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Journal articles on the topic 'Chocs de demande'
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1
Fathi, Elachhab. "Une analyse historiographique des causes du cycle économique en Tunisie*." Articles 83, no. 3 (May 28, 2008): 359–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/018114ar.
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Résumé Cet article se propose d’établir une analyse historiographique des causes du cycle économique en Tunisie sur la période qui va du 1er trimestre de 1970 au 2e trimestre de 2002. Un examen rétrospectif de l’écart conjoncturel de l’indice de production industrielle permet, d’abord, de fournir un diagnostic économique des causes des mouvements cycliques. Une classification des cycles permet, ensuite, de séparer ces causes en chocs d’offre et de demande, internes et externes. Une modélisation VAR d’une petite économie ouverte permet, enfin, de déterminer le poids réel des différents chocs dans le retournement cyclique et d’isoler les phases actives de forte volatilité, des phases calmes de faible volatilité. On montre alors : (i) que l’économie tunisienne est vulnérable aux chocs domestiques, d’offre et de demande, ainsi qu’à l’évolution de la conjoncture internationale; (ii) qu’il existe une prépondérance des chocs d’offre interne dans l’explication du cycle économique, notamment que les chocs de demande interne exercent un effet transitoire favorable relativement faible par rapport aux chocs d’offre; (iii) que la contribution des chocs externes est relativement faible et se trouve être, fondamentalement, expliquée par les chocs d’offre et (iv) que les mouvements cycliques sont caractérisés par une période active de forte volatilité, soit les années 1980-1990, suivie par une période relativement calme, les années 1990-2002.
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Bobtcheff, Catherine, Claude Crampes, and Yassine Lefouili. "Chocs de demande, effets d’apprentissage et exclusion." Revue économique 70, no. 3 (2019): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/reco.pr2.0142.
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Hénin, Pierre-Yves, and Pierre-Yves Henin. "L'impact à long terme des chocs de demande." Revue économique 45, no. 3 (May 1994): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3502370.
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Hénin, Pierre-Yves. "L'impact à long terme des chocs de demande." Revue économique 45, no. 3 (1994): 883–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/reco.1994.409578.
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Gilson, Nathalie, and Fabien Labondance. "Synchronisation des chocs d’offre et de demande en Europe – Un après-euro ou une après-crise des subprimes ?" Articles 89, no. 3 (June 3, 2014): 155–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1025396ar.
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Cette étude porte sur la synchronisation des chocs d’offre et de demande observés au sein des États membres de la zone euro et dans certains pays voisins. Basé sur la méthodologie de Blanchard et Quah (1989), cet article montre que la synchronisation des chocs s’est accrue au sein de la zone euro après l’éclatement de la crise des subprimes. Toutefois, une diminution de cette synchronisation apparaît sur la fin de la période analysée.
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Moussa, Hassouna. "Politique optimale de change pour la Tunisie." Articles 77, no. 1 (February 5, 2009): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/602346ar.
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RÉSUMÉ Nonobstant les coûts de transactions et d’incertitude, la théorie économique suggère qu’un taux de change flexible soit le meilleur choix pour un petit pays dont le secteur des produits non échangeables est important et dans lequel les chocs symétriques sont peu importants. Utilisant des données macroéconomiques couvrant la période 1961-1997, on montre dans un premier temps que le secteur des produits non échangeables en Tunisie est important. Dans un deuxième temps on estime un modèle VAR pour la Tunisie et un autre pour la France. Ceci permet d’estimer des chocs d’offre et des chocs de demande monétaires et non monétaires qui ont affecté les deux pays durant la période 1961-1997. L’étude des corrélations entre les chocs montre que les chocs symétriques sont peu importants. On en conclut qu’il serait mieux pour la Tunisie de continuer à opérer avec un régime de taux de change flottant en attendant une intégration plus grande avec l’économie européenne.
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Bec, Frédérique. "Impulsions dominantes et analyse des fluctuations de l’économie française." Articles 70, no. 1 (March 23, 2009): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/602127ar.
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RÉSUMÉL’approche des impulsions dominantes, dans la tradition de Brunner et Meltzer [1978], considère que les fluctuations économiques conjoncturelles sont dues à la composante non anticipée d’un ensemble d’impulsions explicites domestiques et étrangères. Bien que s’inscrivant dans cette approche, notre étude se propose de la reformuler dans un cadre statistique plus performant en utilisant les développements récents de l’économétrie des séries temporelles. L’analyse d’un modèle VAR incluant le PIB en volume, son déflateur, un agrégat monétaire, un indicateur des actions gouvernementales en matière de politique budgétaire, le prix des importations et la demande étrangère plaide en faveur d’une explication en termes d’impulsions multiples des fluctuations de l’économie française à court terme, et souligne l’importance de la prise en compte des chocs étrangers, et plus particulièrement des chocs de demande étrangère.
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Legrand, Romain. "L'effet dynamique des chocs d'offre et de demande agrégés." Revue économique 63, no. 1 (2012): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/reco.631.0129.
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El Ferktaji, Riadh, and Ferhat Mihoubi. "Les effets Balassa-Samuelson peuvent-ils expliquer la dynamique de l’économie Tunisienne?" Articles 85, no. 1 (May 18, 2010): 77–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/039735ar.
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Résumé Pour rendre compte des chocs qui ont affecté l’économie tunisienne durant les 20 dernières années, nous montrons dans un premier temps que des effets Balassa-Samuelson sont à l’oeuvre. Afin de reproduire les principaux faits stylisés, le modèle dynamique d’équilibre général bisectoriel (exposé et abrité) construit comporte, dans un contexte de concurrence monopolistique, des négociations salariales en présence d’une parfaite mobilité intersectorielle du travail et des rigidités nominales sur les prix. Ce modèle permet d’expliquer l’évolution du taux de change réel et des principaux agrégats. La forte dépréciation du taux de change réel en 1986-1988 peut être reproduite par un choc négatif de demande mondiale et par une modération salariale durant le programme d’ajustement structurel. L’appréciation du taux de change réel qui a suivi serait pour sa part la conséquence de gains de productivité dans le secteur exposé et de la levée des quotas européens sur le textile.
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SOFI, Irfan Ahmad, and Mohd Hussain KUNROO. "Chocs de demande et ajustements d'effectifs: la législation protectrice de l'emploi crée-t-elle des rigidités?" Revue internationale du Travail 157, no. 3 (September 2018): 513–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ilrf.12098.
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Babetskii, Jan. "L'adhésion des Peco (Pays d'E urope centrale et orientale) à l'Union européenne et l'endogénéité des chocs d'offre et de demande." Économie & prévision 163, no. 2 (2004): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ecop.163.0033.
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Babetskii, Jan. "Ladhésion des Peco (Pays dEurope Centrale et Orientale) à l'Union européenne et l'endogénéité des chocs d'offre et de demande." Économie & prévision 163, no. 2 (2004): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecop.2004.7341.
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Gu, Tiantian, Dezhi Li, and Lingzhi Li. "The Elderly’s Demand for Community-Based Care Services and Its Determinants: A Comparison of the Elderly in the Affordable Housing Community and Commercial Housing Community of China." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2020 (October 21, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1840543.
