Academic literature on the topic 'Cho meur'

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksplorasi yang bertujuan untuk mengisolasi senyawa metabolit sekunder dalam ekstrak n-heksana Daun Lannea coromandelica Houtt Merr. yang berasal dari kecamatan Cina, kabupaten Bone, Sulawesi Selatan. Isolasi dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap yaitu maserasi, partisi dengan n-heksana, fraksinasi, pemurnian dan identifikasi. Hasil penelitian diperoleh isolat murni berupa kristal jarum berwarna putih dengan titik leleh 140,20C. Hasil uji dengan pereaksi Meyer menghasilkan endapan putih dan Wagner menghasilkan endapan coklat menunjukkan positif alkaloid. Identifikasi dengan spektroskopi infra merah memberikan serapan pada bilangan gelombang (cm-1) : 3502,73 ; 2954,99 ; 2868,15 ; 1687,71; 1463,97; 1382,96; 1330,88; dan 1037,70 yang menunjukkan adanya gugus fungsi -N-H, -C-H alifatik (CH2 dan CH3), -C=O, -C=C, dan -C-N. Kata kunci : Daun L.coromandelica Houtt Merr., Isolasi, Alkaloid. ABSTRACT This study is exploratory research that aims to isolate the secondary metabolite compound contained in n-hexane extract of Lannea coromandelica Houtt Merr. leaves from Cina district, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi. The isolation was done through several stages, maceration, partitioning with n-hexane, fractionation, purification and identification. The results was obtained in pure needle crystal shape with a melting point 140,2°C. The test result with the Meyer reagent showed the formation of a white precipitated and the Wagner test showed the formation of a brown precipitated, there for it can be categorized as positive alkaloid. Identification with an infrared spectroscopy giving absorbance at the wave number (cm-1): 3502,73 ; 2954,99 ; 2868,15 ; 1687,71; 1463,97; 1382,96; 1330,88; and 1037,70 refers of function groups -N-H, -C-H aliphatic (CH2 and CH3), -C=O, -C=C, and -C-N. Keywords : L.coromandelica Houtt Merr., Leaves, Isolation, Alkaloid.

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện với mục đích đánh giá hiệu quả thu nhận thành phần polyphenol hòa tan từ vỏ bưởi Da Xanh (Citrus maxima (Burn.) Merr.) ở các điều kiện trích ly và cô quay chân không khác nhau. Trên cơ sở này, ảnh hưởng của đặc tính nguyên liện và phương pháp trích ly, điều kiện cô quay chân không để đuổi dung môi (áp suất, độ giảm khối lượng) được khảo sát. Kết quả phân tích cho thấy thực hiện ly trích theo phương pháp tách ép công nghiệp (nguyên liệu tươi, bổ sung ethanol 40⁰ ở tỉ lệ 1:1, w/v, gia nhiệt ở 90⁰C trong thời gian 2 phút) giúp cải thiện chất lượng của dịch trích sau khi đuổi dung môi và giảm chi phí năng lượng khi so sánh với phương pháp thông dụng (trên nguyên liệu khô, ngâm trích, không hoặc có sự hỗ trợ của vi sóng). Song song đó, hiệu quả của chế độ loại dung môi bằng thiết bị cô quay ở áp suất tuyệt đối 160-180 mBar cũng được ghi nhận, đặc biệt với khả năng giúp gia tăng giá trị TPC, TFC, TEAC của dịch trích sau khi loại dung môi. Cô quay cho đến khi mất đi 92,5% khối lượng dịch trích được đề nghị để thu nhận cao chiết có chất lượng tốt nhất.

Neuer Mann bei Mediclin: CEO Ulrich Wandschneider soll das Unternehmen auf Erfolgskurs bringen.Ein schwieriger Job: Institutionelle Investoren fassen die Aktie schon seit langem nicht mehr an, und es dürfte nicht einfach werden, ihr Vertrauen zurückzugewinnen.

Dit artikel beschrijft de bevindingen van een exploratief onderzoek naar het toekomstbeeld van de CFO in Nederland in de profit- en non-profitsector. Aan de hand van 59 interviews met financieel verantwoordelijken wordt een beeld geschetst van de ontwikkeling in de aandachtsgebieden van de CFO en de daarvoor benodigde kennis, vaardigheden en competenties. De komende tien jaar verwacht de CFO zich meer dan nu bezig te houden met de strategie van de organisatie. Daarmee ontwikkelt hij of zij zich steeds meer tot één van de gezichtsbepalende bestuursleden van de organisatie: de financial leader.

Peat soils have been developed for large scale plantations such as oil palm due to their positive contribution to Malaysia’s economic growth in agriculture sector. However, these developments contribute to the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) mainly carbon (CO2) and methane (CH4). To date, there were limited information of GHGs emissions from pineapple cultivation and also inadequate data on horizontally and vertically soil GHGs emissions in peat soil profile. Thus, this study was carried out to determine carbon CO2 and CH4 emissions horizontally and vertically from a drained tropical peat soils from a drained tropical peat soils cultivated with pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. Horizontal and vertical movements of CO2 and CH4 were measured from a drained tropical peatland with Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. Tropical peat soils cultivated with Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. contributed to 79.7 % of CO2, and 0.2 % of CH4 based on the yearly basis regardless of the differences in diurnal transportation; horizontal and vertical emission. Soil CO2 and CH4 were emitted the most through horizontal transportation with 70.84 % CO2, and 0.19 % CH4 compared to 8.85 % CO2, and 0.02 % CH4 in vertical transportation. The emission of CO2 was influenced by depth of water table and temperature. It is generally believed that lowering of peats water table leads to emission of higher CO2 emission because this process leads to exposure of peat soils to oxidation. Seasonal variation in CH4 flux was higher in the wet seasons due to rainfall; this might have increased the water table of the peat soil. The results suggest that CO2 and CH4 emissions occur both horizontally and vertically regardless of season. Therefore in order not to underestimate CO2 and CH4 emissions from peat soil, it is important to measure the emissions of this greenhouse gas which has been implicated in environmental pollution horizontally and vertically.

