Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chlorophénols – Adsorption – Modèles mathématiques'
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Hamdaoui, Oualid. "Contribution à l'étude et à la modélisation des phénomènes d'adsorption-désorption de composés organiques sur charbon actif en grain en l'absence et en présence d'ultrasons." Chambéry, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CHAMS047.
Full textThe aim of this work is to study and model the adsorption of phenol and chlorophenols onto granular activated carbon and to specify the feasibility of using ultrasound to enhance the desorption of these organic compounds from the adsorbent. The study and modeling of the adsorption kinetics of phenolic compounds on activated carbon show that the two limiting stages of adsorption are the transport through the boundary layer and intraparticle diffusion. Isotherm modeling reveals that adsorption is in monolayer and it is carried out in definite and localised sites, the already occupied sites do not authorize the fixation of other molecules of adsorbate, the adsorbed phenolic molecules are pushed back and thus there is no association between them and the adsorption is carried out on energitecly different sites. The effects of ultrasound of various frequencies and intensities on adsorption-desorption processes of 4-chlorophenol on granular activated carbon were studied and discussed. Adsorption capacities obtained in the presence of ultrasound are lower than that observed in the absence of the ultrasonic field and they are inversely proportional to ultrasound intensity. Comparison of kinetic curves shows that the adsorption rate of 4-chlorophenol is higher in the presence of ultrasound. The desorption of 4-chlorophenol from the granular activated carbon surface was studied in the absence and presence of ultrasound of various frequencies and powers. The desorption rates obtained in the presence of ultrasonic field are largely higher than those observed in the absence of ultrasound. The amount of 4-chlorophenol desorbed increases with the intensity of ultrasound. Addition of naoh and/or ethanol to the system involves an increase of the amount of 4-chlorophenol desorbed, especially in the presence of ultrasound. The influence of ultrasound on desorption consists of their thermal and non-thermal effects. Sonochemical and sonophotochemical methods of regeneration of the activated carbon saturated with phenolic compound are very promising techniques which simultaneously lead to mineralize the organic compound and to regenerate the activated carbon. These techniques do not modify the specific surface and the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon after several cycles of adsorption-regeneration
Popescu, R̆azvan Ștefan. "Modélisation du comportement des filtres en charbon actif utilisés pour l'épuration de l'air intérieur." La Rochelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LAROS238.
Full textIndoor air cleaning by adsorption offers interesting solutions which haven’t been optimized, exploited and not even explored. The models of activated carbon filter systems take into consideration the mixture of several pollutants characterized by low concentrations, variable composition in time, temperature and humidity. All these properties are determining the operating criteria like the designing or endurance of those systems. The first part of the paper presents a synthesized biographical study upon the chemical and physical phenomenon which are typical for the filtration processes by adsorption. The second part presents the models developed in Matlab/Simulink software by taking into account the simplified hypothesis applied for the particularities of indoor air cleaning. First isothermal and dry conditions were modeled and then the effects of humidity and temperature influence. Finally the last part describes the simulations realized with the developed models. Mono and multi compound models for dry and isothermal conditions were compared with the experimental data for 6 pollutants measured at Ecole des Mines d’Ales. The influence of humidity was studied separately making a comparison between two models proposed in the present paper. In the end the last simulations show the potential of activated carbon filters to improve the indoor air quality
Roussel, Thomas. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation de la propagation d'une onde de concentration alcaline issue d'une matrice cimentière à travers l'argilite du site du Laboratoire Meuse Haute-Marne." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL578N.
Full textHurel, Charlotte. "Rétention d'éléments trace sur une bentonite : étude expérimentale et modélisation." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE5801.
Full textRadioactive waste storage in deep underground is studied in France. The alteration of the radioactive waste can mobilise the elements which can migrate to the geosphere. Clays (bentonite) are investigated as major materials constituting the barriers because of their low permeability and high retention capacity. A thermodynamic surface complexation model, based on the site additivity principle was investigated, in order to predict the adsorption behaviour of pollutants in contact with clay. The principle allows an independent determination of each parameter of the model, limiting the fitting procedure of correlated data, and it allows the use of an adsorption thermodynamic database for a solid. The predictions obtained were un good accordance with experimental data. The model could then be applied successfully in performance assessment
Abiven, David. "Asorption de pesticides sur charbon actif : acquisition et étude des paramètres d'équilibre et de cinétique. Mise en oeuvre du lit fluidisé en continu." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10044.
Full textMadrau, Stéphane. "Caractérisation des adsorbants pour la purification de l'hydrogène par adsorption modulée en pression." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL136N.
Full textPressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) is a gas separation and purification process. It is based on the difference of adsorption capacity of a porous medium under different pressures. The performance determination of a specific adsorbent in such a process is a difficult problem, commonly solved by building a scaled-down process and by evaluating the adsorbent by experiments. This method requires time and is generally expensive. An other approach for evaluating the solid is purely numeric simulation. But the simulation of a complete PSA system is difficult, because of the large number of physical parameters and phenomena involved. A simple evaluation method would therefore be useful, at [east in the case of Hydrogen purification by PSA. This work is composed of both experimental and numeric studies, and shows that developing a simplified PSA model in parallel with some experiments can provide a good level of representation of the process. Evaluation of adsorbent performance with a simplified method consists in the determination of the dynamic working capacity of the solid in successive adsorption and desorption steps in cycles. The results of this method are in good agreement with the results of a complete simulated PSA. It also has the advantage of being less CPU-intensive and of giving results about parameters that are difficult to obtain by experience only
Ma, Qiang. "Etude sur le transport d'énergie thermique à bas niveau à longues distances par procédé d'absorption ammoniac-eau." Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAMS016.