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With the rapid aging of the world population, great pressure has been placed on the provision of community-based care in China. This paper aimed to compare the demand and its determinants for various community-based care services among the elderly in the affordable housing community (AHC) and commercial housing community (CHC) of China. Two community-based surveys were conducted separately in the AHC and CHC of Nanjing City, China. In total, 408 valid questionnaires were returned from the Daishan AHC while 8422 valid questionnaires were received from the CHCs. The chi square test indicated that the respondents in the AHC had significantly higher demands for five types of services (the meal-aid service, the cleaning-aid service, the bath-aid service, the rehabilitation therapy service, and the first-aid service) than those in the CHCs of Nanjing. Further, the Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test showed that factors influencing the elderly’s demands for these services varied across communities. Several policy implications could be obtained to improve the efficiency of community-based care provision.
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Mutambudzi, Miriam, and Kene Henkens. "Chronic health conditions and work-related stress in older adults participating in the Dutch workforce." European Journal of Ageing 17, no. 4 (February 14, 2020): 499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10433-020-00554-x.
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AbstractThe proportion of workers with chronic health conditions (CHCs) will increase over the years as pension reform is increasing the age of retirement in many European countries. This will increase the percentage of older adults with CHCs performing highly demanding work. This study sought to examine the association between common CHCs [cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, arthritis, respiratory and sleep disorders] and three domains of work stress in older Dutch workers. This study used data from the first wave of the NIDI Pension Panel Study for working adults aged 60–65 years (n = 6793). Logistic regression models examined the strength of association between CHCs and (1) general work stress, (2) emotional, and (3) physical demands. All five CHC were independently associated with one or more domains of stress. After including all CHCs in the model, CVD, sleep disorders, and arthritis were significantly associated with general stress. Respiratory disorders, sleep disorders, and arthritis were significantly associated with physical demands. Diabetes (1.25, 95% CI 1.01–1.53), sleep disorders (1.99, 95% CI 1.72–2.31), and arthritis (1.18, 95% CI 1.06–1.31) were significantly associated with emotional demands. Our findings demonstrate that work stress is associated with prevalent CHCs, and these conditions are differentially associated with several domains of work stress in adults approaching retirement. More research is needed to understand the causal relationship between CHCs and work stress. Such research may provide insights for effective workplace and public health interventions to ensure that older workers remain physically and mentally healthy, and productive through their working years.
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Liu, Qian, Jianwei Shi, Dehua Yu, Hua Jin, Xuhua Ge, Hanzhi Zhang, and Zhaoxin Wang. "Evaluation and prospect of scientific research capacity ranking for community healthcare centres in China." Family Medicine and Community Health 8, no. 1 (March 2020): e000298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/fmch-2019-000298.
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The National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China has proposed to improve the medical capacity of general practitioners and the establishment of general practice in recent health reform. For the first time, the ability to conduct scientific research was included in this reform, which demands community healthcare centres (CHCs) to strengthen their research capacity. The evaluation of community scientific research capacity has become an important endeavour to promote the implementation of research in CHCs. Since 2016, our research team has been working on an evaluation system and has published the scientific research capacity ranking for the top 100 CHCs in China. The latest released ranking of scientific research capacities of China CHCs has aroused great attention in the country.
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Hu, Wei, Lin Li, and Mo Su. "Spatial Inequity of Multi-Level Healthcare Services in a Rapid Expanding Immigrant City of China: A Case Study of Shenzhen." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 18 (September 17, 2019): 3441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183441.
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Since the onset of reform and opening up in China, large cities in the nation have been experiencing problems related to limited medical resources. These resource limitations are due to rapid population growth and urban expansion. As the country’s fastest growing city, Shenzhen has experienced a substantial misalignment between the supply and the demand of healthcare services. Numerous researchers have analyzed spatial inequity in healthcare services by focusing on the spatial accessibility of medical facilities, such as hospitals, clinics, and community health service centers (CHSCs). However, the issue of inequity in healthcare services for vulnerable groups has largely been ignored. We chose general hospitals (GHs) and CHSCs, which provide direct healthcare services to residents, as the study objects. By performing spatial accessibility analysis using the gravity model and the two-step floating catchment area method, we investigated healthcare services inequity for vulnerable groups based on four dimensions: residential type, age, education level, and occupation. We found that the services provided by GHs cannot meet the demand in Shenzhen. This inadequacy is characterized by spatial centralization and neglect of those who reside in urban villages, who have low education levels, and who are employed in the manufacturing industry. In contrast, CHSCs generally serve a relatively broad population. This phenomenon is related to differences in the land and capital needs between GHs and CHSCs. Our study reveals that an appropriate adjustment of GH location could significantly improve healthcare services inequity. Therefore, to alleviate this inequity, it is particularly necessary to increase the number of GHs in the peripheral circle and in areas with large vulnerable populations, accelerate the implementation of the hierarchical medical system, and promote the transfer of medical resources to grassroot institutes through CHSCs. This study helps improve our understanding of healthcare services inequity in rapid expanding cities, which is of substantial significance for improving the planning and construction of medical facilities, facilitating scientific decision-making, and promoting social equity.
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Tabares-Ospina, Héctor, and Jesús Hernández-Riveros. "Pronósticos Demanda de Energía y Potencia a Corto Plazo. Caso de Estudio: Unidad de Control de Pronóstico Noroeste (Área Antioquia-Chocó)." TecnoLógicas, no. 23 (December 20, 2009): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22430/22565337.246.
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El objetivo de este artículo es hacer un estudio del estado del arte referido a la Gestión de la Demanda de Energía y Potencia, caso particular, área operativa Antioquia – Choco, el marco regulatorio y las demás labores anexas como la elaboración semanal del pronóstico de demanda, sus estadísticas e indicadores y la gestión necesaria para asegurar la calidad. Finalmente se presentan propuestas de investigación que se pueden derivar sobre el asunto estudiado.
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Goñi, Oscar, Patrick Quille, and Shane O’Connell. "Production of chitosan oligosaccharides for inclusion in a plant biostimulant." Pure and Applied Chemistry 88, no. 9 (September 1, 2016): 881–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2016-0701.
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AbstractThe use of biostimulants to enhance crop productivity is beginning to be adopted into mainstream agricultural practice. There is an emerging consensus on the critical role that low-cost and scalable chitosan oligosaccharide production systems can play in meeting the demands of this “greener” approach in agriculture. The objective of our research was to produce chitosan oligosaccharides (CHOS) mixtures that can work as plant biostimulants using cost effective enzymes. Commercial chitosans with a consistent formulation and available in bulk were used in the study. Chitosans were characterized in terms of degree of N-acetylation (pH-metric titration) and molecular weight (Ubbelohde viscometer). The yield of the CHOS were determined along with their physicochemical characteristics. The biological activity of the different CHOS mixtures were evaluated for efficacy against a fungal pathogen (F. oxysporum) in the susceptible tomato cultivar ‘Moneymaker’. The performance of some CHOS resulted in significant enhancements in a number of plant health indicators such as increased biomass, disease control and induction of ISR markers. Finally, the optimal CHOS preparation in terms of plant bioactivity was scaled up and validated by a preliminary field trial with the industrial tomato cultivar ‘H9661’. The effectiveness of this treatment on crop productivity was consistent with the results observed in the lab and similar to other commercial plant biostimulants.