ABSTRACT A dynamic dilution system for producing low mixing ratios of methyl bromide (MeBr) and a sensitive analytical technique were used to study the uptake of MeBr by various soils. MeBr was removed within minutes from vials incubated with soils and ∼10 parts per billion by volume of MeBr. Killed controls did not consume MeBr, and a mixture of the broad-spectrum antibiotics chloramphenicol and tetracycline inhibited MeBr uptake by 98%, indicating that all of the uptake of MeBr was biological and by bacteria. Temperature optima for MeBr uptake suggested a biological sink, yet soil moisture and temperature optima varied for different soils, implying that MeBr consumption activity by soil bacteria is diverse. The eucaryotic antibiotic cycloheximide had no effect on MeBr uptake, indicating that soil fungi were not involved in MeBr removal. MeBr consumption did not occur anaerobically. A dynamic flowthrough vial system was used to incubate soils at MeBr mixing ratios as low as those found in the remote atmosphere (5 to 15 parts per trillion by volume [pptv]). Soils consumed MeBr at all mixing ratios tested. Temperate forest and grassy lawn soils consumed MeBr most rapidly (rate constant [k] = 0.5 min−1), yet sandy temperate, boreal, and tropical forest soils also readily consumed MeBr. Amendments of CH4 up to 5% had no effect on MeBr uptake even at CH4:MeBr ratios of 107, and depth profiles of MeBr and CH4consumption exhibited very different vertical rate optima, suggesting that methanotrophic bacteria, like those presently in culture, do not utilize MeBr when it is at atmospheric mixing ratios. Data acquired with gas flux chambers in the field demonstrated the very rapid in situ consumption of MeBr by soils. Uptake of MeBr at mixing ratios found in the remote atmosphere occurs via aerobic bacterial activity, displays first-order kinetics at mixing ratios from 5 pptv to ∼1 part per million per volume, and is rapid enough to account for 25% of the global annual loss of atmospheric MeBr.

Bồ ngót (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) là loại rau từ lâu không những dùng làm thuốc trong y học mà chúng còn được dùng như rau ăn lá. Mặc dù bồ ngót được trồng nhiều ở Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long, nhưng việc nghiên cứu về di truyền một cách hệ thống chưa được quan tâm. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá được đặc điểm di truyền của một số giống bồ ngót thu thập ở bảy tỉnh vùng Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long dựa vào đặc điểm hình thái và dấu single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) trên vùng trình tự internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Kết quả cho thấy về kiểu hình của các giống có sự khác nhau giữa các vùng trồng do điều kiện môi trường và canh tác. Về kiểu gen hầu hết các giống thuộc loài Sauropus androgynous (L.) Merr. khi so sánh với các trinh tự ITS trên NCBI. Dựa vào cây phả hệ cho thấy bốn nhóm mẫu giống ở Sóc Trăng, Cần Thơ, Cà Mau, và Kiên Giang khác với 4 mẫu nhóm còn lại. Trong số 4 mẫu nhóm giống này thì nhóm mẫu Vĩnh Long, và Thuận Hưng (Sóc Trăng) có trình tự ITS gần tương đồng với nhau nên xếp chung 1 nhóm, nhóm còn lại abo gồm mẫu nhóm Hậu Giang và nhóm Đồng Tháp gần nhau về mặt di truyền.

Inappropriate drainage and agricultural development on tropical peatland may lead to an increase in methane (CH4) emission, thus expediting the rate of global warming and climate change. It was hypothesized that water table fluctuation affects CH4 emission in pineapple cultivation on tropical peat soils. The objectives of this study were to: (i) quantify CH4 emission from a tropical peat soil cultivated with pineapple and (ii) determine the effects of water table depth on CH4 emission from a peat soil under simulated water table fluctuation. Soil CH4 emissions from an open field pineapple cultivation system and field lysimeters were determined using the closed chamber method. High-density polyethylene field lysimeters were set up to simulate the natural condition of cultivated drained peat soils under different water table fluctuations. The soil CH4 flux was measured at five time intervals to obtain a 24 h CH4 emission in the dry and wet seasons during low- and high-water tables. Soil CH4 emissions from open field pineapple cultivation were significantly lower compared with field lysimeters under simulated water table fluctuation. Soil CH4 emissions throughout the dry and wet seasons irrespective of water table fluctuation were not affected by soil temperature but emissions were influenced by the balance between methanogenic and methanotrophic microorganisms controlling CH4 production and consumption, CH4 transportation through molecular diffusion via peat pore spaces, and non-microbial CH4 production in peat soils. Findings from the study suggest that water table fluctuation at the soil–water interface relatively controls the soil CH4 emission from lysimeters under simulated low- and high-water table fluctuation. The findings of this study provide an understanding of the effects of water table fluctuation on CH4 emission in a tropical peatland cultivated with pineapple.

