Academic literature on the topic 'Chopin Year 2010'
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Journal articles on the topic "Chopin Year 2010"
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Ostrowska-Tryzno, Anna, and Anna Pawlikowska-Piechotka. "The Fryderyk Chopin heritage legacy in the perspective of the local community and tourists." Mazowsze Studia Regionalne 2020, no. 33 (2020): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21858/msr.33.04.
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Although cultural tourism has been known since the very beginning of the European civilisation (the Ancient Greeks and Romans peregrines’), nowadays cultural events are a great attraction not only for a local community, but they are also a strong motivation for tourists to travel. It seems that one of the special research value is to consider how deeply cultural events, connected with ‘high art’ (museums, classical music, art events of superior quality), motivate a local community and tourists. Therefore, the main aim of our survey was to recognize the role and contribution of top cultural events (on the example of ‘the Chopin Year 2010’) in marketing a city’s image and to evaluate its significance as a tourist attraction and its meaning to the local community. To examine the cultural tourism from visitors and the local community perspective and to obtain primary data, we undertook the explanatory and evaluative research. We also used (as secondary data) an academic literature review results, statistic information and materials obtained from the Chopin Museum in Warsaw, the Fryderyk Chopin Association and the Fryderyk Chopin Institute. This paper describes the main outcomes of the survey conducted in 2011–2015. In the past, cultural activities were rarely regarded as part of the tourism industry in Warsaw. The International Fryderyk Chopin Festivals and the International Fryderyk Chopin Piano Competitions were considered as different. From the beginning, they were aimed to be widely recognised international events, rather than attractions organised to meet the needs of the residents and domestic tourists. However, ‘the Chopin Year 2010’ celebrations remained highly exceptional as many different events took place, including ‘street music.’ They were aimed broader than to satisfy only a rather narrow niche of professional musicians. In 2010 both the International Fryderyk Chopin Festival and the 16th International Fryderyk Chopin Piano Competition were events not only shaped for special groups of music lovers, but also for the local community who was able to actively participate in these two big festivals.
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Maresch, Walter V., Thomas Armbruster, and Hans-Peter Schertl. "A special issue devoted to Christian Chopin, in recognition of 30 years of dedicated service to the European Journal of Mineralogy." European Journal of Mineralogy 31, no. 4 (2019): 661–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2019/0031-2886.
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Helman-Bednarczyk, Zofia. "The New Edition of Chopin’s Correspondence." Musicology Today 13, no. 1 (2016): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/muso-2016-0009.
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Abstract Some of Fryderyk Chopin’s letters were published individually or in groups already in the 2nd half of the 19th century. With the passage of time, more letters from and to Chopin were printed in monographs dedicated to his life and work. The first editions of Chopin’s collected letters come from the 1st half of the 20th century (by Scharlitt and von Guttry in Germany, Henryk Opieński – in Poland). B.E. Sydow’s Fryderyk Chopin’s Correspondence of 1955 continues to be used as the basic source edition by Chopin biographers. It has many strong points, but has become largely outdated. The research project dedicated to the new source edition of Chopin’s correspondence is implemented at the Institute of Musicology, University of Warsaw by Zofia Helman, Zbigniew Skowron and Hanna Wróblewska-Straus. It aims to edit and publish all the preserved letters written to and from Chopin. As a result of many historical cataclysms in the 19th and 20th centuries, some of Chopin’s letters have been lost or dispersed. Our edition consists of 3 volumes (Vol. I – Warszawa 2009, Vol. II – in print, Vol. III – in preparation). All the letters have been edited from sources: the preserved autographs by Chopin and other persons, autograph reproductions in various publications (if the original is now lost or inaccessible), and if reproductions are also unavailable – on the basis of a selected edition (not necessarily the first). Our edition is also the first to include summaries of lost letters to Chopin (based on Karłowicz’s publication of 1904). In comparison with earlier editions, the number of published letters has increased, and we added descriptions of the autograph sources that we used as the basis for our edition. Earlier dating of letters which contain no date in the manuscript has been verified, and some dates – changed or established for the first time. Commentaries and notes accompanying the letters are significantly more extensive in this edition than in any previous one, and they include: remarks on text edition, biographical notes for persons mentioned in the letters, explanations concerning places, identification of musical and literary works, theatrical plays and other works of art referred to in the letters; historical commentary on the events described; information concerning cultural life (concerts, opera and theatre performances). We have frequently had to confront confabulated material repeated for many years in musicological studies and deeply rooted in collective awareness. We have also corrected numerous misspelt surnames and thus pointed to the true identity of many hitherto unidentified figures. Our research on the letters has made it possible to establish or confirm some facts from Chopin’s life, such as new details of his stays in Munich and Stuttgart on the way to Paris in 1831, the exact date of his arrival in Paris (5th October 1831), details of Chopin and Hiller’s trip to Aachen to the music festival of the Lower Rhine, to Düsseldorf (in May 1834), as well as the definite date of the Polish concert in the Parisian Théâtre-Italien (4th April 1835).
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Aty, Yoany Maria V. B., and Magdalena Kewa Deran. "Literatur Review : Edukasi Penanganan Tersedak pada Anak." Bima Nursing Journal 2, no. 2 (2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32807/bnj.v2i2.658.
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Choking often occurs in people's lives. To be able to overcome this condition, a person's skills are needed to quickly and accurately provide help, in order to save victims from serious conditions, namely disability or even death. This study aims to collect and analyze the effect of education on the level of knowledge and ability of first aid in children who are choking. This research is a literature study by conducting a review of previous research using some relevant literature. Search for articles using search engines including Google and data bases such as Google Scholar, Research Gate, and PUBMED, with a limitation on the year of publication of articles for the last 10 years, starting from 2011-2020. Articles used in Indonesian and English are downloaded in full text in PDF format and are free articles. Based on the results of the analysis of relevant journals, it was found that education had an effect on the level of first aid ability for children who experienced choking. Simulation/demonstration is an effective method to educate family/community in providing first aid (airway management) for airway obstruction due to choking.
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Neofotistos, Athena, Nancy Cowles, and Ragini Sharma. "Choking Hazards: Are Current Product Testing Methods for Small Parts Adequate?" International Journal of Pediatrics 2017 (2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4705618.
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Choking on small parts remains one of the leading causes of death and injury in infants and toddlers. The current method of testing for small parts, created by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), has become outdated and has yet to be changed despite the many deaths and injuries of children. The method uses a device called the small parts test fixture (SPTF) that is supposed to mimic the size of a fully expanded throat of a toddler. If a product does not fit inside the cavity of the SPTF, then it is deemed safe to play with because it “will not fit” in the esophagus of a child. The present study obtains a dataset of products recalled by the CPSC within the last twelve years due to choking hazards/incidents and discovers that a noteworthy amount of the children’s products have parts that are larger than the fixture size and are still capable of causing choking. This study indicates that a larger SPTF size must be implemented by the CPSC in order to prevent future choking incidents on small parts.
