Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Choix des modes'
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Gervais, Florence. "Choix des modes d'acquisition de l'information pour l'étude de nouveaux marchés." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2010CNAM0771.
Full textWhen an organization develops on foreign markets, it has to collect information on that market. Export research is one way to acquire that information. This research focuses on the identification process of the export market researcher, designated as information acquisition mode. We aim to demonstrate that this acquisition mode is part of a system whose objective is to reduce the perceived ambiguity of markets in a controlled fashion. We describe the emergence of the system, its functioning and the identification process of the information acquisition mode. Since the characteristics of the system vary according to the level of internationalization and learning of the organization, we show that the choice of the acquisition mode is also impacted by the international development stage of the company
Bouasker, Olfa. "Analyse du choix des investissements : options réelles et modes de production." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CERG0483.
Full textCette thèse traite du choix optimal des investissements à la lumière de la théorie des options réelles et de la prise en compte des différents modes de production. Nous proposons dans un premier temps plusieurs extensions du modèle d'investissement irréversible de Pindyck (1988): introduction de processus plus complexes pour décrire l'évolution de la valeur de marché et de fonctions de production très générales pour décrire l'activité de la firme ; prise en compte de l'aversion au risque dans un cadre d'optimisation dynamique. Dans un second temps, nous montrons comment les options d'échange de Margrabe (1978) permettent de résoudre certains problèmes de choix d'investissement. Nous en proposons diverses extensions et illustrations
Moalla, Emna. "La distance et le choix du mode d'entrée sur les marchés étrangers : une analyse des entreprises françaises." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30073.
Full textThis research examines the impact of distance on the choice of foreign market entry modes. The literature review highlights the interest given to the concept of distance and more specifically to psychic and cultural dimensions of distance. Nonetheless, this concept is controversial regarding its conceptualization and operationalization. Previous studies have sought to explain the choice of entry mode mainly by cultural distance. The results are heterogeneous and inconclusive. This research attempts to provide answers and clarification to the ambiguity identified in the literature by adopting a multidimensional approach to distance. Based on the framework proposed by Ghemawat (2001), this study develops several hypotheses concerning the different dimensions of distance (cultural, administrative, geographic and economic distances). These hypotheses are tested on a sample of 203 interfirm linkages conducted by French companies with partners located around the world. The results of the empirical study show that the national distance influences the choice of alliance mode (cooperation versus merger-acquisition). In the case of French companies, the findings indicate that administrative and economic dimensions play an essential role in the choice of foreign market alliance mode, contrary to cultural and geographic distances
Teyssier, Sabrina Villeval Marie-Claire. "Modes de rémunération, sélection et préférences sociales approches théorique et expérimentale /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2008/teyssier_s.
Full textTiberj, Vincent. "Le choix d'un président : les modes d'évaluation des électeurs français (1995) et américains (1996)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002IEPP0032.
Full textPitault-Charbonnel, Anne-Elisabeth. "Les différents modes de fourniture des biens collectifs et leurs conséquences." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010062.
Full textHammadou, Hakim. "Modélisation du choix modal voyageurs sur les déplacements longue distance : la valeur du temps." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50374-2001-35.pdf.
Full textAndrejewski, Peggy. "Le choix de la forme de la réparation." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010329.
Full textWhen examined from a qualitative standpoint, French doctrine places a priority on issues relative to the scope and quantum of compensation, and has little, if anything, to say about the form of compensation. Several issues affecting how to choose the exact form or type of compensation, such as questions involving the cost of compensation or the possibility of indirect compensation, which would bring into focus measures affecting the origin of the prejudice or tending to support damages in kind, are wrongly neglected. This finding appears all the more regrettable when it is taken into consideration that the issues surrounding a settlement, not limited merely to the need to preserve the interests of the victim, are often of major importance. Rich and complex, the question of how to determine the form of compensation, which obviously places the judge at the center of such the thinking process, can be understood from two distinct perspectives, each articulated by its own theory and practice : the choice of a measure which, by form, is effectively capable of compensating; the choice of the best measure, one that is the most adapted in qualitative terms
Vo, Thanh Hoang. "La démarche de conception pour la fabrication additive : choix des modes de représentation dans la phase d’analyse." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI114/document.
Full textTo date, additive manufacturing is being developed with several processes that are capable of manufacturing plastic or metal parts. In addition, the FA has advantages that are limitations for traditional technology. For example, thanks to the freedom of the shape of the part, there is no need for specific tools. But the FA also has disadvantages, for example, the surface quality of the part, normally low, cost, manufacturing, especially because of investment for the manufacturing machine and also the raw material. There are many differences between AF and traditional technologies. We therefore consider it necessary to have a new design process for additive manufacture. A design method for additive manufacturing is being studied which allows us to manufacture a part or mechanism in an optimal way.Our thesis work is based on the two research questions:• Which model for the design process of a part by additive manufacturing?O How to draw the benefits of the FA advantage, for example, freedom of form?O How to integrate AF process characteristics into the design process?• What is the influence of intermediate representation in the design process for additive manufacturing?O Types of intermediate representations with FAO The choice of intermediate representation type to evaluate the product at a specific time in the design process for the FA.In the first phase, we have developed a process model that takes into account the characteristic of the processes, thus taking advantage of the additive manufacturing advantage.As a second step, we determined a method of choice that allows us to choose between the types of intermediate representations to evaluate the product in a design process for FA. This method is based on Case Based Reasoning
Gandit, Marc. "Déterminants psychosociaux du changement de comportement dans le choix du mode de transport : le cas de l'intermodalité." Phd thesis, Grenoble 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00369953.