Matthias Schrader ist CEO, Mitbegründer und Großaktionär der SinnerSchrader AG, die mit einem Nettoumsatz von rund 47,7 Mio. Euro (Geschäftsjahr 2014/2015) und mehr als 500 Mitarbeitern zu den größten Digitalagenturen Deutschlands gehört. Seit dem Gründungsjahr 1996 hat der 1967 geborene Digitalunternehmer die Agentur in den letzten zwei Dekaden durch alle Höhen und Tiefen des digitalen Marktes gesteuert, stets mit dem Ziel, Unternehmen im dynamischen Feld der digitalen Transformation der Wirtschaft umfassend und auf der Höhe des aktuellen technischen Know-hows zu unterstützen. Seit 2006 ist der studierte Informatiker und Historiker ferner auch CEO und Chairman der renommierten jährlichen Digitalkonferenz NEXT, die heute mit mehr als 10.000 Besuchern aus 40 Ländern als Leitkonferenz für die deutsche Digitalwirtschaft gilt.

Markus Wild ist CEO und Geschäftsführer der Prospitalia GmbH. Seit mehr als 10 Jahren gestaltet er maßgeblich die Entwicklung des Einkaufsdienstleisters hin zur Unternehmensgruppe. Mit seiner langjährigen Erfahrung berichtet er, wie man den Schwierigkeiten im modernen Beschaffungswesen begegnet.

Im Jahr 2017 feierte der Leipziger Opernchor sein 200-jähriges Jubiläum. Aus diesem Anlass gab es ein Festkonzert und es erschien eine Festschrift. Der vorliegende Beitrag ergänzt den Teil der Festschrift, in dem es um das erste Jahrhundert des Opernchors geht, also die Zeit von 1817 bis zum Ersten Weltkrieg. Nach einem kurzen historischen Überblick wird hier zusätzliches Archivmaterial vorgestellt, das in dem Buch nur am Rande erwähnt werden konnte. Im Zentrum steht die wirtschaftliche Lage von Chorsängerinnen und -sängern im 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert.

Friedrich Ch. Zauner has won fulsome praise from all quarters for his tetralogy Das Ende der Ewigkeit. This is in addition to many prestigious prizes during his literary career. However, national and international recognition of him as a major Austrian writer remains understated. Zauner is neither a 'High Priest' nor a 'desecrator', to borrow the terminology used by editors Ricarda Schmidt and Moray McGowan in the title of their book From High Priests to Desecrators. Zauner is not among the ten contemporary Austrian writers featured in this particular book. Unlike them, Zauner does not expound extreme or provocative views. Consequently, he does not generate such a high degree of pUblicity. As this thesis aims to show, Zauner does not withhold praise for his native land and fellow inhabitants, neither does he hesitate to criticise where he deems necessary. However, his moderate stance often precludes him from appearing in the spotlight. His chosen position is firmly in the middle of the literary spectrum. While focusing on the tetralogy, this study offers the first comprehensive overview of Zauner's fiction in English. Consequently, it is intended to contribute to a greater awareness among English-speakers of the literary achievements of Friedrich Ch. Zauner. In addition, the thesis aims to illustrate how Zauner's measured descriptions and conservative writing style have misled some literary commentators into labelling the tetralogy as a provincial village tale, Doifgeschichte. Although Das Ende der Ewigkeit tells the tale of a specific period in the history of its author's Heimat, this study aims to show how Zauner has succeeded in transcending temporal and spatial boundaries to produce a work that is also of universal relevance in the twenty-first century. This aspect of his work has been largely overlooked by critics. The present study also includes, in the Appendix, interviews conducted with Herr Zauner during the period March 2007 and March 2008. They offer a valuable insight into his aims in writing the tetralogy.

