Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chômage – Politique économique'
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Beugnot, Julie. "Chômage et politique économique dans un contexte d'équilibres multiples." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10012.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the performances of labor market in an economy subject to multiple equilibria and the implications of such a configuration for economic policy. It contains four pieces of research, each dealing with a particular aspect of the general setting. First, the econometric analysis of the unemployment time series for several OECD countries,which allows the identification of regime switches and their characteristics, brings forth some significant evidence that the multiple equilibria framework is relevant. Second, the effect of the implementation and of the rise of the minimum wage are investigated through a static model, assuming imperfect competition, heterogeneous labor input and wage negotiations at the firm level. Though minimum wage hikes have an adverse effect on employment, the implementation of a binding minimum wage turns out to be an efficient tool for excluding the Pareto- inferior equilibrium. Third economic policy conditions are also affected because the existence of multiple equilibria alters the dynamic properties of the economy. This case has been investigated in the framework of a fully dynamic model assuming imperfect competition individual wage negotiations and matching frictions. Finally, a coordination game experiment confirms that the introduction of a sunspot can be a source of coordination failure and inefficiency in an economy with two Pareto-ranked equilibria
Trani, Béatrice. "Trois essais sur les théories du chômage." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE0030.
Full textLang, Dany. "Hysteresis in unemployment." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX24009.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to explore the different aspects of the concept of hysteresis, and to examine its import and the issues it raises for the analysis of unemployment. More precisely, the work tries to determine to what extent, and under what conditions, hysteresis gives rise to operational models of unemployment that differ from models whose dynamics are founded on the Natural Rate of Unemployment (NRU) or on the Non Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment (NAIRU) concepts. The thesis consists of three chapters. The first one proposes a detailed analysis of the Othersʺ of hysteresis, the NRU and the NAIRU, and of their associated macroeconomic dynamics. The second chapter examines three approaches to hysteresis in economics, and the problems associated with them. . These approaches are hysteresis seen as the presence of a unit root, hysteresis conceived as a theory of endogenous structural change, and hysteresis defined as a process of disequilibrium adjustment. The last chapter is about genuineʺ hysteresis, the definition of which corresponds to the definition given to the phenomenon of hysteresis in scientific fields like physics or biology. Apart from establishing a typology of the main models of hysteresis, and providing a detailed critical analysis of the different models of the NRU, NAIRU and hysteresis, this thesis also makes its own contribution to applied economics, by constructing and then testing hysteretic versions of Okun's law and the Phillips curveʺ
Tripier, Fabien. "Croissance et imperfections du marché du travail : les apports d'une analyse intégrée." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100174.
Full textChiesa, André. "Analyse du phénomène de l'émission monétaire et de sa non neutralité au sein du débat entre néo-keynésiens et monétaristes : plaidoyer pour l'application de la politique budgétaire face au chômage." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE0034.
Full textGayon, Vincent. "L'OCDE au travail : contribution à une sociologie historique de la "coopération économique internationale" sur le chômage et l'emploi (1970-2010)." Paris 9, 2010. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2010PA090024.
Full textVranceanu, Radu. "Le chômage dans les économies en transition : théorie, économétrie et implications de politique économique pour la Roumanie." Paris 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA020148.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to analyse the specific causes for unemployment in the eastern european reforming countries (eerc). A survey of the literature on tansition to market economy was used to properly place unemployment issues in this particular economic framework. Three main causes of unemployment have been identified : demand contraction (cyclic unemployment), labour cross-sectorial movements (restructuring unemployment) and real wage stickiness (structural unemployment). We review the foundations of the first two types in the light of the current theories. For the influence of the specific labour market institutions in the eerc. Within this framework, we then analyse the particular case of the romanian economy. We take an in-depht look at the reform process and the creation of a labour market. Using an auto-regressive vector model of the economy, we attempt to asses the relative weight of the various factors on unemployment fluctuations. In the end, based on our conclusions, we formulate several suggestions in terms of economics and reform strategies, mainly aimed at improving labour market functioning
Teste, Thierry. "Les modèles de durée : application pour un traitement micro-économique des durées de chômage." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOE012.
Full textMade from the survey entitled "suivi des chômeurs", this thesis suggests an econometric analysis of unemployment duration in France. This analysis follows a reduced form and rests essentially on the theory of duration models. It uses the most recent techniques. Thus, it is possible to integrate into models the different exits met after unemployment: regular job, marginal job or inactivity. Most of all, it is possible to take into account the stock sampling from the survey, whose importance and influence are underlined. The main objective of this thesis is to be a logical continuation to the numerous studies undertaken until now. That's why this study resumes known and tested buildings. It also uses proportional hazard models and a model of accelerated life. This thesis also shows how this method could be extended to correct the length biased sampling on the model referred to. Moreover, by analyzing the effects of unemployment benefits, it also suggests a modelisation integrating temporal variables
Belayadi, Rabab. "Mobilité du capital, chômage et politiques publiques : trois essais." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC034.
Full textThis thesis studies the influence of capital mobility on public policies in an imperfect labor market. We present three contributions to provide some insights on this issue. Firstly, we introduce unemployment into the capital tax competition literature to study the effect of capital mobility on the provision of public goods. Our analysis shows that the usual result of underprovision of public goods is not always preserved in the presence of unemployment. We then investigate the minimum wage policy under the constraint of capital mobility when its role is to adjust the distribution of incomes. We find that, in a non-cooperative context, capital mobility would constrain governments to set lower minimum wages.Finally, we study the influence of capital mobility on the efficiency of labor market policies when governments cannot cooperate. Using a search-matching model with an exogenous stock of capital, we find that implementing a minimum wage can make the decentralized equilibrium coincide with a social optimum in a closed economy. Next we extend the analysis to an n-country economy, the most surprising result being that capital mobility does not affect the efficiency of public policy
Remillon, Delphine. "Chômage et transitions critiques dans les carrières. Les évaluations au coeur d'une analyse socio-économique de l'inemployabilité." Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100113.
