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Academic literature on the topic 'Cholera Research Laboratory'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cholera Research Laboratory"
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Dengo-Baloi, L., C. Sema-Baltazar, J. Chitio, N. Luiz, M. Manso, R. Mboene, J. P. Langa, and S. E. Park. "Challenges and opportunities of setting-up a Cholera surveillance Microbiology laboratory in a research-naïve rural setting in Mozambique." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 101 (December 2020): 348–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.915.
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Brodovsky, V., and V. Kovbasenko. "ОБСІМЕНІННЯ САЛЬМОНЕЛАМИ ЯЛОВИЧИНИ І СВИНИНИ, ЯКІ НАДХОДЯТЬ В РЕАЛІЗАЦІЮ З ПРИСАДИБНИХ І ФЕРМЕРСЬКИХ ГОСПОДАРСТВ." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 18, no. 3(71) (October 16, 2016): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7104.
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Today in Ukraine, nearly all the meat that comes for sale on the agro–industrial markets, produced in farms and private households, where the conditions to receive it, unfortunately, do not guarantee its sanitary quality. Meat rarely get from sick animals are not always fulfilled the requirements for slaughtering and primary processing of carcasses, storage and transportation. Such violations may result in contamination of the slaughter of microorganisms, including salmonella, in turn, contribute to the occurrence of damage processes meat and risks of occurrence of food poisoning, and therefore is a threat to consumers.According to international requirements and the state «the minimum list of research ...» microflora content in meat rationed and microbiological research of meat and meat products are required. But in a state laboratories of veterinary–sanitary expertise in markets, livestock microbiologically investigate.Given the above, we examined the degree of contamination with salmonella carcasses of cattle and pigs that come for sale on the markets of agro farms and private households, salmonella. The study was carried out of the market. Mykolaiv. Research subject carcasses that passed veterinary and sanitary examination in terms of state laboratory of veterinary–sanitary examination of the market, the results of which were accepted for implementation.The results of our studies on pig carcasses 11.1% and 9.1% of carcasses of cattle that came to the market and were made to implement, isolated salmonella Worms for serological and biochemical properties were attributed to serovariantiv S. typhimurium (25.0% ), S. enteritidis (18.7%), S. cholera suis (37.5%) and S. raratyphi (18.7%).Further studies to determine the pathogenic properties of isolated cultures found that 93.7% of them are pathogenic properties inherent in varying degrees, and 18.7% of selected crops (serovarianty S. cholera suis and S. typhimurium) found a high degree of pathogenicity.Investigation of the thermal stability of isolated cultures set high temperature resistant crops serovariantiv S. cholera suis and S. typhimurium – death at a temperature of 90 °C drew after 10 minutes.Our results indicate that under the current system status monitoring safety of meat, there is no preventive aspect, required by international standards, and meat which is sold in the markets can be a source of food poisoning and salmonellosis etiology constitute a danger for the consumer.
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Murphy, Shannon G., Brianna A. Johnson, Camille M. Ledoux, and Tobias Dörr. "Vibrio cholerae’s mysterious Seventh Pandemic island (VSP-II) encodes novel Zur-regulated zinc starvation genes involved in chemotaxis and cell congregation." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): e1009624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009624.
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Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of cholera, a notorious diarrheal disease that is typically transmitted via contaminated drinking water. The current pandemic agent, the El Tor biotype, has undergone several genetic changes that include horizontal acquisition of two genomic islands (VSP-I and VSP-II). VSP presence strongly correlates with pandemicity; however, the contribution of these islands to V. cholerae’s life cycle, particularly the 26-kb VSP-II, remains poorly understood. VSP-II-encoded genes are not expressed under standard laboratory conditions, suggesting that their induction requires an unknown signal from the host or environment. One signal that bacteria encounter under both host and environmental conditions is metal limitation. While studying V. cholerae’s zinc-starvation response in vitro, we noticed that a mutant constitutively expressing zinc starvation genes (Δzur) congregates at the bottom of a culture tube when grown in a nutrient-poor medium. Using transposon mutagenesis, we found that flagellar motility, chemotaxis, and VSP-II encoded genes were required for congregation. The VSP-II genes encode an AraC-like transcriptional activator (VerA) and a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (AerB). Using RNA-seq and lacZ transcriptional reporters, we show that VerA is a novel Zur target and an activator of the nearby AerB chemoreceptor. AerB interfaces with the chemotaxis system to drive oxygen-dependent congregation and energy taxis. Importantly, this work suggests a functional link between VSP-II, zinc-starved environments, and energy taxis, yielding insights into the role of VSP-II in a metal-limited host or aquatic reservoir.