Les taux de production, transformation, émission et sédimentation de carbone à l’interface continent-océan sont significatifs à l’échelle globale, mais encore sujets à de fortes incertitudes en particulier dans les régions tropicales. De même, l’augmentation des concentrations atmosphériques de dioxyde de carbone (CO2) et de méthane (CH4), oblige la communauté scientifique à développer des méthodes pour quantifier les concentrations et les flux dans la zone côtière. Cette thèse se présente sous forme de 5 chapitres. Les chapitres 1 et 2 présentent une introduction générale et l’état de l’art sur la dynamique du CO2 et du CH4 dans les systèmes estuariens. Le chapitre 3 décrit le système de mesure en temps réel de la pression partielle en CO2 (pCO2), ainsi qu’une comparaison de ces mesures directes avec les estimations indirectes à partir de l’Alcalinité et du pH de l’eau dans deux estuaires brésiliens contrastés : la baie de Guanabara, (Etat de Rio de Janeiro), et l’estuaire du fleuve São Francisco (Etat d’Alagoas). Dans la baie de Guanabara, un estuaire à dominance marine et fortement impacté par les activités anthropiques, les valeurs de pCO2 calculées et mesurées sont très cohérentes (R2 = 0.95, p < 0.0001). Au contraire, dans l’estuaire du São Francisco, où la totalité du gradient salin a été échantillonné, des surestimations importantes des pCO2 calculées par rapport aux valeurs mesurées ont été observées dans certains échantillons d’eau douce ; la surestimation moyenne pour l’estuaire était de 74%, atteignant des valeurs extrêmes de 737%. Ces erreurs sont attribuées à une contribution d’alcalinité organique et à un faible pouvoir tampon dans les eaux douces aux pH acides et aux faibles valeurs d’alcalinité. Les chapitres 4 et 5 présentent les variations spatio-temporelles des concentrations et flux de CO2 et de CH4 à l’interface eau-atmosphère dans la baie de Guanabara. L’étude a été conduite entre Avril 2013 et Avril 2014, avec des mesures continue de pCO2, température, salinité, fluorescence e oxygène dissous (OD). Un échantillonnage discret a été réalisé pour déterminer les concentrations en CH4, Chlorophylle et nutriments inorganiques dissous. Les concentrations de CO2 et CH4 variaient entre 22 et 3715 ppmv et entre 18 et 10350 nmol L-1, respectivement. Des sous-saturations marquées en CO2 prédominaient dans les eaux peu profondes, confinées et stratifiées thermiquement principalement en été, tandis que les sursaturations en CO2 étaient restreintes aux régions proximales aux débouchés de fleuves et aux rejets d’eaux usées urbaines. Les concentrations en CO2 variaient aussi à l’échelle diurne en fonction de l’activité de photosynthése et de respiration, avec des maximaux en fin de nuit. Tous les échantillons étaient sursaturés en CH4, avec des concentrations maximales à proximité des rejets urbains. Cette distribution suggère que la production de CH4 dans les sédiments de la baie est faible du fait de la compétition entre sulfato-réduction et méthanogénèse, la majorité du CH4 provenant d’apports en provenance du réseau d’égout. Contrairement à la plupart des systèmes estuariens, la baie de Guanabara se comporte comme un puits de CO2, favorisé par de fortes radiations lumineuses, une stratification thermique et une grande disponibilité en nutriments, qui génèrent des floraisons phytoplanctoniques et un métabolisme autotrophe de 52,1 mol C m-2 an-1. [...]
The production, transformation, emission and burial of carbon at the land-ocean interface are globally significant, but rather poorly quantified in tropical regions. The increasing atmospheric concentrations of dioxide carbon (CO2) and methane (CH4) alerts to the importance and necessity of monitoring and quantifying the concentrations and fluxes of these greenhouse gases at coastal zone. The present doctoral thesis was divided into several chapters. Chapter 1 presents a general introduction to the thesis. Chapter 2 corresponds to a general introduction which focuses on the state of art of knowledge of the thesis subject, dealing with the CO2 and CH4 dynamics in estuaries. Chapter 3 describes the system applied for the online and continuous measurements of the aquatic partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and compares its estimate between the method of the continuous measurements with indirect estimates based on calculations with total alkalinity and pH in two contrasting Brazilian estuaries. One being the marine dominated and highly anthropogenically disturbed Guanabara Bay (State of Rio de Janeiro, SE-Brazil) and the other, the oligotrophic Sao Francisco River Estuary (State of Alagoas, NE-Brazil), impacted by dams. For Guanabara Bay, the measured and calculated pCO2 values showed an excellent agreement (R2 = 0.95, p < 0.0001). In contrast, the Sao Francisco estuary, showed good agreements between both methods in the estuarine mixing zone but not for it´s freshwater end member samples, which yielded substantial overestimations for the calculated pCO2. The average overestimation was 72%, reaching 737%. These discrepancies were attributed to the interference of organic alkalinity in the calculations particular in acid, poorly buffered freshwaters. Chapters 4 and 5 correspond to the part of this study, addressing the results of the temporal and spatial variations of CO2 and CH4 concentrations and atmospheric exchanges in Guanabara Bay. The study was conducted between April 2013 and April 2014, with continuous on line monitoring along trajectories of pCO2, temperature, salinity, fluorescence and dissolved oxygen. In addition, discrete sampling was performed at fixed stations along the trajectories for CH4, Chlorophyll a and dissolved inorganic nutrients. The annual concentrations of CO2 and CH4 ranged between 22-3715 ppmv and 18-10350 nmol L-1, respectively. Marked undersaturations of pCO2 were prevalent in shallow, confined and stratified waters especially at summertime, whereas oversaturations were restricted to the vicinity of the polluted river mouths and effluent discharge. The CO2 presented diurnal variations related to the processes of photosynthesis and respiration, with higher values at nigh-time period. CH4 was oversaturated in all samples, with higher concentrations primarily in the polluted regions. Methanogenesis seemed to be low in the sampled regions due to the competition with sulphate-reduction, with the major part of the CH4 sustained by allochthonous sources, derived from the sewage network. In contrast to the major part of the world´s estuarine systems, Guanabara Bay was considered a strong sink of CO2 due to concomitant effects of high photosynthetically active radiation intensity (PAR), thermal stratification and net autotrophy (autotrophic metabolism of 52.1 mol C m-2 yr-1). [...]
As taxas de produção, transformação, emissão e sedimentação de carbono na interface terra-mar são significantes globalmente, porém pobremente quantificadas nas regiões tropicais. O aumento acelerado nas concentrações atmosféricas de dióxido de carbono (CO2) e metano (CH4) alerta a importância do monitoramento e quantificação das concentrações e fluxos desses gases do efeito estufa na zona costeira. A redação da presente tese foi separada em capítulos. Os capítulos 1 e 2 apresentam a introdução geral do trabalho e o estado da arte do conhecimento da temática da tese, sobre a dinâmica de CO2 e CH4 em estuários. O capítulo 3 contém a descrição do sistema de medição contínua e on-line da pressão parcial do CO2 (pCO2) e comparações entre as medições contínuas com estimativas indiretas calculadas a partir da alcalinidade total (AT) e pH da água em dois estuários contrastantes: a Baía de Guanabara, Rio de Janeiro, e o estuário do Rio São Francisco, AL. Na Baía de Guanabara, um estuário dominado pela forçante marinha e altamente impactado por atividades antrópicas, os valores calculados e medidos da pCO2 mostraram excelente concordância (R2 = 0.95, p < 0.0001). Em contraste, no estuário do Rio São Francisco, onde o gradiente salino completo foi amostrado, importantes superestimativas foram verificadas nos valores calculados em algumas amostras de água doce. A superestimativa média foi de 72%, chegando ao valor extremo de 737%. Esses erros foram atribuídos à contribuição da alcalinidade orgânica e à baixa capacidade de tamponamento do sistema carbonato sob condições de água doce, de baixo pH e baixa AT. Os capítulos 4 e 5 apresentam os resultados das variações temporais e espaciais nas concentrações e fluxos de CO2 e CH4 na interface água-atmosfera na Baía de Guanabara. O estudo foi conduzido entre Abril de 2013 e Abril de 2014 com monitoramento contínuo da pCO2, temperatura, salinidade, fluorescência e oxigênio dissolvido (OD). Amostragens discretas foram realizadas para CH4, clorofila a e nutrientes inorgânicos dissolvidos. As concentrações anuais de CO2 e CH4 variaram entre 22-3715 ppmv e 18-10350 nmol L-1, respectivamente. Marcantes subsaturações da pCO2 na água em relação à pCO2 atmosférica foram prevalentes em águas rasas, confinadas e termicamente estratificadas principalmente no verão, enquanto supersaturação foi restrita às proximidades da desembocadura de rios poluídos e efluentes de esgotos. O CO2 também apresentou variações diuturnas em função dos processos de fotossíntese e respiração, com maiores valores no período noturno. O CH4 apresentou sobressaturação em todas as amostras, com as concentrações mais altas próximas de localidades com maior influência antrópica. A produção de metano pareceu ser pequena na região amostrada em função da competição com a redução de sulfato, sendo a maior parte do CH4 sustentada por fontes alóctones (rios poluídos e esgoto doméstico). Contrariamente à maioria dos sistemas estuarinos, a Baía de Guanabara foi considerada um sumidouro anual de CO2 em função da concomitância entre alta incidência de radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (PAR), estratificação térmica e alta disponibilidade de nutrientes, que promoveram grandes florações de fitoplâncton e autotrofia (metabolismo autotrófico de 52,1 mol C m-2 ano-1)