Full textThis work aims to study employment inequalities, from a dynamic perspective. Our purpose is to understand, through the analysis of “critical” transitions in careers, how some people become unemployable. Firstly, we use data from two national French surveys, Histoire de vie (Insee) and Familles et employeurs (Ined), to investigate changes in professional trajectories. The statistical analysis of this data reveals a persistent segmentation between a majority of stable careers, protected from unemployment, and mobile trajectories, with recurrent transitions with unemployment. Secondly, we develop an analytical framework, based on French convention theory, which accounts for the processes of selection on the labour market by focusing on quality evaluations in “trials.” Thirdly, we use qualitative data from interviews with unemployed persons to build a typology of careers based on a textual analysis of these speeches. It reveals a plurality of models for the evaluation of work’s quality. The construction of unemployability differs from one segment of the labour market to another and is the result of interactions with specific intermediaries. If unemployability is a social construct, then it can be deconstructed, and this is precisely what the two institutions of social integration that we also studied try to do. We analyse this original method of intervention on unemployment
Salmon, Jean-Michel. "Chômage et politique économique dans les petites économies insulaires en développement : théorie et application à La Barbade, Trinidad et Tobago et l'Ile Maurice." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010008.
Full textThe small island developing countries (SIDC) have a small population of less than one million inhabitants and a small area. The long distance to the main economic markets and the characteristics of insularity lead to a costly accessibility. The conjunction of small size and bad accessibility brings about stynergetic effects at the orign of specific structural features of SIDC. For example, the small volume of production prevents the gains associated with scale economies ; a strong openness with high concentration of exports ; specialisation in tradable services. . . The growth impact of these particularities is not clear: the growth rate of SIDC is not inferior to that of other developing countries, and most often they belong to the middle income range. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of economic policy in SIDC is subject ot some limits : in particular, structural unemployment is very high in most islands. The aim of our analysis is to find out the determinants of unemployment in these islands. The recent theories of unemployment in developed countries and the treatment of employment in the development litterature are surveyed. An econometric model with autoregressive vectors is applied to the dynamics of the init cost of labor and the employment in Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago and Mauritus. It is shown that in small income SIDC, the economy can follow the first stage of export-led development. In higher income SIDC, the high level of wages prevents this strategy, and growth can be explained by services exports or primary rent exports, and influenced by strong keynesian forces
Sandillon, Isabelle. "Les causes du chômage européen : analyse comparée des facteurs structurels et du policy mix dans le contexte de la mise en place de l'UEM." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX24005.
Full textBoukari, Noureddine. "Emplois saisonniers, assurance-emploi et offre de travail des couples : une analyse économique empirique appliquée à la réforme de 2012." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66716.
Full textA generous employment insurance system to protect those who lose their job does not encourage them to look for work. The 2012 Employment Insurance Reform in Canada is part of a long series of legislative changes in employment insurance policies aimed at encouraging the unemployed, and more specifically seasonal workers who are the most frequent claimants, to return to work. In this thesis, we use the Double Difference Regression Method to study the effect of this reform on couples. According to our results, the objective sought through this public policy seems to have been achieved, by stimulating the research and the acceptance of new jobs among men workers in the seasonal industry. On the other hand, there appears to be no negative impact of the Added Worker Effect on their spouses.
Démarest, Guy. "Histoire comparée des politiques de déflation compétitive." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://intranet.univ-orleans.fr/bibliotheques/theses/guy-demarest_3390.pdf.
Full textThe economic policies carried out since the 1990s in Euroland have failed to respond to the central issue of the crisis: the lack of employment. Based on austerity as a mean to achieve competitivness, competitive deflation policies have been imposed from 2008 onwards to countries having difficulties in the zone,particularly Greece. To analyze the factual aspects and the theoretical issues of these policies, we have used a comparative approach that makes economic history and economic theory meet.The policy carried out in the United Kingdom from 1920 to 1931 shows many similarities to that carried out in Greece from 2008 to 2015 (chapter 1). The failures of the experiments with deflation policies in interwarEurope led to theoretical questioning whose main actor was J. M. Keynes, by showing that it was necessary to take into account aggregate demand in economic policy (chapter 2). The keynesian ideas and policies were a success during the 1950s and the 1960s before being dropped and theoretically rejected.Consequently, the competitive deflation policy was implemented again (chapter 3). Other countries have carried out different experiments ; yet they show common theoretical foundations and limits with competitive deflation. Their results plead again for supporting aggregate demand (chapter 4). Nevertheless, accelerated growth sould meet neither ecological urgency nor lack of employment, because it does not depend mechanically upon growth. Integrating variations of global volume of work and average duration of work into analysis should make economic policies more efficient (chapter 5)
Na, Yeongdon. "Les groupes défavorisés sur le marché du travail et la politique de l'emploi : Le cas de la Corée : 1998-1999." Paris, CNAM, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CNAM0418.
Full textThe object of this study is to evaluate the extent to which Korea's post-crisis employment policy was helpful for disadvantaged groups in the labour market to be re-employed. Various econometric studies reveal as follows : (1) in connnection with the macroeconomic shock, the adjustment of wages and employment was especially strong, while working hour adjustment was weak. (2) The Korean labour market is segmented between the primary and secondary sectors. Temporary workers, the poor, and low-educated people are more disadvantaged than other social groups. (3) The more disadvantaged groups tend to be more easily excluded from the government programmes. (4) The positive effects of active labour market programmes on reducing non-employment duration are stronger for disadvantaged workers, while the effects on re-employment in a regular job are smaller for them
Zinini, M'Hammed. "Politique sociale et crise." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF10104.
