Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chocs extérieurs'
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Ndiaye, Cheikh Tidiane. "Chocs extérieurs et politiques monétaire et budgétaire : le cas du Sénégal." Thesis, Orléans, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ORLE0503.
Full textIl is time, after 50 years of independence, to shed light on Senegalese economic performance by focusing on the GDPgrowth path and the role of stabilization policies. Indeed, the behaviors of the Senegalese economic structures are dependent on the vagaries of the international context. These are hardly controllable by the monetary and budgetary authorities. This thesis has proposed to characterize the cyclical growth and analysis of categories of shocks affecting the economy of Senegal. It has distinguished external shocks from fluctuations induced by the functioning of the economy and assessed the ability of monetary and budgetary instruments to deal with them. Thus, there has been discussion of a glimpse of the use and nature of monetary and budgetary policies implemented according to the types of shocks affecting the economy of Senegal.The results suggest the presence of heightened volatility of the cyclical component and a high frequency of breaks intrend. Senegal is highly affected by shocks that are mainly external with some significant persistence. Even though the GDP persistence has decreased particularly since the devaluation of 1994, some structural reforms are needed in order to reinforce the resilience to shocks and the macroeconomic stabilization. These reforms consist in mitigating deficiencies mainly in the productive sector and in the financial. Similarly, the BCEAO’s monetary policy does not sufficiently stabilize the specific shocks of Senegal while national budgetary policy adjusts to external shocks within avery limited scope. The intensity of these shocks is dependent upon the structure of the economy
Ndiaye, Cheikh Tidiane. "Chocs extérieurs et politiques monétaire et budgétaire : le cas du Sénégal." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ORLE0503.
Full textIl is time, after 50 years of independence, to shed light on Senegalese economic performance by focusing on the GDPgrowth path and the role of stabilization policies. Indeed, the behaviors of the Senegalese economic structures are dependent on the vagaries of the international context. These are hardly controllable by the monetary and budgetary authorities. This thesis has proposed to characterize the cyclical growth and analysis of categories of shocks affecting the economy of Senegal. It has distinguished external shocks from fluctuations induced by the functioning of the economy and assessed the ability of monetary and budgetary instruments to deal with them. Thus, there has been discussion of a glimpse of the use and nature of monetary and budgetary policies implemented according to the types of shocks affecting the economy of Senegal.The results suggest the presence of heightened volatility of the cyclical component and a high frequency of breaks intrend. Senegal is highly affected by shocks that are mainly external with some significant persistence. Even though the GDP persistence has decreased particularly since the devaluation of 1994, some structural reforms are needed in order to reinforce the resilience to shocks and the macroeconomic stabilization. These reforms consist in mitigating deficiencies mainly in the productive sector and in the financial. Similarly, the BCEAO’s monetary policy does not sufficiently stabilize the specific shocks of Senegal while national budgetary policy adjusts to external shocks within avery limited scope. The intensity of these shocks is dependent upon the structure of the economy
Saint-Alary, Eric. "L'adaptation de l'industrie aux chocs extérieurs en Afrique subsaharienne : Le cas du Ghana et du Sénégal." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010013.
Full textThe purpose of the thesis is to examine if and how stabilization measures taken in response of external shocks in Ghana and in Senegal have interfered with long term industrial development measures since the 1960's. A thorough analysis of structural weaknesses in the sector starts the research. A critical review of hypotheses and mechanisms referring to the standard models of dutch disease and construction booms follows. Two transmission channels - operating through relative prices and through variation of revenue - are identified by these models. Both types of indicators are then built to examine of shocks affects manufacturing in Ghana and in Senegal. Price effects appears to be quantitatively larger than revenue effects but they often contradict theoretical expectations. On the other hand, revenue effects reflects more accurately sectorial evolution. Finally, a study of competitiveness in the sector shows that its overall poor performance has to do with existing key contradictions between macro-economic stabilization and long term industrial policies in both countries
Janin, Pierre. "L'immuable, le changeant et l'imprévu : les économies de plantation bamiléké et béti du Cameroun confrontées aux chocs extérieurs." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040055.