Full textIn this thesis, the object is to evaluate the potentials and the performances of the ammonia-water absorption processes in the transportation of low-grade thermal energy over long distance. First of all, it contains the already employed systems for the transportation of low-grade thermal energy over long distance and understands their limitations. After this state-of-the-art introduction, the mathematical model of the ammonia-water absorption system is presented. The analysis of the performance of the transportation of low-grade thermal energy over long distance with this kind of systems is detailed. The output temperatures ranges are presented. The impact of the transportation process on the performance is studied. The investment cost of the transportation pipes was evaluated. Novel ammonia-water absorption cycles are proposed for the revalorization of the low-grade thermal energy. And then, a small-scale prototype is installed to experimentally verifier the thermodynamic feasibility. In order to complete the study, the economical analysis is realized
Tetelin, Angélique. "Caractérisation et modélisation de la réponse transitoire d'un capteur d'humidité à couche sensible polymère." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR16016.
Full textThis work presents the characterization and modelling of the transient response of a capacitive humidity sensor. The sensitive layer of the sensor consists in a benzocyclobutene (BCB) polymer film. Analytical physical and behavioural models of the sensor were developed on the basis of the theory of sorption and diffusion of gases in polymers, and on the study of the capacitive structure of the sensor. These models were validated by experiments and numerical simulations. They allow the prediction of the transient response of the sensor when exposed to the specific humidity conditions of human breath for medical application. They also provide strategies to shorten the response time of the sensor. Finally, these models were used to predict moisture diffusion in BCB adhesive films for wafer-level MEMS packaging
Saeung, Somchai. "Contribution à l'étude des machines frigorifiques à adsorption-compression." Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/prive/SCD_T_2006_0134_SAEUNG.pdf.
Full textLeinekugel-Le-Cocq, Damien. "Contribution à la modélisation dynamique simplifiée d'un procédé d'adsorption modulée en pression (PSA)." Lyon 1, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/05/09/48/PDF/these.pdf.
Full textOne of the objectives of this study was to build a model able to predict the transient comportment and to quickly estimate the state of the Pressure Swing Adsorption (P. S. A. ) processes at the cyclic steady state. Computing time problems are still encountered today, whereas a fast and reliable simulator is necessary for the process,optimal dimensioning and even for its control. Two approaches were so adopted. The first one consists in accelerating the simulation of each step of the cycle by simplifying the model of bidispersed pellet of adsorbent. The approach used to simplify the pellet model is close to the one used to establish the traditional model of « Linear Driving Force ». The influence on the model structure of the state variables choice, as well as the influence of space distribution of resistances to the mass transfer in the pellet have been studied. The column global model based on this pellet model led to simulations of breakthrough curves in good agreement with those in the literature. The second approach is based on the approximation of the cyclic process by an equivalent continuous process. The simulator obtained can estimate almost instantly the transient comportment and the cyclic steady state of the system. For kinetic separations, simulations using this model are in good agreement with those obtained using a traditional cyclic model. The other objective of this work was to design a P. S. A. Pilot, entirely controlled by computer, which allows to follow the outlet compositions, as well as temperature profiles in each column. An experimental study has been done on this pilot. It relates to the separation of methane and carbon dioxide mixtures on a zeolite 5A. This study, associated with the experimental results in the literature, validates our first model
Ouartassi, Bajil. "Etude numérique de la dynamique des transferts couplés au sein d'un milieu poreux." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10039/document.
Full textThis thesis is a development of numerical methods for solving differential equations of balance sheets and optimization settings applied to problems of simultaneous transfers of mass and / or heat in a porous medium such as natural wood materiel. Based on the overview of numerical methods for solving differential equations, and partial differential equations for n parameters optimization, some of these methods are developed for two physical and chemical processes and examined for different practical experiments carried out in LERMAB laboratory. The first application focuses on the dynamics of isothermal transfer of water during the wood frying in the hygroscopic field. In this case the proposed modeling can show that for certain wood species, diffusionnels transfers of water in the gas phase and adsorbed phase are not necessarily realized under conditions where thermodynamic equilibrium between the two phases is provided. The second application focuses on modeling the slow pyrolysis of wood spices heated by conduction between two plates which temperatures varies between 150 ° C and 240 ° C. The curves giving the temperature in the heightened and the loss of mass are well represented by the proposed kinetic and transfer models. However, this application allows highlighting the limits of optimization methods in the presence of a large number of parameters to determine some of them are coupled
Fallou, Hélène. "Adsorption sur des tissus de carbone activé de micropolluants émergents à l'état de traces dans les eaux : Traitements multi-échelles et modélisation." Rennes, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCR0027.
Full textNowadays, several studies have shown the occurrence of emerging pollutants into aquatic compartments. These compounds are not totally removed using conventional treatments. Adsorption processes are promising to remove these undesirable polluants. The first part of our study focuses on the determination of adsorption kinetics and isotherms of 9 compounds, onto activated carbon fiber cloths (ACFC). These experiments were carried out using batch reactors under synthetic and environmental conditions (i. E. Initial concentrations of 1 μg. L-1 and in the presence of natural organic matter). Competitions of adsorption with natural organic matter were especially critical at trace concentrations (decrease between 30 and 95 % of the adsorption capacities at equilibrium concentration of 1 μg. L-1, with 2 mgC. L-1). The competition with the organic matter led to a large decrease of the surface diffusivity. Then, the second part is dedicated to the efficiency of the adsorption process using a fixed-bed of ACFC. Breakthrough curves were experimentally determined and simulated using fundamental parameters obtained from batch-scale experiments. An adsorption pilot, with a flow of 50 L. H-1, was carried out to treat polluted waters (C0 = 1μg. L-1). This pilot is used to study a chronical pollution removal. Various operating conditions were tested and their influence was evaluated: the type of water (tap water, surface water with different contents of natural organic matter), the velocity of the liquid phase through the filter, and the type of ACFC. Adsorption capacities are impacted by the dynamic conditions and the potential development of a biofilm on the surface of material
Bintein, Sylvain. "Optimisation et validation de CHEMFRANCE : un modèle régional de fugacité niveau III appliqué à la France." Metz, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1996/Bintein.Sylvain.SMZ9630.pdf.