Full textBlasco, Sylvie. "The take-up of the unemployment insurance in France." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0060.
Full textA significant share of the unemployed workers do not register at the national unemployment agency, preventing them from receiving job search assistance and financial compensation when eligible. In this thesis, we measure the registration rates in France and provide theoretical and empirical elements to explain this behaviour. The analysis roots in the rational choice framework in the sense that eligible job seekers claim if gains, monetary or not, outweigh costs associated with participation. Following the take-up literature, we consider monetary incentives, imperfect information about entitlement, administrative barriers and stigma. To highlight the endogenous link between benefits take-up and job search activity, and to distinguish temporary from permanent non take-up, we propose a job search model wherein the worker needs to exert a claiming effort to be insured. Using both surveys and matched administrative data, we conduct a duration analysis and structural estimations. Quick returns to employment and frictions in the claiming process explain low take-up rates. We also tackle the behaviour of registered unemployed workers with respect to job search assistance. We use the 2001 reform, which made job search assistance an integral part of the French unemployment insurance. We examine whether workers who were registered at the time of the reform decided or not to enter in the new system We find a significant, but small, non take-up rate and evidence of self-selection. Stigma, informational issues and expectation of a short unemployment spell are found to explain non participation, but these effects are not high enough to prevent participation for most of the workers
Devulder, Antoine. "Involuntary unemployment and financial frictions in estimated DSGE models." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E016/document.
Full textThanks to their internal consistency. DSGE models, built on microecoc behavor, have become prevalenl for business cycle and policy analysis in institutions. The recent crisis and governments' concern about persistent unemployment advocate for mechanism, capturing imperfect adjustments in credit and labor markets. However, popular models such as the one of Smets and Wouters (2003-2007), although unsophisticated in their representation of these markets, are able to replicate the data as well as usual econometric tools. It is thus necessary to question the benefits of including these frictions in theoretical models for operational use.ln this thesis, I address this issue and show that microfounded mechanisms specifiç to labor and credit markets can significantly alter the conclusions based on the use of an estimated DSGE model, fom both a positive and a normative perspective.For this purpose, I build a two-country model of France and the rest of the euro area with exogenous rest of the world variables, and estimate it with and without these two frictions using Bayesian techniques. By contrast with existing models, I propose two improvements of the representation of labor markets. First, following Pissarides (2009), only wages in new jobs are negotiated by firms and workers, engendering stickiness in the average real wage. Second, I develop a set of assumptions to make labor market participation endogenous and unemployment involuntary in the sense that the unemployed workers are worse-off that the employed ones. Yet, including this setup in the estimated model is left for future research.Using the four estimated versions of the model, I undertake a number of analyses to highlight the role of financial and labor market frictions : an historical shock decomposition of fluctuations during the crisis, the evaluation of several monetary policy rules, a counterfactual simulation of the crisis under the assumption of a flexible exchange rate regime between France and the rest of the euro area and, lastly, the simulation of social VAT scenarios
Lequien, Laurent. "Essais d'évaluation de politique publique dans les champs de l'éducation, de la santé et des politiques d'emploi." Phd thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00705944.
Full textZinoune, Mohamed. "Les analyses du cycle politico-économique : essai d'application à la France et au Maroc." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF10021.
Full textThe political economic cycle entends to analyze how the state of the economy influences on the electors’ preferences, that is to say their way of appreciating the political parties and in the same way how does the government influence on the state of economy. The confirmation of this hypothesis goes through the finding of models of the political economic cycle, which emphasizes on the interdependence of the economic and political sectors. Some statistical tests are carried out French and Moroccan experiences during the last twenty-five years
Desbonnet, Audrey. "Épargne de précaution et hétérogénéité des richesses : une réévaluation des politiques redistributives et d'assurance." Paris 1, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00163103.
Full textCounta, Mouhamadoul Moustapha. "Chômage de la main-d'oeuvre qualifiée, difficultés d'insertion et déclassement des jeunes diplômés : le cas des pays de l'UEMOA." Le Havre, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LEHA0001.
Full textIn UEMOA’s countries, the professional insertion has been a real nightmare for new graduates. Despite high level studies, they have difficulties to find a correct job after their studies vocational training. The labour demand in the informal sector is increasing, but the jobs are less paid and put workers in big precariousness. Most of the new graduates do not look for a job in the informal sector, that’s why their level of unemployment is running high. Some young qualified graduates, for survival strategies and to avoid social chaos, often choose the less of social and professional position. UEMOA’s countries labour market doesn’t put on much employment for skilled people. The investors are sceptical about the ideas of making production in those markets; the public institutions don’t have enough resources to put on jobs for news graduates. Despite strong flexibility in labour market, the job demand is very limited, and workers have already been in precariousness. Those deadlocks are led authorities to let informal sector proliferate. However, the development of informal sector may lead to: weakening of public institutions, exploitation of workers and kids, missing of social covertures for workers, less interesting in education, growing of illegal economy… Legislations which advantaged the developing of informal sector can amplify the problem of deskilling. That’s why, unlike some author’s views, we suggest that those kinds of policies have to be avoided. The UEMOA’s states have to make efforts in order to help the informal sector to fit into the legal framework
Gérard, Frédéric. "L' élaboration d'une conviction en contexte d'incertitude cognitive : le choix français de la réduction du temps de travail pour lutter contre le chômage." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040192.
