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Journal articles on the topic 'Chocolate Spot'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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1

Lirag, Ma Teresa B., and Ramona Isabel S. Ramirez. "Setting the Sweet Spot: Price Determination for Local Chocolates in the Philippines." Journal of Economics, Management and Trade 30, no. 4 (2024): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jemt/2024/v30i41204.

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A research study was conducted to assess the price sensitivity and determine the optimal pricing strategy of locally produced chocolate in Bicol region, Philippines. Selected respondents were interviewed composed of cacao farmers, processors/entrepreneurs and chocolate consumers using purposive random sampling procedure. They were from different location and provinces who have knowledge on cacao production and consumption. Data were gathered using survey questionnaire and key informant interview (KII) based on Van Westendorp Price Sensitivity Meter tool. Result of the study showed that the acc

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2

Kaur, Surinder, Patty Reid, K. Neil Harker, et al. "Effect of Lygus spp. and Botrytis spp. on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) seed quality — are there insect–pathogen interactions?" Canadian Journal of Plant Science 99, no. 1 (2019): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2018-0074.

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Lygus bugs and Botrytis fungal pathogen, the causal agent of chocolate spot in faba bean, can cause necrotic spots on faba bean seeds, thereby reducing market value. The mid-pod stage is the most susceptible stage for chocolate spot development and Lygus infestation in faba beans. Therefore, we hypothesised that the concomitant presence of Lygus spp. and Botrytis spp. might increase seed necrosis. Hence, the study was conducted to determine (i) the spatial and local distribution of chocolate spot and Lygus spp. in central and southern Alberta, and (ii) the association of chocolate spot disease

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3

Sharga, Boris M. "Bacillus isolates as potential biocontrol agents against chocolate spot on Faba beans." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 43, no. 10 (1997): 915–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m97-132.

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Chocolate spot caused by Botrytis cinerea and Botrytis fabae is a serious disease of Vicia faba L. beans. Aggressive infection of that disease can result in severe yield losses (up to 100%). Genetic resistance to chocolate spot in V. faba L. is weak. Chemical control of the disease gives only partial crop protection because of widespread fungicide resistance in both chocolate spot agents. Biological control with applications of bacteria antagonistic to Botrytis may provide a useful alternative to chemicals. Of 270 Bacillus isolates tested, 54 (20%) were found to cause necrosis and (or) chloros

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4

Cheewangkoon, Ratchadawan, Johannes Z. Groenewald, Kevin D. Hyde, Chaiwat To-anun, and Pedro W. Crous. "Chocolate spot disease of Eucalyptus." Mycological Progress 11, no. 1 (2010): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-010-0728-8.

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5

Alemayehu, Tiringo Yilak, Kassahun Amare, Dereje Belay, and Huluager Abebe. "Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Variety Evaluation for Disease Resistance, Yield, and Agronomic Traits in South Gondar, Ethiopia." International Journal of Agronomy 2024 (March 11, 2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/5490629.

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A field study was conducted to evaluate faba bean varieties for yield and yield components and disease reactions in the Lay Gayint district during the 2020 and 2021 cropping seasons. Six faba bean varieties, including local, were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The crop and disease data were collected, and the disease severity was assessed five times in 7 and 10 days intervals using the disease rating scale for chocolate spot and faba bean gall disease, respectively. The combined analysis variance showed significant P<0.01 differences among faba bean

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6

Vivas, Marcelo, Silvaldo Felipe da Silveira, Carlos Eduardo Pessanha da Silva Terra, and Messias Gonzaga Pereira. "Testers for combining ability and selection of papaya hybrids resistant to fungal diseases." Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 11, no. 1 (2011): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-70332011000100005.