Full textThe elaboration of a bilinear relationship between the n-octanol/water partition coefficient (log P) and the accumulation of chemicals in fish allowed to simulate more accurately the bioconcentration potential of very lipophilic molecules. The soil and sediment adsorption of ionized and non-ionized chemicals has been modeled by a regression equation integrating log P, the ionization potential of compounds, the percentage of organic carbon and the pH of the substrates. The incorporation of these two equations in CHEMFRANCE allowed to increase the domain of application of this regional level III fugacity model applied to France. Studies performed on lindane and atrazine underlined the high simulation potential of this model for these pesticides. Last, comparative analyses of structure-bioconcentration and structure-adsorption relationships using log P as molecular descriptor were performed in order to test the usefulness of the models we proposed
Taghizadeh, Mazandarani Majid. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation de l'absorption réactive non isotherme dans un film laminaire sphérique." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10128.
Full textDudamel, Wilmer. "Modélisation et simulation de l'influence de la température lors de l'adsorption de micropolluants organiques par du charbon actif dans les eaux naturelles." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S024.
Full textHendou, Mouloud. "Contribution à la modélisation des tranferts simultanés lors de l'absorption de gaz tracés par une pulvérisation : application à la dépollution atmosphérique." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT038G.
Full textClausse, Marc. "ÉTUDE D'UN PROCÉDÉ D'ADSORPTION TSA (Temperature Swing Adsorption)À CHAUFFAGE ET REFROIDISSEMENT INDIRECTS." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011559.
Full textJolimaitre, Elsa. "Étude et modélisation de l'adsorption et du transfert de matière dans les zéolithes de structure MFI : application à la séparation des hydrocarbures saturés mono et di-branchés." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10305.
Full textRuiz, Thierry. "Eléments de modélisation et contribution expérimentale à l'étude du transport réactif dans un sol non saturé." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20134.
Full textNaghi, Fadi El. "Contribution à l'étude de la pollution par micropolluants (atrazine, benzène) de la nappe de la craie dans le nord de la France : évaluation du risque de pollution des captages d'eau potable d'Étaples et de Blendecques (Pas de Calais)." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_276.pdf.
Full textA partir des résultats précédents et les caractéristiques du site d'Etaples qui présente une contamination en atrazine par utilisation plutôt urbaine qu'agricole, on a estimé les quantités probablement utilisées en se basant sur l'avis des experts ainsi que sur la bibliographie. Un modèle du bassin versant d'Etaples a ainsi été créé. En raison des limites du logiciel MODFLOW qui ne traite pas des problèmes de migration des pesticides, une approche inverse des phénomènes a été utilisée. Il parait de cette recherche que les modèles hydrodynamiques de nappe sont insuffisants pour simuler correctement le comportement de l 'atrazine dans son cheminement du sol vers la nappe, puis au sein de la nappe. Par approches numériques mettant en jeu une modélisation par Réseau de Neurones Artificielles (RNA) puis par correction graphique des résultats, on a pu mettre en évidence le phénomène de dégradation d'une grande partie de l'atrazine épandue, puis l'entraÎnement par lessivage en des pomts singuliers d'infiltration. La migration est donc rapide par cheminement dans le réseau de fissures de la craie à l'occasion de saturation temporaire de celui-ci. D'autre part, une étude de vulnérabilité de la nappe de la craie du bassin versant de l'Aa (Audomarois) est proposée pour des pollutions ponctuelles par un micropolluant type hydrocarbure (le Benzène), dans le but d 'aboutir à une optimisation de la protection des captages du SIDEN France et de la communaUlé d 'agglomération de Sain/-Omer à Blendecques
Besnard, Katia. "Modélisation du transport réactif dans les milieux poreux hétérogènes. Application aux processus d'adsorption cinétique non linéaire." Rennes 1, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006040.
Full textDargent, Christine. "Contribution à la modélisation de la dispersion de polluants : étude de sillages autour d'obstacles de forme parallélépipédique." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT053H.
Full textMontagne-Marcellin, Corinne. "Recherche de molécules organiques complexantes pour la décorporation de l'ion uranyle." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20069.
Full textZhong, Guoming. "Contribution à l'étude de l'adsorption dans une colonne : modélisation et simulation numérique." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD373.
Full textMaaroufi, Maroua. "Modélisation des transferts hygrothermiques dans les matériaux de construction : incidence de l’hystérésis." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LAROS028.