Full textThe recent cash crops’ crisis tends to accelerate social and economic changes in bamileke's and beti's cocoa and coffee small-holdings : a large number of planters have adopted defensive behaviors such as agricultural diversification, look for more secure activities, or rentier investments. In 1993 hope for an economical recovery was still in the minds, in spite of financial and political problems. So that very few planters were willing to cut their cocoa or coffee trees. However, it seems clear that adjustment policies planned by the world and the IMF have had some dramatic consequences on farming systems: reorganization of parastatals societies, disappearance of financial subsidies, of the marketing boards, and of the "prix minimum garanti". Consequently, as regards to the macro-economical situation, one can wonder if export crops' economy will survive in the next few years. The changing role played by cocoa or coffee in modeling each precolonial and present society is also discussed. The new behaviors - or those that seem new - are closely related to the collective and permanent ways of thinking. Do these societies have the ability to face such a complex crisis? Are they enough flexible to improve social change?
Estrades, Carmen. "Une analyse de l'impact de chocs extérieurs et de réformes de politique commerciale sur la pauvreté et l’inégalité en Uruguay." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40029/document.
Full textThe aim of this dissertation is to evaluate different external shocks and trade policies on a small open economy such as Uruguay, making an emphasis in understanding the channels of transmission of the shocks to income distribution and poverty in the country. Specifically, I evaluate two external shocks –the recent financial crisis and an increase in food and oil prices- and one trade policy –the negotiation of a free trade agreement between MERCOSUR (conformed by Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay) and the European Union. For doing so, I apply different general equilibrium models: two different static single country models and one global dynamic model, MIRAGE-HH, which includes household disaggregation. The CGE models are combined with microsimulation techniques: non-parametric microsimulations and micro-accounting methods. Results show that the channels of transmission of trade policies and external shocks are diverse and complex and they may have opposite effects on welfare and poverty. They also highlight the fact that the impact on different population groups is not even. In some cases, positive shocks on the economy may still harm population groups. In most cases,iiithey are the already vulnerable population who count with fewer resources to counteract negative shocks. For this reason, it is important to also evaluate policy responses to prevent this negative impact on the poor
Lennon, Zaninovic Carolina. "Trois études sur la mondialisation des services : en quoi se différencie-t-elle de la mondialisation des biens matériels? : Et une étude sur la vulnérabilité des pays face aux chocs extérieurs." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010034.
Full textDerbel, Hatem. "Commerce extérieur, chocs et fluctuations de l’emploi : le cas de la Tunisie." Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100010.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to introduce imperfect competition in the analysis of the relations between trade and employment to better explain the intra- and inter-sectoral fluctuations of employment (while determining the nature of interactions). It is also to determine the respective contributions of foreign trade and technical progress. We take Tunisia as a case study. Regarding the impact of intra-industries trade on the adjustment of employment, we conducte an empirical study using Brulhart and Thorpe’s (2000) model. This study has allowed us to show that the smoot adjustment hypothesis is verified and that the most pertinent indicator to measure intra-industries trade is A of Brulhart. To study the contribution of shocks to supply and demand on sectoral employment fluctuations, we use a SVECM model. Our results show that the long-term technical progress creates employment only in the Diverse Industry and Industry of Building Materials Ceramics and Glass but that it destroys employment in the sector of Electrical Mechanical Industry. While foreign trade creates employment in Diverse Industry and the Electrical Mechanical Industry, a destruction of employment is observed in the sector of Chemical Industry. Concerning our sectoral study, the use a VECM model, based on Cooper and Haltiwanger (1996) shows the presence of strong strategic complementarities between most sectors. No strategic substitutabilities are observed
Koukoui, Rahamane. "Persistance de l'instabilité marcoéconomqiue extérieure et des chocs budgétaires et soutenabilité de la dette extérieure : Cas de la Côte d'Ivoire." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS017S.
Full textSangare, Ibrahima. "Essays on exchange rate policies and monetary integration." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0381/document.
