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Journal articles on the topic 'Cholera and Typhoid'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Samson Baranzan Wayah, Atika Abubakar-Garba Faila, Peter Ojodale Adejo, Mariya Abubakar Balarabe, and Zaharaddeen Abdullahi. "Harnessing the Potential of Bacteriocin in the Treatment of Typhoid Fever and Cholera: A Systematic Review." Ibom Medical Journal 18, no. 2 (2025): 249–60. https://doi.org/10.61386/imj.v18i2.660.

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Background: Typhoid fever kills 135,000 to 230,000 people every year and affects an estimated 11–21 million people globally. About 95,000 people die annually from cholera, and an additional 2.86 million get infected. Bacteriocins have been reported to inhibit the growth of various pathogens such as Salmonella typhi and Vibrio cholerae. Objective: The aim of the study was to identify bacteriocins having potential in treating typhoid fever and cholera. Methods: The techniques utilized in this study adhere to the recommended reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) framew

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2

Shuval, Hillel I. "Investigation of Typhoid Fever and Cholera Transmission by Raw Wastewater Irrigation in Santiago, Chile." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 3-4 (1993): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0341.

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Santiago, the capital city of Chile, has suffered for years from high rates of typhoid fever, reaching peaks as high as 210 cases/100,000 in 1977 and 1982. Many officials suspected that the use of raw wastewater to irrigate 13,500 ha of vegetables and salad crops may have been one of the modes of transmission. However, control measures have in general been ineffective. In April, 1991 an outbreak of 41 cases of cholera occurred in Chile probably initiated by the penetration of cholera cases from adjacent Peru which was undergoing an explosive cholera epidemic. Investigations showed that there w

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3

Vanenchii, Peter Ayoo, Collins Emmanue Akpan, and Babuje Ibrahim. "A Quantitative Analysis of the Joint Dynamics of the Interconnected Spread of Cholera and Typhoid Diseases." International Journal of Mathematics and Computer Research 13, no. 05 (2025): 5205–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15481066.

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In this paper, a mathematical model that captures the spread of Cholera and Typhoid is considered. The system of equations was solved using Laplace Adomian Decomposition Method (LADM) and was implemented using MATLAB. The analysis showed that an increase in the burden or cases of Cholera will result to an increase of Typhoid fever and vise-versa indicating that there is a symbiotic nature of the relationship between the typhoid disease and the cholera disease.

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4

Parry, Christopher. "Typhoid fever and cholera." Medicine 33, no. 7 (2005): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1383/medc.2005.33.7.34.

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Parry, Christopher. "Cholera and Typhoid Fever." Medicine 29, no. 5 (2001): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1383/medc.29.5.25.28140.

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6

Arya, Subhash C. "Cholera and Typhoid Vaccines." Clinical Immunotherapeutics 6, no. 1 (1996): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03259350.

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7

Metsopkeng, Claire Stéphane, Geneviève Bricheux, Florence Donnadieu, et al. "Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic Effects of Four Different Parts of 2 Plants Moringa Extracts against the Bacteria Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella typhi, and some Phytochemical Properties." Journal of Advances in Microbiology 23, no. 9 (2023): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i9749.

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Background and Objectives: Typhoid fever and cholera are two major health challenges in many developing countries. The use of extracts of the plants Moringa for their treatment is often done without perfect knowledge of the antimicrobial properties of each part of plant. This study aims to evaluate the bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects of extracts of M. oleifera and M. stenopetala against the bacteria S. typhi and V. cholerae which cause typhoid fever and cholera respectively. Materials and Methods: Four different parts (leaves, seeds, stem, and roots) of each plant species were dried an

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8

Erhuotor, E. E., H. A. Eggon, M. S. Ajidani, and J. O. Osekweyi. "TYPHOID AND CHOLERA CHRONICLES: THEIR DUAL EFFECT ON LIFE EXPECTANCY IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 7, no. 5 (2023): 348–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0705-2028.

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This study investigates Typhoid and Cholera Chronicles: their dual effect on Life Expectancy in Delta state, Nigeria. The Cost of Illness Theory serves as the theoretical framework for this study. Data for the research were primarily gathered through questionnaires administered to 345 respondents. Logistic regression models analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) v23 were employed to test the relationship between the predictors: namely Typhoid (TYR), and Cholera (CHR), and the dependent variable: life expectancy (LEX). The findings revealed a statistically significant and

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9

Foster, Rachel H., and Stuart Noble. "Bivalent Cholera and Typhoid Vaccine." Drugs 58, no. 1 (1999): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199958010-00012.