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Ngwa, Moise Chi, Alemu Wondimagegnehu, Ifeanyi Okudo, Collins Owili, Uzoma Ugochukwu, Peter Clement, Isabelle Devaux, et al. "The multi-sectorial emergency response to a cholera outbreak in Internally Displaced Persons camps in Borno State, Nigeria, 2017." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 1 (January 2020): e002000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002000.
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IntroductionIn August 2017, a cholera outbreak started in Muna Garage Internally Displaced Persons camp, Borno state, Nigeria and >5000 cases occurred in six local government areas. This qualitative study evaluated perspectives about the emergency response to this outbreak.MethodsWe conducted 39 key informant interviews and focus group discussions, and reviewed 21 documents with participants involved with surveillance, water, sanitation, hygiene, case management, oral cholera vaccine (OCV), communications, logistics and coordination. Qualitative data analysis used thematic techniques comprising key words in context, word repetition and key sector terms.ResultsAuthorities were alerted quickly, but outbreak declaration took 12 days due to a 10-day delay waiting for culture confirmation. Outbreak investigation revealed several potential transmission channels, but a leaking latrine around the index cases’ house was not repaired for more than 7 days. Chlorine was initially not accepted by the community due to rumours that it would sterilise women. Key messages were in Hausa, although Kanuri was the primary local language; later this was corrected. Planning would have benefited using exercise drills to identify weaknesses, and inventory sharing to avoid stock outs. The response by the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency was perceived to be slow and an increased risk from a religious festival was not recognised. Case management was provided at treatment centres, but some partners were concerned that their work was not recognised asking, ‘Who gets the glory and the data?’ Nearly one million people received OCV and its distribution benefited from a robust infrastructure for polio vaccination. There was initial anxiety, rumour and reluctance about OCV, attributed by many to lack of formative research prior to vaccine implementation. Coordination was slow initially, but improved with activation of an emergency operations centre (EOC) that enabled implementation of incident management system to coordinate multisectoral activities and meetings held at 16:00 hours daily. The synergy between partners and government improved when each recognised the government’s leadership role.ConclusionDespite a timely alert of the outbreak, delayed laboratory confirmation slowed initial response. Initial responses to the outbreak were not well coordinated but improved with the EOC. Understanding behaviours and community norms through rapid formative research should improve the effectiveness of the emergency response to a cholera outbreak. OCV distribution was efficient and benefited from the polio vaccine infrastructure.
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Wahyuni, Denai, and Risa Etika Muktitama. "UJI MORTALITAS KECOA AMERIKA (Periplaneta americana) MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAK KULIT DURIAN (Durio zibethinus Murr)." Photon: Jurnal Sain dan Kesehatan 9, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37859/jp.v9i2.1353.
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Cockroaches can transmit disease to humans both mechanically and biologically, among others, dysentery, diarrhea, cholera, hepatitis A virus and polio in children. One effort that can be done in reducing the American cockroach without using synthetic insecticides is by using durian leaf extract (DuriozibethinusMurr). The purpose of this study was to determine the content of secondary metabolite compounds present in the skin of durian, determining the mortality of the American cockroaches and determining the LC50 value. This research was conducted by using experimental laboratory method in vivo. Durian leather extracts were made in various concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30%, then put the American cockroach into the test box and observed for 3 hours. Based on the research, durian leaf extract contains flavonoid compounds, saponins, tannins and alkaloids. Percentage of mortality of American cockroaches. at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20% and 30% respectively ie 11.11%, 22.22%, 38.88% and 61.11% with LC50 values of 2,63x105 ppm. It can be concluded that durian skin extract is capable of killing American cockroaches characterized by the percentage of death of American cockroaches.
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Amalia, Ra Hoetary Tirta. "Water Quality Analysis of Kelekar River in Burai Village Kecamatan Tanjung Batu/ Tanjung Batu Subdistrict Kabupaten Ogan Ilir/ Ogan Ilir District to Identify the Toxic Effects Caused." Jurnal Biota 5, no. 1 (February 27, 2019): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/biota.v5i1.2655.