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Genetic resistance represents a sustainable alternative to disease control in papaya crop. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of testers to estimate combining ability and select hybrids resistant to black spot, phoma spot and chocolate spot. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with two replications and 20 plants per plot. The severity of phoma spot and black spot on leaves and the lesion area of black spot and chocolate spot on fruits were evaluated in two seasons. The combining ability of the following crosses is negative for all traits: tester 'JS 12' wit

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7

Anega, Dinku, and Zemed Berihane. "Challenges, Opprtunities and Management of Faba Bean Chocolate Spot (<i>Botrytis Fabae</i> Sard.) Disease in Ethiopia: Review." American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering 8, no. 2 (2024): 58–67. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20240802.13.

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Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a vital pulse crop globally, with significant importance in Ethiopia. However, its production is threatened by various biotic stresses, particularly chocolate spot disease caused by Botrytis fabae Sard., which is one of the most damaging and prevalent diseases in the country. This review aims to assess the opportunities and challenges related to the management of chocolate spot epidemics and to explore the resistance potential of faba bean cultivars in Ethiopia. Chocolate spot disease can cause substantial yield losses, ranging from 34% to 67%, and its severity is

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8

Hunduma, Adugna, Fikiru Wakoya, Fufa Merga, Tola Abdissa, Abdela Tufa, and Fayera Asefa. "Effects of Sowing Dates and Fungicide Application on Chocolate Spot (Botrytis fabae Sard.) Disease of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) in Western Ethiopia." Advances in Agriculture 2023 (February 21, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1420278.

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Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a cool legume crop grown in the highlands of Ethiopia, and chocolate spot disease (Botrytis fabae Sard.) occurs in wide areas. There is a shortage of recorded data about the impact of chocolate spot disease on faba beans and their management practices in Ethiopia. The objectives of this study were to assess the influence of sowing dates and the frequency of foliar fungicide (mancozeb) application for the management of chocolate spots and determine the association of sowing dates with chocolate spot disease occurrence. The experiment was conducted in the 2019 and 20

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9

Eshetu, Gosaye, Yekedem Bimrew, and Hassen Shifa. "Association of Chocolate Spot and Faba Bean Rust Epidemics with Climate Change Resilient Cultural Practices in Bale Highlands, Ethiopia." Advances in Agriculture 2018 (December 23, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6042495.

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Field survey was conducted in south eastern Ethiopia to determine the disease intensity of chocolate spot and rust and to investigate the association of disease intensity (incidence and severity) with environmental factors and crop cultural practices. A total of 280 faba bean fields were surveyed in eight districts, and type of cropping system, weed management practices, crop growth stage, previous crop in the field, and sowing date were recorded. The associations of disease intensity with independent variables were evaluated using logistic regression model. Mean disease incidence of chocolate

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10

Shferaw, Solomon, and Wossen Tarekegne. "Genetic Variability and Cluster Analysis of Faba Bean (<i>Vicia faba</i> L.) Genotypes in Debre Tabor, Northwestern Ethiopia." Advances in Applied Sciences 9, no. 3 (2024): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.aas.20240903.11.

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Faba bean, a globally important pulse, offers genetic variation for plant breeders, although information on this variability is scarce in Ethiopia. Therefore, the study was conducted to assess the genetic variability of genotypes using 49 genotypes with 7 × 7 simple lattice designs. The experiment was conducted at in Fogera National Rice Research and Training Center at Debre Tabor research site in north western Ethiopia. Analysis of variance revealed that there were highly significant differences among forty-nine genotypes for all studied traits (days to flowering, days to maturity, grain fill

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11

El-Kholy,, R. "CONTROL OF CHOCOLATE SPOT DISEASE IN FABA BEAN." Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology 32, no. 3 (2007): 2319–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2007.219474.

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12

Ismail,, Y., G. Soliman, A. Mosa, and N. Gamil. "INDUCED RESISTANCE AGAINST CHOCOLATE SPOT DISEASE OF FABA BEAN." Journal of Plant Production 29, no. 3 (2004): 1205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jpp.2004.238577.

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13

Rehab A., A., Noher A. Mahmoud, and Zeinab E. Ghareeb. "Genetics of Faba Bean Resistance to Chocolate Spot Disease." Egyptian Journal of Plant Breeding 16, no. 4 (2012): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0003963.