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Tóth, Árpád, Péter Sipos, and Győri Zoltán. "Effects of Cropping Year and Artificial Fertilization on Alveographic Quality of GK Öthalom Winter Wheat Variety." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 16 (December 6, 2005): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/16/3300.
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Qualification of winter wheat became more complex for Hungary, after the expansion of the EU. Use of Chopin alveograph is a general method in Western- and Southern Europe. This method is not traditional in Hungary, so determination of alveographic properties of Hungarian winter wheat varieties is very important. Artificial fertilization is one very important component of applied agricultural engineering, which effects winter wheat quality. The another factor is the weather or rather the cropping year, which effects winter wheat quality too. We examined both of them and the alveographic quality of GK Öthalom winter wheat variety between 1996 and 2003.We found that cropping year has significant effect on the alveographic quality of GK Öthalom winter wheat variety on each treatment of artificial fertilization. We found no connection between quantities of precipitations of vegetation periods and the W values of GK Öthalom.We found a strong connection in 1999 and 2003 as well as a very strong connection in 1996, 1997 and 2002, between the increase of fertilizer dose and W values of GK Öthalom. Treatments of artificial fertilization had a significant effect to W values of GK Öthalom in 2001 and 2002. The differences between the two methods are because of large standard deviation of the results.
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Mendonça, Pedro, Anna Viola Taulaigo, Antonio Caetano, and Maria Francisca Moraes-Fontes. "Mandibular resorption and vocal cord paralysis: a catastrophic form of systemic sclerosis." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 2 (2019): bcr—2018–228262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-228262.
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Sudden respiratory distress in association with severe weight loss are unusual features of systemic sclerosis (SSc). We report the case of a 56-year-old Caucasian woman with a 9-year history of a diffuse form of SSc who presented with acute stridor due to vocal cord paralysis and required an emergency tracheostomy. She had sought medical attention only after 4 years of disease onset, presenting with a mask-like face, diffuse skin thickening, acro-osteolysis and severe interstitial lung disease. Even though skin tightness improved after immunosuppressive treatment, several spontaneous facial fractures and episodes of dysphagia and choking occurred in the years that followed. At the time of stridor, she was severely malnourished and a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was required for feeding. Permanent vocal cord damage in combination with severe loco-regional bone resorption resulted in severe disability and impaired nutrition. We hereby highlight the features of SSc for which therapy remains challenging.
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Sharif, Abubakar, Lucinda Carr, Efstratios Saliakellis, and Himadri Chakraborty. "Paroxysmal head drops with ataxia-like symptoms presenting as Sandifer syndrome in a 3-year old girl." BMJ Case Reports 13, no. 3 (2020): e230989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-230989.
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We present a case of Sandifer syndrome in a 3-year-old girl who initially presented with a history of recurrent paroxysmal head drops associated with ataxia-like symptoms and recurrent falls sustaining a clavicular fracture on one occasion. She was referred to and seen by the paediatric neurologist. Physical examination, electroencephalogram, MRI brain, electromyograph single fibre study and blood tests were all normal. With the history of hiccups and choking-like episodes she was referred to the speech and language therapist (SALT). SALT assessment did not reveal indications of swallowing impairment or possible aspiration. A barium swallow later showed small amount of reflux into the distal oesophagus. This prompted a trial of lansoprazole and she was referral to the gastroenterologists. Endoscopy and oesophageal manometry were essentially normal. However, the pH impedance study revealed severe gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. She continued with lansoprazole and dairy-free diet and her symptoms resolved.
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Swibel Rosenthal, Laura H., Virginia Smith-Bronstein, Santino Cervantes, and James W. Schroeder. "A Chronic Glottic Foreign Body Diagnosed by Radiograph after 9 Months of Symptoms." Case Reports in Pediatrics 2018 (2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4718428.
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A six-year-old girl presented to an emergency room after describing choking on a rubber band. She was in no distress and was discharged. Over the course of the next 9 months, she had numerous outpatient and emergency room visits due to intermittent stridor, difficulty breathing, and hoarseness. Eventually, dedicated airway films revealed a laryngeal foreign body. During rigid bronchoscopy, a two-centimeter rubber band was discovered in the larynx. It extended from the supraglottis, through the glottis, and into the subglottis. It was successfully removed. The patient was asymptomatic 24 hours later. This case highlights the appropriate evaluation and management of a child with stridor.
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Wey, Shiuan-Li, and Kuo-Ming Chang. "Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis: Lung Carcinoma Metastasizing to Thyroid Neoplasms." Case Reports in Pathology 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/153932.
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Tumor-to-tumor metastasis is extremely rare in the thyroid glands, and only seven cases of lung carcinoma metastasizing to thyroid tumors have been reported in the literature. We report another two cases of lung carcinoma metastasizing to thyroid neoplasms and review of the literature. The first case was a 64-year-old man presenting with neck mass, hoarseness, and easy choking for 2 months. Image studies showed several nodular lesions within bilateral thyroid glands. A histological examination after radical thyroidectomy revealed lung small cell carcinoma metastasizing to a thyroid follicular adenoma. The second case was a 71-year-old woman with a history of lung adenosquamous carcinoma. The PET/CT scan showed left lower lung cancer and a hypermetabolic area in the right thyroid lobe, highly suspicious for malignancy. Radical thyroidectomy and left lung lobectomy were performed, and the thyroid gland revealed lung adenosquamous carcinoma metastasizing to a papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Books on the topic "Chopin Year 2010"
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Kumar, Surinder, Prashant Kumar Trivedi, and Shilp Sikha Singh. Research Output. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199474417.003.0006.
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This chapter maps the present status of social science research (SSR) output under various disciplines and their respective subcategories. For this, the study explores social science journal articles and books to understand thematic focus of research in India. All articles published during the period of eleven years, 2005–15, and all books published over five years, 2010–14, were chosen for analyses. All together a total of 7235 books and 22309 articles published in 1113 journals were included for analysis. It was observed that the major share of research output comes from the discipline of economics, followed by sociology and political science.
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Miller, Leta E. Triumphs and Tribulations. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038532.003.0006.