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Water is one of the biggest components from environment and an important aspect of living organism. The source of water that can be used by community to fulfill their needs is river water, but in recent years, the river water is no longer clear. There are various kinds of water pollution/ contamination sources, including waste from community whether it is from household waste or agriculture waste in smaller to bigger scales, or also industrial waste that can cause environment-based diseases such as cholera, dysentery, skin-disease, typhus, and so on that originated from dirty water Furthermore, if the river water has been contaminated with chemicals, especially heavy metals, it can cause severe toxic effects that will lead to death. Therefore, the aim of this research are knowing the quality of river water on Burai Village, Tanjung Baru Subdistrict, Ogan Ilir District, and analyzing the toxic effects that will occur due to the pollution/ contamination. Water examination was conducted in Laboratory of BTKL Palembang and Laboratory of Science and Technology Faculty UIN Raden Fatah Palembang. From the results of examination, it was found that physically the water was colored, smelly, and turbid, also the existance of heavy metals and numbers of high coliform, around >1600/100 mL samples. This is very dangerous because it can contaminate the aquatic biota in the river and the community whose consuming it can lead to disease or even heavy metal poisoning.
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Ievy, Samina, Mohammad Ferdousur Rahman Khan, Md Ariful Islam, and Md Bahanur Rahman. "Isolation and Identification of Pasteurella multocida from Chicken for the Preparation of Oil Adjuvanted Vaccine." Microbes and Health 2, no. 1 (December 4, 2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/mh.v2i1.17253.
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The research work was performed for the isolation and identification of Pasteurella multocida from field cases, preparation of oil adjuvanted vaccine from isolated strain and determination of its efficacy. Samples were collected from suspected dead birds of three poultry farms of Bangladesh (Code name: M and R). The P. multocida isolates were Gram negative, non-motile, non- spore forming rod occurring singly or pairs and occasionally as chains or filaments. Biochemically P. multocida ferment basic sugar and consistently produced acid except from maltose and lactose. After isolation formalin killed oil adjuvanted Fowl cholera vaccine was prepared in Laboratory of the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, BAU and this experimental vaccine (3.2x108 CFU/ml) was administered in nine weeks old White Leg Horn chickens at the different dose rate through intramuscular (IM) route in each selected group A (1ml alum precipitated vaccine), B (0.5ml alum precipitated vaccine), C (1ml oil adjuvanted vaccine) and D (0.5ml oil adjuvanted vaccine). Pre-vaccinated sera were collected from all groups of birds. The mean of Passive Hemagglutination (PHA) titers of post-vaccination were 51±17.8, 76.8±17, 89.6±17, and 115±17.81 in group A, B, C and D respectively which consist of 5 birds in each. The vaccine produced better immune response when boostering with the similar dose and route at 15 days after primary vaccination. The mean PHA titers were higher at group D than other groups after boostering. Challenge infection was conducted on all the vaccinated and control group (n=5) of birds after 15 days of vaccination which protect 93.75% of birds and the PHA titers from different groups analyzed to determine the protective capacity of vaccinated chickens against challenge exposure. It was demonstrated that experimental oil adjuvanted fowl cholera vaccine with 0.5ml dose produce higher immune response against challenge infection and found to be safe. Microbes and Health, June 2013, 2(1): 1-4DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/mh.v2i1.17253
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Ochu, Chinwe Lucia, Oluwatosin Wuraola Akande, Oyeronke Oyebanji, Olaolu Aderinola, Oladipo Ogunbode, Rhoda Atteh, Tochi Okwor, et al. "‘Fighting a Global War Using a Local Strategy’: contextualism in COVID-19 response in Africa." BMJ Innovations 7, no. 2 (April 2021): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjinnov-2020-000637.
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With a considerably high level of poverty, high population density and relatively fragile health systems, most African countries have a predominance of factors that could contribute to the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite these challenges, the continent has shown capacity in its response to the pandemic. This may be related to the continent’s experience in responding to several infectious disease outbreaks such as Ebola disease, Lassa fever and cholera. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, several local innovations have been developed and implemented. These innovations take into consideration unique circumstances in countries such as multiple government levels, belief in traditional medicine, limited access to medical supplies and others. This paper describes the various strategies developed in African countries across leadership and coordination, surveillance, laboratory capacity, case management, infection, prevention and control, risk communications, points of entry, research, logistics and supply chain, partnership, food security and education. We highlight the impact of these strategies on the response so far, and lessons that other regions across the world can learn from Africa’s response to COVID-19. Finally, we recommend the urgent need for increased investment in African health and social institutions to enable the development of African-owned and led strategies in response to disease outbreaks.