Full textLapparent, Matthieu de. "De la valeur du temps à la valeur du risque de perte en temps dans les transports : le cas des déplacements domicile-travail." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010017.
Full textRochat, Denis. "Etude empirique des comportements de choix : applications à l'économie des transports et à l'enseignement supérieur." Cergy-Pontoise, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CERG0058.
Full textBerri, Akli. "Dynamiques de la motorisation et des dépenses de transport des ménages : analyses sur données individuelles et semi-agrégées." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010066.
Full textMochtar, Subagio Indrayati. "L'analyse de la répartition modale à l'intérieure [i. E. Intérieur] des modes de transport en commun sur les caractéristiques des usagers dans leurs déplacements et leurs perceptions en Indonésie : cas d'étude : Jakarta, la capitale de l'Indonésie." Paris 12, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA120058.
Full textThe research projet has been focused on the passengers movements of public transportation in jakarta , as the capital city of indonesia , particularly those of working trip, as the most important aspect in urbain mobility. The model split between the private and public transportation was 39% and 60% respectively in 1972 , which had changed to 45% and 55% in the year of 1977. In the last ten years , the role of public transportation have been decreasing by 10% relative to private transportation. This condition will reach around 65% and 35% by the year of 2000 , if there is no effort done to improve the existing system. Such trend incites the government to choose the alternative of improving the modal split as it will have the least consequence on the social impact of transportation system in jakarta, the objective of this study has been based on this assumption consisting of the modal split analysis within the public transportation with regard to passengers characteristics in terms of theirs trips and motivations in using public transportation. . .
Alvarez, Rojas Ana Maria. "Choix résidentiel de localisation et modes de vie urbains de familles de classe moyenne dans la Région Métropolitaine de Santiago au Chili." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00907411.
Full textAniq-Filali, Rabéa. "Deux modes satiriques ou le choix fait par Butler dans Hudibras et Swift dans A Tale of tub (Le Conte du tonneau)." Paris 4, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA040036.
Full textThis study deals with verse or formal satire and prose or Menippean satire. Our starting point is Hudibras by Samuel Butler (1612-80) and A Tale of a tub by Jonathan Swift (1667-1745). A comparison between both satirists showed that they agree on the major points. A previous study of the two modes of writing, verse and prose, determining the characteristics and functions of each one had been undertaken. The thematic analysis revealed that both satires tackled almost the same subjects, namely the abuses of religion and learning, but also politics, science and the society at large; both satires being topical before reaching a universal level through the study of man in general. This is part of the strategy adopted by Menippean satire. The analysis of Hudibras and the tale from this angle allowed us to understand and explain a number of obscure points. For although butler wrote in verse and swift in prose, both used the characteristics of Menippean satire, which is mainly concerned with ideologies besides particular vices and goes against all conventions; its sole purpose being questioning, even its own vehicle
Lapierre, Nathanaël. "Analyses des choix de mode de transport des déplacements de la communauté de l'Université Laval par la méthode des préférences déclarées." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28811/28811.pdf.
Full textDuhamel, François. "Choix stratégiques et modes d'organisation des fonctions de support des firmes : Elaboration d'un modèle théorique et étude empirique de la logistique des enseignes de distribution de détail en France." Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHEC0013.
Full textIn this dissertation, we propose an integrative model to disentangle the predictive power of transaction cost theory and resource based approach, in order to explain the probability of firms executing a support function in-house, or through contracting with external providers. We test the model in the context of logistic operatons of the larger retail firms in France. Overall results show that both theories provide complementary explanations for the probability of firms organizing their logistics in-house or through external providers. The results also show the importance of the comparative advantages, in terms of both costs and competencies, between service providers and clients. We also distinguish the criteria of asset specificity, asset specialization and contribution of the activity to the strategic advantage of the focal firm. External uncertainty seems to reinforce, by itself, the probability to keep an activity in-house, in opposition to a vision which recommends using outsourcing as a flexibility device
Razafimandimby, Haja. "Changements organisationnels et analyse des préférences du consommateur des produits frais de la pêche par la méthode des choix multi-attributs." Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0077/document.
Full textThe central purpose of this thesis is the development of fresh fishery products with on one hand the issue of organizational methods adopted by stakeholders in the fisheries sector in France and on the other hand the question of explanatory factors in consumer preferences for these products. The neo-institutional theory of governance structures is used to analyze different organizational methods adopted in the industry. The theory of innovation is mobilized to study the contribution of organizational innovations in the development of fresh products. The results of the study of governance structures reveal the complementarity between the market and hybrid forms concerning the supply of supermarkets and hypermarkets in France. Mainly observed Hybrid forms are subcontracting and partnership. The results on organizational innovations highlight in particular various forms of responses from stakeholders on quality, freshness, traceability and product availability. Finally, this thesis has implemented the method of multi-attribute choice to analyze consumer preferences for two products, fresh fish fillet and fresh lobster. Through various logistic models, the results highlighted the existence of three categories of consumers. They also confirmed a willingness to pay for attributes of freshness, quality and certain environment related attributes. The originality of the thesis is to have included among product’s characteristics include the carbon footprint attribute. It thus helps to clarify the debate on relevant sustainability criteria to include in the common reference for labeling of sea fishing products in France
Bois, Hugo. "Modélisation et prospective de la demande de mobilité." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100100/document.