Full textThis thesis investigates the choice of exchange rate regimes in specific economic contexts. The first part of this work (Chapters 1 and 2) considers the case of small open economies with foreign-currency denominated debt and that of a region where there is a similarity among trade-weighted currency baskets of countries. The second part of the thesis (Chapters 3 and 4) focuses on the study of exchange rate regimes and monetary integration in a liquidity trap environment relative to “tranquil” times. Based on dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models and Bayesian and Panel data econometrics, the thesis mainly uses the analyses of impulse responses, welfare and currency misalignments as comparison criteria among alternative currency regimes.The key lessons from this work are summarized as follows. For small open economies heavily in debted in foreign currency, like those of Southeast Asia, the flexible exchange is the best regime, followed by intermediate and fixed exchange rate regimes. At the regional level, it is shown that the exchange rate targeting regime leads to a stability of intra-regional bilateral exchange rates, which is a sort of fixity of exchange rates similar to a “de facto currency area”. In the context of a liquidity trap, we find that, contrary to common belief during the Euro area crisis, the currency union welfare dominates the independent floating regime. Only a central bank intervention in the form of a managed float policy could allow the independent floating to outperform the monetary union.Through both the empirical and theoretical analyses of the liquidity trap effects on currency misalignments, it is shown that the ZLB constraint tends to reduce currency misalignments compared with the independent floating policy. This suggests a reinforcement of the monetary integration within a monetary union during the liquidity trap
Xiang, Shuyang. "Sur la dynamique des fluides dans le domaine de communication extérieur d'un espace-temps de Schwarzschild." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066179/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to fluid dynamics evolving in the domain of outer communication of a Schwarzschild black hole. In the first chapter, we formulate the initial value problem of the relativistic Euler model within a class of weak solutions with bounded variation, possibly containing shock waves. We then introduce a version of the random choice method founded on the global steady state solutions and the generalized Riemann problem and we establish a global-in-time existence theory for the initial value problem within the proposed class of weakly regular fluid flows. In the second chapter, we consider the relativistic Burgers model. We have introduced a version of the total variation which is decreasing with respect to time in the Cauchy problem. We also use the generalized characteristics to prove the nonlinear stability of a piecewise steady state solution. In the third chapter, we present some numerical methods based on the Schwarzschild geometry and study numerically the nonlinear stability of steady state solutions and the asymptotic behavior of a general solutions. The proposed schemes provide a numerical tool capable to preserve exactly the equilibria and allow us to analyse the evolution of fluids with the geometry effects
Lemus, Antonio. "Les effets des chocs internes et externes sur une petite économie ouverte : le cas du Chili." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100141/document.
Full textThe economic globalization is probably the main feature of the 21st century world economy, with economic integration and interdependence of national economies across the world particularly common in commodity and financial markets. Such a context greatly affect all types of economies though those small, dependent on commodity exports, and open to global financial markets are usually the most exposed. Having in mind this scenario, in this Ph.D. dissertation we explore the effectiveness of the Chilean fiscal policy and the effects of commodity prices and foreign financial shocks, on the Chilean GDP and other macroeconomic fundamentals using an empirical approach based on alternative vector autoregressive models.To understand the effectiveness of the country’s fiscal policy aiming at guarantying macroeconomic stability, in the Chapter 1 of this Ph.D. dissertation we study the dynamic effects of fiscal policy on the Chilean macroeconomic fundamentals and the size of fiscal multipliers. Chapter 2 examines how shocks to commodity prices affect the Chilean economic output, fiscal accounts and private consumption, based on correlations analysis and vector autoregression models. In the Chapter 3 of this Ph.D. dissertation we study the effect of foreign financial shocks on the Chilean real economy
Mokbel, Rita. "Systemic risk in financial economic institutions." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2080.
Full textFinancial crisis pose important theoretical problems on creating reliable indicator of stability of financial systems on which basis the regulators could intervene. The thesis proposes a dynamic model of banking system were the central bank can calculate an indicator of potential defaults taking into consideration the probability for a bank to default and the losses encountered in the financial network, a methodology that can improve the measurement, monitoring, and the management of the systemic risk. The thesis also suggests a clearing mechanisms : 1- in a model with seniority of liabilities and one type of liquid asset whose fire sale has a market impact, 2 - in a model with crossholdings among the banks whose interbank liabilities may be senior and junior and with one liquid asset whose firing sale has a market impact
Sattler, Verena. "Entre chocs pétroliers et conflit israélo-arabe : la France et l’institutionnalisation de la politique proche-orientale de la Communauté Européenne : de la création de la Coopération Politique Européenne en 1969/70 à la déclaration de Venise de 1980." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040078.