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Arya, Subhash C. "Bivalent Cholera and Typhoid Vaccine." Drugs 58, no. 1 (1999): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199958010-00013.

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Carbon, Claude. "Bivalent Cholera and Typhoid Vaccine." Drugs 58, no. 1 (1999): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199958010-00014.

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12

Gething, Peter W., Sophie Ayling, Josses Mugabi, Odete Duarte Muximpua, Solomon Sitinadziwe Kagulura, and George Joseph. "Cholera risk in Lusaka: A geospatial analysis to inform improved water and sanitation provision." PLOS Water 2, no. 8 (2023): e0000163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000163.

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Urbanization combined with climate change are exacerbating water scarcity for an increasing number of the world’s emerging cities. Water and sanitation infrastructure (WSS), which in the first place was largely built to cater only to a small subsector of developing city populations, is increasingly coming under excessive strain. In the rapidly growing cities of the developing world, infrastructure expansion does not always keep pace with population demand, leading to waterborne diseases such as cholera (Vibrio cholerae) and typhoid (Salmonella serotype Typhi). Funding gaps make targeting effic

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13

&NA;. "Typhoid vaccine see Cholera vaccine/typhoid vaccine/polio vaccine live oral." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 331 (1990): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199003310-00060.

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&NA;. "Cholera vaccine see Cholera vaccine/typhoid vaccine/polio vaccine live oral." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 331 (1990): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199003310-00020.

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15

Saidi, Suleiman Mzee, Shinji Yamasaki, Yoshio Lijima, and Sam Kariuki. "Cholera-like diarrhoea due to Salmonella infection." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 5, no. 01 (2010): 068–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.1168.

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An unusually high number of sporadic cholera outbreaks have occurred in various parts of Kenya since January 2009. Clinical symptoms of cholera play an important role in the diagnosis and management of the disease, especially in resource-poor settings in most developing countries. We describe a case report of a patient who was treated for cholera according to symptoms at presentation to hospital. Non-typhoid Salmonella was later isolated and the patient's condition improved after administration of ciprofloxacin.

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16

Wrębiak, Arkadiusz. "Cholera and typhoid fever in 19th-century Bielitzer Zion." Anthropological Review 73, no. 1 (2010): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10044-008-0020-6.

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Cholera and typhoid fever in 19th-centuryBielitzer ZionThis study outlines an analysis of selected anthropo-demographic data ofDer Bielitzer Zionpopulation from parish registers and historical sources. The analysis focuses on three epidemics: cholera (two) and typhoid fever (one) which took place in mid-19th century in Bielitz. The aim of this paper is to explore the demographic structure of the fatalities due to the epidemics and to propose possible causes of any variations. Analysis shows the divergence in the age structure of deceased parishioners between the normal and epidemic years. Also

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17

Bagcchi, Sanjeet. "Zimbabwe tackles typhoid and cholera through vaccination." Lancet Microbe 2, no. 12 (2021): e655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00311-6.

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18

Gatt, D. T. "Pancreatitis following monovalent typhoid and cholera vaccinations." International Journal of Clinical Practice 40, no. 7 (1986): 300–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.1986.tb07985.x.

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19

Lee, Glenn KM, Kian Wee Tan, Kee Tai Goh, and Annelies Wilder-Smith. "Trends in Importation of Communicable Diseases into Singapore." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 39, no. 10 (2010): 764–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v39n10p764.

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Introduction: Singapore is a transition country in Southeast Asia that is both vulnerable and receptive to the introduction and re-introduction of imported communicable diseases. Materials and Methods: For a 10-year period between 1998 and 2007 we studied the trend, epidemiological characteristics, proportion of imported versus local transmission of malaria, viral hepatitis (hepatitis A and E), enteric fevers (typhoid and paratyphoid), cholera, chikungunya and SARS. Results: Of a total of 4617 cases of the above selected diseases notified in Singapore, 3599 (78.0%) were imported. The majority

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20

Majumder, Partha P. "Genomics of immune response to typhoid and cholera vaccines." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1671 (2015): 20140142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0142.