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14

Barilli, Eleonora, Pedro Luna, Fernando Flores, and Diego Rubiales. "Agronomic Performance of Faba Bean in Mediterranean Environments." Agronomy 15, no. 2 (2025): 412. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15020412.

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The faba bean (Vicia faba) is an important grain legume that, despite decades of decline, is regaining interest in the Mediterranean basin due to an increasing demand for plant-based proteins and other ingredients, particularly for the food industry. However, the crop’s sensitivity to weather conditions (mainly drought and heat) as well as its high susceptibility to diseases hinder its yield performance and stability. For this reason, in this study, we present the results of multi-environment field trials conducted in southern Spain, where the performance of six new elite faba bean cultivars,

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15

El-Nagar, Tamer, Gabr El-Kot, Ehab Sarhan, Hanafey Maswada, and Abdelnaser Elzaawely. "Effect of Frankincense on Controlling Chocolate Spot of Faba Bean." Egyptian Journal of Phytopathology 50, no. 2 (2022): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejp.2022.179094.1078.

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16

El-Shatoury, Sahar A., Fuad Ameen, Heba Moussa, Omar Abdul Wahid, Ahmed Dewedar, and Saleh AlNadhari. "Biocontrol of chocolate spot disease (Botrytis cinerea) in faba bean using endophytic actinomycetes Streptomyces: a field study to compare application techniques." PeerJ 8 (March 9, 2020): e8582. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8582.

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Sustainable agriculture is needing economic applications for disease control. One possibility is offered by local medical plants. Endophytes of medical plants, such as actinomycetes Streptomyces sp. have previously shown antagonistic activities against fungal phytopathogens. In the present field experiment, we aimed to verify the efficiency of endophytic Streptomyces against one of the common pathogens, Botrytis cinerea, causing chocolate spot disease for faba bean (Vicia fabae L.). We tested two strains of Streptomyces (MG788011, MG788012) and three techniques to apply the biocontrol agent: (

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17

Mitiku, Misgana. "INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF CHOCOLATE SPOT (BOTRYTIS FABAE) DISEASE OF FABA BEAN (VICIA FABA L.) IN ETHIOPIA: A REVIEW." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 9 (2017): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i9.2017.2231.

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The primary producers of pulses are small-scale farmers with small and dispersed plots under rain-fed conditions with substantially lower yields of less than 0.9 t/ha as compared to the improved faba bean varieties and international yields. There are many biotic and abiotic factors which hampers faba bean production in Ethiopia. From biotic factors chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae Sard.) is the major fungal disease hampering faba bean production in Ethiopia.). It is a highly prevalent and destructive disease, causing yield loss up to 61% on a susceptible and 34% on tolerant faba bean genotypes i

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18

Aouzal, Sarra, Lamyaa Zelmat, Hafsa Houmairi, Rachid Mentag, and Sanae Krimi Bencheqroun. "Fludioxonil, Fenhexamid and Boscalid-Insensitive Botrytis Fabae Isolates Collected from Moroccan Faba Bean Fields." International Journal of Phytopathology 13, no. 2 (2024): 211–18. https://doi.org/10.33687/10.33687/phytopath.013.02.5123.

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Chocolate spot, caused by Botrytis fabae, poses a significant threat to faba bean production in Morocco, leading to decreased crop quality and quantity. This study assesses the sensitivity of B. fabae isolates to three fungicides-fenhexamid, fludioxonil, and boscalid-commonly used in Moroccan faba bean cultivation. Fungicide sensitivity tests were conducted on 22 single-spore isolates of B. fabae from five faba bean-growing regions in Morocco. The Growth Inhibition Percentage (GIP) of each isolate was calculated using an automated quantitative (AQ) test to determine sensitivity profiles to the

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19

Aouzal, Sarra, Lamyaa Zelmat, Hafsa Houmairi, Rachid Mentag, and Sanae Krimi Bencheqroun. "Fludioxonil, Fenhexamid and Boscalid-Insensitive Botrytis Fabae Isolates Collected from Moroccan Faba Bean Fields." International Journal of Phytopathology 13, no. 2 (2024): 211–18. https://doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.013.02.5123.

