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Journal articles on the topic 'Chlorophenolics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Carey, J. H., and J. H. Hart. "Sources of Chlorophenolic Compounds to the Fraser River Estuary." Water Quality Research Journal 23, no. 1 (1988): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1988.005.

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Abstract The identity and concentrations of chlorophenolic compounds in the Fraser River estuary were determined under conditions of high and low river flow at three sites: a site upstream from the trifurcation and at downstream sites for each main river arm. Major chlorophenolics present under both flow regimes were 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,4,6-TeCP), pentachlorophenol (PCP), tetrachloroguaiacol (TeCG) and a compound tentatively identified as 3,4,5-trichloroguaiacol (3,4,5-TCG). Under high flow conditions, concentrations of the guaiacols were higher th

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2

Van Leeuwen, JA, BC Nicholson, KP Hayes, and DE Mulcahy. "Resistance of bound chloroguaiacols and AOX from pulp mill effluent to degradation by Trichoderma harzianum isolated from Lake Bonney, south-eastern South Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 47, no. 8 (1996): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9960961.

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Previous studies have shown that chlorophenolic compounds persisted in water and sediments of Lake Bonney, south-eastern South Australia, following discontinuation of chlorine bleaching at a sulfite pulp mill that discharged effluent into the lake. Although free and bound chlorophenolics were detected in the lake after discontinuation of chlorine bleaching, the predominant forms were found to be bound compounds. In assessing the persistence of chlorophenolics in the lake, fungi were isolated from the lake water and studied for their capacities to degrade these compounds. One fungus, Trichoderm

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3

Hall, E. R., and W. G. Randle. "Chlorinated Phenolics Removal from Bleached Kraft Mill Wastewater in Three Secondary Treatment Processes." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 5-6 (1994): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0712.

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Laboratory-scale activated sludge (AS), facultative stabilization basin (FSB) and aerated stabilization basin (ASB) processes were operated in parallel treating bleached kraft mill effluent under controlled SRT and temperature conditions, to assess the chlorinated phenolics removal efficiencies attainable in each. The structure and extent of chlorination of the chlorophenolic compounds monitored appeared to contribute to the differing removal efficiencies observed. Under most operating conditions, treatment process effluents contained chronically toxic levels of pentachlorophenol-equivalent to

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4

Van Leeuwen, JA, BC Nicholson, KP Hayes, and DE Mulcahy. "Persistence of chlorophenolic compounds from pulp and paper mill discharges in Lake Bonney, south-eastern South Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 47, no. 7 (1996): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9960929.

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Chlorophenolic compounds were determined in water and sediment samples from Lake Bonney, south-eastern South Australia, following discontinuation of chlorine bleaching at the Apcel pulp mill (Kimberly-Clark Australia Pty Ltd) in September 1991. Concentrations of chlorophenolics in samples collected between July 1991 and January 1992 have already been reported. Free chlorophenolic compounds had declined rapidly in lake water by January 1992, but reductions in total concentrations (free and bound) in sediment samples were not observed. Further analyses were conducted between February 1992 and No

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5

Leeuwen, J. A. van, B. C. Nicholson, G. Levay, K. P. Hayes, and D. E. Mulcahy. "Transformation of free tetrachloroguaiacol to bound compounds by fungi isolated from Lake Bonney, south-eastern South Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 48, no. 6 (1997): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf97030.

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Chlorophenolic compounds have persisted in water and sediments of Lake Bonney, south- eastern South Australia, following discontinuation of chlorine bleaching at a sulfite-based pulp mill that discharges effluent into the lake. During assessment of the persistence of chlorophenolics, several species of fungi isolated from lake water and from a drain that discharges mill effluent into the lake were studied for their capacities to degrade these compounds. Epicoccum sp., Mucor circinelloides and Penicillium expansum decreased concentrations of the free form of tetrachloroguaiacol in a mineral-sal

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6

Xie, Tian Min, Katarina Abrahamsson, Elisabet Fogelqvist, and Bjoern Josefsson. "Distribution of chlorophenolics in a marine environment." Environmental Science & Technology 20, no. 5 (1986): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00147a003.

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7

Oikarp, Aimo, Jussi V. K. Kukkonen, and Päivi Vuorikari. "Can biliary chlorophenolics represent their tissue residues in fish?" Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 69, no. 1-2 (1999): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772249909358687.