En période hivernale, le golfe du Lion est sujet à des conditions de vents régionaux forts (Mistral et/ou Tramontane) qui transportent des masses d'air continentales froides et sèches au dessus de la mer. Ces événements, les Cold Air Outbreaks (CAO) , conduisent à d'intenses échanges air-mer et donc à un pompage de chaleur qui favorise la formation d'eaux denses et le déclenchement de la convection océanique profonde. La bonne représentation de ces échanges air-mer intenses dans les modèles de climat et de prévision numérique du temps reste à l'heure actuelle une problématique majeure. Elle est au cœur du projet ASICS-MED centré sur compréhension des mécanismes de formation d'eaux denses en Méditerranée et qui s'inscrit dans le cadre de la thématique " Échanges air-mer intenses " du programme HyMeX dédié à l'étude du cycle de l'eau en Méditerranée. Les processus qui s'opèrent au sein de la couche limite atmosphérique marine (CLAM) et de la couche de mélange océanique (CMO) interagissent entre eux à différentes échelles spatiales et temporelles. La compréhension de l'évolution globale de la CLAM mais également des mécanismes locaux nécessitent la prise en compte de l'ensemble des processus. L'étude présentée ici est consacrée à la structure moyenne et turbulente de la CLAM en conditions de vents forts. L'objectif est de déterminer comment l'organisation du champ turbulent est impactée lors d'épisodes de CAO et d'estimer les flux de surface associés à ces conditions de vents forts. La méthodologie adoptée est basée sur l'utilisation conjointe d'observations aéroportées collectées lors de la campagne de mesure SOP2 d'HyMeX et de simulations numériques. La campagne de mesure SOP2 d'HyMeX qui a eu lieu au cours de l'hiver 2013 dans le golfe du Lion a permis de documenter grâce à l'avion de recherche ATR42 la structure moyenne et turbulente de la CLAM lors de 11 épisodes de CAO. Une analyse spectrale s'appuyant sur un modèle analytique a été réalisé sur 181 paliers (i.e. segments de vol rectilignes et stabilisés en altitude). Les profils verticaux des échelles turbulentes caractéristiques ainsi que la forme du spectre de la vitesse verticale ont permis de mettre en évidence un allongement des structures énergétiques dans l'axe du vent moyen associé à l'organisation du champ turbulent sous la forme de rouleaux longitudinaux. Une description unidirectionnelle du champ turbulent tridimensionnel peut conduire à une représentativité limitée des structures cohérentes au sein des échantillons. Cependant, la connaissance des profils de flux sur toute l'épaisseur de la CLAM est nécessaire pour l'estimation des échanges air-mer. Une méthode de correction des flux turbulents calculés par eddy correlation a été appliqué afin de prendre en compte les erreurs systématique et aléatoire relatives à la mesure et au traitement de données. Cette correction a permis de déterminer les meilleures estimations possibles des flux extrapolés à la surface avec une marge d'incertitude pour les 11 épisodes de CAO documentés lors de la campagne SOP2 d'HyMeX. La comparaison de ces estimations aéroportées aux autres sources d'information dérivées de paramétrisations des flux a permis de mettre en évidence une sous-estimation systématique du flux de chaleur latente en conditions de vents forts. Une approche numérique a permis de compléter l'analyse de la structure moyenne et turbulente de la CLAM lors d'épisodes de CAO
During winter, local strong winds (Mistral or Tramontana) occurred in the Gulf of Lion which bring cold and dry continental air over a warmer sea. Those events, the cold air outbreaks, can lead to intense air-sea interactions which favour dense water formation and deep oceanic convection. The representation of air-sea exchanges is a fundamental aspect of of climate modelling and numerical weather forecasting. The ASICS-MED project aims to identify fine-scale processes leading to dense water formation and is a part of the "Intense air-sea exchanges" topic of the HyMeX program devoted to hydrological cycle in the Mediterranean. The processes occurring within the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) and the oceanic mixing layer (ML) interact with one another at different spatial and temporal scales. Understanding the overall evolution of the MABL but also the local mechanisms requires taking into account all the processes. The study presented here is devoted to the mean and turbulent structure of the MABL under strong wind conditions. The objective is to determine how the organization of the turbulent field is impacted during CAO events and to estimate the surface fluxes associated with these strong wind conditions. The methodology adopted is based on the joint use of airborne observations collected during the HyMeX-SOP2 field campaign and numerical simulations. The HyMeX-SOP2 field campaign took place during the winter of 2013 in the Gulf of Lion. The research aircraft ATR42 was operated to document the mean and turbulent structure of the MABL during 11 CAO events. A spectral analysis based on an analytic model was carried out on 181 legs (i.e. stacked straight and level runs stabilized in altitude). The vertical profiles of the turbulent characteristic scales as well as the shape of the vertical velocity spectrum revealed an elongation of the energy structures in the mean wind direction associated with the organization of the turbulent field into longitudinal rolls. A unidirectional sampling of the three-dimensional turbulent field may lead to a limited representativeness of the coherent structures within the samples. However, knowledge of kinematic fluxes profiles over the entire thickness of the CLAM is necessary to estimate air-sea exchanges. A correction method was applied to turbulent fluxes calculated by eddy correlation in order to take into account systematic and random errors related to measurement and data processing. This correction made it possible to determine the best possible estimates of the extrapolated surface fluxes with a margin of uncertainty for the 11 CAO events documented during the HyMeX-SOP2 field campaign. The comparison of these airborne estimates with the other sources of information derived from bulk parameterizations show a systematic underestimation of the latent heat flux under strong wind conditions. A numerical approach allowed to complete the analysis of the mean and turbulent structure of the MABL during CAO events. The numerical study, based on the non-hydrostatic Meso-NH model, focuses on an episode of strong Tramontana with winds greater than 25m/s documented during the HyMeX-SOP2 field campaign. In a first step, a one-dimensional framework made it possible to understand the forcing terms necessary to reproduce in a realistic way the development of the observed MABL. This reference configuration allowed, in a second time, a Large-Eddy Simulation of the CAO event. This simulation has been validated using airborne data and has allowed to deepen the description of the turbulent field as well as the evolution of the coherent structures oriented in the axis of the mean wind