Full textToday, mostly in developed countries, we are moving from ownership to usership and therefore from transport to mobility. Mobility is at the heart of people's lives and structure; it is also a source of positive externalities (economic activity, time saving, geographical accessibility) but also negative about the environment (local pollution, greenhouse gases), the social (mobility inequalities) and the economy (loss of time in congestion). It is therefore necessary to analyse the impact on public expectations of public policies aimed at reducing negative externalities.This thesis is financed by PSA Group and aims to study the mobility demand through the construction of modal preferences. In this aim, the Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to analyze the importance of the attributes characterizing transportation modes and the perceptions of these attributes for each transportation modes. An econometric treatment is then carried out concerning attitudes and perceptions and different models are compared with and without accessibility constraints. Finally, a carbon tax is introduced into our model through a shock of short-term perceptions to analyze changes in modal preferences. A new transportation mode is also introduced. The combination of these two elements is then analyzed in terms of modal shares and CO2 emissions. The analytic framework constructed allow us to simulate changes in a longer term. In other words, it allows to model the impact of prospective scenarios on modal preferences. This model was delivered to the PSA Group to refine the construction of its prospective scenarios as well as their knowledge about mobility demand.The main result are the followings. A carbon tax which is high enough must be introduced to have a significant and positive impact on the greenhouse gas emissions reduction from travel. At the same time, a new transportation mode defined between the bicycle and the small electric vehicle implies an increase in satisfaction of individuals. To be brief, if the objective is to reduce CO2 emissions from transports while maximizing the satisfaction of individuals, our model tells us that a relatively high carbon tax stimulate innovation and thus allows new transportation modes to emerge that are cleaner and better fitted to individuals expectations
Zhu, Dianzhuo. "Understanding Motivations and Impacts of Ridesharing : Three Essays on Two French Ridesharing Platforms The Impact of SNCF Strike on Ridesharing: A Novel Approach of Consumer Surplus Estimation Using BlaBlaCar.com Data The limit of money in daily ridesharing: Evidence from a field experiment,Technical report More Generous for Small Favour? Exploring the Role of Monetary and Prosocial Incentives of Daily Ride Sharing Using a Field Experiment in Rural Île-de-France." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. https://basepub.dauphine.fr/discover?query=%222020UPSLD003%22.
Full textModern societies are faced with multiple challenges caused by widespread car usage. In urban cities, too many cars on the road are creating traffic jams, air pollution, and noise. In rural villages, residents are becoming more and more dependent on cars, limiting the mobility rights of a vulnerable population. Ridesharing could be a solution to both challenges. The thesis adds to the understanding of the behavior of ridesharing participants. The first two papers are two field experiments with Ecov on the monetary and prosocial motivations of drivers. For trips of very short distances, prosocial motivations are more salient for promoting the practice, while for middle-distance trips, monetary incentives are more salient. However, putting a very high monetary incentive does not outperform a lower but sufficient one. The third paper examines the impact of the French railway worker strike in 2018 on long-distance ridesharing using data from BlaBlaCar. An average strike day induces the ridesharing seat supply to increase by 7% and the seat demand to increase by 29%. The ridesharing passengers' consumer surplus also increases by 17,753€ during an average strike day across the whole of France
Brondeel, Ruben. "La pertinence du transport pour promouvoir l'activité physique : une prise en compte des défis liés à la mesure, à l'analyse empirique et à la simulation des changements de modes de transport." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066634/document.
Full textBackground Physical activity has an important impact on various health outcomes, and transport accounts for a substantial part of total physical activity. This PhD work aimed to improve measures of transport-related physical activity and to report empirical findings on the transport-related physical activity of adults aged 35 to 83 years living in Ile-de-France. Methods The RECORD GPS Study collected GPS and accelerometer data for 236 participants over a 7-day period, resulting in the observation of 7425 trips. The Enquête Globale Transport) collected data over one day, resulting in the observation of 82084 trips for 21332 participants. The methods used include random forest prediction models, geographical information systems, and negative binomial regressions. Results Shorter epochs (time units) resulted in considerably larger estimates of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity MVPA. This finding supports calls from the literature for further harmonization of accelerometer-based indicators of physical activity. We observed an average 18.9 minutes of daily T-MVPA (95% confidence interval: 18.6; 19.2 minutes). Participants with a higher level of education did more T-MVPA than their less educated counterparts. In contrast, people with a higher household income did less T-MVPA per day. Conclusion This PhD work was the first study to combine a very detailed dataset - including GPS, accelerometer, and mobility behaviour data - and a large-scale transport survey. Transport interventions could have an important impact on physical activity for this population
Girerd, Guillaume. "Analyse du comportement des pendulaires dans la perspective d'un report modal." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA1018.
Full textNowadays, accessible to all or almost, the car is considered by much a flexible means of individual transport. But in the dense districts of the urban centres it is, a large consumer of space, factors of accidents and pollution. These risks become strong arguments then to support the establishment of a modal carryforward of the car towards means of transports known as durable (collective Transport, walk, bicycle. . . ). In spite of the presence within agglomeration of many means of substitution, the use of the car prevails. The modal choice of the inhabitants must thus be analyzed to understand the factors of failure of the various policies of displacements. This study cove an importance particular of the moment when the communities make share of a strong voluntarism by founding PDU. However, the autorities miss information on the awaited practices of the citizens contributing to important failures (urban toll, paying parking. . . ). As regards modal choice, four criteria prevail the cost, the speed, the comfort and the ecology of a way. The acceptance of these factors by the users varies according of the type of studied transport and the usual practice or not of such or such mean. The objective of this thesis is to bring a vision compared of the behavior of pendular on three distinct agglomerations (Large Lyon, Urban Community of Nantes and the Community of Agglomeration of Large Besançon) in order to better understand the potentialities of modal carryforward according in particular to different space reference
Lavadinho, Sonia. "Le renouveau de la marche urbaine : Terrains, acteurs et politiques." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00737160.