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8

Xie, Tian-Min, and Zi-Jian Lu. "A preliminary study of chlorophenolics in nonwood pulp bleaching effluents." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 2, no. 2 (1987): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-1987-02-02-p056-060.

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9

Kulovaara, M., L. Kronberg, and G. Pensar. "Recoveries of some chlorophenolics and resin acids from humic water." Science of The Total Environment 62 (January 1987): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(87)90512-2.

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10

Choudhary, Ashutosh Kumar, Satish Kumar, and Chhaya Sharma. "Removal of Chlorophenolics From Pulp and Paper Mill Wastewater Through Constructed Wetland." Water Environment Research 85, no. 1 (2013): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143012x13415215907419.

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11

Sharma, C., and S. Kumar. "Detection of chlorophenolics in effluents from bleaching processes of rice-straw pulp." Journal of Environmental Monitoring 1, no. 6 (1999): 569–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a905053a.

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12

Martin, Vincent J. J., B. Kent Burnison, Hung Lee, and L. Mark Hewitt. "Chlorophenolics from High Molecular Weight Chlorinated Organics Isolated from Bleached Kraft Mill Effluents." Holzforschung 49, no. 5 (1995): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hfsg.1995.49.5.453.

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13

Igbinosa, Etinosa O., Emmanuel E. Odjadjare, Vincent N. Chigor, et al. "Toxicological Profile of Chlorophenols and Their Derivatives in the Environment: The Public Health Perspective." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/460215.

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Chlorophenol compounds and their derivatives are ubiquitous contaminants in the environment. These compounds are used as intermediates in manufacturing agricultural chemicals, pharmaceuticals, biocides, and dyes. Chlorophenols gets into the environment from a variety of sources such as industrial waste, pesticides, and insecticides, or by degradation of complex chlorinated hydrocarbons. Thermal and chemical degradation of chlorophenols leads to the formation of harmful substances which constitute public health problems. These compounds may cause histopathological alterations, genotoxicity, mut

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14

Parker, Wayne J., Grahame J. Farquhar, and Eric R. Hall. "Removal of chlorophenolics and toxicity during high-rate anaerobic treatment of segregated kraft mill bleach plant effluents." Environmental Science & Technology 27, no. 9 (1993): 1783–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00046a004.

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15

McFarlane, Paul N., Robert W. Allison, Thomas A. Clark, and Keith L. Mackie. "The Effects of Chlorination Conditions on the AOX and Chlorinated Phenol Content of Kraft Bleach Plant Wastewaters." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 3-4 (1991): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0462.

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A central composite experimental design was used to develop models of the yields of Adsorbable Organic Halide (AOX) and chlorophenolic compounds in wastewaters produced by bleaching oxygen delignified kraft pulps. The following five variables were used to control the bleaching conditions: total available chlorine, chlorine dioxide substitution, incoming kappa number, chlorination time and temperature. The total available chlorine and the chlorine dioxide substitution were the most important parameters in all the models developed. The yields (g.tonne−1) of AOX and total chlorophenolic compounds

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16

Hostachy, J. C., G. Lenon, J. L. Pisicchio, C. Coste, and C. Legay. "Reduction of pulp and paper mill pollution by ozone treatment." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 2-3 (1997): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0533.

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The pulp and paper industry is facing more stringent regulations on the quality of effluent discharges to receiving waters, especially for bleached pulp mills. In most cases, these regulations concern mainly AOX concentrations, biotoxicity and COD level in the final discharges. An effective way to improve pollution balance would be to use ozone as an external treatment to meet environmental regulations. The first part of this work has consisted in the identification of the polluting steps in pulp and paper mill processes in terms of toxic effects. After identification, effluents streams that c

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17

Herve, Sirpa. "Monitoring of Organochlorine Compounds in Finnish Inland Waters Polluted by Pulp and Paper Effluents Using the Mussel Incubation Method." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 3-4 (1991): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0495.