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Chocolate spot, caused by Botrytis fabae, poses a significant threat to faba bean production in Morocco, leading to decreased crop quality and quantity. This study assesses the sensitivity of B. fabae isolates to three fungicides-fenhexamid, fludioxonil, and boscalid-commonly used in Moroccan faba bean cultivation. Fungicide sensitivity tests were conducted on 22 single-spore isolates of B. fabae from five faba bean-growing regions in Morocco. The Growth Inhibition Percentage (GIP) of each isolate was calculated using an automated quantitative (AQ) test to determine sensitivity profiles to the

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20

Megahed, Allam Arafat, Hassan Mohamed Masoud, Mohamed Salah Eldin Helmy, Mahmoud Aabdel-Aziz Ibrahim, Nehal Samy El-Mougy, and Mokhtar Mohamed Abdel-Kader. "Efficiency of Some Abiotic and Biotic Agents on Vicia faba L. Rust and Chocolate Spot Diseases." Plant Protection 7, no. 3 (2023): 449–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33804/pp.007.03.4798.

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A variety of soil- and air-borne pathogens can attack faba bean plants, leading to rust and chocolate spot diseases that seriously affect plant yield. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of certain essential oils as abiotic agents and biotic agents as safe alternatives to fungicides for both diseases. Double foliar applications of these essential oils and biotic agents significantly reduced the development of faba bean rust and chocolate spot incidence. The highest reduction in faba bean rust (92.7%) was achieved after spraying with jojoba oil, followed by 88.9% and 85.3% for grape and bi

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21

Misgana, Mitiku. "INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF CHOCOLATE SPOT (BOTRYTIS FABAE) DISEASE OF FABA BEAN (VICIA FABA L.) IN ETHIOPIA: A REVIEW." International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah 5, no. 9 (2017): 195–205. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1002638.

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The primary producers of pulses are small-scale farmers with small and dispersed plots under rain-fed conditions with substantially lower yields of less than 0.9 t/ha as compared to the improved faba bean varieties and international yields. There are many biotic and abiotic factors which hampers faba bean production in Ethiopia. From biotic factors chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae Sard.) is the major fungal disease hampering faba bean production in Ethiopia.). It is a highly prevalent and destructive disease, causing yield loss up to 61% on a susceptible and 34% on tolerant faba bean genotypes i

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22

Zaki, Khaled. "Evaluation of Some Faba bean Genotypes for Resistance to Chocolate Spot." Egyptian Journal of Phytopathology 38, no. 1 (2010): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejp.2010.231335.

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23

Ali, Abeer A., K. M. Abd El-Hai, and Marwa A. M. Atwa. "Management of Chocolate Spot Disease of Vicia faba using Nutritional Elements." Asian Journal of Plant Pathology 8, no. 2 (2014): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajppaj.2014.45.54.

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24

Hanounik, S. B. "Horizontal and Vertical Resistance inVicia fabato Chocolate Spot Caused byBotrytis fabae." Plant Disease 70, no. 8 (1986): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-70-770.

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25

Zebitz, C. P. W., and Hella Kehlenbeck. "Performance ofAphis Fabae on Chocolate Spot Disease-Infected Faba Bean Plants." Phytoparasitica 19, no. 2 (1991): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02980356.

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26

Aguilar-Luna, Jesús M. E., Salvador López-López, and Juan M. Loeza-Corte. "Susceptibility of fungi, mainly chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae sard.), to gamma irradiation in the faba bean crop (Vicia faba l.)." Enero-Abril 2021 33, no. 1 (2020): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51372/bioagro331.4.