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This chapter focuses on Kernis's music in the years 1995–2001. In 1995, the American Academy of Arts and Letters honored Kernis with a $7,500 prize to facilitate a recording. During the following five years, Kernis would continue down the “road of excess,” churning out new works at a prodigious rate. In the summer of 1995, Kernis appeared for the first time as one of the featured composers at the Cabrillo Music Festival in Santa Cruz, California—a two-week contemporary music extravaganza held annually since 1963. Commissions also added to Kernis's increasing renown—he received one in August 1995 from the St. Paul Chamber Orchestra for an arrangement of piano music, another in September from the Birmingham Bach Choir for a short choral work, and a third in October from the Chicago Symphony for a choral symphony. Meanwhile, Kernis was frantically working on the Double Concerto for Violin and Guitar, which continued to give him trouble.
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Tounsel, Christopher. Chosen Peoples. Duke University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478013105.
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On July 9, 2011, South Sudan celebrated its independence as the world's newest nation, an occasion that the country's Christian leaders claimed had been foretold in the Book of Isaiah. The Bible provided a foundation through which the South Sudanese could distinguish themselves from the Arab and Muslim Sudanese to the north and understand themselves as a spiritual community now freed from their oppressors. Less than three years later, however, new conflicts emerged along ethnic lines within South Sudan, belying the liberation theology that had supposedly reached its climactic conclusion with independence. In Chosen Peoples, Christopher Tounsel investigates the centrality of Christian worldviews to the ideological construction of South Sudan and the inability of shared religion to prevent conflict. Exploring the creation of a colonial-era mission school to halt Islam's spread up the Nile, the centrality of biblical language in South Sudanese propaganda during the Second Civil War (1983--2005), and postindependence transformations of religious thought in the face of ethnic warfare, Tounsel highlights the potential and limitations of deploying race and Christian theology to unify South Sudan.
Book chapters on the topic "Chopin Year 2010"
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Ibrahim, Mohamed Ismail, Ali Al-Dousari, and Abeer Hassan Al-Saleh. "Pollen in Dust." In Atlas of Fallen Dust in Kuwait. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66977-5_7.
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Abstract Twenty-eight pairs of pollen and aeolian dust traps covering the State of Kuwait were used to obtain seasonal pollen counts of the most eight dominant families during 2009–2011 i.e. Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae (Gramineae), Cyperaceae, Leguminosae (Fabaceae), Cyperaceae, Brassicaceae, Malvaceae, Compositae, and Plantaginaceae. The sampling site locations were chosen to cover all the geomorphological sectors and native vegetation areas in Kuwait. Generally, pollen counts show us a remarkable distinction between the year 2009–2010 and 2010–2011, It is also evident that pollen counts (concentration) vary from season to season. Pollen counts over four seasons for two years (October 2009–August 2011) reveal the presence of two peaks in spring (April–May) and autumn (October–November). Map distribution of pollens in each of the dominant plant families in Kuwait is generated according to seasons showing higher and lower concentrations of dust pollen counts.
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Murdoch, Callum, Lisa Keppler, Tillem Burlace, and Christine Wörlen. "Using a Realist Framework to Overcome Evaluation Challenges in the Uncertain Landscape of Carbon Finance." In Transformational Change for People and the Planet. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78853-7_9.
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AbstractIn 2013, the United Kingdom Department for International Development and the Department of Business, Energy, and Industrial Strategy published a business case for the Carbon Market Finance Programme (CMFP). The core mandate: to build capacity and develop aids for least developed countries in sub-Saharan Africa to access finance via the carbon market. The chosen strategy involved signing emission reduction purchase agreements with private sector enterprises, using the United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change’s Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to verify generation of tradeable certified emissions reductions. The World Bank’s Carbon Initiative for Development (Ci-Dev) would implement the 12-year program. The team for the 2019 midterm evaluation found that program uncertainty—from sociopolitical challenges in pilot markets to global indecision on the future of Article 6 and carbon markets—would complicate assessing progress toward business case objectives. The collapse and failed recovery of the carbon market impacted underlying assumptions of the CMFP’s theory of change, and uncertainty about CDM’s future complicated evaluation of program sustainability. This chapter presents a practical approach to using realist evaluation to overcome the contextual uncertainties of the carbon market landscape, providing strengths and weaknesses of the approach applied and recommending a revised approach for future evaluations.
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Nowakowska, Marta, Kornel Kańtoch, João Reis, and Aneta Kazanecka. "Chosen Aspects of Cultural Awareness Training in the Military. Case Study of Polish Troops’ Training in the years 2003–2020." In Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4884-7_27.
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Han, Zhen, Wei Yan, and Gang Liu. "A Performance-Based Urban Block Generative Design Using Deep Reinforcement Learning and Computer Vision." In Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_13.
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AbstractIn recent years, generative design methods are widely used to guide urban or architectural design. Some performance-based generative design methods also combine simulation and optimization algorithms to obtain optimal solutions. In this paper, a performance-based automatic generative design method was proposed to incorporate deep reinforcement learning (DRL) and computer vision for urban planning through a case study to generate an urban block based on its direct sunlight hours, solar heat gains as well as the aesthetics of the layout. The method was tested on the redesign of an old industrial district located in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. A DRL agent - deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) agent - was trained to guide the generation of the schemes. The agent arranges one building in the site at one time in a training episode according to the observation. Rhino/Grasshopper and a computer vision algorithm, Hough Transform, were used to evaluate the performance and aesthetics, respectively. After about 150 h of training, the proposed method generated 2179 satisfactory design solutions. Episode 1936 which had the highest reward has been chosen as the final solution after manual adjustment. The test results have proven that the method is a potentially effective way for assisting urban design.
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Klein, Raphael, and Matthias Finger. "The Long-Term Impact of the Electorate on the Swiss Electricity Market Transition." In Swiss Energy Governance. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80787-0_7.
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AbstractThe Swiss government, through its Energy Strategy 2050, is engaged on a path to transition Switzerland to become a carbon-neutral country by the year 2050. In this chapter, we look at the impact that the electorate can have on this transition and on the Swiss electricity market. This is done using hybrid agent-based modelling. We model the Swiss electricity market and we add to this a model of the policy-making process. This allows us to study which policy instruments are more likely to be implemented depending on the Swiss electricity market progression and on the policy actors’ interests. The results have shown that the electorate has a limited impact on the policy chosen and on the electricity market. Overall, an environmentally conscious electorate leads policy actors to select the carbon tax as a policy more often. This, however, has the adverse effect to increase the electricity price and increase import dependency in winter. In high demand growth scenarios, the carbon tax policy is not sufficient to stem the construction of gas turbine power plants. We also show that because the electricity model does not consider an extended demand response option or technology advancement, the knowledge gained from this model is limited. This drives the behaviour of the model into scenarios which are unlikely to happen, such as a large increase of the gas turbine power plants. Overall, we conclude that, in their current form, even with an environmentally conscious electorate, the electricity market conditions do not allow Switzerland to reach its emissions targets.