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In the summer of 1988 a full-scale monitoring of chlorohydrocarbons, chlorophenols and aromatic chloroethers was carried out in the freshwater recipients of pulp and paper industry using the mussel incubation method, which has been developed and tested in Finland since 1984. The total number of incubation stations was 40. The results showed that the highest concentrations of chlorophenols originating from pulp bleaching processes were found in the vicinity of pulp mills with no biological waste-water treatment plant. Other chlorophenolic compounds – airborne or mainly originating from chloro-d

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18

Servos, M. R., J. H. Carey, M. L. Ferguson, et al. "Impact of a Modernized Bleached Kraft Mill on White Sucker Populations in the Spanish River, Ontario." Water Quality Research Journal 27, no. 3 (1992): 423–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1992.029.

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Abstract The impact of effluent from a modern bleached kraft pulp mill was examined on the Spanish River, Ontario. The mill utilizes oxygen deligniflcation, chlorine dioxide substitution, and secondary treatment (aerated lagoon) resulting in the production of &lt; 1.5 kg AOX/air dried metric tonne (ADMT) of pulp. However, the relatively low river flow results in an AOX concentration in the receiving waters of approximately 0.15 mg/L, similar to the level reported for other sites receiving both treated and untreated bleached kraft mill effluents. There was only a minimal reduction in the co

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19

Sojo, Luis E., and Joyce Djauhari. "Determination of chlorophenolics in waters by membrane solid-phase extraction: comparison between C18 and activated carbon membranes and between modes of extraction and elution." Journal of Chromatography A 840, no. 1 (1999): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00186-7.

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20

Yang, Chu-Fang, Chi-Mei Lee, and Chun-Chin Wang. "Degradation of Chlorophenols Using Pentachlorophenol-Degrading Bacteria Sphingomonas chlorophenolica in a Batch Reactor." Current Microbiology 51, no. 3 (2005): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-005-4481-1.

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21

Tripathi, Sandeep Kumar, Nishi Kant Bhardwaj, and Himadri Roy Ghatak. "Effect of introducing ozone in elemental chlorine free bleaching of pulp on generation of chlorophenolic compounds." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 35, no. 4 (2020): 559–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2020-0062.

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AbstractEffect of using ozone before elemental chlorine free (ECF) bleaching of oxygen delignified wheat straw pulp produced following soda-anthraquinone pulping on bleaching effluent and pulp properties was studied. The effluent generated during bleaching of pulp contains high amount of adsorbable organic halogens (AOX), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and highly toxic chlorophenolic compounds. This study is aimed to utilise green chemistry approach during bleaching of one of the abundantly used agro residue wheat straw for improving the quality of bleaching effl

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22

Söderström, M., C. A. Wachtmeister, and L. Förlin. "Analysis of chlorophenolics from bleach kraft mill effluents (BKME) in bile of perch ( ) from the Baltic Sea and development of an analytical procedure also measuring chlorocatechols." Chemosphere 28, no. 9 (1994): 1701–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(94)90427-8.

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23

Niggemyer, Allison, Stefan Spring, Erko Stackebrandt, and R. Frank Rosenzweig. "Isolation and Characterization of a Novel As(V)-Reducing Bacterium: Implications for Arsenic Mobilization and the Genus Desulfitobacterium." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 12 (2001): 5568–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.12.5568-5580.2001.

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ABSTRACT Dissimilatory arsenate-reducing bacteria have been implicated in the mobilization of arsenic from arsenic-enriched sediments. An As(V)-reducing bacterium, designated strain GBFH, was isolated from arsenic-contaminated sediments of Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. Strain GBFH couples the oxidation of formate to the reduction of As(V) when formate is supplied as the sole carbon source and electron donor. Additionally, strain GBFH is capable of reducing As(V), Fe(III), Se(VI), Mn(IV) and a variety of oxidized sulfur species. 16S ribosomal DNA sequence comparisons reveal that strain GBFH is clo

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24

Miethling, R., and U. Karlson. "Accelerated Mineralization of Pentachlorophenol in Soil upon Inoculation with Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum PCP1 and Sphingomonas chlorophenolica RA2." Applied and environmental microbiology 62, no. 12 (1996): 4361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.62.12.4361-4366.1996.

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25

Liu, Li, Hai-xia Liu, Yi Li, Xue-mei Wang, and Xin-zhen Du. "Evaluation of the Counter Ions in Doped Porous Polyaniline Coatings on Stainless Steel Wires for Solid Phase Microextraction of Chlorophenolics in Water Combined with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography." Analytical Letters 47, no. 15 (2014): 2508–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2014.915405.