Full textThe present work aims to study the influence of the sorption hysteresis phenomenon on heat and moisture transfer in building materials. In order to achieve this, we first describe the microstructure of materials, which will allow a better understanding of their behavior at the macroscopic scale. Subsequently, numerical simulations of the coupled heat and mass transfers will be conducted, taking into account the real microstructure of the materials using X-rays reconstructed 3D volumes. Several imaging techniques have been used to obtain a fine description of the microstructure of polystyrene concrete and its different phases. The 3D reconstructions of the actual volume were obtained using X-rays micro-tomography, which showed its complex microstructural heterogeneity. Afterwards, we carried out a campaign of macroscopic experimental characterization of the material. It included the determination of the physical and hygrothermal properties of the polystyrene concrete, as well as the impact of temperature and relative humidity on these same properties. Polystyrene concrete shows excellent performance in thermal insulation and heat storage. Later, experiments have been set up in order to better understand the moisture transfer in samples subjected to cyclic stresses, in order to highlight the sorption hysteresis effect. A model of coupled heat and moisture transfers has been developed, taking into account the effect of sorption hysteresis and thus including the hydric history of the material. The results of the numerical simulations were compared to the experimental ones and showed a good match. 3D simulations will be performed on the actual volumes reconstructed by tomography to take into account the heterogeneity of the material
Lesage, Geoffroy. "Etude de l’élimination de substances aromatiques dangereuses dans un procédé couplant adsorption et biodégradation." Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000340/.
Full textOne of the main challenges currently facing environmental conservation is to reduce the discharge of organic micropollutants from industrial liquid outflows. Biological aerobic treatment is the most commonly used treatment, but conventional systems were not conceived with the idea of eliminating micropollutants, these molecules not necessarily being biodegraded. Among the selected substances, the least volatile molecules are also the most hydrophobic (PAHs) and tend to be absorbed mostly on suspended solids or sludge. Conversely, the less hydrophobic but highly volatile molecules, such as BTEX, have a strong tendency to be transferred into the atmosphere during the aeration phase. In the project ANR HYBIOX « hybrid biological practices for improving the breakdown of xenobiotics », hybrid bioreactors based on the addition of mobile and absorbent surfaces in the activated sludge processes are evaluated, so as to better pinpoint these pollutants and to allow flocs and biofilms to co-exist within the same reactor. The coupling of physicochemical and biological phenomena was studied in an SBR. Modelling these phenomena allows us to test hypotheses, predict the optimal operating conditions for stopping a process, and helps with the interpretation of the results. We drew on a model of adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces, developed under Matlab®, and on a model integrating the coupling of phenomena, developed under Aquasim®. The simulations carried out correspond with the experimental results and allow us to conclude that the abiotic elimination mechanisms play a very important role in the “purification results” of the biological aerobic treatment process. Over the course of the treatment, the transfer of BTEX from the liquid phase to the gas compartment was significant (>99% in two hours) and the quantities of PAHs detected in the solid fraction were considerable. The hybrid reactor presents a number of advantages over a classic biological process. On the one hand, the addition of activated carbon grains in the activated sludge process allows us to pinpoint the targeted pollutants and increase their residence time within the process. On the other hand, to reduce their concentration to a non-inhibitory level (if this is the case), and finally to allow the absorption of variations in charge which are common in industrial outflow. For more volatile and less hydrophobic molecules (ex : BTEX), the addition of absorbent particles and the analysis of operational modes which minimize the transfer in the gas phase are the predominant points. We will therefore have to evaluate with which dynamic the adsorbent can bioregenerate in the system
Peng, Hui. "Quelques résultats sur la réduction spatiale et la commande robuste d’un procédé d’adsorption modulée en pression." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10034.
Full textIn this thesis, we focus on modeling, simulation and control of pressure swing adsorption processes (PSA). These PSA processes are cyclic since adsorption phase and desorption phase alternate. These models are usually described by partial differential equations and present fast dynamics and slow dynamics. We study the modeling of a process based on two columns with the use of an monodisperse adsorbent.We propose a classical model that describes the four phases of a cycle of the process on each column and an equivalent continuous countercurrent model. The first model leads to four systems of partial differential equations describing mass balances on the columns for each phase of the cycle. The second model results in a single system of partial differential equations valid for small cycle time. We are also interested in the spatial reduction of column models described by port Hamiltonian formulation of infinite dimensional system. We have shown that the spectrum of such systems can be deduced from the spectrum associated with a canonical structure, the Dirac Stokes structure, using simple geometric transformations. In particular, on a simple model of adsorption column admitting an analytical solution for the calculation of the spectrum, we show that the spectra obtained from a structured discretization method is closer to the original operator spectrum than the one obtained from the finite difference method. This structured discretization method preserves the structure of the interconnection of power exchanges within the system and its borders. We finally proposed a synthesis of robust control law of the PSA process based on a Hammerstein model identified from the classical model between the control, the ratio between the duration of adsorption and desorption and the purity of the product at the output of process. The averaged model over a cycle is described by a linear dynamics with delay and a nonlinear static gain. We have implemented the synthesis of H1 control in the frequency domain using J-spectral factorization. The performance of controller is good with the disturbance on the input composition. A comparison of control performance with proportional integral (PI) control is also proposed
Malandrini, Harold. "Une étude thermodynamique de l'énergie superficielle des solides divisés. Détermination de la tension superficielle de poudres talco-chloriteuses." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20238.
Full textSerafin, Guillaume. "Stratégies optimales de maîtrise de la qualité de l’air dans les bureaux : évaluation du potentiel des matériaux adsorbants." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LAROS001.