Full textHow to explain the existence of a public policy in its given contents? How to explain its changes in time? To answer this double interrogation, we cross the border which separates policy analysis from the sociology of public action and we put forward the draft of an actionnist model. In our view, a policy is an attempt, by public decision makers, to make a loop between the system of expectations they assume in a specific network of public action and the evolution of reality that this network deals with. Consequently, if they resort to a public action, it is because there is a sufficiently grave gap between their system of expectations and reality, because they have alternatives and because one of them is perceived as relatively adequate with the reduction of his gap. When this public action introduces a major break in the course of the policy, it is because the public system of expectations is significantly altered, either by political impetus, or by policy oriented learning. We undertake to test this model of the "good reasons" on the ground of working time policies to fight unemployment on the one hand, we proceed to a rigorous, systematic and quantitative comparison of policies of this type followed in the states of Europe of the fifteen and in Norway, over the period 1978-2000, to show their causes. On the other hand, in a french monograph, we follow the successes, the failures and the re-formations of a "planning" project of working-time reduction since its elaboration, in the years 1975-1979, until its realization, in 1998, in the form of the first Aubry law on the "35 hours"
Mével, Caroline. "Les New Yorkais dans la grande dépression 1929-1934 : chômage et aide sociale : prolégomènes à un New Deal." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070082.
Full textFrom 1929 to 1934, New York appears to have been the laboratory where, in the move from private charity to public welfare, the prolegomena to the New Deal, and beyond, to the Welfare State, were set. At the epicenter of the financial crisis, New York's unemployed were growing fast to a million or more, and working or living in Manhattan, specifically, was getting difficult. Denied social protection and private resources, needy families sought help from the numerous service agencies and "scientific" charities which were supported by rich philanthropists and run by social reformers who employed professional social workers. From 1931 on, their power to act reached its limit, and they appealed to the political authorities for help. The City of New York had limited powers in the field of caring for the destitute; its role was mainly to provide advice and help to private programs, and contribute to setting up fund raising appeals. In 1931, Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt moved New York State into action with the TERA. Its aim was a massive program of job creation; material help was made possible too. The State let the City of New York build its own relief and employment programs and injected public funds as an incentive to act. During the "Hundred Days" (March 4 — June 16, 1933), President Franklin D. Roosevelt created the FERA which applied at a federal level reenacted the rules of the TERA and the New York experiment. The top New York social work leaders were involved in building a public welfare System and a labor legislation which put the common man under the protection of the Federal State
Falcon, Morales Mónica Lizbet. "Le modèle de l'emploi européen (UE)." Paris 8, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA083051.
Full textIn front of increasing requirements of the economic globalization and its repercussions in the work world, the employment becomes a main preoccupation of the national policies. Employment seems a crucial subject of the European agenda, a social reference but the established common action is controversial. The unemployment and the transformations of the labor market become the great challenges of the Union. In this thesis we set out to study how, in a situation of monetary union and of unemployment rise, the EU can resolve it, through the implantation, the use and the effectiveness of a common strategy to deal with the employment. Our theoretical framework, after a survey on the various theories about the employment, and next on the theories of European integration in general, displays a short history of the emergence of employment like subject in the European set. We specify the events of the Nineties, during which a European reference frame for the treatment of the use of the Member States is built, at the years two thousand where employment becomes a privileged political tool of legitimacy of the Union. Our framework finishes with the analysis of the effectiveness of the establishment of a "European employment model", i. E. A cognitive framework proposed to the Member States, in order to optimize the management of its Employment Policy. We add the analysis of some convergences and differences of Spain, France and the United Kingdom, which enable us to examine limited in which the "model" can influence the form and the contents of each national policy
Bilioniere, Maurice. "Étude comparative du chômage dans la Caraïbe à l’aide de la modélisation EGC : le cas de la Guadeloupe et de Trinité et Tobago, deux économies rentières." Thesis, Antilles, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANTI0385.
Full textThe "miracle of the 1980s" referred to by Guengant (1993) shows a strong increase in employment in Guadeloupe from the 1980s onwards. This increase, which is the result of economic stimulus policies, in particular tax relief measures and employment support policies, has been accompanied by a simultaneous increase in unemployment, reflecting a paradox that highlights the particular importance of employment and unemployment issues in this overseas department (DOM). Unemployment rate is over 20%, according to the statistics posted by the government over the last few decades. This is a worrying situation compared to that of France, which has rates half as high.Guadeloupe, this French department in the Caribbean region, often perceived by its geographical neighbors as a prosperous territory, among the most developed in the region, is at the head of unemployment list. It is enough to put into perspective with these other territories in the same geographic area to appreciate the gap with those with the lowest unemployment rates in the area, more particularly Trinidad and Tobago. These two territories, which are at the opposite end of the spectrum from the levels of unemployment in the Caribbean, which appear to be completely distant, if only because of their political status, a French region for Guadeloupe and an independent Commonwealth republic for Trinidad and Tobago, nevertheless share a common singularity. Indeed, they both make exceptional figures by their annuity configuration based on natural resources in Trinidad and Tobago on the one hand and on the non-market sector in Guadeloupe on the other. On the latter, the gradual transition to a transfer economy, the result of France's catch-up policy envisaged following the departmentalization of 1946 and its socio-economic application, has placed the economy in a "administrative rent" configuration. In the case of Trinidad and Tobago, from the 20th century onwards, the economy gradually emancipated itself from its agricultural development following the discovery of hydrocarbon resources. In this new configuration, the Trinidad and Tobago economy was marked by an energy boom during the 1970s caused by the simultaneous increase in its oil production and the price of oil per barrel at the international level.The problem of unemployment in Guadeloupe also leads us to study sectoral labour mobility, which is put forward as a way to improve labour market conditions in the Caribbean
Lepetit, Antoine. "Sources and costs of labor market fluctuations and the role of stabilization policies." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010019/document.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is twofold: (1) uncover the sources of labor market fluctuations and evaluate their costs, (2) understand whether monetary policy should be concerned with stabilizing these fluctuations. More precisely, it addresses a certain number of intertwined questions. First, which disturbances underlie labor market fluctuations? Do they find their origin within or outside the labor market? Second, are there key characteristics of the labor market that tend to amplify or dampen the effects of these shocks on economic activity? Third, how costly are these fluctuations, and what does this imply for stabilization policies, especially monetary policy? The first chapter addresses the first question. It identifies and quantifies the importance for economic fluctuations of two labor market shocks, a labor supply shock and a wage bargaining shock, within a Vector Auto Regressive (VAR) mode!. The shocks are identified with sign restrictions. The main result that emerges from this analysis is that both shocks are important for output and unemployment fluctuations in the short run and in the long run. The second chapter is related to the literature that argues that wage rigidity is key to explaining the size of labor market fluctuations. It derives an analytical solution for the wage from an alternating-offer wage bargaining game à la Hall and Milgrom (2008) under a plausible parameter restriction. The third chapter addresses the third question. It tries to understand how the nature of unemployment fluctuations shapes the optimal design of monetary policy. It shows that, when unemployment fluctuations are asymmetric, the standard macroeconomic trade-off between inflation and unemployment stabilization becomes a trade-off between inflation stabilization and average unemployment. In this environment, it is optimal for the central bank to adopt a dual mandate, that is, a policy that features a strong response to employment alongside inflation. The welfare gains of adopting this policy rather than a policy of price stability are found to be substantial
Sam, Vichet. "Impacts des inadéquations en termes d’éducation aux pays en développements avec une attention particulière sur le Cambodge." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAA012/document.