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Fungi causeconsiderable losses in the faba bean crop in many regions of the world. The aim of the current research was to evaluate the susceptibility of faba bean to fungi, mainly chocolate spot, and its effect on yield, using seeds exposed to gamma irradiation. Faba bean seeds were cultivated in three regions: Hidalgo, Puebla and Tlaxcala, Mexico; the seeds were irradiated with a dose rate of 4.90 Gy·min-1using a Gammacell 220 irradiator. The irradiation doseswere 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 160, 250 and 350 Gy of gamma rays with 60Co radioisotopes. The irradiated seeds showed acceptablegermination (7

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27

Kurkina, Yu N. "DISEASES OF BROAD BEANS CAUSED BY MICROSCOPIC FUNGI." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 3 (July 25, 2018): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2018-3-99-104.

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The unique biochemical composition of broad bean seeds (Vicia faba L. var. major Harz) makes them a promising vegetable crop. The quantity and quality of the yield of beans depends to a large extent on the mycoses caused by microscopic fungi. The aim of the work was to study the diseases of broad beans caused by microscopic fungi in the soil and climatic conditions of the South Central zone of the region. At the Botanical garden BelSU (Belgorod) on a natural infectious background were grown and studied of different broad beans varieties Belarusian, Velena, Russian black, Aquadulche. In some ye

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Kebede, Assefa Abadi, Goiteom Araya, Yirga Belay Kindeya, Weres Negash Golla, and Dargie Grmay. "Evaluation of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Varieties for Yield and Chocolate Spot (Botrytis fabae) Disease in Western Tigray, Ethiopia." International Journal of Pathogen Research 13, no. 5 (2024): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2024/v13i5312.

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Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) has an important pulse crop in Ethiopian. It is consumed in various forms and contributes to soil fertility improvement. However, its production and productivity are challenged by biotic and abiotic constraints. Chocolate spot is known as Botrytis fabae, is a significant biotic constraint that negatively impacts faba bean crops in highland areas of western Tigray. The aim of the study mentioned was to assess faba bean varieties for their grain yield and resistance to chocolate spot disease under field conditions. Field experiment was conducted at Welkayt and Tsegedie

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Elwakil, M. A., M. A. Abass, M. A. El-Metwall, and Mona S. Mohamed. "Green Chemistry for Inducing Resistance Against Chocolate Spot Disease of Faba Bean." Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (2015): 170–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jest.2016.170.187.

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30

Fitt, B. D. L., M. E. Finney, and N. F. Creighton. "Effects of irrigation and benomyl treatment on chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae) and yield of winter-sown field beans (Vicia faba)." Journal of Agricultural Science 106, no. 2 (1986): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600063899.

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SUMMARYIn 1976–7, 1977–8 and 1978–9 plots of winter-sown field beans, either irrigated in June and July or unirrigated, were treated with one or more sprays of benomyl or were untreated. The amounts of chocolate spot on field bean leaves and flowers were increased by irrigation and decreased by benomyl in all seasons. These effects were greater in 1977 and 1978, when there was respectively 76·5 and 82·4 mm rainfall in June, than in 1979, when there was 30 mm rainfall in June and less chocolate spot developed. Leaves half-way up stems of plants in irrigated, unsprayed plots had 11% of their are

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Marcellos, H., KJ Moore, and A. Nikandrow. "Influence of foliar-applied fungicides on seed yield of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in northern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 1 (1995): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950097.

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The effects of 5 foliar-applied fungicides on seed yield of faba bean (Vicia faba) cv. Fiord were studied over 3 years at Tamworth in northern New South Wales. In 2 seasons when the diseases chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae) and rust (Uromyces viciae-fabae) were significant, 5 applications of foliar fungicides after flowering increased yield, by up to 1.6 t/ha in 1990 and nearly 0.9 t/ha in 1992, compared with the unsprayed treatment.Mancozeb, dichlofluanid, and tebuconazole were the most effective fungicides for preventing yield reduction, and vinclozolin and procymidone had little or no effect

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32

Nazrul, MI, and MR Shaheb. "Performance of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes In Sylhet Region of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 19, no. 1 (2016): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v19i1.29867.

