Vinklárek, Ivo. "Teplotní závislost triplet-tripletního přenosu energie ve fotosyntetických světlosběrných komplexech." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-355696.
Full textAbstract:
Toxic singlet oxygen can be populated by the quenching of triplet states of chlorophyll (Chl). In photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes (LHCs), the gen- eration of singlet oxygen is prevented by a photoprotective mechanism based on an energy transfer from Chl triplets to carotenoids, which occurs via a Dexter mechanism (DET). The temperature dependence of the DET was studied in three selected LHCs by means of transient absorption spectroscopy. The emphasis was on a chlorophyll a-chlorophyll c2-peridinin-protein complex (acpPC) of Dinoflagel- late Amphidinium carterae. The results obtained from acpPC were compared with those for LHC-II from pea and chlorosomes of Chloroflexus aurantiacus. All three antennas exhibit high efficiency and fast rate of chlorophyll triplet quenching by carotenoids at room temperature, which prevents the accumulation of Chl triplets. The fast rate of quenching persists at low temperatures (≥77 K) in the case of LHC-II. However, the efficiency of the Chl triplets quenching is lower as proved by a detection of long-lived Chl triplets with a millisecond lifetime. These triplets were assigned to peripheral Chls that are not neighbouring with carotenoids active at 77 K. A similar population of long-lived Chl triplets was detected in the acpPC complex. In acpPC, the rate of the...
32
KAŠPAROVÁ, Františka. "Ekofyziologické a morfologické rozdíly mezi domácími a invazními populacemi \kur{Lythrum salicaria} L." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-55084.
Full textAbstract:
Native to Europe and Asia, Lythrum salicaria is an invasive element on some other continents. Plants in the invaded areas are more robust, higher, and generally more successful compared to individuals in their original area. Based on my results these characteristics cannot be explained by neither higher photosynthesis, chlorophyll and carotenoid mass, nor specific leaf area.
33
ŠINDELÁŘOVÁ, Lenka. "Jak stromy odolávají stresu městského prostředí." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-381120.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this diploma thesis was to find out the seasonal changes of the air pollution tolerance index (APTI) in London planetree (Platanus acerifolia) and small-leaved lime tree (Tilia cordata), which grow in Jiráskovonábřeží in České Budějovice near the busy urban roads. The research was conducted in August, 2015. The complete results of this research were summarized into a teaching presentation for pupils at primary schools, which shall show them the issues of urban stress for these two tree species, which are very often planted in cities. The APTI index consists of four parameters, which were needed to be found out for the APTI index could be established. These parameters for the APTI are: the content of chlorophylls in a leaf, the content of the ascorbic acid in a leaf, the relative water content in a leaf and the pH of the extract from a leaf. By the discovering ofthe values of these parameters, the APTI was counted and thanks to this APTI it was easier to determine, which of these two tree species is less or more stressed by air pollution on the particular location. Further, the fluorescence of chlorophyll, which is -next to the APTI index- another indicator of effect of stress on the physiological processes in a plant and measured fluorescence values were compared with values from the previous measuring in 2013. The results were statistically evaluated and processed into the tables and graphs. According to the results of the APTI index, the small-leaved lime tree has proved as more sensitive to air pollution in Jiráskovo nábřeží, the London planetree was more resilient from this point of view. By the comparison of the results of chlorophyll content and fluorescence from 2013 and 2015, it was found out that the year 2015 has proved as less favourable for both species.
34
Orlekowsky, Tanya. "Investigating soil algae and cyanoprokaryotes on gold tailings material in South Africa / Tanya Orlekowsky." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/11928.
Full textAbstract:
Gold mine tailings material facilities are characterized by sparse vegetation and an
abundance of dust. Mine tailings facilities are examples of extreme geotechnical and
geochemical conditions which make it almost impossible for higher plants to establish and
grow without rehabilitation intervention. In most cases higher plants such as grasses and
trees are the focus areas for rehabilitation, but, having a look at something a little smaller
such as biological crusts, it is seen that these micro-organisms play very important roles in
any ecosystem.
Various studies have shown that biological crusts, consisting of micro-organisms such as
lichens, algae and cyanoprokaryotes enhance the soil quality by binding soil particles
together, forming aggregates which counteract the erosive forces of wind and water. They
play a part in nitrogen and carbon fixation, increase the soil surface temperature and
increase the water retention of the soil. Thus, these organisms improve the overall health of
the soil, which will in time encourage the successful establishment of higher plants.