Full textBy launching European Political Cooperation (EPC) in 1969/70 the six member states of the European Community (EC) openend a new chapter in the history of European Integration. Henceforward the six member states consulted each other in foreign policy issues in order to develop commun positions where possible. From the beginning France showed the greatest interest in putting the Middle East on the European agenda. As the two oil price shocks of 1973/74 and 1979 put a strain on the euro-arab relations the other member states of the EC supported the French request to develop a commun European Near-Eastern policy. Consequently, the 1970ies were marked by a process of institutionalisation of commun policy towards that region that was, on theone side, based on common European declarations, and, on the other side, on a more intense euro-arab cooperation in the field of economics, and this especially within the framework of the euro-arab dialogue. Both under the presidency of Georges Pompidou and under the presidency of Valéry Giscard d’Estaing France can be described as motor of the development and the extension of euro-arab relations. Even if the French diplomacy that tried to make her Near-Eastern policy a common European policy has not always been crowned with succes the common Brussels declaration of November 1973 and especially the common Venicedeclaration of June 1980 reflect clearly the pro-Palestinian stance of France
Encontre, Pierre. "Détermination du taux de change d'équilibre en économie sous-développée : application à huit pays d'Afrique centrale." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CLF1D030.
Full textLeissing, Thomas. "Propagation d'ondes non linéaires en milieu complexe - Application à la propagation en environnement urbain." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00455590.
Full textHeipertz, Jonas. "Three Essays in Financial Networks and Shock Propagation." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0106.
Full textFinancial inter-dependencies are since the financial crisis at the forefront of macroeconomic research and policy making. The world had painfully learned how small and localized events can travel through the global financial system with huge repercussions for the real economy. Since then, many studies have analyzed the propagation properties of given financial exposure networks. Each day, however, large amounts of financial assets are traded and financial institutions’ balance-sheets change in response to new information, regulation or monetary policy. Changes in exposures crucially affect the transmission of shocks. This thesis develops general equilibrium frameworks that show how financial networks emerge endogenously from trade in financial assets between heterogeneous institutions. I use micro and macro-level datasets including confidential data from the Banque de France to structurally identify risk-preferences, institutions' beliefs about the distribution of future financial asset returns, and the specific constraints that drive financial network formation. The thesis also derives an explicit firm-level link of financial networks to an economy's productive structure.Chapter 1 of the thesis shows how firm-level productivity shocks propagate through financial networks. If firms need external funds to finance capital expenditure, banks create linkages between them that go beyond their input-output relationships. These links can affect aggregate output. The chapter builds a multi-sector production model of heterogeneous firms that are financed by heterogeneous leverage targeting banks. Banks are themselves connected through bilateral cross-holdings. Endogenous financial asset prices introduce a new propagation channel of productivity shocks. Structural parameters such as bank-level leverage constraints determine the strength of this channel and one statistic is sufficient to capture it. I use confidential matched bank-firm-level data from the Banque de France on corporate bond investments to estimate the model. The model can be used to study macro-prudential regulation and monetary policy.Chapter 2 uses bank- and instrument-level data on asset holdings and liabilities to identify and estimate a general equilibrium model of trade in financial instruments shaping an endogenous network of interlinked banks' balance-sheets. Bilateral ties are formed as each bank selects the size and the diversification of its assets and liabilities. Shocks propagate due to the response, rather than the size, of bilateral ties to such shocks. The network exhibit key theoretical properties: (i) more connected networks lead to less amplification of partial equilibrium shocks, (ii) the influence of a bank's equity is independent of the size of its holdings; (iii) more risk-averse banks are more diversified, lowering their own volatility but increasing their influence on other banks. The structural estimation of the network model for the universe of French banks shows that the endogenous change in the network matters two to three times more than the initial network of cross-holdings for the transmission of shocks. The estimated network is used to assess the effects of the ECB's quantitative easing policy.Chapter 3 concludes the thesis with a more aggregated sector-level analysis. It first studies how the sharp deterioration of the net external portfolio position of France between 2008 and 2014 was driven by sectoral patterns such as the banking sector retrenchment and the increase in foreign liabilities of the public and corporate sectors but was mitigated by the expansion of domestic and foreign asset portfolios of insurance companies. It provides a network representation of the links between domestic sectors and the rest of the world. Sectoral shock propagation through inter-sectoral security holdings is studied in an estimated balance-sheet contagion model
Magalhaes, Margaux. "Les Etats-Unis, la Turquie et l’UE. Du soutien américain aux ambitions européennes d’Ankara au délitement de la relation triangulaire (1993-2017)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCA051.