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Considerable variation in antibody response (AR) was observed among recipients of an injectable typhoid vaccine and an oral cholera vaccine. We sought to find whether polymorphisms in genes of the immune system, both innate and adaptive, were associated with the observed variation in response. For both vaccines, we were able to discover and validate several polymorphisms that were significantly associated with immune response. For the typhoid vaccines, these polymorphisms were on genes that belonged to pathways of polysaccharide recognition, signal transduction, inhibition of T-cell proliferat

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21

Brewer, Catherine. "Vaccine advice for food- and waterborne diseases." Practice Management 29, no. 7 (2019): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/prma.2019.29.7.22.

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It is common for travellers to experience severe disruption from becoming unwell with food- and waterborne diseases. Catherine Brewer looks at the diseases of hepatitis A, typhoid, polio and cholera and the administration of these vaccines

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&NA;. "Cholera vaccine/typhoid vaccine/polio vaccine live oral." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 331 (1990): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199003310-00021.

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23

D'Costa, D. F., A. Cooper, and I. F. Pye. "Transverse Myelitis following Cholera, Typhoid and Polio Vaccination." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 83, no. 10 (1990): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107689008301022.

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24

Brahams, Diana. "Damages for Stroke after Cholera and Typhoid Vaccination." Lancet 326, no. 8468 (1985): 1372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(85)92671-6.

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25

Poolman, Eric M., and Alison P. Galvani. "Evaluating candidate agents of selective pressure for cystic fibrosis." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 4, no. 12 (2006): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2006.0154.

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Cystic fibrosis is the most common lethal single-gene mutation in people of European descent, with a carrier frequency upwards of 2%. Based upon molecular research, resistances in the heterozygote to cholera and typhoid fever have been proposed to explain the persistence of the mutation. Using a population genetic model parameterized with historical demographic and epidemiological data, we show that neither cholera nor typhoid fever provided enough historical selective pressure to produce the modern incidence of cystic fibrosis. However, we demonstrate that the European tuberculosis pandemic b

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26

Ashok, Mr G., Indumathi G, and Arthi S. "Personalized Testing Kit for Testing Bacterial Contamination in Water." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 04 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem44185.

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Water contamination due to bacterial pathogens is a significant global health concern, contributing to diseases such as cholera, typhoid, and dysentery. Existing bacterial detection methods involve laboratory-based techniques, which are often time-consuming, expensive, and inaccessible in remote locations. This paper presents a personalized testing kit designed to provide a rapid and cost- effective solution for detecting bacterial contamination in water. The system utilizes an Arduino programming using Embedded C. The pH electrode detects changes in water acidity caused by bacterial metabolic

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27

Turgunov, Davron Elibekovich, Zoyir Ahmadovich Eshankulov, and Diyorbek Mo'minbayev. "THE IMPORTANCE OF ACTIVATED COAL IN MEDICINE." GOLDEN BRAIN 1, no. 8 (2023): 40–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7772381.

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<em>To study the beneficial and harmful properties of activated charcoal, to teach people that taking activated charcoal can give good results in the treatment of severe infectious diseases such as poisoning with salts of heavy metals, food poisoning, as well as dysentery, cholera, typhoid.</em>

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28

Ali, Sajid, Marvi Metlo, Zuheeb Ahmed, et al. "Prevalence of Water Borne Diseases in Flood Affected Areas of District Khairpur Mirs, Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 3 (2023): 599–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023173599.

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Objective: The purpose of this study to observe the impact of flood on the prevalence of water borne disease. Methodology: A cross sectional observational study was conducted from July 2022 to September 2022 in flood affected areas of district Khairpur Mirs, Pakistan. The study was conducted on 910 patients after taking informed consent. Results: In this study 61% patients were males, 36% were female whereas only 3% participants were transgender. Majority of the patients belongs to rural areas while few belong to urban areas. Majority of the patients were of 01 to 10 years of age while only 43

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Ako, Andrew Ako, George Elambo Nkeng, and Gloria Eyong Eneke Takem. "Water quality and occurrence of water-borne diseases in the Douala 4th District, Cameroon." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 12 (2009): 2321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.268.