Full textStevanovic, Dalibor. "Application du modèle logit mixte emboîté dans le cadre de l'estimation de la demande de transport." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24130/24130.pdf.
Full textJoyez, Charlie. "Heterogeneous Firms and Foreign Direct Investment Strategies." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED061/document.
Full textThis thesis examines the role of firms´ heterogeneity in the Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) strategies. We already know firms’ heterogeneity to sharply distinguish between domestic firms, exporters and multinationals (MNEs). Yet, to what extent it impacts their foreign direct investments (FDIs) strategies among MNEs is rarely evoked, while several entry mode choices and FDI motives coexist. Mixing both theoretical and empirical innovating approaches using French firm-level data, the four chapters of this PhD dissertation reveal that the firm heterogeneity influences all of the three dimensions of strategies we review: foreign ownership mode, FDI motive and structure of the overall network of affiliates. Specifically, firm-level productivity and international experience foster deeper integration with a changing relative importance according to the host country. They are also associated with production motives and vertical integration into the global value chains. The more productive firms also display original affiliates’ network structure. These findings allow a better understanding of multinationals’ choices underneath the ``complex’’ global picture of FDI flows
Capron, Henri. "Econométrie des choix politico-économiques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213656.
Full textHagot, Michèle. "Impact de la structure du vote sur le fonctionnement et les performances des organisations internationales." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020067/document.
Full textEmpirical studies and literature on the impact of voting structure in international organizations within public choice theory are very scarce. Therefore, this thesis attempts to examine more closely the impact of the voting structure on the functioning and performance of international organizations. The analysis in this research is, first, empirical, and second, positive. The latter allow us to understand how organizations actually function and react (and Lecaillon Lafay, 1993). We show that the redistribution of contributions and expenditures in “one-nation, one-vote” inter-governmental organizations is from rich to poor and middle classes, while there is less redistribution in terms of contributions in “weighted voting” inter-governmental organizations. However, the redistribution of loans in weighted voting organizations is more spread among income classes. Thus, on the one hand, “one-nation, one-vote” organizations perform better than ‘weighted voting’ organizations in terms of contributions and in accordance with the principle of' “fairness” based on “capacity to pay” of member states. On the other hand, in terms of loans and expenditures, “one-nation, one-vote” organizations and “weighted voting” organizations are both effective relatively to the nature of their voting structure and their missions or activities
Samadzad, Mahdi. "Space disaggregation in models of route and mode choice : method and application to the Paris area." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1058/document.
Full textSpatial representation of modeling area in travel demand models has changed little over the course of last several decades. In this regard, the state-of-the-art still widely relies on the same centroid-connector system that has been used in classic models. In this approach continuum bidimensional space is lumped on centroids. It is an aggregate approach which ignores the physical variability linked to the scatteredness of disaggregate residence- and activity-places over the local space. Consequently the modeling performance in explaining route and mode choice behavior degrades at local scales: In route choice, disaggregate location influences the propensity between a distant interchange to a highway, or a nearby road. In mode choice, feeder service to public transportations influences the auto vs. transit modal share. We propose a disaggregate approach for spatial representation. Based on a zoning system, a stochastic disaggregate representation is used to characterize the space within a traffic analysis zone. For each zone, anchor-points are defined as the network nodes that are used for accessing to the network from within the local space. An itinerary between a pair of zones is then considered as a chain of legs composed of two terminal legs, corresponding to the intrazonal route sections, and one main leg between two anchor points. The route choice problem is transformed to a joint choice of a pair of anchor points. The vector of random terminal travel times is Multivariate Normal resulting in a Multinomial Probit model of choice of a pair of anchor points. To extend to the multimodal context, a transit composite mode is defined as a chain of access, main, and egress modal legs, and transit platforms are considered as anchor points connecting the feeder legs to the main line-haul leg. A Multinomial Logit mode choice model is estimated based on the 2001 Paris Household Travel Survey for the auto mode and the composite transit modes. It is joined with the two Multinomial Probit models corresponding to the choice of anchor points. The result is a joint model of mode and station choice with a disaggregate representation of the local space
Mialaret, Benoît. "Pôles d'échanges multimodaux et interfaçage des échelles de transport." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30086/document.
Full textConfront the challenges posed by air pollution and congestion on urban and suburban roads and urban sprawl, the multimodal hubs are designed and implemented as a sustainable mobility development tools, which may promote the use of complementary modes of transport (walking, cycling, transit buses, trams, subways ...).Their presence increasingly assertive along public transport axes own site demonstrates their adaptability to different institutional contexts, territorial and reticular. Their goal is to limit car traffic entering the cities, and generate sufficient modal shift towards public transport. This gives rise to very extensive studies in estimating flow and urban integration. Indeed, multimodal hubs have relations with the neighborhoods where they are located.But this profusion of multimodal hubs, which is observed over the past thirty years - with an acceleration in the early 2000’s - actually hides realities very different, as are the names that give them local transport authorities. Despite standardization attempts made by the government, we find that the operation of multimodal hubs and their physical configuration leads to meet local needs and compromise between the different actors involved in the construction and operation of this type of equipment.Our thesis therefore proposes to draw up an inventory of research for multimodal hubs and intermodality, by using many tools and methods (surveys and field surveys, interviews with professionals involved in public transport sector, model-process and inventory of available services) to determine whether the multimodal hub is a major element of public transport policies and if it contributes, within it, interfacing complementary scales transport
Bafoutche, Mahamadou Abdoul-Kader. "Influence de l'environnement bâti sur l'interaction sociale des enfants à Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27433.