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An experiment was conducted at farming system research and development (FSRD) site, Jalalpur and multi location testing (MLT) sites, Zokigonj and Moulvibazar during 2013-2015 to evaluate the suitable varieties (genotypes) of French bean for maximize the seed yield of the farmers. The experimental design was a randomized complete block (RCB) with 6 dispersed replications. Eight bush bean genotypes were tested of which 3 were developed by BARI (var. BARI Jharsheem-1, BARI Jharsheem-2, BARI Jharsheem-3), five local accessions: Local-1(black), Local-2 (white colour with chocolate spot at hylum), L

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Mora-Baez, Guadalupe, Lucia Torres-Rueda, Antonio Morgado-Gonzalez, Cristian Nava-Díaz, Ramón Marcos Soto-Hernández, and Luis Manuel Carrillo-López. "Antifungal Activity on Botrytis fabae and Response of Agronomic Variables of Plant Extracts in Faba Beans." Microbiology Research 15, no. 4 (2024): 2687–702. https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres15040178.

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Chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae) is a disease that threatens faba bean production in Mexico, as it can cause up to 70% yield losses. Currently, indiscriminate fungicides combat this disease, leading to environmental and human health problems. In this context, the effect of applying ethanolic extracts of two native plants of Mexico (Litsea glaucescens and Tagetes erecta), and Ruta graveolens was evaluated under in vitro and field conditions, in comparison to a commercial fungicide (Benomyl®) on the percentage of inhibition, incidence, severity, and relevant agronomic variables (plant height, num

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Fan, Xuan, Jing Zhang, Long Yang, Mingde Wu, Weidong Chen, and Guoqing Li. "Development of PCR-Based Assays for Detecting and Differentiating Three Species of Botrytis Infecting Broad Bean." Plant Disease 99, no. 5 (2015): 691–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-14-0701-re.

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Botrytis cinerea, B. fabae, and B. fabiopsis are known to cause chocolate spot on broad bean. This study was conducted to develop polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays to detect and differentiate these three species. Two sets of primers, Bc-f/Bc-r for B. cinerea and Bfab-f/Bfab-r for B. fabiopsis, were designed based on two sequence-characterized amplified region markers derived from two random amplified polymorphic DNA assays. The other primer set, Bfa-f/Bfa-r for B. fabae, was designed based on the necrosis and ethylene-inducing protein 1 gene sequence. The three primer sets were high

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Abbas,, El, K. Ghoneem, Abeer Ali, and Sahar EI-Baz. "YIELD MAXIMIZATION AND CHOCOLATE SPOT CONTROL OF SOME FABA BEAN CULTIVARS BY ANTIOXIDANTS." Journal of Plant Production 31, no. 12 (2006): 7605–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jpp.2006.236419.

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36

Metwaly, Howida. "Control of Chocolate Spot Disease by Non Traditional Methods on Faba Bean Plants." Egyptian Journal of Phytopathology 42, no. 1 (2014): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejp.2014.96745.

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Guo, Zengpeng, Yan Dong, Kun Dong, Jinhui Zhu, and Liankun Ma. "Effects of nitrogen management and intercropping on faba bean chocolate spot disease development." Crop Protection 127 (January 2020): 104972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2019.104972.

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ABDU-ZEID, NAGY M., GOMAA A. EL-MORSY, AHMED M. HASSANEIN, MONIR M. EL-HADY, and SAIEDA S. ABDEL-RAHMAN. "ISOLATES OF BOTRYTIS SPP. AND THE CHOCOLATE SPOT OF FABA BEAN IN EGYPT." Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 76, no. 2 (1998): 479–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejar.1998.347294.

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Khazaei, H., W. Link, K. Street, and F. L. Stoddard. "ILB 938, a valuable faba bean (Vicia faba L.) accession." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 16, no. 5 (2018): 478–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262118000205.