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Olynk, Nicole J., Glynn T. Tonsor, and Christopher A. Wolf. "Verifying Credence Attributes in Livestock Production." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 42, no. 3 (August 2010): 439–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s107407080000362x.
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Livestock producers can respond to increasing consumer demand for certain production process attributes by providing verifiable information on the practices used. Consumer willingness to pay data were used to inform producer decision-making regarding selection of verification entities for four key production process attributes in the production of pork chops and milk. The potential for informing farm-level decision-making with information about consumer demand for product and production process attributes exists beyond the two products assessed as example cases in this analysis.
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Hayat, Samuel, and José María Rosales. "The Modernity of Political Representation." Contributions to the History of Concepts 15, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/choc.2020.150104.
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Representation is a major and multifaceted concept of modern politics. Through open and regular elections, it shields the democratic character of representative governments, compelling politicians to pursue the interests of their constituencies and become responsive to their demands. But since the concept of representation is so embedded in the day-to-day workings of democratic regimes, it has largely lost significant traces of its history that shed light on its political dawn. The instrumentalization of the concept by representative governments in order to assess their democratic legitimacy obfuscates its seminal ambiguities and the history of conflicts about its meaning and institutional functions.
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Leal, Bernardo. "Paulina Montaño demanda su libertad. Aproximación a una etnografía performativa de un pleito judicial, Chocó, 1738." Revista Colombiana de Antropología 46, no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 409–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22380/2539472x.1074.
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Con base en el pleito que la esclava Paulina Montaño entabló en contra de su amo Juan Caysedo, en el Chocó, entre 1738 y 1739, examino las posibilidades de intervención de los esclavos en la producción de los documentos, sus posibilidades para proseguir un juicio asimétrico en contra de sus propietarios y las acciones seguidas para obtener la libertad. Para estudiar el caso me apoyo en la “etnografía performativa”, la cual me brinda herramientas para una lectura distinta del proceso judicial.
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Chung, Vincent C. H., Polly H. X. Ma, Harry H. X. Wang, Jia Ji Wang, Lau Chun Hong, Xiaolin Wei, Samuel Y. S. Wong, Jin Ling Tang, and Sian M. Griffiths. "Integrating Traditional Chinese Medicine Services in Community Health Centers: Insights into Utilization Patterns in the Pearl River Region of China." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/426360.
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In China's healthcare reform, community health centers (CHCs) are designed to take a pivotal role in providing primary care. Whilst about 20% of all outpatient care in China is delivered by the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) sector, hospitals, instead of CHCs, are major providers. Using current patterns of patient utilization this study aims to inform CHCs on how they may strengthen access to TCM services. Three thousand three hundred and sixty CHC patients from six cities within the urban Pearl Delta Region were enumerated using multistage cluster sampling. Fifty-two percent had visited herbalists within three months with a mean visit frequency of 1.50 times. Herbal treatments, which are cheaper than western medicines, were more popular amongst those who needed to pay out of pocket including the uninsured. Herbal medicines appeared to be an alternative for those who are underinsured. Acupuncturists and massage therapists were visited by smaller proportions, 6.58% and 5.98%, respectively, with a mean three-month visit of 0.27 and 0.26 times. Access was restricted by lack of social insurance coverage. Whilst increasing provision of TCM in CHCs might respond to patient demand, increasing insurance coverage for TCM needs to be evaluated using current evidence on safety and effectiveness.
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Ríos Cuesta, Wilmer. "Competencias de argumentación y modelización en estudiantes de secundaria: la necesidad de un cambio de paradigma en la Educación Matemática del Chocó, Colombia." Pesquisa e Ensino 1 (July 2, 2020): e202020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37853/pqe.e202020.
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En este estudio presentamos una revisión documental de 50 trabajos que nos ofrecen una oportunidad para abordar parte de la problemática de la educación del departamento del Chocó, en Colombia, donde los resultados en las pruebas estandarizadas que realiza el Ministerio de Educación muestran que los estudiantes presentan dificultades en las tres competencias que evalúa la prueba Saber. Por otro lado, encontramos preferencia por el modelo transmisionista y por la memorización de contenidos. Para encarar esta problemática, situamos la mirada en dos competencias: la argumentación y la modelización. La argumentación permite remover dudas sobre un enunciado en particular y la modelización tiene una alta demanda cognitiva que requiere, conectar y relacionar datos e identificar regularidades que le permitan modelar un fenómeno. La integración de estas dos competencias a las prácticas de aula ofrece una alternativa al profesorado para un cambio de paradigma en la educación de los estudiantes del Chocó.
Palabras clave: Argumentación. Modelación. Competencia. Pruebas estandarizadas. Mediación.
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Vanajan, Anushiya, Ute Bültmann, and Kène Henkens. "Health-related Work Limitations Among Older Workers—the Role of Flexible Work Arrangements and Organizational Climate." Gerontologist 60, no. 3 (May 31, 2019): 450–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnz073.
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Abstract Background and Objectives Given their increasing prevalence with age, chronic health conditions (CHCs) are substantially affecting older workers and organizations. An important question is whether and how flexible work arrangements and organizational climates may help to reduce the work limitations experienced by older workers. Grounded on the Job Demand–Resource model, we hypothesize that access to flexible work arrangements (working-time flexibility, workplace flexibility, phased retirement) and supportive organizational climates (healthy ageing climate, psychological safety climate) are vital job resources that are associated with fewer health-related work limitations among older workers experiencing CHCs. Research Design and Methods Multilevel data were collected among 5,419 older workers (60–65 years) in 624 organizations in the Netherlands. Perceived health-related work limitations of older workers diagnosed with arthritis (N = 2,330), cardiovascular disease (N = 720), and sleep disorders (N = 816) were analyzed. Results Multilevel ordered logistic regression analyses revealed that perceived access to flexible working hours and a psychologically safe organizational climate was associated with fewer health-related work limitations among older workers with CHCs. Discussion and Implications Facilitating longer working lives is a key policy challenge within organizations, in particular if older workers are constraint by CHCs. This study shows that offering flexible working hours and ensuring a psychologically safe climate, where older workers with health issues are inclined to share their work needs and preferences, are likely to contribute to healthy ageing in the workplace.
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Kelly, T. Mills. "Feminism, Pragmatism or Both? Czech Radical Nationalism and the Woman Question, 1898–1914." Nationalities Papers 30, no. 4 (December 2002): 537–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2002.10540506.
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During a debate on the franchise reform bill in the Austrian Reichsrat on 12 September 1906, the Czech National Socialist Party deputy Václav Choc demanded that suffrage be extended to women as well as men. Otherwise, Choc asserted, the women of Austria would be consigned to the same status as “criminals and children.” Choc was certainly not the only Austrian parliamentarian to voice his support for votes for women during the debates on franchise reform. However, his party, the most radical of all the Czech nationalist political factions, was unique in that it not only included women's suffrage in its official program, as the Social Democrats had done a decade earlier, but also worked hard to change the political status of women in the Monarchy while the Social Democrats generally paid only lip service to this goal. Moreover, Choc and his colleagues in the National Socialist Party helped change the terms of the debate about women's rights by explicitly linking the “woman question” to the “national question” in ways entirely different from the prevailing discourse of liberalism infin-de-siècleAustria. In the last decades of the nineteenth century, liberal reformers, whether German or Czech, tried to mold the participation of women in political life to fit the liberal view of a woman's “proper” role in society. By contrast, the radical nationalists who rose to prominence in Czech political culture only after 1900, attempted to recast the debate over women's rights as central to their two-pronged discourse of social and national emancipation, while at the same time pressing for the complete democratization of Czech political life at all levels, not merely in the imperial parliament. In so doing, and with the active but often necessarily covert collaboration of women associated with the party, these radical nationalists helped extend the parameters of the debate over the place Czech women had in the larger national society.