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Iyiola-Tunji, Adetunji Oroye, James Ijampy Adamu, Paul Apagu John, and Idris Muniru. "Dual Pathway Model of Responses Between Climate Change and Livestock Production." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_230.
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AbstractThis chapter was aimed at evaluating the responses of livestock to fluctuations in climate and the debilitating effect of livestock production on the environment. Survey of livestock stakeholders (farmers, researchers, marketers, and traders) was carried out in Sahel, Sudan, Northern Guinea Savannah, Southern Guinea Savannah, and Derived Savannah zones of Nigeria. In total, 362 respondents were interviewed between April and June 2020. The distribution of the respondents was 22 in Sahel, 57 in Sudan, 61 in Northern Guinea Savannah, 80 in Southern Guinea Savannah, and 106 in Derived Savannah. The respondents were purposively interviewed based on their engagement in livestock production, research or trading activities. Thirty-eight years’ climate data from 1982 to 2019 were obtained from Nigerian Metrological Agency, Abuja. Ilela, Kiyawa, and Sabon Gari were chosen to represent Sahel, Sudan, and Northern Guinea Savannah zone of Nigeria, respectively. The data contained precipitation, relative humidity, and minimum and maximum temperature. The temperature humidity index (THI) was calculated using the formula: THI = 0.8*T + RH*(T-14.4) + 46.4, where T = ambient or dry-bulb temperature in °C and RH=relative humidity expressed as a proportion. Three Machine Learning model were built to predict the monthly minimum temperature, maximum temperature, and relative humidity respectively based on information from the previous 11 months. The methodology adopted is to treat each prediction task as a supervised learning problem. This involves transforming the time series data into a feature-target dataset using autoregressive (AR) technique. The major component of the activities of livestock that was known to cause injury to the environment as depicted in this chapter was the production of greenhouse gases. From the respondents in this chapter, some adaptive measures were stated as having controlling and mitigating effect at reducing the effect of activities of livestock on the climate and the environment. The environment and climate on the other side of the dual pathway is also known to induce stress on livestock. The concept of crop-livestock integration system is advocated in this chapter as beneficial to livestock and environment in the short and long run. Based on the predictive model developed for temperature and relative humidity in a sample location (Ilela) using Machine Learning in this chapter, there is need for development of a web or standalone application that will be useable by Nigerian farmers, meteorological agencies, and extension organizations as climate fluctuation early warning system. Development of this predictive model needs to be expanded and made functional.
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Ayele Haile, Abebe. "Important Medicinal Plants in Ethiopia: A Review in Years 2015–2020." In Herbs and Spices - New Processing Technologies [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97937.
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Many studies on medicinal plants have been taking place in different parts of Ethiopia and the people use them for the preparation of traditional herbal medicine. The purpose of the current study is to review the assessment of the medicinal plants used in Ethiopia, to compile the components used, the method of preparation, the medical uses, and the compilation of the number of medicinal plants in 2015–2020. This review paper took place in the years 2015 to 2020 from the published papers. Various databases, such as Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar, have been searched. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentages, charts, and numbers using the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet 2010. In Ethiopia, a total of 4,007 medicinal plants were identified from different areas by different authors in the years 2015–2020. But, from this total number of identified medicinal plants, there was a similarity between types of plant species. Therefore, this total result has present similarities in plant species and types found in different areas. In 2015, a total of 1,062 medicinal plants were identified from different areas by different authors. Similarly, 315, 613, 944, 341, 732 medicinal plants were identified by different authors in different study areas in the years 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020 respectively. The years 2015 and 2018 were the years many plants of medicinal value were documented. The growth forms of medicinal plants were analyzed from 2015 to 2020 in the different study areas with different authors but with the same year and valued for each year and put the average one. To calculate the 2015 growth form of medicinal plants for example to calculate herbs, add all herbs identified by different authors in the same year, and take the average one. This method applied to all growth forms of medicinal plants each year. In all years (2015–2020) the dominant growth forms were herbs. The highest average of growth form was herb in the year 2020 which is 44.2%. In all years the least growth form was a climber. In all growth forms, the parts used for medicine were identified. Add each medicinal plant’s parts in the same year and then take the average for all years. In 2020 year, the traditional healers mostly used leaves (56.3%) for the preparation of remedy. In general, in all year leaves was dominant for the preparation of remedy. Oral and dermal ways of the route of administration were the most important in medicinal plants to treat directly different ailments. The route of administration was varying in percentage from year to year and also, a place to place according to the potential of traditional healers and type of diseases. But, different study areas and years showed that oral administration was the dominant one. In 2019, most of the prepared remedy was taken orally. Crushing was the most important and more cited in the preparation of remedy in the year 2015–2020. Also, powdering, boiling, chewing, concoction, grinding, direct and immediate, chopping, squeezing, decoction, boiling/unprocessed use, liquid form, Homogenizing in water, heating, cooking, smoking, and fumigation are common methods of preparation of remedy. In general, this review highlights the situation of Ethiopian traditional medicinal plants associated with their knowledge from years to years. In addition, this review paper plays an important role in the extraction of potential medicinal plants to discover new drugs through detailed researches in the future.
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Ben Salem, Abdelkrim, Ahmed Karmaoui, Souad Ben Salem, and Ali Ait Boughrous. "Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and Its Relationship With Climate Change in Southeastern Morocco." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2197-7.ch007.
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The current chapter deals with one of the most neglected tropical diseases in Morocco, the cutaneous leishmaniasis. It is based on 10-year research (2010-2017) on the evolution of leishmaniasis taking climate change into account. Epidemiological and climatological data were collected from different administrations. The Geographic Information System (GIS) is chosen for interpolation, space-time analysis of climate data and map creation. The SPSS software was used for statistical analysis and to establish the relationship between Leishmaniasis and climatic conditions. Results show that the maximum number of cases is recorded in 2010 with 4,407 people affected while the low number is recorded in 2014 with 18 cases. Results also show a clear link between climatic factors and the incidence of the disease. The distribution of the disease in the province is influenced by maximum temperature, aridity, and vegetation cover. Additionally, anthropogenic factors play a significant role in explaining the emergence or re-emergence of leishmaniasis in the region.
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Gorchakova, Valentina, and Ekaterina Berdysheva. "Agility in the Events Sector A Case Study of a Business Event in Finland (Valentina Gorchakova and Ekaterina Berdysheva)." In Crisis Management and Recovery for Events: Impacts and Strategies. Goodfellow Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/9781911635901-4812.