Full textThe built environment and transportation (eg. walking, cycling) influence person mobility and social interaction; especially for children aged (between 10 and 12 years) who are beginning to explore and to know their physical and social environment. However, there is little information about the relationship between transportation and children social interaction. Understanding better the potential links, this research has examined the relationship between each of the following variables: the built environment, active transport frequency and independent mobility with social interaction (face-to-face and virtual) among students who studied at primary schools in Quebec City. This study used data collected through a survey questionnaire administered in person and completed by respondents in class. The sample consists of n = 197 respondents from six schools that are located in three urban sectors of Quebec City: central, old suburbs and new suburbs. For reasons of analysis and comparisons of results, two schools per geographic region were considered. The chi-square test of independence and logistic regression (binomial model) were used to do statistical analysis on the self-reported frequency of social interaction and mode use. The results show that children living in the new suburb had more virtual social interaction after school as compared to children living in the central areas, but there is no link between the type of built environment and children’s face-to-face social interaction. Having social media frequency influences the likelihood of children's virtual social interaction. Active transport frequency is more associated with children’s face-to-face social interaction. The results show that children who regularly do active transport have more face-to-face social interaction compared to their peers who rarely travel by foot or bike. This research also confirms that walking or cycling frequencies are not related to virtual social interaction. Finally, having a high level of autonomy for children’s movements (based on the right to walk or cycle alone) influenced social interaction (face-to-face) compared the situation where children have a low level of freedom movement alone or with peers. Finally, the study confirms there is a link between child’s gender and face-to-face social interaction. For example, having face-to-face social interaction, boys get more than girls with the same age. However, our results suggest there is no link between virtual social interaction and child's gender.
Savard-Duquet, Nikolas. "Mobilité et changements climatiques : bilan et analyse des émissions de gaz à effet de serre liées aux déplacements des résidents de la région de Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26880/26880.pdf.
Full textDebizet, Gilles. "Déplacements urbains de personnes : de la planification des transports à la gestion durable de la mobilité : mutations d'une expertise." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006468.
Full textBoussema, Meriam. "Choix du mode de cotation des actions et qualité du marché." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX32039.
Full textBonnet, Odran. "Individual housing choices and aggregate housing prices : discrete choice models revisited with matching models." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0010.
Full textThe first two of the three chapters of this thesis examine the identification and the estimation of discrete choice models. The first chapter proves the equivalence between matching models and discrete choice models, and draws the consequences in terms of identification and estimation. The second chapter builds on the results of the first, and uses matching algorithms to estimate the marginal willingness to pay of households for various housing and neighborhood characteristics in Paris (such as school performance, crime level, distance to employment areas). The third chapter deals with another topic: it first shows that the recent rise in the capital-income ratio highlighted by Thomas Piketty in his book is due to the rise in housing prices, and it then explores the consequences in terms of wealth distribution
Bouscasse, Hélène. "Essays on travel mode choice modeling : a discrete choice approach of the interactions between economic and behavioral theories." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2106/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to incorporate aspects of psychology and behavioral economics theories in discrete choice models to promote a better understanding of mode choice at regional level. Part II examines the inclusion of latent variables to explain mode choice. A literature review of integrated choice and latent variable models – that is, models combining a structural equation model and a discrete choice model – is followed by the estimation of an integrated choice and latent variable model to show how the heterogeneity of economic outputs (here, value of time) can be explained with latent variables (here, perceived comfort in public transport) and observable variables (here, the guarantee of a seat). The simulation of scenarios shows, however, that the economic gain (decrease in value of time) is higher when policies address tangible factors than when they address latent factors. On the basis of a mediation model, the estimation of a structural equation model furthermore implies that the influence of environmental concern on mode choice habits is partially mediated by the indirect utility derived frompublic transport use. Part III examines two utility formulations taken from behavioral economics: 1) rankdependent utility to model risky choices, and 2) reference-dependent utility. Firstly, a rank-dependent utility model is included in discrete choice models and, in particular, a latent-class model, in order to analyze intra- and inter-individual heterogeneity when the travel time is subject to variability. The results show that the probability of a delay is over-estimated for train travel and under-estimated for car travel, especially for car users, as train users are more likely to take into account the expected travel time. In the models that account for risk aversion, the utility functions are convex, which implies a decrease in value of time. Secondly, a new family of discrete choice models generalizing the multinomial logit model, the reference models, is estimated. On my data, these models allow for a better selection of explanatory variables than the multinomial logit model and a more robust estimation of economic outputs, particularly in cases of high unobserved heterogeneity. The economic formulation of reference models shows thatthe best empirical models are also more compatible with Tversky et Kahneman’s reference-dependent model
Denis, Marie. "Méthodes de modélisation bayésienne et applications en recherche clinique." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON1T001.
Full textFor some years a craze for the methods of bayesian modelling was observed in diverse domains as the environment, the medicine. The studies in clinical research lies on the modelling mathematical and the statistical inference. The purpose of this thesis is to study the possible applications of such a modelling within the framework of the clinical research. Indeed, judgments, knowledge of the experts (doctors, biologists) are many and important. It thus seems natural to want to take into account all these knowledge a priori in the statistical model. After a background on the fundamental of the bayesian statistics, preliminary works within the framework of the theory of the decision are presented as well as a state of the art of the methods of approximation. A MCMC method with reversible jumps was organized in the context of models known well in clinical research : the model of Cox and the logistic model. An approach of selection of model is proposed as an alternative in the classic criteria within the framework of the regression spline. Finally various applications of the nonparametric bayesian methods are developed. Algorithms are adapted and implemented to be able to apply such methods. This thesis allows to advance the bayesian methods in various ways within the framework of the clinical research through several sets of data
Girard, Marion. "Densités urbaines et analyse économique des choix résidentiels." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOE007/document.