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Calderón Leyton, Elia. "Resistencias, prácticas y narrativas interculturales." Revista CoPaLa, Construyendo Paz Latinoamericana Número 13, no. 13 (July 1, 2021): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35600/25008870.2021.13.0200.
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Este artículo se basa en el análisis de la interculturalidad y la Pedagogía que se han creado para dar respuesta a la demanda en educación intercultural, haciendo referencia a los pueblos indígenas y afrodescendientes en Colombia. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar algunos resultados parciales del proyecto de la práctica educativa intercultural de los estudiantes y profesores respecto de la educación intercultural en la institución educativa M.I.A. mestizo, indígenas y afros en el Choco, Colombia. El problema que se discute es la confrontación de saberes y conocimientos de personas pertenecientes a esferas culturales diferentes, en el marco de la educación intercultural en el contexto latinoamericano. Por último, se plantean posibles soluciones para mejorar la educación intercultural y lograr su revitalización.
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De la Hoz Reyes, Remberto Jesús. "Sobre la economía laboral." Dictamen Libre, no. 14-15 (December 1, 2014): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18041/2619-4244/dl.14-15.3131.
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La economía laboral, que atiende asuntos relativos a la oferta y la demanda de empleo y los salarios, es un asunto que en palabras del profesor Sapelli (2007), ha sufrido cambios rotundos en los últimos años. En el presente artículo se presentan algunas posiciones clásicas, neoclásicas e institucionalistas respecto a las formas de integración y programas económicos que ofrecen soluciones relativas a las variables económico-laborales. El diálogo parte de los aportes de la Escuela de Chicago esbozando a manera general la Teoría del Capital Humano, que encuentran eco en las políticas neoliberales, pero que choca con los postulados marxistas y neoinstitucionalistas que señalan rutas alternas. Del estudio se concluye la necesidad de llegar a una vía intermedia en la acepción del papel del Estado frente a dos variables claves: la educación y la inversión.
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Whaley, L., and J. Webster. "The effectiveness and sustainability of two demand-driven sanitation and hygiene approaches in Zimbabwe." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2011.015.
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Since 2000 a number of community-driven sanitation approaches have emerged that counter a historical trend to subsidise the provision of latrines to the poor. This study reports on a set of findings and conclusions concerning the effectiveness and sustainability of two such approaches operating in Zimbabwe, the community health club (CHC) approach and community-led total sanitation (CLTS). Surveys, interviews and focus groups were conducted in a total of ten project communities from three districts. Results show that, despite little resistance to the idea, a household's ability to own a latrine depends heavily on its ability to afford one. Affordability is also key in moving up the ‘sanitation ladder’, which is necessary if behaviour change is to be sustained in the long term. Whilst both approaches effectively encouraged measures that combat open defecation, only health clubs witnessed a significant increase in the adoption of hand washing. However, CLTS proved more effective in promoting latrine construction, suggesting that the emphasis the CHCs place on hygiene practices such as hand washing needs to be coupled with an even stronger focus on the issue of sanitation brought by CLTS.
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Algia, Hammami, and Gmidéne Samia. "Oil price volatility, macro-finance interactions and the role of monetary chocks." International Journal of Accounting and Economics Studies 3, no. 2 (July 25, 2015): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijaes.v3i2.4646.
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<p>This paper deals the impact of major external (monetary, financial, Oil supply, aggregate demand) shocks on the real oil price. For this reason, we use the structural VAR methodology (SVAR) on the basis of which we define five structural shock estimate SVAR models to determine the relationship between these five shocks.</p><p>This paper presents the dynamic effects of these shocks on the real oil price and estimates the estimated contribution of these shocks to real oil price during the M11995– M2 2013 periods. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to identify the structural shocks underlying the real oil price.</p><p>The results show that financial and monetary chocks are two key determinants of oil prices. The results indicate that the period of financial stress has contributed to the downturn of the economy by boosting the cost of credit and making businesses, households, and financial institutions highly cautious, and consequently to rise of oil price.</p>
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Lusk, Jayson L., Glynn T. Tonsor, Ted C. Schroeder, and Dermot J. Hayes. "Effect of government quality grade labels on consumer demand for pork chops in the short and long run." Food Policy 77 (May 2018): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2018.04.011.
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Chamussy, Henri. "Postmodernisme et nouveaux espaces en France." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 41, no. 114 (April 12, 2005): 357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/022674ar.
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Dans les sociétés postindustrielles, les nouveaux modes de vie, caractérisés par la facilité des communications matérielles et immatérielles entraînent un rapport à l'espace radicalement nouveau. C'est cet aspect de la postmodernité (notion fort polysémique) qui intéresse les géographes. On peut se demander si la mondialisation, qui semble inhérente aux sociétés postindustrielles, n'entraîne pas, par choc en retour, des replis identitaires, des «reterritorialisations», des retours à des conceptions de l'organisation de l'espace qui semblaient disparues à jamais. En France, le retour du pays (un des concepts fondateurs de la géographie française) comme cadre spatial et social d'aménagement et de développement local, tel qu'il est prévu par la Loi d'orientation pour l'aménagement (1995) connaît un succès étonnant. Malgré de fortes ambiguïtés, c'est peut-être l'amorce d'une revitalisation de la vie locale, échappant à un découpage administratif que l'on croyait intangible.
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Bocanegra Acosta, Henry. "La academia frente a las necesidades y demandas de las organizaciones sociales." Diálogos de saberes, no. 46 (June 1, 2017): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18041/0124-0021/dialogos.46.2017.2577.
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En este primer semestre de 2017, el país ha experimentado una serie de conflictos de orden laboral y social en los que han sido protagonistas trabajadores del Estado, de entidades como el Ministerio de Trabajo, profesores al servicio de la educación pública, jueces, fiscales y empleados de la rama judicial. A la par, los habitantes del departamento del Chocó y del distrito de Buenaventura se vieron obligados a recurrir a un paro cívico para lograr del Gobierno Nacional compromisos claros en materia de inversión pública que permitieran superar el evidente rezago que padecen en materia de infraestructura vial, salud, educación saneamiento básico y agua potable. Los sectores de trabajadores en conflicto y las comunidades movilizadas habían presentado, con debida antelación, los respectivos petitorios para que las autoridades competentes, especialmente nacionales, atendieran los reclamos, presentaran alternativas de solución acordes a los requerimientos planteados. Llama especialmente la atención el cese de actividades por parte de los docentes en el país que mantuvo paralizado por algo más de un mes el servicio educativo público. Su pliego de peticiones relacionaba varios puntos que tienen que ver con la calidad del servicio de salud que se les presta, las condiciones para la jornada única escolar, la nivelación salarial acordada anteriormente y, en particular, la fórmula para financiar la educación pública y con ello la reforma al Sistema General de Participaciones (SGP) que creó el Acto Legislativo 01 de 2001 reglamentado mediante la Ley 715 de 2001 y que permite establecer el monto de los recursos que la Nación transfiere a las entidades territoriales (departamentos, distritos. Municipios certificados) para sufragar los gastos en salud, educación, saneamiento básico y agua potable.