The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of cyanoprokaryotes and soil algae on
mine tailings storage facilities that have been rehabilitated for different periods of time as
well as to correlate the presence of these species with the physical and chemical
characteristics of the mine tailings material. Chemical, physical and biological analyses of
soil samples were done. Some of the ecologically important and dominant species were
isolated and protocols were developed in order to identify the most successful manner in
which to re-inoculate the organisms to a chosen substrate and how to measure biomass.
Due to the immense cost of standard rehabilitation practices there is a need for a more cost
effective, sustainable manner in which to protect the tailings material against the erosive
forces of wind and water with as little input as possible. The influence of an organism
cultured in normal Bold’s Basal medium (BBM) growth medium, BBM growth medium with
half the phosphate concentration and BBM growth medium with half the nitrate concentration
on the establishment of a biological soil crust (BSC) was tested. To test the influence of the
inoculums already present in the tailings material and in the air, trials with mulch, water and
nutrients without the addition of an organism was also investigated. This was done in the
controlled environment of a glasshouse, as well as in field conditions. The biomass of the
cyanoprokaryotes and algae, as well as the soil surface strength was also tested.
The results show that the time of rehabilitation did not have an influence on the
cyanoprokaryotes as well as algal species that occurred on the tailings material. Chlorella
sp., Chlorococcum sp. and Klebsormidium sp. were present on all six sites, except on the fresh material and 15 year old material where no rehabilitation has been done. As for
dominance; Chlamydomonas sp., Chlorococcum sp., Klebsormidium sp. and Phormidium
sp. were dominant on all six sites except for the fresh material, where nothing grew.
An array of methods exists for measuring algal biomass as a measure of growth. During the
development of protocols for further use in investigating the growth of algae, the extraction
solvent ethanol, for use in chlorophyll a extraction, was identified as the most sufficient. The
re-inoculation of cyanoprokaryotes and soil algae onto a chosen substrate is most
successful when pouring the organisms, cultured in growth medium and 0.1% agar, over the
substrate.
During the glasshouse trials the influence of the growth medium and growth medium with
half the nitrate and half the phosphate concentrations showed that Chlamydomonas sp.
produced the highest biomass when cultured in BBM. With Nostoc sp. the highest biomass
occurred with culturing in BBM and BBM with half the phosphate concentration. Microcoleus
vaginatus showed no significant difference when cultured in the three different growth
mediums (BBM, BBM with half the nitrate concentration and BBM with half the phosphate
concentration). Overall Nostoc sp. produced the highest biomass (34.33 μg/g), followed by
Microcoleus vaginatus (17.05 μg/g) and Chlamydomonas sp. (6.12 μg/g).
Soil surface strength, measured with a hand held penetrometer showed that
Chlamydomonas sp. cultured in BBM growth medium produced the most stable crust (2.58
kg/cm2), although it had the lowest biomass measurements (6.12 μg/g). Nostoc sp. produced
the highest biomass (34.44 μg/g), but had the lowest soil surface strength results (1.75
kg/cm2). Microcoleus vaginatus proved to be the species with high biomass production
(17.05 μg/g), as well as high soil surface strength (2.08 kg/cm2). M. vaginatus is also a
pioneer species and is therefore a good choice as primary inoculum on bare tailings
material.
It was decided to use Nostoc sp. in the field trials due to its high biomass and Microcoleus
vaginatus due to the high soil surface strength produced. Despite the occurrence of a severe
thunder storm on the afternoon of application and poor water management during the field
trials the significance of water on the establishment of soil algae and cyanoprokaryotes on
tailings material was determined.MSc (Environmental Sciences), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
35
Palovská, Markéta. "Analýza primárních fotosyntetických procesů u jehličnanů: srovnání vybraných metod a možné využití při studiu genetické variability." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-267938.