Resumo - Amália Rodrigues, uma mulher do povo, revolucionou a temática do “corpus" fadista de então, direccionada, desde a implantação do Estado Novo, para cantar a tristeza nacional repleta de um fatalismo doentio. Dos seus encontros, com Alain Oulman e com outros grandes poetas da Literatura portuguesa, nasceu um movimento de ruptura no Fado, tornando-o o grande divulgador do lirismo português. Amália possuía um bom gosto, uma intuição e uma enorme sensibilidade que influíram nas suas escolhas, optando por letras que, através dos seus temas, do ritmo e da oralidade melhor se adaptaram à sua voz e ao fado. Cantou o que sentia numa coerência total entre a vida e a obra e fê-lo de uma forma natural e despretensiosa, como só o conseguem as grandes intérpretes, aquelas, como Piaf ou Greco, que cantam com o corpo inteiro e possuem a música no coração e na voz. Assim, a sua voz foi o veículo de difusão e popularização da nossa cultura literária, em Portugal e no mundo
Résumé - Amália Rodrigues, une femme du peuple, a révolutionné le monde du « Fado » de son époque, qui, depuis l’implantation du « Estado Novo », chantait exclusivement le thème de la tristesse nationale, pleine d’un fatalisme maladif. De ses liaisons/rencontres avec Alain Oulman et avec d’autres grands poètes de la littérature portugaise est né un mouvement de rupture du Fado, lui conférant ainsi le rôle de divulgation du lyrisme portugais. Amália avait du goût, l’intuition et une énorme sensibilité qui influencèrent ses choix : elle préféra des paroles qui, à travers les thèmes évoqués, à travers leur musicalité et leur oralité s’adaptaient le mieux à sa voix et au Fado. Elle chanta ce qu’elle sentait en parfaite harmonie avec sa vie et son oeuvre, et elle le fit de façon naturelle, sans prétentions, ce que seules les grandes interprètes réussissent, comme avant elle, Piaf ou Greco, qui chantaient avec leur corps et possédaient la musique dans leur corps et dans leur voix. Ainsi, sa voix a permis de diffuser et de populariser notre culture littéraire, aussi bien au Portugal que dans le reste du monde
Summary - Amália Rodrigues, a woman of the people, has revolutionized the thematic of the “corpus fadista" of that time, guided, since the New State implementation, to sing the national sadness filled with a sick fatalism. From her meetings with Alain Oulman and other great poets of the Portuguese Literature, a breaking movement in Fado was born, making it the greatest means to communicate the Portuguese lyricism. Amália had a good taste, an intuition and an enormous sensitivity, which influenced her in her options, choosing lyrics that, through her songs, rhythm and speech, best fitted her voice and “fado". She sang what she felt in a total coherence between her life and her work and she did it in a natural and modest way, just as the great singers can do. Those like Piaf or Greco, who sing with their whole body and have music in their heart and in their voice. Therefore, her voice was a vehicle of transmission and popularisation of our literary culture, in Portugal and all around the world