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Dauvin, Magali, Paul Malliet, and Raul Sampognaro. "Étude spéciale. Impact du choc de demande lié à la pandémie de la Covid-19 en avril 2020 sur l’activité économique mondiale." Revue de l'OFCE 166, no. 2 (2020): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/reof.166.0161.
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Eguiguren, Paul, Tatiana Ojeda Luna, Bolier Torres, Melvin Lippe, and Sven Günter. "Ecosystem Service Multifunctionality: Decline and Recovery Pathways in the Amazon and Chocó Lowland Rainforests." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 21, 2020): 7786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187786.
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The balance between the supply of multiple ecosystem services (ES) and the fulfillment of society demands is a challenge, especially in the tropics where different land use transition phases emerge. These phases are characterized by either a decline (from intact old-growth to logged forests) or a recovery of ES (successional forests, plantations, and agroforestry systems). This highlights the importance of ecosystem service multifunctionality (M) assessments across these land use transition phases as a basis for forest management and conservation. We analyzed synergies and trade-offs of ES to identify potential umbrella ES. We also evaluated the impact of logging activities in the decline of ES and M, and the influence of three recovery phases in the supply of ES and M. We installed 156 inventory plots (1600 m2) in the Ecuadorian Central Amazon and the Chocó. We estimated indicators for provisioning, regulating, supporting services and biodiversity. M indicator was estimated using the multifunctional average approach. Our results show that above-ground carbon stocks can be considered as an umbrella service as it presented high synergetic relations with M and various ES. We observed that logging activities caused a decline of 16–18% on M, with high impacts for timber volume and above-ground carbon stocks, calling for more sustainable practices with stricter post-harvesting control to avoid a higher depletion of ES and M. From the recovery phases it is evident that, successional forests offer the highest level of M, evidencing high potential to recover multiple ES after human disturbance.
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Cuesta-Borja, Teofilo, and Ditter Horcio Mosquera. "Evaluación estructural y funcional de los sistemas productivos urbanos en la ciudad de Quibdó, Chocó, Colombia." Revista Bioetnia 7, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.51641/bioetnia.v7i1.33.
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La mayor parte de la agricultura urbana permanece todavía en gran medida inexplorada y sin recibir reconocimiento y apoyo por parte de las entidades gubernamentales. Con el objetivo de caracterizar de manera estructural y funcional los sistemas productivos urbanos en Quibdó, Colombia, se analizó la vegetación por hábito de crecimiento y se hizo un diagnóstico rural rápido (DRR) sobre la utilización de las especies. El diagnóstico incluyó nivel de utilización de especies, importancia biofísica y demanda comercial. Los resultados indican que los habitantes de Quibdó utilizan como espacios para desarrollar la agricultura urbana el huerto casero mixto, la azotea, cultivo en materas y cría de animales. Se encontraron 58 especies incluidas en 51 géneros y 41 familias botánicas, distribuidas en el huerto en tres estratos: arbóreo, arbustivo y herbáceo. En el estrato arbóreo, Inga edulis, Bactris gasipaes y Zisigyum malacensis presentaron mayor CIE; en arbustivo, las representativas fueron, Musa spp, Carica papaya y Citrus lemon; en herbáceo, Ocimum sp, Eringyum foetidum y Petiveria alliacea. La importancia de estas especies, radica en su utilización en alimentación y medicina tradicional. Como conclusión se tiene que los sistemas productivos urbanos en Quibdó se orientan a suplir necesidades alimentarias y medicinales.
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Warkup, C. C. "Improving meat quality: the blueprint approach." BSAP Occasional Publication 17 (January 1993): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00001312.
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AbstractConsumer demand for meat is strongly influenced by sensory aspects of meat quality, particularly visual appeal and eating quality. One of the most important of these traits is tenderness which is notoriously complex in origin and hence difficult to control. Potential interactions between diet, pre-slaughter handling, chill rate, muscle shortening during chilling and, therefore, toughness are presented to illustrate the complexity of controlling the trait. The final eating quality result is far from predictable. The Meat and Livestock Commission (MLC) has identified the enhancement of eating quality of beef and pork as important objectives for industry. It has produced and tested blueprint specifications which aim to summarize the ‘best state of the art’ regarding eating quality at each stage of the production and processing chain. The strengths and weaknesses of this approach are discussed. The standard blueprint specification for pork produced an improvement in tenderness of 0.6 scale points (P<0.001, scale = 1 to 8) over random retail purchases of pork chops and a significant reduction in variance. However, considerable residual variation remains, providing the opportunity for greater improvements to be made in the future.
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Gélinas, Roselle, François Labarthe, Bertrand Bouchard, Janie Mc Duff, Guy Charron, Martin E. Young, and Christine Des Rosiers. "Alterations in carbohydrate metabolism and its regulation in PPARα null mouse hearts." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 294, no. 4 (April 2008): H1571—H1580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01340.2007.
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Although a shift from fatty acids (FAs) to carbohydrates (CHOs) is considered beneficial for the diseased heart, it is unclear why subjects with FA β-oxidation defects are prone to cardiac decompensation under stress conditions. The present study investigated potential alterations in the myocardial utilization of CHOs for energy production and anaplerosis in 12-wk-old peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor-α (PPARα) null mice (a model of FA β-oxidation defects). Carbon-13 methodology was used to assess substrate flux through energy-yielding pathways in hearts perfused ex vivo at two workloads with a physiological substrate mixture mimicking the fed state, and real-time RT-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to document the expression of selected metabolic genes. When compared with that from control C57BL/6 mice, isolated working hearts from PPARα null mice displayed an impaired capacity to withstand a rise in preload (mimicking an increased venous return as it occurs during exercise) as reflected by a 20% decline in the aortic flow rate. At the metabolic level, beyond the expected shift from FA (5-fold down) to CHO (1.5-fold up; P < 0.001) at both preloads, PPARα null hearts also displayed 1) a significantly greater contribution of exogenous lactate and glucose and/or glycogen (2-fold up) to endogenous pyruvate formation, whereas that of exogenous pyruvate remained unchanged and 2) marginal alterations in citric acid cycle-related parameters. The lactate production rate was the only measured parameter that was affected differently by preloads in control and PPARα null mouse hearts, suggesting a restricted reserve for the latter hearts to enhance glycolysis when the energy demand is increased. Alterations in the expression of some glycolysis-related genes suggest potential mechanisms involved in this defective CHO metabolism. Collectively, our data highlight the importance of metabolic alterations in CHO metabolism associated with FA oxidation defects as a factor that may predispose the heart to decompensation under stress conditions even in the fed state.
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Palacios-Mosquera, Leison, Olga Patricia Mena-Rojas, and Lothar Edwar Sánchez- Lozano. "Uso tradicional de osos perezosos (Brdypus variegatus y Choloepus hoffmanni) en seis municipios del departamento del Chocó, Colombia." Revista Bioetnia 7, no. 1 (June 2, 2010): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51641/bioetnia.v7i1.5.