Full textThe thesis is focused on urban growth control challenge through the Compact City model and its key spatial characteristic: the density. This work deals both with a theoretical, methodological and empirical approach. First, we place ourselves in the theoretical framework of Urban Economic addressing agents’ location choices. We mobilize these theories to identify the key determinants of residential location (employment center, spatial amenities, housing’s service) and analyze the spatial organization that follows (dense or spread). This literature leads us to consider different types of density: structural density, population density and social density. This thesis highlights various methodological challenges associated with the treatment and analysis of urban densities and proposes a more accurate measure of the intensity of space occupancy, the net density ratio. To illustrate this results, we realize two empirical studies on the agglomeration of Grand Dijon. The first is a typology on Dijon urban area neighborhoods that links density levels to theoretical determinants of residential location. The second empirical study implements the method of hedonic prices applied to housing. Relying on the methods and tools of spatial econometrics, we estimate the valuation of the density on the Grand Dijon and identify the conditions for its acceptance by individuals. This thesis sheds light on the conditions of realization and acceptance of current planning policies aiming at achieving Compact City
Allix-Desfautaux, Catherine. "Le choix de la franchise en tant que mode de développement de l'entreprise." Caen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CAEN0544.
Full textBarus, Lita Sari. "Contribution to the intercity modal choise considering the intracity transport systems : application of an adapted mixed multinomial Logit model for the Jakarta-Bandung corridor." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2223/document.
Full textAn ideal city or intercity transport system is one where all the transport networks, involving in general different modes of transport, could serve together the cities connections to fulfill a passenger demand and satisfaction. Each transport network should have a logical layout (as possible with minimum discontinuities) to meet the required demands. Also in that ideal system, the different modes of transport should not only have their own good performances but also the exchange between modes should be done with harmony. The conditions as mentioned above are worldwide challenges. The present work deals with the transportation problematic between two Indonesian cities, and also with the high modal competition on the Jakarta-Bandung corridor. On that corridor, road transport is currently the main demanding mode for passengers transportation. The airlines cannot compete and discontinued their operations to this route. Nowadays, railway transport is decaying. Passengers preferences are the main variables for the final modal choice. It is necessary to know preferences due to their decisions impacts to choose one mode over the others. Those preferences are in fact not simple to express in a complex city and intercity transport system. In transportation, the Logit model is widely used as a method to explore the problematic of modal choices involving a lot of different variables. There are several Logit models already developed, such as “General Extreme Value”, “Probit”, and “Nested model”, but in this research, they are not compatible to solve our defined problems because there are some particular identified variables to be taken into account. Therefore we propose the "Adapted Mixed Multinomial Logit (AMML)" Model as a tool for analysis towards passenger's decision in modal choices. On the Jakarta-Bandung corridor, modal choices are influenced by the encountered problems in intercity transport at origin and destination. One part on this research deals with identification and understanding of the intracity transport problems of origin and destination on the choice of transport mode in Jakarta-Bandung corridor (Jakarta-Bandung and Bandung-Jakarta direction). The second part of this research deals with the final decision process by analyzing the results of questionnaires addressed to many users of the Jakarta-Bandung corridor. The five main variables of the last questionnaire are travel time, overall cost, security conditions, quality of travel information and connectivity conditions relevant to intercity transport and intracities transport conditions as well. After validation of the questionaires, this research uses the AMML model to get final decision result by comparing one mode among three intercity transport mode (train, minibus, and car) using the values of the variables. Taking into account the characteristics of each intercity mode of transportation, the analysis identifies the most competitive intercity transport mode for each situation from departure city to arrival city. Using alternative public and private transport modes policies, one could in the future modify passenger choice on intercity transport mode. Therefore, this study is relevant for improving of intracity and intercity transport systems
Mahieux, Aurélie. "Economic assessment of strategic transport policies in a context of sustainable development : which innovative solutions ? : Application to the Syndicat Mixte des Transports Artois-Gohelle area." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL12020/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the mobility patterns of a specific/given territory, in the North of France. The aim is to offer economic tools that will encourage people to adopt more sustainable travel behaviors. This paper investigates the direct and induced effects of a new public transport (PT) infrastructure on the transport demand as well as on the economic growth. In order to carry out the review, this thesis has been divided into four essays. The first one presents the characteristics of the territory. It consists of a quantitative analysis of current mobility behaviors based on the two existing Household Travel Surveys for this territory. We note a kind of inertia in the mobility behaviors of the population. The second article deals with the determinants of this inertia, using a quantitative analysis based on nine focus groups, and more specifically on people who have limited transport solutions. In the third essay, the qualitative analysis is completed with an econometric study. Thus, we choose to highlight the main determinants of individuals’ modal choices in this territory to determine which PT policies will impact the most mobility behaviors. The fourth essay comprises an assessment of the socio-economic impacts generated by the new transport infrastructure. Such an infrastructure is expected to generate low agglomeration gains. We found that those become almost negligible when local pollution, induced by this infrastructure, is accounted for. This infrastructure is put into question. Indeed, while it does not affect mobility behaviors, it does not generate significant wealth creation either. Other mobility solutions are thus needed
Inoa-Peña, Ignacio. "Sur l’interdépendance entre localisation résidentielle et localisationprofessionnelle : modèles de choix discrets." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CERG0792.