Full textThe enrollment rate in higher education in Cambodia has risen rapidly in the last two decades. Nevertheless, concerns on the graduates' employability exist: University graduates seem to be more and more struggled to find jobs corresponding to their level and field of education, the so-called vertical and horizontal mismatches.This thesis aims at examining the impacts of educational mismatches among graduates in developing countries with a special attention to the Cambodia's case.Chapter 1 examines the relation between education-job mismatches and unemployment duration among graduates in Cambodia. Theoretically, by assuming that job seekers can only access to limited information about the available job opportunities, they face two alternative choices between accepting the first job offer that can be mismatched to their qualification and staying unemployed to wait for a better suitable job. In contrast, if workers are heterogeneous and the job opportunities are limited, it is possible that some workers may fail to find a matched position and stay unemployed for a longer duration.This chapter contributes to the literature in three points. First, we extend the research into the developing country. Second, we take into account the endogeneity of educational mismatches and consider them in their both forms and all dimensions: Vertical or horizontal, single or double mismatch. Third, we propose an analysis from two angles: A theoretical model and an empirical model applied on a survey data in 2011 from nineteen higher education institutions (HEI) in Cambodia. The results underline that unemployment duration increases with the risks of mismatches.Chapter 2 examines whether education-job mismatches lower individual wages. There exists a theoretical consensus on the negative impact of mismatches on wages. Indeed, working in a mismatched job would not allow workers to exploit their potential skills, and consequently they would be less productive and earn less than if they were employed in a matched occupation. Yet, some limits remain in empirical studies.Hence, this chapter contributes to the literature in three points. First, it analyzes another case of developing country, while the existing studies focus on relatively more advanced countries. Second, it analyzes the combination effects of vertical and horizontal mismatches. Third, we take into account the selection bias problem by proposing an ordered Heckman model applied on a survey data from eight HEI in Cambodia in 2014. The econometric results allow us concluding that wages decrease with the level of mismatches.Chapter 3 examines the impacts of overeducation on economics growth in thirty-eight developing countries. Two theoretical approaches confront each another. First, a worker's productivity depends on both job attributes and individual characteristics. Thus, overeducated workers are more productive than their counterparts in the same job, which is good for the economic growth. In contrast, overeducated workers may be dissatisfied with their jobs, which induces to counterproductive behaviors, such as high rates of absenteeism and turnover, that is bad for the growth outcome.Hence, this chapter contributes to the literature in two points. First, this chapter contributes in terms of data, allowing to analyze the impacts of overeducation on economic growth in developing countries. Second, this chapter deals with unobserved heterogeneity and endogeneity of overeducation by employing two-stage least squares regression with country fixed-effects. The results show that overeducation has a negative impact on economic growth
Borda, Patrice. "Chocs et changements de régimes sur le marché du travail : persistance, hystéresis : faits, théories et politiques." Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE0051.
Full textIn the '70s, nations 'main concern was price. Today, they worry about mass unemployment. As a matter of fact, these last two decades, unemployment rate has steadly increase in most western countries. Wa can easily understant that under such conditions, one of the most worrying characteristics of this evolution is unemployment persistence. Indeed, this latter is far from going back to its law levelin the 60's despite the economic recovery (after the dollar devaluation). The aim of this dissertation is then to explain on a theoretical and empirical level, unemeployment hysteresis. Though a serie of methods which are the unit root model, var models and non linear models. The well known models help support the empirical results. The failure of stabilisation mecanisms due to wage-setting and the dualism in the labor market showed that the new theories could explain a great variety of stilisyzed facts
Daou, Marie. "Les fondements de la pensée économique de Jacques Rueff : entre itinéraire intellectuel et théories." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E046.