Der VDI-Bericht ist ausschließlich als PDF erschienen! / Sie möchten gerne mehr erfahren? Inhalt Plastic components: future requirements Zukünftige Anforderungen an Kunststoffbauteile Volvo Cars recycled plastics strategy – Kick-starting with a recycled-plastics demo car 1 S. Tostar, Volvo Car Group, Gothenburg, Sweden Sustainable materials for the interior parts 5 Nachhaltige Materialien für das Interieur 17 C. Schütz, L. Lewerdomski, E. Körner, C. Winkelmann, Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg Interior-Trends/Trends im Fahrzeuginnenraum Antimicrobial treatment of textiles and decorative materials for passenger transport and car-sharing concepts 29 Antimikrobielle Ausstattung von Textilien und Dekormaterialien für Personentransport und Carsharing Konzepte 43 M. Schneider, A. Cordella, car i.t.a. GmbH & Co. KG, Kirkel-Limbach Simulation/Simulation Elasto-viscoplastic temperature-dependent material model for a talc-filled PP/PE copolymer 57 Elasto-viskoplastisches temperaturabhängi...

Ao ouvir, do jovem e promissor graduando Vinícius Villani, o sonho de organizar uma obra a respeito dos fenômenos sociais, culturais, relacionais e temporais, que a pandemia desencadeou, eu - imediatamente - o incentivei. Lembro de nossa conversa, como se hoje fosse. Eu sabia do potencial que ele tinha de articular pessoas e trazer talentos para perto de si. Ali, naquela conversa, tínhamos a certeza da contribuição que as reflexões, a partir do Direito Internacional e das Relações Internacionais, trariam. Seria uma oportunidade de dar mais concretude a ideias, que, se difundidas, fortaleceriam uma comunidade de pensadores, pesquisadores e profissionais, que privada dos ambientes convencionais de trocas, poderia se ver acolhida, vocalizada e - por que, não - representada. Sabíamos que as reflexões estimulariam pensadores, pesquisadores e profissionais a se movimentarem e gerarem ainda mais conhecimento e ferramentas, de maneira a apoiar e facilitar a travessia desse momento histórico. Seria uma forma de fomentar o novo, com olhos de humanidade e, construir um porvir, com a consciência dos desafios, mas, também, com coragem de mobilização e realização. Este, para mim, é o poder da comunidade que concilia saberes advindos de perspectivas teórico-acadêmicas e de perspectivas práticoprofissionais. (Eis uma das razões e, também, um dos meus intentos ao 12 [co] laborar e colaborar com Vinícius Villani no desenvolvimento do que, hoje, conhecemos como o Direito Internacional Sem Fronteiras.). Pensar e sistematizar temas, como os abordados nesta obra, permite que diversos atores dialoguem, tendo as ideias lançadas neste livro, como pontos de partida. Pontos de partida, esses, que buscam oferecer luz a questões e pautas há muito relativizadas ou, quiçá, invisibilizadas. Eis aí uma chance de enxergá-las de frente, faceá-las. Ao pensar sobre o título desta obra, muitas foram as referências com as quais me deparei, muitas foram as impressões que me sobrevieram. Quantas e quais são as faces da pandemia? Eu me perguntei. Neste momento, convido você, leitora e leitor, a ponderar, também, sobre as faces da pandemia, que transcendem os debates técnicos e os debates teóricos. Pense comigo. Quanto potencial de transformação há, quando olhamos o outro face a face? Quanto potencial de transformação há, quando reconhecemos as diferentes faces que nos cercam e, percebendo-as, construímos espaços de diálogos possíveis? Quanto potencial de transformação há, quando assumimos o olhar de quem reconhece a sua [co] responsabilidade, nas relações que tece? Quanto potencial há em perceber que a dor refletida nas nossas faces da despedida, nesta pandemia, pode trazer alento para o porvir, e, escuta, quando for você vier a sucumbir? Talvez este seja o caráter simbólico desta obra: a convicção de que não há uma única face, um único e uníssono discurso, uma única 13 perspectiva, mas, plúrimas e complexas perspectivas sobre a pandemia e seus impactos nas mais diferentes vidas e realidades. Convido, assim, você a ler esta obra com alma e espírito curiosos e agregadores, de modo que, ao se deparar com estas faces da pandemia, você seja capaz de enxergar - e criar - novos horizontes, novas sinergias. Que esta seja uma oportunidade para você perceber a multiplicidade de cores e perspectivas, que vão além - muito além - de uma das faces da moeda ou de uma das faces do tetraedro [de Platão].

ZusammenfassungIn der Schweiz wurden im Jahr 2017 rund 1,85 Mrd. CHF an Nonprofitorganisationen (NPO) gespendet. Der Spendenmarkt ist gesättigt und durch die wachsende Anzahl an Stiftungen und Vereinen wächst der Wettbewerb weiter. Die NPOs müssen innovativ bleiben und das Fundraising weiterentwickeln, um langfristig überleben zu können. Eine Möglichkeit sind Onlinespenden, um Kosten zu sparen und eine größere Reichweite gegenüber herkömmlichen Medien zu erzielen. Um das Potenzial von Onlinespenden zu nutzen, werden in dieser Studie Soziale-Norm-Nudges zur Erhöhung der Spendenbereitschaft und Konversion auf Webseiten von NPO untersucht. Eine User-Gruppe bekam einen Nudge eingeblendet, eine Kontrollgruppe nicht. Anhand von Messwebapplikationen wie Google Analytics und Hotjar wurde das unterschiedliche Verhalten der beiden Gruppen aufgezeichnet. Statistisch wurde kein Einfluss der Nudges auf die Spendenbereitschaft oder Konversion festgestellt. Jedoch zeigten Heatmaps, wie das Klickverhalten und die Mausbewegungen der Webseitenbesucher waren. Daraus lässt sich ableiten, dass es durchaus Potenzial für Weiterentwicklungen gibt.