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The events industry was estimated at $1,100 billion in 2018 and was expected to grow to reach $2,330 billion by 2026 (Allied Market Research, n.d.). Year 2020, however, turned out to be perhaps the most transformative year in the industry in the last decades. Numerous events, from smaller family occasions, like weddings, to major events of the likes of the Wimbledon tennis tournament, the UEFA EURO 2020, Glastonbury Festival and the Cannes Film festival, had to be cancelled due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The combined economic impact is not yet known but will be a loss in the hundreds of billions of US dollars (Gössling, Scott, & Hall, 2021). This shows the vulnerability of the events industry to major crises. Despite the negative impacts of crises on events, there is a paucity of research that explores organizational responses under unusual, unprecedented or critical circumstances in the events sector. This chapter applies the concept of agility in event organization within volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous, so-called VUCA, environment (Bennett & Lemoine, 2014) that dominated year 2020 due to the unfolding pandemic. The agile approach is often seen as a stream of new ideas leading to elegantly simple solutions. It requires a high energy level of the team involved due to the tight constraints and deadlines. The authors introduce a case study of a business festival organized in Turku (Finland) and discuss the decision-making process, stakeholder involvement, introduction of a new modus operandi, and the new event format that was chosen.
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Počuča, Milan, and Jelena Matijašević. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURIST POTENTIAL IN SERBIA IN THE LIGHT OF TOURIST FREQUENCY AND ACCOMMODATION CAPACITIES." In 5th International Thematic Monograph: Modern Management Tools and Economy of Tourism Sector in Present Era. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans; Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality, Ohrid, North Macedonia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/tmt.2020.301.
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In the last several decades, tourism registers continuous growth on the global level. The subject of analysis of this paper is the ratio of the number of arrivals and overnight stays of tourists in general, as well as the number of arrivals and overnight stays of tourists by regions for the chosen three-year period 2017-2019. Also, this paper establishes and analyses both the total and quantitative indicators of the accommodation capacities by regions, also for the chosen reference three-year period. The last analysis refers to the survey of accommodation capacities by types of tourist resorts and facilities in the year 2019. This paper is methodologically based on the theoretical analysis of the relevant contemporary standpoints in theory, normative analysis of legislative sources and quantitative analysis of statistical indicators in the field of the subject of research. The research is based on official statistical data of the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. The goal of the presented analyses and conclusions regarding the obtained results, and in the light of the frequency of tourist and accommodation capacities, is the emphasis on the importance of the tourist turnover at a certain tourist destination, which is one of the basic components of the development of the tourist potential.
Conference papers on the topic "Chopin Year 2010"
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Yapraklı, Sevda, Mehmet Sinan Temurlenk, Adem Türkmen, and Aslı Cansın Doker. "The Effects Service Trade on Transition Economies: 2000-2010." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00972.
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While emerging information technologies have been infusing to the production of manufactured goods at higher rate for widespread use of services, with this case, the services sector in terms of production and consumption eliminates the need to have done. Moreover, many service branches have been subject to international trade and more with each year, the share of service trade is increasing in international trade. International service trade with helping to close the technological development gap between developing and developed countries has significant role on economic growth, realization for process of economic development in structural imbalances and accordingly the macroeconomic policy response. International service trade of the country's economic transformation in the process, it is purposed that production function method based on the model is used in the context of traditional and modern service trade on economic growth, to examine the effects and the impacts on direction of the transition economies between 2000 and 2010. For 15 transition economies having satisfied data; the effects of modern and traditional trade in service on growth rate is examined with using panel data analysis. The model shows that accumulation of capital per capita and for representing human capital chosen the received tertiary education enrolment rate, traditional and modern trade in service has significant effect on growth. On the other hand, openness has no significant effect on growth for chosen country group and identified time period. It can be said that policies aimed physical and human capital stock can create significant effect on growth.
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Marziali, Megan, Seth Prins, and Silvia Martins. "Partner Incarceration and Maternal Substance Use: Investigating the Mediating Effects of Social Support and Neighborhood Cohesion." In 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.41.
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Introduction: The United States is responsible for the highest rate of incarceration globally. The impacts of incarceration extend beyond those incarcerated and can result in adverse outcomes for chosen romantic or life partners and the family unit. This study aimed to explore the impact of partner incarceration on maternal substance use and whether the relationship between partner incarceration and maternal substance use is mediated by financial support, emergency social support, or neighborhood cohesion. Methods: Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a longitudinal cohort following new parents and children, this analysis quantifies the relationship between paternal incarceration and maternal substance use (N=2246). Responses from mothers at years 3 (2001-2003), 5 (2003-2006), 9 (2007-2010), and 15 (2014-2017) were assessed, restricted to mothers who responded across waves. The exposure, partner incarceration, was operationalized as mothers reporting their current partner or child’s father to be ever incarcerated at year 3. The outcome, substance use in the past year (yes vs. no), was assessed at each time point. Respondents were asked whether they used marijuana, sedatives, tranquilizers, amphetamines, prescription painkillers, inhalants, cocaine, hallucinogens, or heroin. Three mediators were investigated at years 5 and 9: neighborhood cohesion, financial support, and emergency social support. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to construct support-related mediators. Counting on someone to loan $200, providing a temporary place to stay, and providing emergency childcare were hypothesized to load onto one factor (emergency social support) and counting on someone to loan $1000, co-sign a bank loan for $1000 and co-sign a bank loan for $5000 were hypothesized to load onto a separate factor (financial support). Items were weighted by factor loadings and responses were summed to create a scale for financial support and emergency social support, with a higher score denoting greater degree of support. Impact of partner incarceration and maternal substance use was modeled using multilevel modeling to account for repeated measures, adjusting for appropriate confounders (age of mother at child’s birth, race, education, employment, and history of intimate partner violence). Results: Nearly half (42.7%, N=958) of participants reported partner incarceration. Among mothers who described partner incarceration, the odds of reporting substance use are 96% (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]: 1.96; 95% Confidence Interval (CI):1.56-2.46) greater in comparison to those who reported no partner incarceration. Financial support at year 5 mediated 17% of the relationship between partner incarceration at year 3 and substance use at year 9 (p-value = 0.006); financial support at year 9 was not a significant mediator of the relationship between partner incarceration at year 3 and substance use at year 15. Neither emergency social support nor neighborhood cohesion were significant mediators at either year 5 or year 9. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that partner incarceration impacts maternal substance use. Financial support acts as a partial mediator in the short term, which has important implications for families disrupted by mass incarceration.
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Zhao, Yiting, and Qing Yang. "The Research Process of Chopin Etudes in China in Recent Twenty Years." In proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Literature, Art and Human Development (ICLAHD 2020). Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201215.461.