Full textThe numerous studies carried out in France and in the rest of the world over the past twenty years have led to consider indoor air quality as a full environmental issue. The challenge of this thesis is the characterization of air quality in office buildings, from its qualification by the selection of relevant indicators to the definition of improvement solutions. It has two components with complementary objectives.The first one deals with the ability of sorptive materials to control indoor air quality. 6 commercially-available products, including 3 paints and 3 gypsum-based materials, were assessed against 6 well-known pollutants. Various experiments were carried out to address the influence of concentration on adsorption rate, the adsorption capacity of the materials, the irreversibility of the adsorption processes, and the decrease in the emissions from the walls when they are coated with sorptive materials. The reduction in formaldehyde concentrations that sorptive materials can provide is then evaluated from simulations of the air quality in a representative office. The model associates a zonal modeling of heat, airflows and pollutant transports in the room volume, and a detailed modeling of pollutants transfers within buildings materials. The simulation results show the influence of the type and arrangement of sorptive materials in the room (ceiling / wall). They also provide relevant information to assess the air cleaning efficiency of these materials by reference to other technical solutions for controlling indoor air quality. The second part of the thesis widens the discussion by tackling the identification of the most relevant pollutants to consider for an objective assessment of indoor air quality in office buildings. 307 substances having concentration measurements have been evaluated with regard to their threshold effects, through the calculation of a risk index (IR), and their carcinogenic, mutagenic reprotoxic or endocrine disruptor (CMRPE) effects, through existing hazard classifications. Among them, 57 are considered as priority contaminants due to their CMRPE classification. 11 others have an IR greater than 1. The graphical representation of the method results allows easy selection and updating of the data, for a more targeted study or a dynamic monitoring of the ranking. 130 substances including some selected as having no or very few concentration data have been measured in 30 office buildings located in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. These measurements were used to complete and refine the ranking based on published data
Monlouis-Bonnaire, Jean-Philippe. "Modélisation numérique des transferts couplés air-eau-sel dans les matériaux cimentaires et les terres cuites." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30135.
Full textChahbani, Mohamed Hachemi. "Séparation de gaz par adsorption modulée en pression : modélisation des écoulements et de la cinétique de transfert de matière." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL108N.
Full textMansour, Rana. "Anthropisation d'un petit bassin versant sahélien : influence sur l'infiltration et le ruissellement." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20185.
Full textMerakeb, Seddik. "Modélisation des structures en bois en environnement variable." Limoges, 2006. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/94578804-9926-46e0-8969-67a4656612ce/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0031.pdf.
Full textMechanical properties of timber constructions depend strongly on moisture content state. In this context, it is shown a mecanosorptive coupling. This climatic environment aspect imposes a hygroscopic behavior modeling in order to estimate moisture content variations by integrating the heat and mass transfer processes. If the effect of moisture content on the mechanical behavior has been studied in the literature, this work enables us to precise effects of mechanical state on the transfer laws by taking into account boundary conditions and diffusion properties. In this context, we propose a thermodynamic and experimental approaches which allow to introduce a realistic coupled transfer algorithm in a finite element software
Rizk, Malak. "Développement, validation et mise en œuvre sur le terrain d’une méthode de caractérisation in-situ des processus de sorption des composés organiques volatils par les matériaux de construction." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10074/document.
Full textIndoor air quality IAQ is a main concern attracting more researches since its impact on environment and human health is becoming obvious. Besides the diversity of pollutants indoors, several processes may affect IAQ. While the major part of IAQ models still limited on the parameters describing the pollutants emissions and their transport by air flow, the reactivity phenomena and the sorption of pollutants on surfaces are still poorly characterized on the field scale. In addition, the representativeness of sorption parameters derived from laboratory experiments to predict indoor air concentrations on the field, is still a source of uncertainties. Therefore, it is particularly interesting to evaluate sorption parameters of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) on the surface of building materials, using a representative method of field conditions, to better predict VOCs concentrations indoors. The main objective of this thesis is to develop a new method to characterize in-situ VOCs sorption processes on indoor surfaces, by coupling a Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC) with a proton transfer mass spectrometer (PTR-MS). The methodology developed and characterized in the laboratory, was compared to the method used in literature on the laboratory scale and based on larger emission test chambers. The new method was used on the field during two intensive field campaigns conducted in an energy efficient college. Sorption parameters of a large number of VOCS were determined for the main surfaces as well as their spatial and temporal variability. Using this transportable, fast and non-destructive method, derived sorption parameters could be used as data inputs to an indoor air model, to well predict VOCs concentrations indoors
Chue, Kuck Tack. "Dynamique de l'électroadsorption-désorption en lit fixe : application à la séparation de nitrophénol sur charbon actif." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1991_CHUE_K_T.pdf.
Full textLi, Zhenxuan. "Étude de la sorption du cadmium et du malonate sur la calcite : effets synergiques en système ternaire." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10104.
Full textThe sorption of cadmium by calcite was studied in a ternary system, with an organic ligand (malonate) and cadmium simultaneously present in solution. First we studied the interaction between malonate and calcite. The influence of malonate on the solubility of calcite, malonate spectra in infrared spectroscopy, and the modelling of isotherms by a 3-plane surface complexation model (CD-MUSIC) allowed us to propose a model for the speciation of malonate at the surface of calcite and to estimate adsorption quantitatively. In a second step, we have studied the sorption of cadmium by calcite, without and with malonate respectively. When malonate was not present, cadmium sorption by calcite gave rise to an isotherm with known values. Modelling however revealed some difficulties with parametrisation. Studying sorption under continuous flow in a “Stirred Flow Through Reactor” under conditions close to CaCO3-H2O-CO2 equilibrium, showed perfectly reversible adsorption/desorption of cadmium. Note that sorption experiments were conducted over 15 to 60 hours at maximum. When malonate was present, experiments and modelling indicated that malonate reduced the sorption of cadmium. Sorption kinetics were significantly lower and cadmium, in part, sorbed more strongly on the calcite surface. The results tend to show that the presence of malonate slows down the reach of sorption equilibrium of cadmium with calcite
Lu, Jun. "Développement de modèles prédictifs décrivant le couplage chimie-transport dans les sédiments naturels." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2287/document.