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Con el fin de aportar los primeros elementos locales y regionales sobre los patrones de aprovechamiento de los Osos perezosos, (Bradypus variegatus and Choloepus hoffmanni) se realizaron 118 encuestas a pobladores (cazadores) en seis municipios de la región del Chocó-Central. Las encuestas fueron realizadas de forma individual: hombres (94%) y mujeres (6%) que manifes- taron haber tenido algún tipo de contacto con las especies. Se elaboraron matrices con las respuestas obtenidas por parte de los cazadores, a las cuales se les realizó un análisis descriptivo. Fueron documentados cuatro categorías de uso, el uso alimenticio y medicinal representan el 75%, el empleo del machete (37%) y la escopeta (27%) continúan siendo un importante métodos de cacería tradicional. Por su parte en las especies Pourouma chocoana Pithecellobium longifolium, Brosimun utile es donde se realiza el mayor numero de avistamientos y captura de ambas especie que en un 34% de los casos ocurre cuando el animal duerme; se evidencio la creencia en algunas propie- dades curativas de los perezosos su valoración cultural, lo que permite identificar la demanda de especies silvestres y constituyéndose en una herra- mienta importante para ejercer un control sobre el tráfico ilegal de las especies de perezosos y continuar los muestreos aquí iniciados.
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Meza-Díaz, Brigida, Ron Sawatzky, and Ergun Kuru. "Sand on Demand: A Laboratory Investigation on Improving Productivity in Horizontal Wells Under Heavy-Oil Primary Production—Part II." SPE Journal 17, no. 04 (September 4, 2012): 1012–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/133500-pa.
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Summary The cold-production-recovery process, also known as cold heavy-oil production with sand (CHOPS), is a method for enhancing primary heavy-oil production by aggressively producing sand. It is successful in vertical (or slanted or deviated) wells in western Canada. In this process, large amounts of sand are produced on a continuing basis along with heavy oil. Attempts at cold production in horizontal wells have not been particularly successful. When sand production has been generated in horizontal wells, these wells have tended to become plugged with sand. This paper presents the results of experiments performed to assess the feasibility of applying cold heavy-oil production in horizontal wells that have been completed with slotted liners using less-aggressive (i.e., managed) sand-production strategies. Specifically, the effects of slot size, confining stress, fluid velocity, and sand-grain sorting on sand production were investigated. The results indicate that slot-size selection is critical for establishing "sand on demand." From the experiments, a correlation between slot size and controlled sand production was found for well-sorted sands. This correlation should allow for the specification of appropriate slot sizes for target reservoirs containing well-sorted sands. In the experiments, when flow rates resulted in low but persistent sand production, channels and/or elliptical dilated zones were created that greatly enhanced the effective permeability near the slot. This observation suggests that producing at low and steady sand cuts for a long period of time might bring two benefits: a way to transport the sand out of the well without causing plugging and the creation of high-permeability channels or zones that can improve production from the reservoir. To summarize, if the appropriate slot size were combined with the right drawdown rates, controlled sand production could be achieved, with attendant significant increases in permeability. This suggests that substantially increased oil-production rates could be achieved from horizontal wells if sand-production rates could be maintained at low but persistent levels.
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Chauhan, E. S., and Sarita . "Development of Gluten-Free Food Products Incorporated by Germinated and Popped Finger and Pearl Millets." Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 55, no. 3 (July 5, 2018): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2018.55.3.18666.
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Recently, celiac disease is a prominent syndrome in developing countries and there is a growing demand for gluten-free foods. Availability of millets is easy and provides many opportunities for developing gluten-free foods. In this study food processing such as germination and popping were carried out to improve nutrients in millets and gluten-free food products were developed incorporating them at 10, 20 and 30%. Germinated Finger Millet Flour (GFMF) had ash (2.7 g/100g), fat (2.0 g/ 100g), crude fiber (4.5 g/100g), protein (8.7 g/100g), carbohydrate (69.2 g/100g), calcium (359.6 mg/100g) and iron (4.5 mg/100g). Popped pearl millet flour (PPMF) contained ash (2.2 g/100g), fat (5.9 g/100g), crude fiber (2.8 g/100g), protein (14.4 g/100g), carbohydrate (64.7 g/100g), calcium (51.2 mg/100g) and iron (8.9 mg/100g). Popping also enhanced ash, protein, carbohydrate, iron and phosphorus content in millets. Two products named fortified sweet pancake and millet dense halwa were prepared by incorporating GFMF and GPMF. Choco phirni and fritter snacks were developed by incorporating PFMF and PPMF. Sensory scores of the products revealed that 10% incorporation of all developed food products were best accepted. Thus incorporation of processed finger and pearl millets in developed food products helped in improving the nutrient contents and thus is a good alternative for celiac patients.
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Saint-Gelais, Richard. "Derniers épisodes." Dossier 38, no. 1 (January 14, 2013): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1013447ar.
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On sait le retentissement que le premier roman publié d’Hubert Aquin, Prochain épisode, a eu auprès de la critique de l’époque. Une fois passé le choc initial, ce qu’on semble y avoir surtout vu, c’est, hormis les diverses traces de la vie d’Aquin dans son roman, le déconcertant cocktail d’un propos politiquement très marqué et d’un travail formel ostensible, proche à certains égards du Nouveau Roman. Aussi le défi a-t-il longtemps consisté à trouver un point d’équilibre entre ces deux dimensions dont l’arrimage ne s’imposait pas d’emblée ; c’était là l’occasion, pour les critiques, de montrer leur savoir-faire mais aussi d’occuper, chacun à sa manière, une portion de l’échiquier mobile de la réception. Qu’en est-il, quelques décennies plus tard ? On peut, s’essayant à lire « par-dessus l’épaule » des analystes plus récents, se demander ce qu’est devenue, aujourd’hui — ou depuis 1995, disons — l’attention à son architecture formelle, à une époque où la désaffection à l’endroit de l’avant-garde et du formalisme en amène plusieurs à tenir ce genre de considérations pour datées. Il faudra bien entendu garder à l’esprit que les lectures tardives ne sont pas de nouveaux contacts virginaux avec un texte, mais le site d’une négociation, qui ne s’avoue pas toujours, avec l’histoire parfois erratique de ses lectures.
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Morgan, Kenneth. "Convict Runaways in Maryland, 1745–1775." Journal of American Studies 23, no. 2 (August 1989): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875800003765.
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That the newspaper press in the eighteenth-century Chesapeake colonies was chock-full of advertisements for runaway convicts is a clear indication of the significance of transportation to America in that period. The existence of convicts in Virginia and Maryland stemmed from the provisions of the Transportation Act passed by the British parliament in 1718. This stated that felons found guilty of non-capital crimes against property could be transported to America for seven years while the smaller number of criminals convicted on capital charges could have their death sentence commuted to banishment for either fourteen years or life. Between 1718 and 1775, when the traffic ended with the approach of war, more than 90 percent of the 50,000 convicts shipped across the Atlantic from the British Isles were sold by contractors to settlers in the Chesapeake, where there was a continuous demand for cheap, white, bonded labour. Though many convicts were people who had resorted to petty, theft in hard times rather than habitual criminals, they were often viewed with jaundiced eyes in the Chesapeake as purveyors of crime, disease and corruption. They also had to endure, along with slaves and indentured servants, the everyday reality of lower-class life in colonial America: the exploitation of unfree labour. It is therefore not surprising that many convicts, like other dependent labourers, tried to free themselves from bondage by escaping from their owners.