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Nişancı, Murat, Aslı Cansın Doker, Adem Türkmen, and Ömer Selçuk Emsen. "The Determinants of Labor Productivity: Analyses on Chosen Countries (1960-2010)." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01550.
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Discussions on economic productivity, in micro analysis aspects there is direct causal relationship between increases or decreases in the production and productivity, whereas it can be said that productivity is based on economic recession or growth in macro analysis aspects. In the literature, while Classical theoreticians is attributed that the source of growth is the marginal productivity of capital, neoclassic school claims that marginal productivity difference provide benefit the country from behind for realization of the convergence hypothesis. Furthermore, increasing efficiency and as the factors this increase efficiency human capital, learning by doing concepts and technology are focused in the endogenous growth theories. In this study, human capital, physical capital per worker, exports per worker, gender differences, fertility, life expectancy and dependent population ratio were determined as determinants of labor productivity. In respect to labor productivity, variables are divided to three main groups in order to economic demographic and social and psychological factors. The variables are placed with taking five years average due to the fact that those variables’ effects reveal themselves more clearly in the long term. In the paper, it was investigated by panel data analysis considering groups of developed and developing countries between 1960 and 2010 period. In this context the degree of efficiency may well be discussed with parameters of selected variables for productivity of labor. Additionally, within framework of descriptive statistics the differences and similarities between countries were interpreted for political recommendations to developing countries how to increase productivity for catching developed countries’ growth trend.
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ARIVA, Jelena, Katri KALL, Liis OPER, and Ants-Hannes VIIRA. "EFFECTS OF THE RESTRICTIONS OF PRACTICES USED FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF PERMANENT GRASSLANDS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.163.
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From 2004-2015, the utilised agricultural area (UAA) in Estonia increased by 25%. Half of the UAA growth arose from the increase in the area of permanent grassland temporarily not used for production purposes. The main driver of growth in such land has been single area payment (SAP) paid in Estonia since the EU accession in 2004. While subsidising the maintenance of permanent grassland not used for agricultural production is in line with the objectives of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), it fuels discussions about the effects of this policy on agricultural producers. For every year, member states establish practices equivalent to maintenance of permanent grassland. Until 2014, in Estonia, the minimum activity for the maintenance of permanent grassland under the SAP, was harvesting the grass or chopping it and leaving on the ground. In 2015 and 2016 options for chopping and leaving the grass on the ground were restricted with an aim to target SAP more towards active land users, i.e. agricultural producers. Both agricultural producers and non-producers maintain permanent grassland not used for production purposes. Research on the practices used by different types of actors helps in understanding the variety of practices and potential effects of restrictions of these practices. The survey data was combined with the data from the registries of Estonian Agricultural Registers and Information Board (ARIB), to analyse the potential effects of restrictions of practices on agricultural producers and the area of permanent pasture in Estonia. The results indicate that both agricultural producers and non-producers use grass harvesting and chopping practices. Therefore, restrictions that have effect on both groups of land users are not the most efficient way of targeting SAP towards agricultural producers, and potentially reduce the area of permanent grasslands. This result would be in conflict with the aims of the CAP.
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Couto-Cantero, Pilar. "Elementos lingüísticos que plantean problemas de traducción a la lengua inglesa en el Lazarillo de Tormes." In Simposio internacional El Lazarillo y sus continuadores: Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, 10 y 11 de octubre de 2019, Universidade da Coruña: [Actas]. Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidade da Coruña, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/spudc.9788497497657.69.
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This paper focuses on the analysis of some linguistic elements that pose problems in the English translation of the famous novel: El Lazarillo de Tormes. To carry out the analysis we have chosen the Spanish version of the bilingual edition (Spanish-Galician) recently reviewed by Rodríguez López-Vázquez in 2019 as initial text. The three English versions are the ones translated by Merwin in 1962, Frye in 2015 and Torres Aguilar in year 2018. Given the reduced characteristics of this format, we will base our approach on two concrete examples. The first analysis focuses on macro-structural aspects which are observed throughout the whole work and that we demonstrate through the Prologue. There are transmission errors caused by an incorrect choice of the initial text and as a consequence of that, a wrong translation of the texts in the English language. The second example focuses on an expression contained in the initial text: “San Juan y ciégale” and how it has also been wrongly translated into English. This paper finishes with our own proposal, a series of conclusions and suggestions for future research, and the mandatory references required to continue deepening in the field.
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Alegre-Martínez, Antoni, María Isabel Martínez-Martínez, José Luis Alfonso Sánchez, María M. Morales Suárez-Varela, and Agustín Llopis González. "Results of the implementation of a virtual microscope in a course of histology." In HEAd'16 - International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head16.2016.2626.
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The course of Anatomy and Histology is studied in the first year of Dentistry at the University Cardenal Herrera CEU (Alfara del Patriarca, Spain). Its practices consist on choose freely six samples and draw their most representative features. These practices were made by optical microscopy until 2014, and in 2015 was introduced the virtual microscope exclusively. The aim of the study is to test whether this new teaching method has improved the quality of exercise and the understanding shown by students. First, the best exercises of both years were chosen, and from them some drawings from the same tissue were compared. Some tissues which samples for optical microscope were hard to obtain, were drawn for the very first time thanks to the virtual microscope. Also, with the virtual microscopy the drawings contained more details and definition. The understanding of the structures improved, shown by a more functional, detailed and defined vision of the tissues. The labels of the virtual microscope helped to the self-study and avoided the loss of unnoticed structures. In conclusion, replacement of optical microscope by the virtual microscope is a teaching improvement and facilitates student learning.
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González-Alonso, María Yolanda. "Estrategias utilizadas para el cambio en la percepción de estudiantes universitarios hacia personas con discapacidad." In IN-RED 2020: VI Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inred2020.2020.12024.
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This research aims to investigate the perception of university students about people with disabilities. Fifty-six first-year students of the occupational therapy degree participated in the study, during the 2017-2018 academic year. The effect caused by the use of different strategies with the aim of achieving a positive perception of persons with disabilities is collected, after several information, training, contact and reflection sessions. The results suggest that first-year students appreciate having contact with people with whom they will be able to apply their knowledge as professionals. They are surprised by the autonomy, optimism, perseverance and participation of people with disabilities. It has served them mainly to understand the profession, to value the therapeutic relationship and to see support products. The most chosen weakness to change, after carrying out the designed activities is patience. Disability is still a distant and unknown world for first year students, however, it is crucial to achieve a positive perception through strategies throughout the career, since in the near future they will work with these people from the occupation in contributing to their health, welfare and participation in life.
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Krejčí, Tomáš, Josef Navrátil, Stanislav Martinát, et al. "Past, present and future prospects for pre-1989 agricultural premises: the Vysočina Region." In XXIII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách / 23rd International Colloquium on Regional Sciences. Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9610-2020-63.