Full textManagement of soils or sediments contaminated by metals requires to predict the migration of metallic cations, whose mobility depends both on the transport properties of the medium and chemical reactivity of the system (principally sorption/desorption reactions). To study the sorption of metallic cations (major and trace) in dynamic condition, transport experiments using columns have been carried out with a soil poor in carbonated minerals and organic matter. Considering that the reactivity of this soil was mainly due to swelling clay minerals, a sorption model based on the sorption properties of the Wyoming montmorillonite and built according to a multi-site ion exchanger theory has been integrated into a 1D transport code. The predictions given by this model were then compared with the breakthrough curves measured in this study and those reported in the literature. The study of the reactive transport of major cations highlighted the significant role of protons (even at near neutral pH), and validated the model for major cations (Na and Ca). However, the study concerning Zn (II) showed a discrepancy between the results obtained from batch experiments and those issued from column experiments, which could be attributed to the contribution of another sorbent phase (illite). Finally, the proposed sorption model allowed reproducing with a good confidence experimental data reported from literature for sorption of Zn (II) in dynamic conditions
Garcia, Vindas José Ralph. "Transport du radon en milieu poreux (expérimentation et modélisation) : implication pour la réalisation et l'interprétation de mesures "in situ"." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20003.
Full textCollell, Julien. "Analyse multi-échelles du transport d'hydrocarbures au sein d'un schiste non-saturé." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3011/document.
Full textHydrocarbons production from shales has been of growing industrial and scientific interest for the last fifteen years. The different kinds of shale resources represent huge quantities around the world and may durably change the energy market, as for example in the US. However, the recovery process remains critical and may drastically impact the profitability of these resources. In shales, the majority of the fluids are contained in micrometered nodules of organic matter : the kerogen, which acts as source rock and as reservoir for the oil and gas. The aim of the PhD thesis is to study the kerogen and the petroleum fluids contained in shales, by molecular simulations. For this purpose, Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics simulations with existing molecular simulation softwares and in-house codes have been used. The first part of the work has been dedicated to the construction of molecular models mimicking shales organic matter (kerogen and embedded fluids), based on analytical data. From these models, 3D structures have been generated under typical reservoir conditions. Agreements with available experimental results have been found on volumetric, storage, transport and mechanical properties. Then, we have focused our efforts on the adsorption and diffusion of hydrocarbon mixtures in such materials. Molecular simulations have been performed to provide both pseudo-experimental and reference data. On storage properties, a theoretical model which accounts for multicomponent adsorption of super-critical (dry gas) and sub-critical (condensate gas, light oil) mixtures has been developed and validated. On transport properties, the mechanisms governing hydrocarbon mass transfer have been identified and a model has been proposed which describes the dependence of mixture diffusion coefficients with thermodynamic conditions (composition, pressure and temperature)
Chauveau, Romain. "Modélisation multiparamètre du phénomène d'adsorption : détermination du temps de percée des cartouches de masques à gaz." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0233/document.
Full textActivated carbon is the sorbent used in respirator cartridges to purify breathing air by adsorbing organic vapors. Owing to an important microporous structure, the activated charcoal features a high specific area efficient to capture toxic compounds by adsorption. Predicting service life time of respirator cartridges to protect users working in a polluted atmosphere is a mission of the Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité. The Wheeler-Jonas approach, provided with a suitable equilibrium model, is a worldwide used equation to get service life times of respirator cartridges exposed to a constant flow of dry air polluted by a single volatile organic compound (VOC). While this model has been improved in recent years, it does not adequately describe the behavior of the cartridges in the presence of moisture or copolluant. The present study aims to build a numerical model to describe dynamic adsorption of single volatile organic compounds and mixtures with or without relative humidity in the air. Single water vapor adsorption has been modeled on a coaled fixed-bed, it provides a useful description of water adsorption on activated carbon and the impact of water on the service life time of a respirator cartridge. Numerous experiments have been realized to get equilibrium data of single VOCs and mass transfer constants to describe diffusion of adsorbates through micropores. Indeed, these data have been implemented in the model to describe adsorption of mixtures. Additional experiments have been realized to study coadsorption of organic vapors and dynamic adsorption of a single VOC in presence of humidity. The results are compared with simulations to appreciate the pertinence of the model. The present work provides solutions tailored to the complexity of the subject
Berez, Amor. "Dépollution par l'argile naturelle d'effluents teinturiers : étude expérimentale et modélisation du processus d'adsorption / désorption en réacteur fermé et colonne de percolation." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAH007/document.
Full textThe aim of the work is to study the adsorption-desorption process of an azo dye on natural clay from two Tunisian deposits. The laboratory experiment was conducted in a closed reactor (batch) and percolation column. In the first step, two types of clay were used. The kinetic study shows that the adsorption and desorption follow the pattern of a pseudo first order phenomenon. A Langmuir isotherm is fitted to the adsorption process, while the desorption isotherm is characterised by hysteresis. The adsorption capacity of the Gafsa clay is more pronounced than that of the Borj Chekir clay. The percolation column studies were conducted on a mixture of of Borj Chekir clay and medium sand H2F. Hydrodynamic parameters were determined using an inert tracer (fluorescein). The reactive transport study showed that an increase in clay percentage will increase retention, but, on the other hand when using a constant percentage of the clay-sand mixture, increasing the injection rate will decrease the retention capacity of the mixture. The output curves were then compared with the numerical results of a 1D reactive transport model incorporating two reversible and irreversible adsorption sites
Dezani, Chloé. "Photocatalyse hétérogène en réacteurs ouverts pour la gestion de la ressource solaire : expérimentations sur différents médias et modélisation." Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PERP0018.