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26

Frias, Janice A., Jack E. Richman, and Lawrence P. Wackett. "C29 Olefinic Hydrocarbons Biosynthesized by Arthrobacter Species." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 6 (2009): 1774–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02547-08.

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ABSTRACT Arthrobacter aurescens TC1, Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus A6, Arthrobacter crystallopoietes, and Arthrobacter oxydans produce long-chain monoalkenes, predominantly cis-3,25-dimethyl-13-heptacosene. Four other Arthrobacter strains did not form alkenes. The level of cis-3,25-dimethyl-13-heptacosene in Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus A6 remained proportional to cell mass during growth. cis-3,25-Dimethyl-13-heptacosene did not support growth of A. chlorophenolicus A6.

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27

Lathifah, A. N., A. A. Asmara, F. A. N. Alfisyahr, and F. B. Maziya. "Potency of Indigenous Bacteria of Mt. Merapi, Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus for Chromium (VI) Bioremediation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 933, no. 1 (2021): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/933/1/012011.

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Abstract Chromium (VI) in the production process, such as textile, tannery, and electroplating industry, produce hazardous waste when disposed of directly into the aquatic environment. Several chromium pollutions cases, not only in water but also in the aquatic organism, occurred in some regions in Indonesia. Various methods can reduce the Chromium (VI) waste. One of them is the biological method by employing such kinds of bacteria. Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus is a pioneer bacterium of Mt. Merapi, which can survive in the minimum conditions of the bacterial primary nutrients, carbon, and nit

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28

Cai, Mian, and Luying Xun. "Organization and Regulation of Pentachlorophenol-Degrading Genes in Sphingobium chlorophenolicum ATCC 39723." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 17 (2002): 4672–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.17.4672-4680.2002.

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ABSTRACT The first three enzymes of the pentachlorophenol (PCP) degradation pathway in Sphingobium chlorophenolicum (formerly Sphingomonas chlorophenolica) ATCC 39723 have been characterized, and the corresponding genes, pcpA, pcpB, and pcpC, have been individually cloned and sequenced. To search for new genes involved in PCP degradation and map the physical locations of the pcp genes, a 24-kb fragment containing pcpA and pcpC was completely sequenced. A putative LysR-type transcriptional regulator gene, pcpM, and a maleylacetate reductase gene, pcpE, were identified upstream of pcpA. pcpE was

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29

Stuthridge, T. R., D. N. Campin, A. G. Langdon, K. L. Mackie, P. N. McFarlane, and A. L. Wilkins. "Treatability of Bleached Kraft Pulp and Paper Mill Wastewaters in a New Zealand Aerated Lagoon Treatment System." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 3-4 (1991): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0487.

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The effectiveness of the two biological treatment systems operating at a New Zealand bleached kraft softwood integrated pulp and paper mill was assessed. The two systems operate in different configurations. Treatment system A, which receives general mill wastewaters and chlorination stage bleaching discharges utilises deep, aerated lagoons and has a 4.5 day retention time. Treatment system B, which receives alkali extraction bleaching wastewaters and foul condensates, uses a lagoon system with a retention time of 45 days. Detailed chemical analyses of the untreated and treated wastewaters were

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30

Wittmann, C., A.-P. Zeng, and W.-D. Deckwer. "Physiological characterization and cultivation strategies of the pentachlorophenol-degrading bacteria Sphingomonas chlorophenolica RA2 and Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum PCP-1." Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 21, no. 6 (1998): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900595.

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31

HAGGLBLOM, M. M., L. J. NOHYNEK, N. J. PALLERONI, et al. "Transfer of Polychlorophenol-Degrading Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus (Apajalahti et al. 1986) to the Genus Mycobacterium as Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum comb. nov." International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 44, no. 3 (1994): 485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-44-3-485.

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32

HAGGBLOM, M. M., L. J. NOHYNEK, N. J. PALLERONI, et al. "Transfer of Polychlorophenol-Degrading Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus (Apajalahti et al. 1986) to the Genus Mycobacterium as Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum comb. nov." International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 44, no. 4 (1994): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-44-4-854a.