Full textMethodologically unconventional, moderately heterodox in theory and reformer at heart, Rueff makes an original contribution to twentieth-century economic thought. However, the study of his theoretical work has often been limited only to his monetary and financial theory. Accordingly, it gives an incomplete vision of his true contribution to economic theory. On the opposite, my dissertation focuses on issues relatively unexplored in secondary literature up until now, such as his unemployment theory, the specific features of his liberalism and his methodology. The aim is not just to set out Rueff’s theory, but also to reconstruct the intellectual project in which it fits in order to shed light on the unity and consistency of his thought. Whether it is for the young Rueff of the 1920’s—who wondered about the methodology in economics—or Rueff after the Second World War—considering the role of economic theory in the structure and organization of society—, the aim of this research is to identify his intellectual influences. We show how they constitute the essence of his economic thought and ensure its uniqueness; but also, how a global and intellectual project built, from them which is essential to understand his economic theory and identify his contribution to economic theory
Zivoder, Alex. "Chômage d'inadéquation sur micro-marchés efficaces : étude de l'existence, de la stabilité et de la mesure du phénomène." Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE0057.
Full textThe main purpose of this dissertation is to study the mismatch between labour supply and demand, defined as a state where job vacancies coexist with unemployed persons at the global level of a labour market broken down in tiny micro-markets, each of them perfectly efficient in terms of its capacity to match labour supplies and demands. The first chapter analyses the conditions necessary to the existence of a "micro-mismatch" equilibrium. It introduces not only the way the fixed price equilibrium theory proposes to formalise trades in an economy made of micro-markets, on each of which a fixed and rigid wage prevails, but also the conditions for the existence of labour supply and demand curves as well as the limits of deriving beveridge curves based on a partial equilibrium approach and of constructing the space of goods using the nomenclature hypothesis. Following the analysis of the first chapter, the reader may be naturally tempted to believe that vacancy and unemployment coexist because of rigid wages and prices. However, a critical analysis establishes that unemployed persons and vacant jobs may coexist even if trades are all made at walrasian prices on every micro-market. The second chapter draws on the analysis developed by the non-tatonnement models to bring to light a number of factors each capable of generating persistent vacancies and unemployment. The third chapter introduces the indicators proposed by the fixed price equilibrium theory to measure the size of micro-mismatch. Some general results are established that do not rely on the concept of statistical distributions of demands and supplies and strengthen the key role played by the variance of desequilibria in measureing the phenomenon. One demonstrates the constancy of the variance along any beveridge curve, whatever the initial distribution of micro-supplies and micro-demands. Finally, this chapter proposes a line of research aiming at determining the number of labour micro-markets of an economy. The conclusion puts in perspective these results with the achievements of the english schools, in particular that of the nairu
Domoraud, Zayet Monique-Andrée. "Le chômage de longue durée en Côte d'Ivoire : analyse et politiques." Bordeaux 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR40027.
Full textGuedira, Mohammed. "De l'université à l'emploi : le chômage des diplômés en sciences économiques au Maroc." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29337.
Full textDollo, Christine. "Quels déterminants pour l'évolution des savoirs scolaires en SES ? : l'exemple du chômage." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX10113.
Full textThibault, Florence. "Que peut-on apprendre du concept de chômage d'équilibre issu des modèles wage setting-price setting." Paris 13, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA131002.
Full textDeveloped there is more than ten years, the Wage Setting - Price Setting models have contributed to the debate on the reasons of unemployment. This work proposes to draw up an assessment of the contributions and limits of the concept of equilibrium unemployment based on these models. After a presentation of the various concepts of equilibrium unemployment, we expose the three major contributions of this concept deduced from the relations Wage Setting and Price Setting. : it makes possible to exceed the shortcomings of the PHILLIPS Curve ; it contributes to create original indicators such as the replacement rate ; it is a reliable tool for analysing economic policy. However, as all the equilibrium concepts refering to medium term, it contains a great normative component. It is possible to chek this point when the period used to estimate the level of the equilibrium unemployment is longer. This problem can be extend in economics to all equilibrium concepts refering to the medium term
Françon, Baptiste. "Economie politique des réformes de l'indémnisation du chômage : le cas des lois Hartz (2003-2005)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010043.
Full textThis dissertation relates to the political economy literature that analyses the recent trend in unemployment compensation reforms in Europe. Organized around three essays, the dissertation deals in particular with the conditions of emergence of the Hartz Laws. These reforms, implemented from 2003 to 2005 in Germany, notably led to a significant decrease in benefits generosity. ln Chapter 1, an empirical analysis identifies the socio-economic determinants of individual support for the reforms. It tests in particular the assumption un der which such reforms are motivated by a conflict between insiders and outsiders. The results show that it is on contrary the occupation and not the job contract that structures the support for the reforms. Chapter Il provides a theoretical model where agents vote on both the overallievel of generosity of unemployment insu rance and the graduai decrease of benefits. The model predicts that the political determination of these parameters depends on the heterogeneity of unemployment risks within the population. These predictions are empirically validated on a panel of 24 countries. Chapter III discusses the impact of the Hartz laws on employment. comparison with France shows that these reforms had no significant effect on aggregate employment, while they fostered the use of part-time. A micro econometric evaluation of the impact of the cuts in compensation durations shows that they have not accelerated the retum to employment. They mainl reduced incentives to use unemployment insurance as an early retirement scheme
Denis, Pierrick. "Le chômage en Allemagne orientale." Pau, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PAUU2006.