Full textThe occurrence of micropollutants in water is recognized as a public health concern that needs to be addressed. The challenge is both to implement water reuse and to prevent micropollutants from being disseminated in the environment, and therefore to stop their detrimental effects. These so-called emerging contaminants are anthropogenic and most of them are non-biodegradable. Therefore, conventional biological treatments of wastewater treatment plants are not appropriate. Heterogeneous photocatalysis belongs to the advanced oxidation processes developed specifically for micropollutants’ removal. This process can be operated under solar light which makes it a relevant environmental-friendly option. Solar characteristics, such as light fluctuation and intermittency, have a direct impact on the process’s treatment capacity and need to be considered for its management. In the literature, photocatalytic reactors are mainly operated in a batch mode, which implies stopping treatment during the night. The development of continuous-mode reactors requires finding solutions to deal with light intermittency. This thesis aims, in a first part, to develop a model to predict the process’s treatment capacity of a continuous-mode reactor based on heterogeneous photocatalysis. This step is essential for the scaling and control of solar processes for micropollutants’ removal. The study also focuses, in a second part, on the reliability of a technology for intermittency management. This technology is based on a composite material made of an adsorbent and a photocatalyst. The adsorbent allows to store micropollutants when light is not enough, during the night or cloudy events. The photocatalyst enables the contaminants to be degraded, both in the liquid and solid phases, in order to operate the liquid treatment as well as regenerating the adsorbent. These two studies aim to bring knowledge to the development of continuous-mode solar processes, that can operate despite solar intermittency and light fluctuations. The first step to reach the previous purposes, is to develop a model to represent the radiation field inside the photoreactor for the two studied photocatalysts with the aim of calculating the local volumetric rate of photon absorption (LVRPA). In case of photocatalysts in suspension, literature about modelling radiative transfer is rich in comparison with supported photocatalysts. Therefore, the two tested media, titanium dioxide in suspension and titanium dioxide supported on an inert macroporous foam, require specific methodologies. The second step is to determine the kinetics model, which is a function of the pollutant concentration and the LVRPA, thanks to batch-mode experiments. Local kinetics of the different pairs “pollutant/photocatalysts” (caffeine/suspension or foam) are determined. Two reactors are studied: a plug-flow one and a perfectly well-mixed one. Knowing the models of their hydrodynamics and their kinetics, the combination of all of them is validated and then applied on photo-degradation experiments of caffeine under dynamic light operating conditions, representative of real solar light. The last purpose is to test the composite material in a continuous-mode photoreactor submitted to cycles alternating light and dark periods. The ability of the composite to degrade and regenerate is evidenced
Foto, Bienvenu Armand Éric. "Elaboration d'un pilote de filtration horizontale pour la potabilisation de l'eau dans les pays en voie de développement : aspects (bio) physico-chimiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10006/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis concerned the elaboration of a horizontal flow filtration pilot in Central African Republic because of a lack of potable waters in this country. In the conception of this pilot, treatment processes which should be chosen for riverine water purification, have to be low energy cost and easy to be implemented. Taking into account these considerations, we decided to employ the low-filtration method with the sand as the adsorbent. Indeed, this latter is known to behave as a natural adsorbent through hydrogeological processes in sols. After itemizing pluviometric data. it was shown that ground-waters possessed good water quality, whereas aquifers in low depths were found to be instead contaminated. A pilot was built by respecting the recommendations established by Eaux de Paris located at Bangui Performances and quality of treated waters were followed up, and the data obtained during the running were found to be in good accordance first with potable-water criteria with a water production of 400L/h and second with water-quality norms which were usually recommended for a raw water before its chlorination. Modelisation tests on the transit of water in the pilot were carried out using MODFLOW. For model calibration, it was used the dye Fluorescein as a tracer. The adsorption properties of sand in this pilot were studied owing to the combined use of the techniques:SEM/EDS;BET;ICP-AES;CHNS;UV/visible. In comparison with the starting sand used in the construction of the pilot, all the data showed clearly that the adsorption capacity of this sand increases with time owing to surface modifications and clays and iron oxides / hydroxides depositions in cracks
Climent, Hélène. "Transport du radon à l'interface sol-air : étude de l'influence des paramètres externes." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20167.
Full textViala, Yoann. "Elaboration d'un modèle de prédiction de la phytodisponibilité du cadmium dans les sols agricoles : application à la contamination cadmiée du blé dur." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0091/document.
Full textCadmium (Cd) is a trace element found in agricultural soils which can contaminate the food chain by being taken up by plants and accumulated in consumed plant products. The bioavailability of Cd is a concept at the centre of the risk assessment of Cd transfer from soil to plants. Plants, taking up essentially the free form of Cd (Cd2+) in the soil solution, bioavailability is a function of two main processes, the Cd speciation in solution (the different chemical forms taken by the Cd in solution) and the partitioning of Cd2+ between the solid phase and the solution. The main objective of this work was to develop simple predictive operational models of Cd2+ concentrations in agricultural soil solution, by modelling either Cd speciation in soil solution or Cd2+ solid-solution partitioning, the latter to further inform the ability of the phase to replenish the soil solution during root absorption. We also looked for models for the prediction of Cd2+ levels found in durum wheat grains. We have developed two modelling approaches. The first, statistical, allows to produce simple models for operational purposes. The second, geochemical, allows to understand the dominant mechanisms and thus to judge the coherence of simple statistical models to represent complex physicochemical processes. These two approaches have consistently shown that for poorly contaminated agricultural soils, the exchanged Cd between the solid phase and the solution is likely to be weakly sorbed and can be estimated by the Cd extracted by 1M NH4NO3 minus a fraction attached to amorphous manganese oxides. Modelling also showed the importance of pH and Ca content in solution as variables controlling the solubility of Cd2+, probably because of their role in controlling the sorption site availability and Cd complexation. The best-performing statistical model for predicting Cd content in durum wheat also picks up these variables, suggesting that simple statistical models for speciation in solution and soil-solution partitioning of Cd are relevant models to estimate bioavailability and that they can be used to classify soils according to the risks of the transfer of soil Cd to a crop. Compared to the evolution of the regulatory context, the statistical model predictive of the Cd content in the grain shown by cross validation that it could discern relatively reliably (88%) the differences of 0.05 mg Cd.kg-1 of grain and that its reliability would be less (65%) for differences of 0.025 mg Cd.kg-1
Zhao, Jing. "Étude des aspects cinétiques et thermodynamiques gouvernant la perméabilité de modèles d’essence à l’interface de deux matériaux polymères barrières : application à l’optimisation de réservoirs pour carburants." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL088N/document.