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AbstractHere we review the potential of ILB 938 (IG 12132 – doi: 10.18730/60FD2), a unique faba bean accession originating from the Andean region of Colombia and Ecuador, maintained at ICARDA – International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, with resistance to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses and carrying some useful morphological markers. It has been used as a donor of leaf-related drought adaptation traits and chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae) resistance genes in faba bean breeding programmes worldwide. From generated populations of recombinant inbred lines, quantitative t

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Mbazia, Ahlem, Noura Omri Ben Youssef, and Mohamed Kharrat. "Effect of some chemical inducers on chocolate spot disease of faba bean in Tunisia." Journal of Crop Protection 5, no. 4 (2016): 541–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18869/modares.jcp.5.4.541.

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Zhang, Jing, Ming-De Wu, Guo-Qing Li, et al. "Botrytis fabiopsis, a new species causing chocolate spot of broad bean in central China." Mycologia 102, no. 5 (2010): 1114–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/09-217.

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Bankina, Biruta, Frederick L. Stoddard, Jānis Kaneps, et al. "Botrytis four species are associated with chocolate spot disease of faba bean in Latvia." Zemdirbyste-Agriculture 108, no. 4 (2021): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2021.108.038.

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El-Abssi, Mostafa, H. Rabi, H. Awaad, and Naglaa Qabil. "PERFORMANCE AND GENE ACTION FOR EARLINESS, YIELD AND CHOCOLATE SPOT DISEASE OF FABA BEAN." Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research 46, no. 6 (2019): 1825–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/zjar.2019.51882.

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Sahile, Samuel Woldemariam, Zewdu Teshome, and Mulugeta Kibret. "Integrated management of faba bean chocolate spot caused by Botrytis fabae in Gondar, Ethiopia." Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 51, no. 9-10 (2018): 461–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2018.1482648.

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Hanounik, S. B. "New Sources of Resistance in Vicia faba to Chocolate Spot Caused by Botrytis fabae." Plant Disease 72, no. 8 (1988): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-72-0696.

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Beyene, Asnakech Tekalign, John Derera, Julia Sibiya, and Asnake Fikre. "Gene action determining grain yield and chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae) resistance in faba bean." Euphytica 207, no. 2 (2015): 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10681-015-1536-7.

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Creighton, N. F., A. Bainbridge, and B. D. L. Fitt. "Epidemiology and control of chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae) on winter field beans (Vicia faba)." Crop Protection 4, no. 2 (1985): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-2194(85)90021-3.

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HARRISON, J. G. "The biology of Botrytis spp. on Vicia beans and chocolate spot disease-a review." Plant Pathology 37, no. 2 (1988): 168–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1988.tb02064.x.

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Koike, S. T. "Severe Outbreak of Chocolate Spot of Fava Bean, Caused by Botrytis fabae, in California." Plant Disease 82, no. 7 (1998): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.7.831b.

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Abstract:

A damaging disease developed on commercial fava bean (Vicia faba L.) in coastal California following heavy rains in January through March, 1998. Two symptom types were observed. The most common symptoms on leaves and stems were small (1 to 5 mm), circular to oblong, dark red spots. As disease progressed, spots coalesced and caused large red areas on leaves and stems. Secondly, large (8 to 12 mm), oblong to irregular, dark brown necrotic spots with concentric circles formed on leaves, resulting in blighting and death of foliage. Severely affected plants lost over 50% of foliage and pod developm

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Ahmed, MFA, EA Salem, MA Mahmoud, and SI Shaheen. "Management of Chocolate Spot Disease in Faba Bean Plants by using Biological Control Means." Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology 7, no. 3 (2023): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001120.

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Abstract:

gypt and many other countries of the world because the seeds offer a low-cost source of protein, lysine, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. Chocolate spot disease is a stress-related fungal disease produced by Botrytis fabae that causes plant damage, limits photosynthetic activity, and reduces yield. Results: Trichoderma atroviride greatly reduced mycelial growth by 90.00% in vitro, followed by T. harzianum (86.67%) and T. album (83.89%) on average. In vivo, all studied antagonists dramatically reduced Botrytis fabae disease incidence and severity in both seasons 2021/22 and 2022/23. T. at

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