Full textIn the aftermath of the Cold War, the US has asserted a strong lobbying in favor of Turkey’s accession to the EU, and became the first supporter of this integration, before Ankara itself. How could we explain the US involvement since it doesn’t belong to the European continent? The new world order brought new challenges for the 21st century. Therefore, such an integration was perceived as a preventive strategy by Washington to deter upcoming threats facing the West, such as Russian resurgence, Iranian influence in the Muslim world, jihadism, or the « clash of civilizations ». Indeed, it would help bridging the growing gap between the West and the Muslim world by uniting under the same roof Christian countries within the EU, and the former Caliphate. It would also enable Turkey to be a Western projection force in its neighborhood — stretching from the Balkans to the Middle East — by becoming a model. To do so, Turkey has to become more liberal politically and economically. However, would it be possible without European prospects? From a US perspective, the normative power of the EU is necessary to see Turkey succeeding in proving that Islam, secularism and democracy are compatible and to spread Western values in its neighborhood while anchoring Ankara firmly in the West. 9/11 reinforced the significance of this strategy, which got integrated into the Freedom agenda and the global war on terror. Therefore, supporting Ankara’s accession became a top priority of Bush administrations. Barack Obama maintained this policy, even though the US lobbying slowed down, since it appeared this integration might never occur. The Arab awakening could have been the perfect occasion to bring closer together Turkey and the EU so that Ankara could become the model Arabs were calling for. However, instead of strengthening the US-Turkey-EU relations, those events damaged their alliance, which was already strained. At the end of Obama’s presidency, this triangular relation seemed on the verge to collapse
Martínez, Alfonso Laneydi. "Cambios en la transmisión de shocks desde Estados Unidos hacia América Latina y el Caribe a raíz de la crisis : vulnerabilidades y desafíos." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA089/document.
Full textHistorically, United States has been considered the undisputed engine of the world economy; therefore, the cyclical movements of its economy have been crucial to global growth, particularly to Latin America and the Caribbean. Since the beginning of XXI century, particularly following the recent economic crisis (2007-2009), a number of major changes has emerged, in the global geopolitical and geo-economic context; marked by new dynamics of "North-South” and "South –South” interrelations. These changes in conjunction with the emergence of the international debate on the theory of “decoupling", has opened a window to study the influence of the context of the recent global crisis on the economic synchronization and the transmission of shocks from United States to Latin America and the Caribbean. This research assesses the changes in the transmission of economic shocks from US to the region, in the context of the recent international crisis. Major changes are verified in the relative importance of the trade channel that links United States to Latin America and the Caribbean due to a substantial increase in the commercial ties of the region with China; at the same time, the reinforcement of the monetary and financial channel in the transmission of shocks. The role of the United States in the current international monetary and financial architecture continues to be the essential foundation that preserves its economic centrality to Latin America and the Caribbean, in an increasingly heterogeneous region in its responses to shocks originated in the US economy
Históricamente, Estados Unidos ha sido considerado el motor indiscutible de la economía mundial, así,los movimientos cíclicos de su economía han sido determinantes en el crecimiento global y, en particular, en América Latina y el Caribe. Desde inicios del siglo XXI y, en particular, a raíz de la recientecrisis económica (2007-2009), han emergido un conjunto de cambios trascendentales en el contexto geopolítico y geoeconómico mundial; a raíz de nuevas dinámicas de interrelación “Norte-Sur” y “Sur-Sur”. Dichos cambios, unidos a la emergencia del debate internacional sobre la teoría del “desacoplamiento”, han abierto una ventana al estudio de la influencia del contexto de la reciente crisis económica internacional sobre la sincronización económica y la transmisión de shocks desde Estados Unidos hacia América Latina y el Caribe. La presente investigación evalúa cambios en la transmisión de shocks desde Estados Unidos hacia la región en el contexto de la reciente crisis económica internacional.Se verifican modificaciones en la relevancia relativa del canal comercial en la transmisión desde Estados Unidos hacia América Latina y el Caribe debido al incremento sustancial de los vínculos comerciales con China; al mismo tiempo y un reforzamiento del canal monetario-financiero en la transmisión de shocks. El rol de Estados Unidos en la actual arquitectura monetario-financiera internacional se erige en el pilar fundamental que continúa privilegiando su centralidad económica en una región cada vez más heterogénea en su respuesta shocks originados en este país
Jagou, Fabienne. "Le 6e Panchen Lama : traître ou visionnaire ?" Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHESA019.
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