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The large pre-1989 agricultural premises that were built in the communist period are still with us and considerably shape the face of our villages to the present times. Its new uses are particularly problematic, but some changes took place during the last three decades. That is why we tried to compare former uses with uses to the year of the EU accession, up to date uses and planned uses according to territorial zoning plans. Selected municipalities of the Vysočina Region were chosen as case study. 375 pre-1989 agricultural premises with an area of 709.8 hectares were identified. Spatial expansion of 36.2 ha by biogas stations or composting plants to 2019 was found. Agricultural use has lost 116.2 hectares by the year 2019, i.e.,16.4% of the original area - 49.6% of which are agricultural brownfields. Based on the analyses of territorial zoning plans, it was found that they are prepared “rigidly” and that no significant changes are planned in the future. No plan has been made to return agriculture to areas that lost agricultural use in the previous years. Also, agricultural brownfields will not be widely intended for farming activities.
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Labalette, Thibaud, Alain Harman, and Marie-Claude Dupuis. "The Cige´o Industrial Geological Repository Project." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59265.
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The Planning Act of 28 June 2006 prescribed that a reversible repository in a deep geological formation be chosen as the reference solution for the long-term management of high-level and intermediate-level long-lived radioactive waste. It also entrusted the responsibility of further studies and investigations on the siting and design of the new repository upon the French Radioactive Waste Management Agency (Agence nationale pour la gestion des de´chets radioactifs – Andra), in order for the review of the creation-licence application to start in 2015 and, subject to its approval, the commissioning of the new repository in 2025. In late 2009, Andra submitted to the French government proposals concerning the implementation and the design of Cige´o (Centre industriel de stockage ge´ologique). A significant step of the project was completed with the delineation of an interest zone for the construction of the repositor’s underground facilities in 2010. This year, Andra has launched a new dialogue phase with local actors in order to clarify the implementation scenarios on the surface. The selected site will be validated after the public debate that is now scheduled for the first half of 2013. This debate will be organized by the National Public Debate Committee (Commission nationale du de´bat public). In parallel, the State is leading the preparation of an territorial development scheme, which will be presented during the public debate. The 2009 milestone also constitutes a new step in the progressive design process of the repository. After the 1998, 2001 and 2005 iterations, which focused mainly on the long-term safety of the repository, the Dossier 2009 highlighted its operational safety, with due account of the non-typical characteristics of an underground nuclear facility. It incorporates the first results of the repository-optimisation studies, which started in 2006 and will continue in the future. The reversibility options for the repository constitute proposals in terms of added flexibility in repository management and in package-recovery levels. They orient the design of the repository in order to promote those reversibility components. They contribute to the dialogue with stakeholders in the preparation of the public debate and of the future act on the reversibility conditions of the repository. The development of the repository shall be achieved over a long period, around the century. Hence, the designer will acquire additional knowledge at every new development of the project, notably during Phase 1, which he may reuse during the following phase, in order, for instance, to optimise the project. This process is part of the approach proposed by Andra in 2009 pursuant to the reversibility principle.
Reports on the topic "Chopin Year 2010"
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Brasil, André. Multidimensionality through self-evaluation: From theory to practice in the Brazilian graduate system. Fteval - Austrian Platform for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2022.546.
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Nearly all science and technology research in Brazil is conducted within a national system of graduate education. Since the 1970s, a graduate program assessment has been an integral part of such a system, and it is currently held on a quadrennial basis. The evaluation model is dynamic, evolving from the experiences of evaluators, policymakers, and the scientific community during each four-year cycle. This study analyses policy initiatives from the 2017-2021 evolving effort, focusing on strategies and recommendations to implement multidimensionality and self-evaluation as integral components of Brazilian evaluation. The paper traces how the idea for a multidimensional assessment was introduced in the country and how U-Multirank, an international ranking of higher education institutions (HEI), has come to inspire an evaluation that is not institutional but of graduate programs instead. The study identified some benefits and limitations of the chosen inspiration and analysed how the Brazilian proposal aligned with the U-Multirank principles. Furthermore, the investigation shows there is little concrete difference from the proposed new model to the one Brazil has already in place. Finally, the last section of this study looks into the once pivotal idea to pursue a self-evaluation component, now relegated to a minor role in the model, but that could be raised to a position supporting the design of an actual multidimensional assessment model.
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Kim, Changmo, Ghazan Khan, Brent Nguyen, and Emily L. Hoang. Development of a Statistical Model to Predict Materials’ Unit Prices for Future Maintenance and Rehabilitation in Highway Life Cycle Cost Analysis. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1806.
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The main objectives of this study are to investigate the trends in primary pavement materials’ unit price over time and to develop statistical models and guidelines for using predictive unit prices of pavement materials instead of uniform unit prices in life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) for future maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) projects. Various socio-economic data were collected for the past 20 years (1997–2018) in California, including oil price, population, government expenditure in transportation, vehicle registration, and other key variables, in order to identify factors affecting pavement materials’ unit price. Additionally, the unit price records of the popular pavement materials were categorized by project size (small, medium, large, and extra-large). The critical variables were chosen after identifying their correlations, and the future values of each variable were predicted through time-series analysis. Multiple regression models using selected socio-economic variables were developed to predict the future values of pavement materials’ unit price. A case study was used to compare the results between the uniform unit prices in the current LCCA procedures and the unit prices predicted in this study. In LCCA, long-term prediction involves uncertainties due to unexpected economic trends and industrial demand and supply conditions. Economic recessions and a global pandemic are examples of unexpected events which can have a significant influence on variations in material unit prices and project costs. Nevertheless, the data-driven scientific approach as described in this research reduces risk caused by such uncertainties and enables reasonable predictions for the future. The statistical models developed to predict the future unit prices of the pavement materials through this research can be implemented to enhance the current LCCA procedure and predict more realistic unit prices and project costs for the future M&R activities, thus promoting the most cost-effective alternative in LCCA.
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McCarthy, Noel, Eileen Taylor, Martin Maiden, et al. Enhanced molecular-based (MLST/whole genome) surveillance and source attribution of Campylobacter infections in the UK. Food Standards Agency, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ksj135.