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Aksan, Astri, Aidawayati Rangkuti, and Agustinus Ribal. "Optimization of CV.Amanda Makassar Production Planning in the Time of Covid-19 Using Multiple Goal Linear Program Model." Jurnal Matematika, Statistika dan Komputasi 17, no. 2 (December 23, 2020): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jmsk.v17i2.11793.
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A research has been conducted on the use of multiple-goal linear program model to solve multi goals by taking the case of optimization of production planning at CV. Amanda Makassar during the Covid-19 period. In this research, four goals were formulated, that were (i) the fulfillment of the number of market demand, (ii) maximizing income, (iii) minimizing production costs, and (iv) maximizing working hours. Then for the optimal solution using LINGO 18 software. Based on the research results, the optimal production plan during the Covid-19 period resulted from the two different models for original brownies products where the results of the dual-purpose linear program model without target priority produced 16.118 original brownies and 32.400 packages from the dual-purpose linear program model with priority target with weight. For cream cheese brownies, there are 3.000 packages, 18.000 packages of sarikaya pandan brownies, 3.600 packs of choco marble brownies, pink marble brownies, tiramishu marble brownies, roasted brownies, and 1.800 packs of cappuccino marble brownies. Chocolate bananas bolen, pineapple molen, and chocolate ganache in 840 packages. Then for 15.000 packs of blueberry brownies, 960 packs of strawberry brownies, 360 packs of dry brownies, 2.400 banana cheese brownies, 300 packs of cheese bananas bolen, 600 packs of peanut butter, and 9.000 packs of pandan cake for a month. The maximum revenue obtained by the company with a multiple-purpose linear program model without target priority is Rp.628.602.000.- and the minimum production cost that the company must pay is Rp.495,048,300,-. Then for the multiple-purpose linear program model with target priority accompanied by a weight of Rp.4.299.480.000.- and the minimum production cost is Rp.3.394.366.000. The result shows that optimization using a multiple goal linear program model with goal priority provide optimal production which results in greater profit compared to the process (optimization) carried out by the company so far, which is only based on the number of demand.
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VanDevanter, Nancy, Milkie Vu, Ann Nguyen, Trang Nguyen, Hoang Van Minh, Nam T. Nguyen, and Donna R. Shelley. "Qualitative Assessment of Factors Influencing Implementation Effectiveness and Sustainability of Strategies for Increasing Tobacco Use Treatment in Vietnam Health Centers." JCO Global Oncology 6, Supplement_1 (July 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/go.20.23000.
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PURPOSE Effective strategies are needed to increase the implementation and sustainability of evidence-based tobacco dependence treatment (TDT) in public health systems in low- and middle-income countries. Our cluster randomized controlled trial (VQuit) found that a multicomponent implementation strategy was effective in increasing provider adherence to TDT guidelines in community health centers (CHCs) in Vietnam. In this paper, we present findings from a postimplementation qualitative assessment of factors that influence implementation effectiveness and program sustainability. METHODS We conducted semistructured qualitative interviews (N = 52) with 13 CHC medical directors (ie, physicians), 25 CHC health care providers, and 14 village health workers (VHWs) in 13 study sites. Interviews were transcribed and translated into English. RESULTS Facilitators of implementation effectiveness included training that increased confidence and skill, satisfaction with point-of-service tools, increasing patient demand for TDT, and, for the intervention arm, the value of a VHW referral system that reduced provider burden. The primary challenge to sustainability is the competing priorities driven by the Vietnam Ministry of Health, which may result in fewer resources for TDT compared with other health programs. However, providers and VHWs described several options for adapting the implementation strategies to address challenges and increase the engagement of local government committees and other sectors to sustain gains. CONCLUSION Our findings offer insight into how a multicomponent implementation strategy influenced changes in the delivery of evidence-based TDT. In addition, these results illustrate the dynamic interplay between barriers to and facilitators of sustaining TDT at the policy and community/practice level, particularly in the context of centralized public health systems, like that of Vietnam. Sustaining gains in practice improvement and clinical outcomes will require strategies that include ongoing engagement with policymakers and other stakeholders at the national and local level, as well as planning for adaptations and subsequent resource allocations, to meet Article 14 goals.
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Bartha, Andrea. "Pricing in the pig production." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 29 (July 28, 2008): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/29/2965.
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During my research work I will exame the state of pig production and the pigmeat trade in Hungary as well as in the EU. In this article I am looking at this branch, I plan to ask consumers about this topic. There is no point in importing pork if there is no market for it. The reality is that we like what is new, unusual and different. What lies behind this way of thinking?Everybody agrees, consumer habits differ culturally, and this is true in European countries as well. I find it interesting to examine what parts of the pig are favoured the most by consumers in certain countries. As habits are different we can say that certain countries prefer pork chops while on other countries’ menus pork knuckles can be found. If we follow this train of thought it becomes apparent that due to these differences the price of pork varies from country to country.According to figures, it is clear that certain countries are able to produce pork products cheaper. Since market works on the principle of supply and demand, those who offer their products cheaper will have a greater chance of remaining in this sector. Those on the other hand who can only produce their products at a higher price will eventually disappear from the market. The price is determined by the rate of the forint to the euro. Today’s strong forint is leading to the growth in imports. Recently, pork exports have fallen, but if the rate were to be 280 forints as it has been in the past, then it would be more favourable to sell pork products.As Hungarian prices are high, meat processing companies are forced to import from neighbouring countries, which means a cheaper source of product. This has led to a decrease in the number of pig in Hungary meaning that we are now an overall importer of pork products rather than an exporter.
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Silva-Buzanello, Rosana Aparecida da, Daneysa Lahis Kalschne, Silmara Maisa Heinen, Claudete Pertum, Alexia Francielli Schuch, Marinês Paula Corso, and Cristiane Canan. "Pork: profile of the West of Paraná consumers and physical evaluation of chop." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 6 (November 23, 2017): 3563. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n6p3563.
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Pork consumption in Brazil is still low despite its productive importance. Relevant issues such as swine breeding, meat quality, and evaluation of aspects and attributes considered important by pork consumers at the time of purchase allows identifying consumer market demands. Moreover, physical parameters evaluation or pork cuts are suggested to certify the meat quality. The aim of this study was to identify the current situation of pig farming and determine the main aspects considered by consumers when buying pork in the Western region of Paraná state, Brazil. Furthermore, the physical properties of five pork chop brands marketed in the region were determined. Initially, an exploratory research was conducted involving ten pig farming sector professionals. This research allowed identifying that professionals understand the factors affecting meat quality and that some municipalities in the region are beyond their absorption capacity for pig production market. A descriptive research involving one hundred pork consumers showed that, although most prefer beef, 41% reported to consume pork 2 to 3 times a week. Pork chops and ribs are the preferred cuts, either fried or roasted. Details such as expiration date and federal inspection register were considered the most important aspects at the time of purchase, while price was the least important one. The meat color was the most mentioned sensory attribute. The physical analyses of five pork chop brands showed no pH difference (p > 0.05), water holding capacity, and cooking loss results, distinctive from the one observed for color (L*, a* and b*) and shearing force, which showed differences among the brands (p ? 0.05). Comparing pH and L*, it can be suggested that two brands showed normal meat characteristics, one DFD meat (pH > 6.0 and L* < 45), and other two brands PSE (pH < 5.8 and L* > 50). The research contributed to identifying features considered important by pork consumers, suggesting strategic actions to achieve greater preference and consumption index. The evaluation of physical parameters showed there is variability involved in pork chop quality as the samples were obtained from commercially different origins and under different processing and storage conditions.