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The monthly occurrence and mean age distribution of water-borne diseases in the Douala 4th District, Cameroon (1995–2006) were studied and probable causes of diseases spread were established. Diseases of interest included gastroenteritis, amoebic dysentery, typhoid fever and cholera. Water-borne disease occurrence was observed to follow a seasonal pattern with peaks occurring between the months of January and May followed by drops between June and October and rose again from November. Children below 5 years were found to be more vulnerable to diarrhoea, gastroenteritis, amoebic dysentery while

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Tacket, C. O., B. Forrest, R. Morona, et al. "Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy against cholera challenge in humans of a typhoid-cholera hybrid vaccine derived from Salmonella typhi Ty21a." Infection and Immunity 58, no. 6 (1990): 1620–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.58.6.1620-1627.1990.

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31

Manullang, Frenky Sorimuda, and Endy Juli Anto. "The Role of Vaccination in Prevention of Foodborne Disease in Children: A Systematic Review." Indonesian Journal of Medicine 10, no. 1 (2024): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2025.10.1.834.

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Background: Foodborne diseases pose a significant global health challenge, particularly for children in developing countries. Vaccination has emerged as a crucial strategy in controlling these diseases. This review examines the effectiveness and safety of foodborne disease vaccines in children based on recent literature. Subjects and Method: This systematic review was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, and WHO websites with the keywords "vaccine" and "foodborne disease". Peer-reviewed articles from the past 10 years were analyzed using a narrative synthesis approach. Results: This review

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Acosta, CJ, CM Galindo, JL Deen, et al. "Vaccines against cholera, typhoid fever and shigellosis for developing countries." Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 4, no. 12 (2004): 1939–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14712598.4.12.1939.

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33

Leibchik, Yu A. "On the issue of complications of typhus in the genital area in women." Kazan medical journal 20, no. 1 (2021): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj76114.

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Relatively rarely, the course of acute infectious diseases remains without any effect on the functions and anatomical relations of the female genital parts. With a number of diseases of this kind, both in mature and in childhood women, namely, with cholera, typhoid and relapsing fever, dysentery and croupous pneumonia, as well as smallpox, measles, scarlet fever, diphtheria, influenza, etc., inflammatory hyperemia of the reproductive apparatus.

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Luria, R. "About acute septic diseases of internal organs." Kazan medical journal 29, no. 8-9 (2022): 640–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj89792.

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The clinical picture of any infectious disease is, as is known, a reflection of the struggle between two principles a microorganism and a macroorganism; each of them has its own specific characteristics, and as a result of this, even such pronounced diseases with a specific pathogen, such as relapsing fever, malaria, cholera and typhoid fever, give in each individual case different options, sometimes representing difficult diagnostic tasks. I will only recall at least the last epidemic of typhoid fever in Moscow, when, for example, there were cases where recognition fluctuated for a long time

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Utochkin, Yu A., and A. A. Fedorova. "On the 125th anniversary of foundation of bacteriological institute of Perm provincial zemstvo." Perm Medical Journal 40, no. 6 (2024): 162–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/pmj406162-164.

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The article is dedicated to the 125th anniversary of the foundation of Perm Bacteriological Laboratory of Perm Province Zemstvo (now Perm Scientific Production Association "Biomed"). The bacteriological laboratory is one of the oldest scientific medical centers where vaccines against rabies, diphtheria, scarlet fever and cholera were developed. Perm institute also fought against typhoid fever and smallpox and mastered the production of vaccines against anthrax, which are still in use today.

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Chowdhury, Arman Hossain, and Md Siddikur Rahman. "Machine learning and spatio-temporal analysis of meteorological factors on waterborne diseases in Bangladesh." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 19, no. 1 (2025): e0012800. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012800.

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Background Bangladesh is facing a formidable challenge in mitigating waterborne diseases risk exacerbated by climate change. However, a comprehensive understanding of the spatio-temporal dynamics of these diseases at the district level remains elusive. Therefore, this study aimed to fill this gap by investigating the spatio-temporal pattern and identifying the best tree-based ML models for determining the meteorological factors associated with waterborne diseases in Bangladesh. Methods This study used district-level reported cases of waterborne diseases (cholera, amoebiasis, typhoid and hepati

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MILLER, SAMUEL I., and JOHN J. MEKALANOS. "Strategies for the Development of Vaccines for Typhoid Fever, Shigellosis, and Cholera." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 569, no. 1 Biomedical Sc (1989): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb27365.x.