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33

You, C. N., and J. C. Liu. "Desorptive behavior of chlorophenols in contaminated soils." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 6 (1996): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0105.

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A study was conducted to assess the desorptive behavior of chlorophenols in contaminated soils. Two soils spiked with three types of chlorophenols, i.e., 2,6-dichlorophenol (DCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), and pentachlorophenol (PCP), respectively, were examined. The effects of pH, methanol, surfactants, and soil properties were investigated. Amount of three chlorophenols desorbed from soils increased with increasing pH. Deprotonated chlorophenols were more mobile than their conjugate acids. When methanol was added to the soil-water system, the amount of chlorophenols desorbed increased. Th

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34

Saboo, Vandana M., and Michael A. Gealt. "Gene sequences of the pcpB gene of pentachlorophenol-degrading Sphingomonas chlorophenolica found in nondegrading bacteria." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 44, no. 7 (1998): 667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w98-055.

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Bacteria isolated from a pentachlorophenol (PCP) contaminated site grew in the presence of 50 µg PCP/mL but were not able to degrade it in either liquid medium or the presence of 1% sterile potting soil as a solid support. Probes developed using the gene sequence of PCP-4-monooxygenase (pcpB) from Sphingomonas chlorophenolica sp.nov hybridized to two separate isolates. Identification based on fatty acid methyl ester profiles (Sherlock), substrate utilization (BIOLOG), and 16S rRNA showed that the two strains were different from each other and from Sphingomonas chlorophenolica. Sequences from

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35

Liu, J. C., and P. S. Chang. "Solubility and adsorption behaviors of chlorophenols in the presence of surfactant." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 7 (1997): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0268.

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The solubility of chlorophenols as affected by surfactant was investigated. Three kinds of surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate, Triton X-100, and Brij 35, were utilized. The solubilization of chlorophenols by surfactant follows the order of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol &gt; 2,4-dichlorophenol &gt; 2,6-dichlorophenol &gt; 2-chlorophenol; and the critical micelle concentration is an important index. The adsorption reactions of 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6- trichlorophenol onto hydrous montmorillonite in the presence of surfactant were examined. The presence of surfactant decreased the adsorp

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36

Chen, Xiurong, Yuan Wang, Qiuyue Li, et al. "Contrast of sludge toxicity variation during treatment of wastewater containing mixed chlorophenols and single chlorophenol." Environmental Engineering Research 26, no. 5 (2020): 200335–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2020.335.

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To address problems associated with the potential toxicity of sludge when it is applied in land utilization, this study investigated the variations by which activated sludge becomes toxic when fed with wastewater containing mixed chlorophenols, and compared variations in sludge toxicity due to inputs of mixed chlorophenols and single chlorophenol groups. In this study, 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) and mixed chlorophenols which consist of both 4-CP and 2,4,6-TCP were studied in sequencing batch reactors (SBR). The results indicate that in 0-30 d, the toxicity of slud

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37

Ziajka, Józef, and Krzysztof J. Rudzinski. "Autoxidation of SIV inhibited by chlorophenols reacting with sulfate radicals." Environmental Chemistry 4, no. 5 (2007): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en07045.

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Environmental context. Chlorophenols pollute natural waters and soils, as well as urban waste water systems. Although toxic and carcinogenic to animals and humans, a detailed knowledge of their action is limited. A new approach to effective degradation in the environment is advanced oxidation processes with sulfate radicals. The radicals can originate from the oxidation of sulfur dioxide or sulfites to make these common pollutants and food additives interact with chlorophenols. The main goal of this work is to determine rate constants for reactions of these chlorophenols with sulfate radicals

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38

Diserens, Jean-Marc. "Rapid Determination of Nineteen Chlorophenols in Wood, Paper, Cardboard, Fruits, and Fruit Juices by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 84, no. 3 (2001): 853–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/84.3.853.