Full textThe gdr (german democratic republic) disappeared as a state on october 3, 1990 by integration into the federal republic of germany. The unprecedented resources devoted to the restructuring and privatising of economic activities in the + new lander ;, as well as the reputation of eastern germany as the most industrially developed country within the communist block, should have prevented the collapse of the economy that was observed in all the former communist countries following the transition. Instead, we have witnessed a surge in unemployment, which remains at levels unseen in other transition countries. The present dissertation analyses the causes of this situation, as well as the possible cures. In the first part, we describe the forms and magnitude of unemployment in both parts of germany, as well as the impact of the privatisation policy and the consequences of the choice of a one-to-one conversion rate between the two german currencies at the time of unification. The second part is devoted to the policies devised for curbing unemployment. We show that unemployment in the + new lander ; has basically structural causes, related to the low productivity of labour in the east german industry, to the mistakes in the privatisation/restructuring policies, and compounded with a policy tending to equalise east and west german wages. Among the proposed cures, a great importance is attached to investment in human capital, and to appropriate training policies
Langot, François. "La dynamique de l'emploi et du chômage dans les modèles d'équilibre général." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010004.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to present and evaluate the labor market dynamic in a general equilibrium framework, solved under the rational expectation hypothesis. This allows us to explain the French employment and unemployment fluctuations. In the first part, the numerical approximation method and the implementation of the general method of moment are explain. We show the inability of the Walrasian lagor market hypothesis to explain the employment and productivity dynamics. The second part is devoted to the analysis of the matching models, which allows us to surbey the recent literature on the micro-economic foundation of the lagor market theory. A reduced form gives theoretical grounds to the statistical analysis of the beveridge curve. In the third part, we show that the introduction of a matching process in the lagor market enables us to reproduce the French unemployment persistence, and the short run dynamic of the employment, unemeployment and wages
Barillot-Cartier, Pascale. "Le reclassement professionnel suite aux plans sociaux : le cas de l’entreprise X." Paris 8, 2007. http://octaviana.fr/document/134096177#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textWith the rise of wage-earning, the French economy takes a new face, the incomes are distributed more largely but also unequally. To have a work means being integrated into a company however today one does not get into a company to make a single course there, the universalization of the economies imposes a flexibility on the companies and to the employees. The policies try to find solutions but the laws of competitiveness are such as the companies must follow the movement under penalty of not being profitable anymore. Human resources are managed like the material resources and the social fabric changes in-depth and durably. Far from decreasing, this phenomenon develops, costs of labour being less important in the emerging countries and the social and economic constraints weighing always more heavily on the labour law of industrialized countries. This labour law protects the employees from the possible abuses but by refining itself and organizing itself, it becomes a rigid yoke. This protection, lived perhaps as a necessary evil will extend to the new economies which will be then less attractive for the companies which delocalize in this moment
Natsheh, Basel. "Analyses économiques du marché du travail et politiques de l'emploi dans les territoires palestiniens." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX32027.
Full textThe Palestinian economy has been totally dominated by Israel since the occupation of the Palestinian territories 1967. This relation between the two economies translated in several forms, the trade, fiscal, custom, labour, and industry and showed a very high degree of interdependency. However, the Palestinian economy benefited such a growth from the integration between the two economies, even if this integration remains unclear, high degree of labour integration; low degree of trade integration; no policy tools available to correct imbalances. West Bank and Gaza experience of growth path passed by a certain convergence comparing with the Israeli economy, but in a certain point started to diverge, which make the case of the Palestinian economy more complex. Labour relations will continue to be important for both the Palestinian and the Israeli economies. However, they need to be based on economic priorities rather than on security as defined unilaterally by one side
Plasman, Robert. "Les politiques du marché du travail: analyse et comparaisons européennes :procédures d'évaluation (micro et macro-économiques) :évaluation des politiques de résorption du chômage et des politiques du temps de travail en Belgique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212651.
Full textBidaux, Jean-Marc. "Le répertoire opérationnel des métiers et des emplois (Rome) entre régulation et convention : une analyse critique d'un outil de la politique de l'emploi." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/jmbidaux.
Full textSince the beginning of the seventies, the Work Office of France used his Employment and Crafts Repertory (ROME) to classify supply and demand of Work and to bring supply nearer to demand. From the outset of the nineties, this Repertory undergoes a complete change. Because the Theory of Regulation better combines the works contracts, the State policy of employment and the historical view, this Theory seems to be the better theoretical framework to study this change. With the contribution of the Conventionalist Economy, this framework conducts to show one double movement between ancient Repertory and new Repertory : one side from skill to competence, other side frome group" logical to "aggregate" logical into the the list (nomenclature) ROME. So it seems to be one considerable change of the professional mobilities codification. It could be say, characterize, like crossing from a career codification to flexibility codification, with central influence of State
Chrétien, Frédéric. "Estimation du taux de chômage naturel régional : le cas des régions administratives du Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69819.
Full textRegional unemployment in the province of Quebec is characterized by a significant heterogeneity both in the levels across the regions and how they evolve. Between March 1997 and December 2018, for example, the mean unemployment rate was about 6.3% in Capitale-Nationale and of 10.0% in Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean; an important gap of almost four percentage points. Because those disparities are inefficient (Taylor, 1996) and because they exacerbate income inequalities (Macphail, 2000), understanding their determinants is essential. Previous works on the determinants of unemployment point to the influence of fiscal legislation and labourmarket institutions to explain unemployment rates disparities amongst the countries. Therefore, those factors being homogeneous for regions in the same province, they cannot explain this diversity between Quebec’s administrative regions. Based on Friedman’s (1968) definition of structural unemployment, we develop a model that divides the observed regional unemployment rates in a natural (or structural) and a cyclical component which allows for the integration of new determinants like regional productivity and industrial composition. Using panel data on Quebec’s administrative regions from March 1997 to December 2018, we run a fixed effects ordinary least square (OLS) estimation with an SCC error term robust to correlation and cross-correlation plus a fixed effects general least square (GLS) estimation integrating an AR(1) correlated error term. Results show that regions’ productivity and industrial composition both have a significant effect on regional unemployment. Finally, we use our results to calculate the natural unemployment rate and its evolution for each region andbriefly discuss its evaluation.
Rozario, Pascale de. "Le mandat d'intégrer les jeunes en Europe : confrontation de cultures : le FSE en Finlande, en Italie et France." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006IEPP0016.