Full textAbstract:
Conifers are important both ecologically and socioeconomically, however, same parts of their biology are not that well researched. This includes genetics and breeding and partly even physiology. Because quantitative genetic analyzes applied in breeding necessitate an analysis of a large number of samples, and conventional methods of analysis are quite time-consuming, certain parameters describing e.g. the activity of photosynthetic electron-transport chain (ETC) are considered for such use. Several methods of the measurement of the activity of photosynthetic ETC exist, but there are some problems with their usage in conifers. I studied this issue from different points of view in three parts of this thesis. 1) I compared the photosynthetic ETC activity in 8 species of conifers using chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence measurements on intact needles and polarographic measurements in isolated chloroplasts. Each method brought different information. 2) I measured Chl fluorescence parameters, reflectance spectra and pigment content in 536 genetically defined trees of Pinus sylvestris L. Many parameters showed relatively high genetic variability and heritability. I have also determined the suitability of various reflectance indices to estimate pigment and water content of needles. 3) I have optimized the...
36
Frimlová, Klára. "Odezva primárních fotosyntetických procesů u jednoděložných rostlin s C3 a C4 typem fotosyntézy na aplikaci steroidních látek." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-405945.
Full textAbstract:
Brassinosteroids and ecdysteroid are naturally occuring chemical compounds in plants. The aim of this study was to show whether the application of exogenous steroids such as brassinosteroids (24-epibrassinolide, 28-homobrassinolide, 24-epicastasterone) and ecdysteroid (20-hydroxyecdysone) can affect the morphological parameters and primary photosyntetic processes of selected monocotyledons that was barley, wheat, maize and sorghum. Non-destructive method for measuring of fast kinetics of chlorophyll fluorescence in investigated plants was used. Analysis of primary photosynthetic processes was realized in five time periods from the application of exogenous steroids on the two different old leaves. The response to the treatment by exogenous steroid was different species by plant species. One week after the application of exogenous steroids plants showed differences in their morphological parameters but most of them were not signifficant. The most steroid-sensitive plant was wheat morphological parameters of were significantly different from untreated control plants. No change in maximum quantum yield of photosystem II to the application of exogenous steroid in plants of Sorghum bicolor L. was detected. In the other examined plant species changes in photosynthesis parameters were detected which...
37
Hrdinka, Tomáš. "Specifické vlastnosti vody jezer vzniklých po těžbě nerostných surovin v ČR." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-305912.
Full textAbstract:
Anthropogenic lakes constitute a significant part of the Czech countryside water component which has not been given sufficient attention so far. The presented thesis deals with the assessment of variability of physico-chemical properties of water in 30 selected pit lakes in order to identify specific features associated with quarrying of different mineral raw materials, basin morphometry and trophic level of the lakes affecting the quality of accumulated water. In the second part of the thesis the author deals with the comprehensive limnological study of the Hromnické Lake with extreme water chemism resulting from excavation of pyritic shales and focuses on the phenomenon of meromixis especially. The results are based on the evaluation of physical properties of water in the lake vertical profile (temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, transparency and colour) and chemical analyzes of water samples collected from the surface and bottom of the lakes during the four seasons in 2003-07 (determination of Ca, Mg, Na, K, Nammon., NO3 - , SO4 2- , Cl- and alkalinity), including determination of chlorophyll-a. In the case study of the Hromnické Lake conducted in 2010-11, the analysis of hydrological regime of the lake, determination of PO4 3- , TOC, selected metals (Fe, Mn, Al, Zn, Ni, Cu, Co,...
38
Mišurec, Jan. "Využití obrazové spektroskopie pro monitoring zátěže vegetace polutanty obsaženými v půdním substrátu Sokolovské hnědouhelné pánve." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372561.
Full textAbstract:
Forests can be considered as one of the most important Earth's ecosystems not only because of oxygen production and carbon sequestration via photosynthesis, but also as a source of many natural resources (such as wood) and as a habitat of many specific plants and animals. Monitoring of forest health status is thus crucial activity for keeping all production and ecosystem functions of forests. The main aim of the thesis is development of an alternative approach for forest health status based on airborne hyperspectral data (HyMap) analysis supported by field sampling. The proposed approach tries to use similar vegetation parameters which are used in case of the current methods of forest health status assessment based on field inspections. It is believed that importance of such new methods will significantly increase in the time when the planned satellite hyperspectral missions (e.g. EnMap) will move into operational phase. The developed forest health monitoring approach is practically demonstrated on mature Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) forests of the Sokolov lignite basin which were affected by long-term coal mining and heavy industry and therefore high variability of forest health status was assumed in this case. Two leaf level radiative transfer models were used for simulating spectral...