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Forrest, B. D., J. T. LaBrooy, S. R. Attridge, et al. "Immunogenicity of a Candidate Live Oral Typhoid/Cholera Hybrid Vaccine in Humans." Journal of Infectious Diseases 159, no. 1 (1989): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/159.1.145.

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J Della-Port, Antony. "Bioterrorism: what is the threat?" Microbiology Australia 24, no. 2 (2003): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma03214.

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The usefulness of an agent for bioterrorism depends on a number of factors including the mode of transmission, the infectivity of the agent, its stability and the environmental conditions. If the agent is readily transmissible as an aerosol, then its potential as a bioterrorist agent is greatly enhanced. However, the infectivity of different agents can vary from as low as 0.2 virus infectious units for measles, to 10 for Q fever and tularaemia, 180 for Shigella flexneri, at least 1300 for anthrax, 105 for typhoid, 108 for cholera and 109 for shigellosis.

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N. A. Jasim. "Survey study for diseases of house chickens in villages of Kirkuk governorate." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 22, no. 7 (2023): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v22i7.836.

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This research included (436) infected case of house chickens were diagnosed in villages of Kirkuk in the period (January 2015 to December 2015).The study showed that Newcastle Disease still the most important diseases in poultry of Iraq, with a high percentage of (35.3%) from total cases. The incidence of other diseases were as follow: Parasitic infestations manifested in chickens as Ectoparasites (15%), Fowl pox (14.4%), Internal parasites (13.3%), Bumble foot (7.3%), Fowl Typhoid and Pullorum Disease (6.9%), Necrotic enteritis (4.8%), the low incidence with Fowl cholera (3%) was recorded .

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TROTSENKO, O. E., O. P. KURGANOVA, T. A. ZAITSEVA, and E. A. BAZYKINA. "ANALYSIS OF CURRENT EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION IN THE WORLD AND UP TO DATE SCIENTIFIC APPROACH OF EPIDEMIC SURVEILLANCE OVER INFECTIOUS DISEASES ORGANIZATION." Far Eastern Journal of Infectious Pathology, no. 47 (2024): 7–18. https://doi.org/10.62963/2073-2899-2024-47-7-18.

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A number of biological hazards for population of the Russian Federation especially coming from countries with high incidence of cholera, poliomyelitis, avian influenza, Middle East respiratory syn-drome, typhoid fever and measles was shown after evaluation of risk of cross-border spread of infectious diseases as a part of analysis of current epidemiological situation in the world. Risk of importation of such infections as HIV-infection, tuberculosis, STI, pneumonia, measles, chicken pox, salmonellosis from different countries was demonstrated through medical evaluation of foreign citizens that

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El Morabet, Rachida, Roohul Abad Khan, Majed Alsubih, et al. "Epidemiology study of Diarrhoea, Cholera, Typhoid, Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E in Middle East and North Africa Region." Ecological Questions 34, no. 4 (2023): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.044.

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Middle eastern countries are among one of the highly water stressed region in the world. Which renders it highly susceptible to water borne diseases. Water borne diseases epidemiology in Middle eastern countries were investigated in this research to determine existing health security in Middle eastern countries. Recent conflicts in the region, deteriorating water supply and infrastructure has led to major outbreaks of diarrhoea and cholera in Syria, Iraq, and Yemen. The water borne disease investigated are; diarrhoea, cholera, hepatitis A, hepatitis E and typhoid to present an overall scenario

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Cryz, S. J., J. U. Que, M. M. Levine, G. Wiedermann, and H. Kollaritsch. "Safety and immunogenicity of a live oral bivalent typhoid fever (Salmonella typhi Ty21a)-cholera (Vibrio cholerae CVD 103-HgR) vaccine in healthy adults." Infection and immunity 63, no. 4 (1995): 1336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.63.4.1336-1339.1995.

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Mutono, Nyamai, James Wright, Henry Mutembei, et al. "The nexus between water sufficiency and water-borne diseases in cities in Africa: a scoping review protocol." AAS Open Research 3 (May 5, 2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.13063.1.

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Introduction: Currently, an estimated two thirds of the world population is water insufficient. As of 2015, one out of every five people in developing countries do not have access to clean sufficient drinking water. In an attempt to share the limited resource, water has been distributed at irregular intervals in cities in developing countries. Residents in these cities seek alternative water sources to supplement the inadequate water supplied. Some of these alternative sources of water are unsafe for human consumption, leading to an increased risk in water-borne diseases. Africa contributes to

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Mutono, Nyamai, James Wright, Henry Mutembei, et al. "The nexus between improved water supply and water-borne diseases in urban areas in Africa: a scoping review protocol." AAS Open Research 3 (December 8, 2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.13063.2.