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Chen, Xing Zhou, Zhi Peng Xu, Xiao Ping Chen, Xi Hong Zhao, and Qing Yang. "Development of a Safer Platform for the Production of Recombinant Product than GM Crops." Advanced Materials Research 647 (January 2013): 424–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.647.424.
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Many genetically modified (GM) crops were used for production of plant-derived edible vaccines and other therapeutic recombinant products. However, GM crops resulted in the ecotoxicological risk of gene transfer because of pollen flow during the past 20 years. The most-commonly used eukaryotic model alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has recently been shown the potential of decreasing this risk. Compared to GM crops, there is no risk of gene transfer because the alga culture can be deserved completely scrutiny under laboratory condition and it do not produce pollen. Recently, we had transformed the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with two genes, CTB and CV1, which encode cholera toxin B subunit and chimeric antigen CV1 fused CTB with VP1 protein from foot and mouth disease virus (FDMV). The transgenic alga subculture were carried out under different selective conditions. The recombinant antigen in transgenic Chlamydomonas chloroplast was detected by western blotting in a period of subculture time. However, the PCR detection data demonstrated that transgene integrated with chloroplast genome would be lost in a special time when was connected with subculture condition. Although loss of transgenic fragment was an inevitable fate for the green alga, our research data showed the possibility that the presence of transgenic fragment was strictly regulated. Thus, the alga can be used for a safer platform for the production of recombinant product than GM crops.
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Waitt, Peter, Shillah Nakato, Rodgers Ayebare, Umaru Ssekabira, Judith Nanyondo, Catriona Waitt, Stephen Okoboi, and Mohammed Lamorde. "Onsite Mentorship Model for Isolation and Management of Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Syndromes at a Ugandan Hospital." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s491—s492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.1167.
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Background:Uganda is prone to viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) outbreaks. Infection prevention and control capacity is critical to supporting patient care, to preventing nosocomial transmission to health workers, and to limiting spread within the community. Offsite didactic training may increase healthcare worker knowledge, but this approach may be inadequate for assuring confident execution of practical clinical tasks in patient care settings. We aimed to develop a competency-based, onsite mentorship model for sentinel case isolation and management of viral hemorrhagic fever syndromes in Uganda. Methods: The Naguru Regional Referral Hospital (China Uganda Friendship Hospital) Kampala was selected as a site for training after its designation by the Uganda Ministry of Health (MoH) as facility for isolation of healthcare workers with suspected or confirmed VHF. The need for mentorships was determined from information from training providers, MoH assessments, hospital management, and key hospital staff. A list of skills was developed by reviewing WHO case management guidelines and Uganda-approved VHF trainings. The skills, exercised using scenario-based drills, focused on safety practices, identification and isolation of suspect cases, and delivery of optimized clinical care to suspected cases of VHF, among others. Trained facilitators (n = 2–4) supervised drills attended by staff from Naguru and other Kampala-based health facilities. Drills were scheduled weekly and were ordered to progressively increase in complexity. Specific drills could be repeated at the subsequent mentorship visit if gaps were identified. Results: Over 3 months, 12 drills were completed (Table 1). Cadres trained included 10 medical doctors, 12 nurses, 3 clinical officers, 5 laboratory technicians, 6 hygienists, 2 security officers, and 3 administrative officers. On average, 8 hospital staff attended weekly drills. During 3 months of the intervention, 1 suspected case of VHF and 3 cases with laboratory confirmed cholera were managed by the hospital team, and staff demonstrated the capacity for safe handling of patients with infectious bodily fluids. Barriers encountered included practice fatigue from repeated drills, challenges with team cohesion since members were from different institutions, limited personal protective equipment for repeated trainings, and competing routine hospital activities that reduced numbers of staff available for training. Repeated drills included clinical management, cadaver management, and infectious spills. Conclusions: This onsite mentorship project supported healthcare workers to gain confidence in the management of suspected VHF infection and other highly infectious diseases. Continued mentorship, hospital administration support and increase in exercise complexity are needed to consolidate on these gains.Funding: NoneDisclosures: Mohammed Lamorde reports contract research for Janssen Pharmaceutica, ViiV, and Mylan.
Book chapters on the topic "Cholera Research Laboratory"
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van Heyningen, W. E., and John R. Seal. "The SEATO Cholera Research Program and the Pakistan-SEATO Cholera Research Laboratory in Dacca." In Cholera, 95–118. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429049194-4.
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