Full textThis thesis studies the interdependency between the choices of residential and workplace location. Issues such as the decision-making process, the accessibility to jobs, the geographical distribution of job types, and the spouses collective decision process, among others, are analyzed with discrete choice models. In this setting, we study the location decisions from two complementary points of view. (1) First, we study the interdependency between the two location choices without any within-household consideration. We develop a three-level nested logit model of residential and workplace location and study the effect of individual-specific attractiveness and accessibility (log-sum) measures. Results presented in the first chapter show that the individual-specific accessibility measure is an important determinant of the choice of residential location and its effect differs along the household life cycle. Additionally, the attractiveness of the types of employment is a better predictor of the workplace location than the usual total number of jobs. We analyze the evolution of the attractiveness and attractivity measures in the second chapter. (2) Second, we study the interdependency of residential location and workplaces within the household. This thesis contributes with a within-household bargaining process model of location decisions. As such, it applies the collectiveapproach à la Chiappori of household behavior to describe residential location choice of two-worker households. The last chapter develops and estimates a two-step structural model to disentangle bargaining powers from spouses' values of time. Results show that the nationalities of the couple, their education level, as well as the age difference between spouses play a crucial role in determining bargaining power
Vieille, Pascal. "Le choix du mode de paiement dans les offres publiques d'acquisition : le cas français." Grenoble 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE21004.
Full textThis research provides a theorical and empirical analysis of the choice of payment in takeovers. The sample firms used are french firms acquired during 25 years. The results of theorical literature are examined. We present a model consistent with the existence of asymmetric information. In this model, acquiring firms can pay with cash, stock, or a combination of the two. We show that choice is real, premium and abnormals returns around the announcement are decreasing with cash. The empirical results suggest no influence of liquidity but of the "market value of the acquired market value of the acquiring firm" ratio. The impact of capital gains tax and managerial motivations is no consistent with our results. When the success of acquisition is uncertain, payment appears like a way to succeed. In the other case, the mix of cash and stock is an attempt to reduce the cost of acquisition. Acquiring firms are motived by the influence of payment on the earnings per share. Abnormals returns around the announcement show that the mode of payment conveys information concerning the value of the bidder. But the post-acquisition performance of acquiring firms is no different
Augier, Eric. "Résilience et vulnérabilité à l'addiction chez le rat : rôle révélateur du choix." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21845/document.
Full textDrug addiction is defined as compulsive drug use that is, excessive and difficult to control despite negative consequences. A critical problem in current addiction research is to understand the transition between controlled and compulsive drug use. In standard drug self-administration settings, animals have no choice than drug use. As a result, serious doubt exists about the interpretation of drug use in experimental animals. Is it symptomatic of an underlying addiction state or merely an expectable response to lack of choice? This incertitude in turn casts a shadow over many behavioral and neurobiological changes that have been well documented in animals following extended drug self-administration. Do they reflect pathological dysfunctions or normal neurobiological adaptations?To address this issue, we have recently developed in our lab a rat model of the transition to cocaine addiction was recently developed and partially validated. Overall, available evidence shows that when a valuable behavioral option, even a biologically or physiologically inessential one, is made available during access to cocaine self-administration, most rats readily abstain from cocaine use in favor of the alternative reward regardless of the amount of past cocaine use. The goal of my thesis was to continue the validation of this model. My main results demonstrate that cocaine is very low on the value ladder of rats, and that this can't be explained away neither by the anxiogenic properties of cocaine, neither by saccharin habituation or satiation nor by the impossibility of the animals to control their cocaine intoxication. Overall, only a small minority of rats continue to self-administer the drug despite the opportunity of making a different choice. This pattern of results (i.e., abstinence in most rats; cocaine preference in few rats) maps well onto what is currently known about the epidemiology of human cocaine addiction. It is thus possible that the minority of cocaine-preferring rats would be homologous to the minority of human cocaine users with a diagnosis of addiction while the remaining majority of abstinent rats would be resilient to cocaine addiction. Choice could represent an objective method of selection of addicted animals for future research on the neurobiological dysfunctions that are hypothesized to underlie cocaine addiction. Other competing interpretations of the same pattern of results are also discussed at the end of this thesis
Arias, Almeida Jaime E. "Sémantique formelle et vérification automatique de scénarios hiérarchiques multimédia avec des choix interactifs." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0283/document.
Full textInteractive multimedia deals with the computer-based design of scenarios consisting of multimediacontent that interacts with external actions and those of the performer (e.g., multimedialive-performance arts, interactive museum installations, and video games). The multimedia content is structured in a spatial and temporal order according to the author’s requirements. Therefore, thepotentially high complexity of these scenarios requires adequate specification languages for theircomplete description and verification.Interactive scores is a formalism which has been proposed as a model for composing and performing interactive multimedia scenarios. In addition, an inter-media sequencer, called I-SCORE, hasbeen developed following the Petri Net semantics proposed by this formalism. During the last years,I-SCORE has been used successfully for the composition and performance of live performances and interactive exhibitions. Nevertheless, these applications and emergent applications such as videogames and interactive museum installations, increasingly demand two features that the current stable version of I-SCORE as well as its underlying model do not support: (1) flexible control structures such as conditionals and loops; and (2) mechanisms for the automatic verification of scenarios.In this dissertation we present two formal models for composition and automatic verification of multimedia interactive scenarios with interactive choices, i.e., scenarios where the performer or thesystem can take decisions about their execution state with a certain degree of freedom defined bythe composer.In our first approach, we define a novel programming language called REACTIVEIS. This language extends the full capacity of temporal organization of interactive scenarios by allowing the composerto use a defined logical system for the specification of the starting and stopping conditions of temporal objects (TOs). REACTIVEIS programs are formally defined as tree-like structures representing the hierarchical aspect of interactive scenarios and whose nodes contain the conditions needed to startand stop the TOs. Moreover, we define an operational semantics based on labeled trees, containing in their nodes, the information about the start and stop times of each TO.We show that this operational semantics offers an intuitive yet precise description of the behavior of interactive scenarios.We also endowed REACTIVEIS with a declarative interpretation as formulas in Intuitionistic LinearLogic with Subexponentials (SELL). We shall show that such interpretation is adequate: derivations in the logic correspond to traces of the program and vice-versa. Hence, we can use all the meta-theory of Intuitionistic Linear Logic (ILL) to reason about interactive scenarios and develop tools for theverification and analysis of interactive scenarios.In our second approach, we present a Timed Automata (TA) based framework. In the proposed framework, we model interactive scenarios as a network of timed automata and extend them with interactive points (IPs) guarded by conditions, thus allowing for the specification of branching behaviors.Moreover, we take advantage of the mature and efficient tools for TA to simulate and automatically verify scenarios. In our framework, scenarios can be synthesized into a reconfigurable hardware in order to provide a low-latency and real-time execution by taking advantage of the physical parallelism,low-latency, and high-reliability of these devices. Furthermore, we implemented a tool to systematically construct bottom-up TA models from the composition environment of I-SCORE. Doing that, we provide a friendly and specialized environment for composing and automatic verification of interactive scenarios. Finally, we present an extension of interactive scenarios using Colored Petri Nets (CPNs) thataims to handle complex data, in particular, dynamic and static data audio streams. [...]