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Dème, Moustapha, and Djiga Thiao. "Politiques de pêche et innovations adaptatives des pêcheries artisanales sénégalaises." Natures Sciences Sociétés, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/nss/2021039.
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Ces dernières décennies, les pêcheries artisanales sénégalaises ont été marquées par d’importantes innovations en réponse aux politiques de pêche et aux fluctuations de l’abondance des ressources. Cet article aborde l’adéquation des politiques avec les contraintes et les enjeux du secteur dans une perspective d’intégration des innovations dans la prise de décision. Il apparaît que les tentatives de modernisation en remplaçant les pirogues par des bateaux semi-industriels ont échoué. La capacité des pêcheurs à considérer de nouvelles innovations et stratégies a pu garantir plus de viabilité et de résilience à leurs activités. L’adaptabilité leur a permis de réagir à divers chocs exogènes d’ordre économique et à la variabilité de l’abondance et de la demande en poisson. Ces interactions adaptatives entre capital naturel et capital humain confortent la notion de « durabilité faible » dans le domaine de la pêche.
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Palacios, Walter A., and Nubia Jaramillo. "Árboles amenazados del Chocó ecuatoriano." Avances en Ciencias e Ingeniería 8, no. 14 (December 22, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.18272/aci.v8i1.508.
Full textAbstract:
Presentamos un análisis del estado de amenaza de cerca de 25 especies forestales del noroccidente de Ecuador, las cuales son demandadas por su madera. Revisamos datos sobre inventarios forestales extensivos realizados en la zona, las estadísticas del Ministerio del Ambiente sobre el aprovechamiento maderero, datos de colecciones depositadas en el Herbario Nacional del Ecuador y de la base de datos Tropicos.org (Missouri Botanical Garden), información sobre los cambios de cobertura vegetal que pudieran afectar las poblaciones, y las categorías y criterios de la Lista Rojo de la UICN (Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza). Nuestro análisis muestra que hay una fuerte corelación entre la abundancia y demanda de la madera versus el grado de amenaza de estas especies. Se concluye que siete especies de árboles del Chocó Ecuatoriano están seriamente amenazadas (Carapa amorphocarpa, C. megistocarpa, Caryodapnopsis theobromifolia, Magnolia dixonnii, Nectandra guadaripo, Magnolia striatifolia, Parinari romeroi).We present an analysis on the threat status of about 25 species of trees from northwestern Ecuador, which are in demand for timber. We reviewed data on extensive forest inventories carried out in the region, logging statistics from the Ministry of Environment, data from collections deposited at the Herbario Nacional del Ecuador and from Tropicos.org database (Missouri Botanical Garden), information on land cover changes that may affect populations, and the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria of risk extinction (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources). Our analyses show that a strong correlation between abundance and demand versus the degree of threat to timber species. It is concluded that seven species of trees from the Ecuadorian Choco are seriously threatened (Carapa amorphocarpa, C. megistocarpa, Caryodapnopsis theobromifolia, Magnolia dixonnii, Nectandra guadaripo, Magnolia striatifolia, Parinari romeroi).
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Palacios, Walter A., and Nubia Jaramillo. "Árboles amenazados del Chocó ecuatoriano." ACI Avances en Ciencias e Ingenierías 8, no. 14 (December 22, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.18272/aci.v8i14.508.
Full textAbstract:
Presentamos un análisis del estado de amenaza de cerca de 25 especies forestales del noroccidente de Ecuador, las cuales son demandadas por su madera. Revisamos datos sobre inventarios forestales extensivos realizados en la zona, las estadísticas del Ministerio del Ambiente sobre el aprovechamiento maderero, datos de colecciones depositadas en el Herbario Nacional del Ecuador y de la base de datos Tropicos.org (Missouri Botanical Garden), información sobre los cambios de cobertura vegetal que pudieran afectar las poblaciones, y las categorías y criterios de la Lista Rojo de la UICN (Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza). Nuestro análisis muestra que hay una fuerte corelación entre la abundancia y demanda de la madera versus el grado de amenaza de estas especies. Se concluye que siete especies de árboles del Chocó Ecuatoriano están seriamente amenazadas (Carapa amorphocarpa, C. megistocarpa, Caryodapnopsis theobromifolia, Magnolia dixonnii, Nectandra guadaripo, Magnolia striatifolia, Parinari romeroi).We present an analysis on the threat status of about 25 species of trees from northwestern Ecuador, which are in demand for timber. We reviewed data on extensive forest inventories carried out in the region, logging statistics from the Ministry of Environment, data from collections deposited at the Herbario Nacional del Ecuador and from Tropicos.org database (Missouri Botanical Garden), information on land cover changes that may affect populations, and the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria of risk extinction (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources). Our analyses show that a strong correlation between abundance and demand versus the degree of threat to timber species. It is concluded that seven species of trees from the Ecuadorian Choco are seriously threatened (Carapa amorphocarpa, C. megistocarpa, Caryodapnopsis theobromifolia, Magnolia dixonnii, Nectandra guadaripo, Magnolia striatifolia, Parinari romeroi).
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Kumar, Kuldeep, H. R. Meena, K. S. Kadian, B. S. Meena, Gunjan Bhandari, and Jasvinder Kaur. "Farmers’ Attitude towards Custom Hiring Centers: An Exploratory Study in Punjab." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, September 4, 2021, 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2021/v40i2131471.
Full textAbstract:
Stubble burning is a major threat to environment in trans- gangetic plain region, where there exists bright prospect to reap the benefits of custom hiring centers by leveraging the suitable farm machinery helpful in overcoming the stubble burning issue. Present study was conducted in Punjab state and three districts namely, Ludhiana, Sangrur, Moga were selected purposively due to highest stubble burning cases in last five years. From each district two block were selected randomly. Subsequently, three villages from each block were randomly selected. Finally, from each village 20 respondents were selected randomly constituting of total 360 farmers. Two scales were constructed exclusively for the study in order to measure the attitude of farmers towards custom hiring centres (CHCs) and elicitation of perception regarding stubble burning. Results indicated that majority of the respondents had favorable attitude towards CHCs, followed by 22.78 per cent of respondents having neutral attitude towards CHCs and only 8.89 per cent of respondents has unfavorable attitude towards CHCs. CHCs were not sufficient in number to cater the high demand during the peak seasons. Those machines which are of least demand should be replaced by machines with high demand. Majority of the respondents agreed that crop residue burning has a negative effect on plant health, air, human health, animal health, biodiversity, vehicular traffic and soil health. It was found that less than half (47.23%) of the respondent had high level of perception.