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Abstract Although the use of pentachlorophenol (PCP) is prohibited in most countries, it is still widely found in the wood of pallets, containers, crates and in cardboard, paper, etc. Such material may contain not only PCP but other chlorophenols as well. Wooden crates and cardboard boxes are often used to store and transport fresh fruits. Consequently, chlorophenols present in the wood may contaminate the stored fruits by migration. To ascertain that packaging, storage material, and fruit raw materials are free from chlorophenol residues, we developed a rapid and sensitive method for the dete

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39

Swami, Kamal, and Rajinder S. Narang. "Analysis of Chlorophenols in air at the Nanogram-per-Cubic-Meter-Level." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 77, no. 5 (1994): 1304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/77.5.1304.

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Abstract A gas chromatographic (GC) method for the analysis of chlorophenols in air at the nanogram-per-cubic-meter level was developed. Chlorophenols were trapped on Porapak-N, eluted with methanol, and then derivatized before GC analysis.

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40

McAllister, P. J., S. M. Rao Bhamidimarri, R. Chong, and G. J. Manderson. "Biological Treatment of a Landfill Leachate Containing Phenoxy Herbicides and Chlorophenols." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 1-3 (1991): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0440.

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A biological treatment process has been developed for a landfill leachate containing phenoxyacetic acid herbicides and their associated chlorophenols. The mixed microbial population (Pseudomonas sp.) enriched from soil was capable of mineral ising the key phenoxy components and has been found to be stable over 700 days in continuous culture, removing 99.5 % of phenoxies and 96.7 % of chlorophenols. Toxicity tests using D.magna and Microtox systems have shown a 90 % reduction in toxicity by biological treatment. A laboratory activated sludge system was developed resulting in complete degradatio

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41

Yu, Yue-Hwa, and Szu-Tsong Hu. "Preoxidation of Chlorophenolic Wastewaters for their Subsequent Biological Treatment." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 9 (1994): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0499.

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Industrial wastewaters containing chlorophenolic compounds exhibit various degrees of resistance to biodegradation. Preoxidation of these wastewaters by using ozone as the chemical oxidant has been found previously to be quite effective in promoting their biodegradabilities. This study was made to further investigate whether or not preozonation taking place under different pH conditions would bring about different effects over the following activated-sludge treatment systems. The results indicate that the pH conditions set for the preozonation step did play significant roles in the subsequent

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42

Hall, K. J., and C. Jacob. "Biconcentration of Chlorophenols by Leeches and Their Use as In Situ Biological Monitors." Water Quality Research Journal 23, no. 1 (1988): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1988.006.

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Abstract Leeches were used as in situ monitors of the biological availability of Chlorophenols to estimate the degree of contamination in the North Arm of the Fraser River Estuary, British Columbia, where several forest industry operations use Chlorophenols as wood preservatives. A large spatial and temporal variation was observed in the concentration of 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol (&lt;0.01-15.20 μg·lࢤ1) and pentachlorophenol (&lt;0.01-2.80 μg·lࢤ1) in a series of grab and composite water samples. This demonstrated the sporadic nature of releases and the need for an integrative assessmen

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Krahn, Peter K., and Julie A. Shrimpton. "Stormwater Related Chlorophenol Releases from Seven Wood Protection Facilities in British Columbia." Water Quality Research Journal 23, no. 1 (1988): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1988.004.

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Abstract Stormwater run-off at five sawmills and two lumber export terminals was collected and analyzed for 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol and pentachlorophenol. Leaching from treated lumber began after 1.0 to 1.5 mm of continuous rainfall. Dip treated lumber leached up to 158,000 micrograms per litre (ug/L) and generated runoff with up to 6,600 ug/L total Chlorophenols. Low pressure sprayed lumber leached up to 576,000 ug/L total Chlorophenols and generated runoff with up to 27,000 ug/L. High pressure sprayed lumber leached up to 9,800 ug/L and generated average yard runoff up to 1,968 ug/L total

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Yang, Jyisy, and Chung-Jay Lee. "Development of the Infrared Hollow Waveguide Sampler for the Detection of Chlorophenols in Aqueous Solutions." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 85, no. 1 (2002): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/85.1.163.

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Abstract A method based on the infrared hollow waveguide sampler was developed for sensing chlorophenols in aqueous solutions. This sampler was constructed by coating a suitable hydrophobic film onto the inner surface of an infrared hollow waveguide. By passing the aqueous solution through the hollow waveguide sampler, analytes can be absorbed into the hydrophobic layer. The adsorbed analytes can be sensed later by using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Six hydrophobic polymers were investigated for their performance in conjunction with the infrared hollow waveguide sampler for the det

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Van Leeuwen, JA, BC Nicholson, and KP Hayes. "Distribution of chlorophenolic compounds, from a pulp mill, in Lake Bonney, South Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 44, no. 6 (1993): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9930825.