Det finst ulike måtar å vere kristen på i Noreg, og ulike namn på desse måtane. Skilje mellom «omvendingskristendom» og «oppsedingskristendom» har prega det religiøse livet i Noreg og ofte skapt sterke spenningar og konfliktar. Korleis har dette skiljet prega Nordvestlandet samanlikna med andre landsdelar? Finn ein her døme på meir fredeleg sameksistens mellom desse kristendomsformene?

Artikkelen handler om hva norske lærerstudenter i KRLE tenker om kjønn og likestilling. Metoden for datainnsamling er en 5-trinns prosess som inkluderer refleksjon og samtale om egne erfaringer i forhold til kjønn og likestilling. Det undersøkes om studentene gjennom å følge denne prosessen ble mer bevisste på tematikken. Analysen er basert på opptak fra studentsamtaler samt studentenes egne individuelle notater. Materialet drøftes i lys av teori knyttet til kjønn, likestilling og identitet.

Elektronisk utveksling av finansiell informasjon skjer i stadig større grad ved hjelp av rapporteringsformatet XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language), som sies å gi både regnskapsprodusenter og regnskapsbrukere fordeler, blant annet i form av effektivitet og mer sammenlignbar informasjon. Fra og med 01.01.2020 stilles det for eksempel krav om at børsnoterte foretak i EU må benytte en form for XBRL-rapportering i sine konsernregnskap. Samtidig stilles det spørsmål ved om informasjonen som kommuniseres ved hjelp av denne typen formater, vil være mindre beslutningsnyttig, og om ikke dette er spesielt problematisk dersom man befinner seg i et prinsippbasert regnskapsregime som IFRS. I dette kapittelet undersøker vi først (1) hvilke former for elektronisk rapportering av finansiell informasjon som benyttes i Norge. I forbindelse med implementering av XBRL i EU er det interessant å kunne bygge på erfaringer fra bruk av XBRL-formatet i USA, og vi oppsummerer derfor tidligere forskning for å svare på følgende spørsmål: (2) I hvilken grad preges XBRL-regnskap av rapporteringsfeil? (3) Når benytter selskap egentilpassede rapporteringselementer? (4) Hvilken betydning har bruk av egentilpassede rapporteringselementer for regnskapsbrukerne? (5) Blir finansregnskap mer sammenlignbare etter implementering av XBRL? Vår oppsummering konkluderer med at forskningen på dette området i liten grad gir klare svar på disse spørsmålene, og det bør oppmuntres til ytterligere forskning.

Diesel/natural gas dual fuel engine is acquiring more and more attention due to its potential to reduce NOX and soot emission simultaneously. Micro-pilot-induced diesel ignition natural gas engine is a popular manner to further improve the emission reduction capability of dual fuel engine. A six cylinder, four stroke, commonrail diesel engine is converted into dual fuel engine. Natural gas is injected into the intake manifold after the throttle. Five gas injection valves are used to control natural gas flow rate. Based to the established fuel supply system, a dual fuel control system is developed by using MS9S12XEP100 MCU. Voltage boosting circuit, fuel injector driving circuit, gas injection valve driving circuit and MeUn driving circuit are integrated on the platform of MCU hardware. Two ECU is connected to each other by CAN bus and several I/O ports to fulfil the fuel injection functional requirement. A software framework involves gas injection timing synchronization, fuel mode managing, multi-time injection. A MAP based fresh air mass flow rate and intake charge efficiency model is integrated in the MCU to calculate the fresh air quality in cylinder. The last part is performance optimization research at low load. Ignition diesel is divided into two stages, and the first injection timing, first injection ratio and injection pressure are used as controllable parameter to reduce NOX and HC emission. Experimental result reveal that by dividing ignition injection into two stage and advancing first injection to 60°CA BTDC CH4 emission can be reduced by 77% while NOX remains unchanged. Increasing the first injection ratio and injection pressure can also reduce THC emission. If injection pressure is higher than 75MPa, the effect of HC reduction effect is not that obvious. Experimental results shows that developed control system can accomplish the functional requirements of dual fuel engine management. Emission test results demonstrate that IMO TierII can be satisfied at diesel mode. DF mode emission performance can meet the requirement of IMO TierIII. Furthermore, as the first domestic product dual fuel dedicated control system, which has passed through the CCS authentication in China, the engine emission level can meet the current and upcoming China’s emission standard on non-road engine on the premise of guaranteeing engine power and economy.

Manetho aus Sebennytos in Unterägypten war ein Priester, der sein bekanntestes Werk, die Aegyptiaca, eine Darstellung der Geschichte Ägyptens, im 3. Jh. v. Chr. verfasste. Dieses Werk ist jedoch nur in überarbeiteter Form und nur in Exzerpten späterer antiker Autoren überliefert, sodass der ursprüngliche Text nicht mehr rekonstruiert werden kann. Bedeutsam sind seine auf älteren Quellen basierende Darstellung der Abfolge der Herrscher Ägyptens in einer Königsliste sowie seine Einteilung der Geschichte Ägyptens in Dynastien, die die Ägyptologie bis heute prägt. Seine sonstigen Werke, die von der ägyptischen Religion handelten, sind ebenfalls nur äußerst bruchstückhaft überliefert.