Full textWhatever the systems be, 14 millions of young people would leave the initial training systems with no perspectives in terms of employment or study. In the 1990's, European Commission made this severe report while both endorsing a traditional welfare state mandate and convening national experts in order to identify the best integration practices. From 1994 to 1999, the European Social Fund policy challenged the member states on the ways they deal with a fundamental dilemma of social organization : how integrating young generations managing at the same time the structural tension that exists between social order and personal freedom ? Analyzing the social uses of this policy implies to deal with several theorical and opertional questions described through four levels of reception. Did national institutions used these funds to reform, to reinforce or to delegate this public mandate ? What kind of expert ressources the actors to whose this mandate to integrate young people is delegated did used during this programming ? What evaluation criteria have been selected ? Can we identify different cultures of this mandate for integration which characterize specific ways of treating the adressed dilemma ? Results show that these cultures are working with different major reasons that influence all the imagined solutions. To integrate someones goes through a professionnal project in France ; the participation to a social network in Italy and the restoration of a positive relationship to oneself and the society in Finland. These cultural comparisons will approach comparative methods in the light of better linking macro phenomenons (policy, institutions) to micro ones (experts, territories)
Dmitrijeva, Jekaterina. "Unemployment and labour market policy in Central and Eastern Europe." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EVRY0002/document.
Full textDuring the transition to market economy and the accession to the EU Central and Eastern European countries have witnessed remarkable changes in the structure and functioning of national economies. This thesis aims to assess the development of aggregate and regional labour markets in new EU member states through this eventful period and to investigate the role of active labour market policy in moderating the consequences of transitional shock and improving the performance of the labour market. The analysis of the process of worker-firm matching in Latvia, Slovenia and Estonia reveals that in transition - EU accession context the hiring process is labour demand driven and displays the existence of stock-flow patterns and spatial spillovers. The effects of ALMP programs are confirmed to be positive at both macroeconomic and individual levels: involvement of unemployed in training increases aggregate outflows from unemployment to jobs and increases individual employability of participants
Faniel, Jean. "Les syndicats, le chômage et les chômeurs: raisons et évolution d'une relation complexe." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210879.
Full textLes développements théoriques se penchent sur le mode de fonctionnement et sur les déterminants de l’action des organisations syndicales, sur les causes du chômage et ses conséquences pour les travailleurs salariés et leurs organisations, ainsi que sur les obstacles et les incitants à l’action collective contestataire des sans-emploi.
Ces outils d’analyse sont ensuite utilisés pour examiner, depuis l’origine des organisations syndicales contemporaines et de l’indemnisation du chômage, au XIXe siècle, jusqu’à la réforme du mode de contrôle des chômeurs en 2004, les fondements et l’évolution de la relation que les syndicats belges entretiennent avec les questions de l’emploi et du chômage d’une part, avec les chômeurs d’autre part.
In Belgium, 85% of the unemployed are unionised. This peculiar situation is mainly related to the specific position of the trade unions, as the jobless can choose to receive their benefits through the intervention of one of the three national unions. The Ph.D. dissertation aims at examining the origins of that specific relationship and its implications on both the trade unions and the unemployed.
The theoretical part explores the features of union action and functioning, the causes of unemployment and its consequences for the workers and their organisations, as well as the impediments and impetus to the contentious mobilisation of the unemployed.
Based on that theoretical framework, the Ph.D. dissertation then examines the origins and the evolution from the 19th century till 2004 of the union positions on the issues of employment and unemployment on the one hand, and their links with the jobless on the other.
Doctorat en sciences politiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Rubin, Goulven. "La contribution de Don Patinkin à la "synthèse néoclassique" : genèse et portée." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100186.
Full textThe subject of this essay is the interpretation of the Keynesian theory developed by Don Patinkin and presented in its most elaborated form in chapters 13 and 14 of Money, Interest and Prices (1956). Our study reveals the logic guiding the development of his thought. We analyze his first manuscripts, his doctoral thesis and his correspondence and we relate the ideas lie adopts to the ones of economists he interacted with like Klein, Lange and Modigliani. Firstly, we explain why Patinkin considers the Keynesian theory as a disequilibrium theory, secondly, why lie asserts that this theory must incorporate the real balance effect. Eventually, we analyze the limits and, above all, the significance of his attempt at introducing Keynesian results in such a framework. That way we demonstrate that Patinkin's contribution marks the climax of the neoclassical synthesis. Actually, he shows all that can possibly be done when one tries to work out a Keynesian theory with one equilibrium concept only, that is to say the walrasian general equilibrium
Rajoanarison, Dominique. "Déséquilibre sur le marché du travail : une étude économétrique au niveau régional." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOE007.
Full textVicard, Augustin. "Six essais en économie appliquée : insertion professionnelle des jeunes : utilisation variables subjectives en économie de la santé." Paris, EHESS, 2015. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01249815.
Full textThis thesis is composed of six essays on youth and the labor market on the one hand, and on the use of subjective variables in health economics on the other hand. In most developed countries, young people often face great and increasing difficulties when entering the labor market, especially since the Great Recession. The first two chapters analyse French programs aimed at helping youth facing these difficulties. We evaluate the impact of extending the minimum income to young people (Chapter 1) and of strengthening the main training program for youth (Chapter 2). The third and fourth chapters focus on the unemployment level when young people enter the labor market, analyzing its impact on their educational attainment (Chapter 3), and on their wage and employment prospects throughout their career (Chapter 4) Moreover, the increasing use of subjective variables by economists raises the question of their reliability and robustness. In the last two chapters, we explore how the formulation of subjective questions shape the collected answers, for two variables often used in health economics : foregone health care due to cost (Chapter 5) and subjective health (Chapter 6). Using the split sample method, we compare the responses of several random samples of respondents, which answer to different formulations of the same question
L'Haridon, Olivier. "Politiques de l'emploi et complementarites." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DENS0038.
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