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Water and sediment samples from Lake Bonney (south-eastern South Australia) were collected at various distances from the effluent discharge point of a sulfite-based pulp mill and analysed for chlorophenolic compounds. The period of sample collection (July 1991 to January 1992) occurred during a time when bleaching process of the mill was being converted from using molecular chlorine to using hydrogen peroxide. In water samples, the major chlorophenolic compounds detected were 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, tetrachlorocatechol and chlorinated guaiacols. In sediment samples, the major chlorophenolic com

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WANG, Ze-Sheng, and He-Wei MA. "Improved Method for Accurate and Efficient Analysis of Chlorophenols in Leather Compared with Conventional Steam Distillation Operation Specified by ISO 1707:2015." Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association 117, no. 8 (2022): 344–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v117i8.5985.

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An improved analytical method was built based on the conventional standard method ISO 17070-2015 for the determination of 19 chlorophenols in leather. This developed method involved ultrasonic assisted extraction using methanol containing formic acid, derivatization using acetic anhydride, solid-phase extraction (SPE) cleanup with silica-gel cartridge. Final analysis of the chlorophenols compounds was performed by Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Optimum conditions for sample extraction, such as time, temperature and formic acid content in methanol were studied. Satisfactory rec

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Liu, Feng Bin, Guang Ping He, and Ming Zhao. "Cyclic Voltammograms of Chlorophenol Oxidation on Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 956–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.956.

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The electrochemical behaviors of several chlorophenols were investigated on boron-doped diamond thin film electrode. 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol solutions were prepared as the electrolyte. Such four chlorophenols with various number of chlorine atoms in the benzene ring were studied by cyclic voltammetry at different scan rates between –1V to 2.5V (vs. MSE). The results indicated that the reactions of the 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol at the diamond electrode are irreversible and under diffusion control. The irr

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Ekberg, O. "Literature review of fungi in buildings and their ability to methylate chlorophenols into malodorous chloroanisoles." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, no. 1 (2021): 012207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012207.

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Abstract A source of indoor malodor in older buildings are chloroanisoles, a methylation from chlorophenols. Chlorophenols were commonly used in wood preservatives 50 years ago which were used to treat construction details exposed to high moisture loads. The methylation process requires a methylator in the form of fungi or bacteria in conjunction with adequate growth conditions for said fungi. The food industry has a history of issues with chloroanisoles contaminating different food items. There have been studies made on fungi species found in the packaging materials or surfaces in proximity a

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Negash, Negussie, Hailemichael Alemu, and Merid Tessema. "Determination of Phenol and Chlorophenols at Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode Using Flow Injection Amperometry." ISRN Analytical Chemistry 2014 (April 16, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/926213.

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Phenol and chlorophenols were investigated using single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) composite modified glassy carbon electrode (SWCNT/PEDOT/GCE) as a detector in flow injection system. Optimization of experimental variables such as the detection potential, flow rate, and pH of the carrier solution (0.1 M sodium acetate) for the determination of phenol (P), 4-chlorophenol (CP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), and pentachlorophenol (PCP) were performed. Under these conditions, analytical parameters were calculated from the cal

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Artemyanov, Andrey P., та Larisa A. Zemskova. "СHLOROPHENOLS REMOVAL FROM SOLUTION USING ADSORPTION AND OXIDATION IN PRESENCE OF ACTIVATED CARBON FIBER". IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 62, № 6 (2019): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196206.5821.

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Adsorption and catalytic decomposition of 3- and 4-chlorophenols in the presence of hydrogen peroxide were studied for estimation of efficiency of the adsorption and catalytic methods for purification of solutions from chlorophenols related to special group of the priority toxic water pollutants. Activated carbon fiber and fiber modified with iron/iron oxide having highly developed surface and porous structure were used as the adsorbents. It was shown that adsorption of chlorophenols on the initial carbon fiber was higher as compared to the modified one and equaled to 309 mg/g for 3-chlorophen

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