Full textResponding to a strong demand for security, weight reduction and volume optimization, the fuel tanks are currently usually made of polymer multi-layer barriers in order to limit vapour emissions into the atmosphere. The prediction of their permeability remains a world-wide critical challenge for the multi-layer optimization. Thanks to original semi-automated experimental set-ups, sorption and permeability measurements were carried out for three leading polymer materials (HDPE, EVOH and Binder) and model fuel mixtures of ethanol, iso-octane and toluene. The modelling of the sorption properties was successfully achieved by the UNIQUAC model and a new model called SORPFIT. The parameters of the diffusion laws according to the TSVF2 or the generalized Long models were also optimized for each polymer despite some difficulty with EVOH. An original methodology was then proposed for predicting the partial fluxes of polymer multi-layers from the characteristic parameters of the corresponding mono-layers. Depending on the nature and disposition of each layer, two scenarios were identified: the kinetics limitation and the thermodynamics limitation of mass transfer, the latter being estimated from the sorption models initially optimized. The comparison of the calculated fluxes with the experimental data obtained for bi-layer and tri-layer films provided by the world-wide industrial company Arkema showed that the predictions were very satisfying. This approach was then extended to the simulation of the permeability of more complex multi-layer structures which are more representative of commercial fuel tanks
Loffredo, Nicolas. "Devenir du séléniate dans les sols : mise en évidence expérimentale et modélisation des phénomènes d'hystérèse de sorption/désorption." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608532.
Full textHoang, Thi Thao Phuong. "Méthodes de décomposition de domaine espace-temps pour la formulation mixte de problèmes d'écoulement et de transport en milieu poreux." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00922325.
Full textFenouillet, Xavier. "Modélisation de nanoparticules d'or fonctionnalisées pour l'antibiothérapie : étude des relations morphologie stabilité." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30356.
Full textThe overuse of antibiotics since the mastering of their extraction and synthesis has led to the appearance of antibiotics-resistant strains of bacteria. The fight against antibiotic resistance has become a major public health issue in recent years. In this context, nano-antibiotics composed of gold nanoparticles with antibiotics grafted on their surface often exhibit outstanding properties, sometimes even bypassing bacterial resistance mechanisms. Among these nanoantibiotics, gold nanoparticles/ampicillin hybrid systems (AuNPs@Ampicillin) are very effective. However, despite their very promising antibacterial properties, very little information concerning their atomic-scale structure is reported in the literature. In the first part of this thesis, the structure and energetics of AuNPs@Ampicillin nano-antibiotics have been investigated using first-principles numerical simulations through the study of the ampicillin adsorption on the three low Miller index facets Au(111), Au(100) and Au(110) of the AuNPs as a function of both the antibiotics coverage and its protonation state. Intermolecular interactions were found to be very stabilizing for coverages compatible with experimental data. An optimal coverage zone has been determined, in which the combination of a favorable gold surface-antibiotics interaction and of stabilizing intermolecular interactions can lead to an overall stabilization of the nano-antibiotics. As regards the mechanism of action of the nano-antibiotics, this study has confirmed that the active site of the free antibiotic is exposed to the solvent when the antibiotic is grafted onto the gold nanoparticle. In a second part, the adsorption behavior of small molecules on the three gold surfaces has been investigated. These molecules were chosen because they correspond to the main functional groups found in most of the antibiotics families, namely SCH3, OCH3, and NHCH3. This study was done using a systematic approach, i.e. by studying all possible positions of the functional groups on bare surfaces and in the presence of one or two adatoms on the gold surface. The analysis of the data from these simulations shows that the behavior of SCH3 and OCH3 is very similar, with differences in adsorption energy, charge transfers and bonding angles that differ only by a constant.[...]
Shalygin, Maxim. "Réalisation et caractérisation du transport sélectif gazeux de contacteurs gaz-liquide à membrane (Selective transport of gases in gas-liquid membrane system)." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL022N/document.
Full textCombined gas-liquid membrane systems gather the advantages of membrane and absorption separation techniques. Specifically, selective membrane valves (SMV called flowing liquid membranes) were studied, i.e. creation, gas transport experiments, liquid nature and temperature dependences, and modelling. SMV use a flowing layer of liquid supported between two membranes. The 1st part of the dissertation reports the study of steady and non-steady state gas transports in SMV built out dense polymeric membranes. In the 2nd part is given the development of an original mathematical model for SMV simulation and its experimental assessment for CO2/CH4/H2 mixtures with aqueous solutions of K2CO3. From systematic studies of steady and non-steady state processes, both in flow-through and circulating modes, it was found that increasing of temperature and liquid carrier concentration (K2CO3) leads to the simultaneous rise of permeability and selectivity during CO2 recovery from CO2/H2 mixture