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Introduction: Currently, an estimated two thirds of the world population is water insufficient. As of 2015, one out of every five people in developing countries do not have access to clean sufficient drinking water. In an attempt to share the limited resource, water has been distributed at irregular intervals in cities in developing countries. Residents in these cities seek alternative water sources to supplement the inadequate water supplied. Some of these alternative sources of water are unsafe for human consumption, leading to an increased risk in water-borne diseases. Africa contributes to

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Arain, Nimra Razaque. "Concerns and Considerations Regarding Azithromycin Use by Physicians." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 75, no. 02 (2025): 350. https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.20896.

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Dear Editor, Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that targets a wide range of bacteria. It inhibits the growth of many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as other pathogens like Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycobacterium avium complex. Azithromycin is also used to treat bacterial enteritis, cholera, traveller's diarrhoea, as well as complicated enteric fever. It works by decreasing protein synthesis within the bacteria. Azithromycin is commonly prescribed for respiratory and genitourinary infections because of its long half-life and optimal tissue penetration. Ideal for its func

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Klyuchenovich, V. I., and V. N. Bortnovsky. "TRENDS AND PROGNOSIS FOR INFECTIOUS INCIDENCE IN CLIMATE CHANGES." Health and Ecology Issues, no. 2 (June 28, 2011): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2011-8-2-31.

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According to experts` opinion, infectious pathology, especially that caused by a virus, may be the first to respond to the warming effect predicting more favorable conditions for the realization of transmission mechanisms in natural environment. In this regard, in the Republic of Belarus a possible activation of acute intestinal infections, hepatitis A, dysentery, typhoid fever, cholera, Lyme borreliosis, leptospirosis, malaria, tularemia, anthrax, and also the pathologies caused by arboviruses, and helminthiasis can be observed. There appear sufficient reasons for the introduction of eco-epid

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Zhang, Yue, Wenbin Liu, Liansheng Yu, Kuilin Lv, and Yuguang Lv. "Analysis and Study on the Degradation of Sarfloxacin Hydrochloride by BiVO₄ Synthetic Material." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 898, no. 1 (2021): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/898/1/012026.

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Abstract Difloxacin hydrochloride is commonly used in livestock and poultry chronic respiratory diseases, tracheitis, enteritis, pneumonia, avian cholera, Streptococcosis, typhoid and other diseases caused by sensitive bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus and Pasteurella multocida, especially for Chicken Colibacillosis, piglet red, yellow and white dysentery. The prepared BiVO4 synthetic material was used for photodegradation of the target degradation product of salfloxacin hydrochloride. The degradation rate of the sample to salfloxacin hyd

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Brewer, Catherine. "Vaccine-preventable food- and water-borne diseases." Practice Nursing 34, no. 4 (2023): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/pnur.2023.34.4.158.

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Contaminated food and water can transmit a wide variety of infectious diseases. Catherine Brewer looks at the vaccine-preventable food- and water-borne diseases Contaminated food and water can transmit a wide variety of infectious diseases, with all of these having a higher incidence in low-income counties. Food- and water-borne diseases are still the most common health issue experienced by travellers, often causing diarrhoea. The vaccine-preventable diseases are poliomyelitis, hepatitis A, typhoid and cholera. Taking food and water precautions and making wise choices is the key to prevention

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Sujatha, Lakshmi R., B. Srilakshmi, Sundar G. Vijay, G. Bhargavi, and M. Nagalakshmi. "Microbial examination of water." i-manager's Journal on Life Sciences 4, no. 1 (2025): 12. https://doi.org/10.26634/jls.4.1.21921.

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Water is vital for life on Earth and is one of the most important resources on our planet. Microbial examination of water is essential for assessing its safety and suitability for human consumption. Standard microbiological methods, including total coliform and E. coli detection, were used to assess contamination levels. Results highlight the importance of routine monitoring to ensure water safety and public health protection. This analysis helps in identifying pollution sources and evaluating the effectiveness of water treatment methods. Ensuring microbiological water quality is crucial for p

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