Chuffart, Thomas. "Problèmes de choix de modèles dans la volatilité conditionnelle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM2022.
Full textThis Ph.D. thesis composed by three chapters contributes to the development of model selection in GARCH-type models.The first chapter investigates whether the most common selection criteria lead to choose the right specification in a regime switching framework. We propose simulation experiments which reveal the inefficiency of some selection criteria in particular cases which lead to misspecification. Depending on the Data Generating Process used in the experiments, great care is needed when choosing a criterion.In the second chapter, a misspecication test for GARCH-type models is presented. We propose a Lagrange Multiplier type test based on a Taylor expansion to distinguish between (G)ARCH models and unknown nonlinear GARCH-type models. This test can be seen as a general misspecication test. We investigate the size and the power of this test through Monte Carlo experiments. We show the usefulness of our test with an illustrative empirical example based on daily exchange rate returns.In the third chapter, we study the impact of oil price returns on sovereign Credit Default Swaps (CDS) spreads for two major oil producers, Russia and Venezuela. Using daily spreads from 2008 to 2015, we find that crude oil price returns are a critical determinant of Venezuela CDS spreads changes, but does not explain significantly Russian CDS spreads. Indeed, oil prices seem to impact Russian CDS spreads through the exchange rates canal. Finally, we propose as an appendix the manual of the MSGtool, a MATLAB toolbox, which provides a collection of functions for the simulation and estimation of a large variety of Markov Switching GARCH (MSG) models
Chevalier, Amandine. "Changements de comportements de mobilité automobile." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0033.
Full textThis thesis rises in a context where the automobile supremacy is questioned. It aims at analysing behavioural changes related to the deployment of solutions to pool car, in order to foresee evolution of its modes of use, intensity of use, as well as that of motorization. First, we identify new car mobility services as main vectors of changes in behaviours, we also measure the potential development of carpooling (important), carsharing and short-term car rental (limited), and we end up by showing that these services can achieve energy savings if used as substitute to individual equipment. In a second step, we focus on the analysis of mobility patterns from which we establish a behaviour classification highlighting their main drivers. From these, the estimation of a modal choice model shows that shifts from personal car toward public transport or shared car are likely to 2020, in the case of a decrease in households' motorization level. Thus, we finally analyse the evolution of households' motorization and emphasis a breaking point in the positive generational trends observed in the past, that will know a stagnation if not an inversion to 2020. As a consequence, the evolution of the French car market will tend to be more driven by sales to fleet and business than sales to private
Nasreddine, Aya. "Facteurs de risque et choix des investisseurs de long terme." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100126/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on long term investments and risk premiums within the French financial market. The results bring evidence supporting placements in long term, risky and productive assets. In terms of portfolio management, this thesis brings several answers regarding the optimal allocation strategies. The first article demonstrates that the French financial market is weak form efficient since we could not reject the random walk hypothesis based on the variance ratio methodology. This first contribution implies that abnormal returns are resulting from risk factors and not from anomalies. Thus, the second article revisits famous asset pricing models and highlights optimal portfolio strategies. We find that value and momentum premiums are persistent in the French market. However, size premium is only observable in extreme book to market and momentum strategies. Moreover, we show that market portfolio choice is sine qua non to models performances and that the latest is surprisingly increasing in times of distress. The third article considers the term structure of risk-return tradeoff. Based on a VAR model, we find that excess annualized standard deviation of stocks excess returns with respect to bonds and bills decreases as we lengthen investment horizon which means that investors may bias their portfolios towards safe assets and neglect additional return. Furthermore, we measured the time diversification effect among stock portfolios by distinguishing small and big capitalizations and prove that it is more profitable to hold small capitalizations than big capitalizations stocks in the long run. These results shed light on inefficient prudential rules from the viewpoint of policyholders on one hand, and, on the other hand, highlight the necessity of implementing measures to revive the markets for small enterprises and facilitate their access to direct financing through the market
Perré, Patrick. "Le sechage convectif de bois resineux : choix, validation et utilisation d'un modele." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077146.
Full textRoy, Vital. "Le choix d'un mode d'approvisionnement en systèmes d'information, une analyse par les compétences de base." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0030/NQ65345.pdf.
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