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This human campylobacteriosis sentinel surveillance project was based at two sites in Oxfordshire and North East England chosen (i) to be representative of the English population on the Office for National Statistics urban-rural classification and (ii) to provide continuity with genetic surveillance started in Oxfordshire in October 2003. Between October 2015 and September 2018 epidemiological questionnaires and genome sequencing of isolates from human cases was accompanied by sampling and genome sequencing of isolates from possible food animal sources. The principal aim was to estimate the contributions of the main sources of human infection and to identify any changes over time. An extension to the project focussed on antimicrobial resistance in study isolates and older archived isolates. These older isolates were from earlier years at the Oxfordshire site and the earliest available coherent set of isolates from the national archive at Public Health England (1997/8). The aim of this additional work was to analyse the emergence of the antimicrobial resistance that is now present among human isolates and to describe and compare antimicrobial resistance in recent food animal isolates. Having identified the presence of bias in population genetic attribution, and that this was not addressed in the published literature, this study developed an approach to adjust for bias in population genetic attribution, and an alternative approach to attribution using sentinel types. Using these approaches the study estimated that approximately 70% of Campylobacter jejuni and just under 50% of C. coli infection in our sample was linked to the chicken source and that this was relatively stable over time. Ruminants were identified as the second most common source for C. jejuni and the most common for C. coli where there was also some evidence for pig as a source although less common than ruminant or chicken. These genomic attributions of themselves make no inference on routes of transmission. However, those infected with isolates genetically typical of chicken origin were substantially more likely to have eaten chicken than those infected with ruminant types. Consumption of lamb’s liver was very strongly associated with infection by a strain genetically typical of a ruminant source. These findings support consumption of these foods as being important in the transmission of these infections and highlight a potentially important role for lamb’s liver consumption as a source of Campylobacter infection. Antimicrobial resistance was predicted from genomic data using a pipeline validated by Public Health England and using BIGSdb software. In C. jejuni this showed a nine-fold increase in resistance to fluoroquinolones from 1997 to 2018. Tetracycline resistance was also common, with higher initial resistance (1997) and less substantial change over time. Resistance to aminoglycosides or macrolides remained low in human cases across all time periods. Among C. jejuni food animal isolates, fluoroquinolone resistance was common among isolates from chicken and substantially less common among ruminants, ducks or pigs. Tetracycline resistance was common across chicken, duck and pig but lower among ruminant origin isolates. In C. coli resistance to all four antimicrobial classes rose from low levels in 1997. The fluoroquinolone rise appears to have levelled off earlier and among animals, levels are high in duck as well as chicken isolates, although based on small sample sizes, macrolide and aminoglycoside resistance, was substantially higher than for C. jejuni among humans and highest among pig origin isolates. Tetracycline resistance is high in isolates from pigs and the very small sample from ducks. Antibiotic use following diagnosis was relatively high (43.4%) among respondents in the human surveillance study. Moreover, it varied substantially across sites and was highest among non-elderly adults compared to older adults or children suggesting opportunities for improved antimicrobial stewardship. The study also found evidence for stable lineages over time across human and source animal species as well as some tighter genomic clusters that may represent outbreaks. The genomic dataset will allow extensive further work beyond the specific goals of the study. This has been made accessible on the web, with access supported by data visualisation tools.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Germany. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrde.2020.12.
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This report outlines in detail the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Germany. To do this, the report utilised indicators of: youth population; youth employment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characte-risation of all indicators adopted the degree of urbanisation as a central criterion, enabling proportional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail. The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the in-dicators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets. The analyses show that the rural youth population aged 15 to 24 years significantly increa-sed between 2009 and 2012 and then decreased slightly until 2019. The youth employment rate in Germany is generally increasing, and is at all times significantly higher in rural areas than in cities, towns and suburbs. The reverse trend applies to youth unemployment, which generally decreased in the observed period and which is at all times lowest in rural areas. A look at educational attainment levels showed a slight decline in rural areas of low educated persons between 2009 and 2019, while the proportion of rural youth with medium and high education slightly increased. At the same time, the proportion of early school leavers in rural areas after an increase until 2011, fell sharply and reached the 2009 level again by 2019. Be-ing 9% in 2019, it remains, at least in rural areas, slightly below the 10% target defined by the Europe 2020 strategy. Finally, the proportion of NEETs in Germany is lower in rural areas in all age classes and as a whole decreased significantly from 2009 to 2019.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Italy. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrit.2020.12.
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This document describes the Italian situation of young people aged between 15 and 34 years who do not work, do not study and are not in training (NEET), from 2009 to 2019. The report analyses the following indicators of the youth population: employment; unem-ployment; education; and, distribution of NEETs. The criteria adopted to analyse data are mainly the degree of urbanisation, the age group and, where possible, gender. The statistical procedure adopted for the different dimensions selected is descriptive lon-gitudinal analysis and calculation of absolute and relative proportional changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019 and between 2009 and 2019. These time intervals have been chosen to capture the evolution of the indicators before and after the economic cri-sis that hit European countries. All data has been extracted from Eurostat public data sets. The data analysed shows how the Italian population decreased slightly between 2009 and 2019. However, what clearly changed is the distribution: increased in rural areas and decreased in cities. Youth unemployment grew strongly from 2009 to 2014, until finally decreasing from 2014 to 2019. Between 2009 and 2019, the Italian population aged from 15 to 24 years old has become more educated. The number of young people who drop out of school early decreased sharply, although rural areas remain the ones with the highest rates thereof. Finally, the NEET rate is one of the highest in the EU and has increased overall from 2009 to 2019. The peak was reached in 2014 and then the share decreased until 2019. Rural areas have the highest rate, although with a very small difference compared to the rate of cities and the national average.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Spain. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nres.2020.12.
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This report outlines in detail the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Spain. To do this, the report utilised indicators of: youth population; youth employment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characterisation of all indicators adopted the degree of urbanisation as a central criterion, enabling propor-tional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail.The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the in-dicators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets.In the last ten years (2009 - 2019) a significant portion of the Spanish youth population has migrated from rural areas to cities and towns. This migration trend could be explained by the economic crisis which impacted upon Spain from 2008 onwards. Data shown in this report makes visible the vulnerability of rural NEET youth to these downturns from 2009 to 2013. In line with this, Early-school leaving (ESLET) and unemployment rates in rural areas were more pronounced in 2013 and the following years for rural youth in comparison with youth living in urban areas and towns. However, in the last two years (2017-2019) there has been a sharp decrease in these indicators placing youth living rural areas, on average, in line with the rest (i.e., an average NEET youth rate in Spain 15% versus 16% for rural areas).
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Montenegro. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrme.2020.12.
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This report outlines in detail the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Edu-cation or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Montenegro. To do this, the report utilised indicators of: youth population; youth employment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characterisation of all indicators adopted the degree of urbanisation as a central criterion, enabling propor-tional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail. The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the in-dicators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets. The analyses show that between 2011 and 2019, the youth population aged 15 to 29 years has been decreasing in Montenegro. Youth unemployment in rural areas is more noticeable, even though the youth unemployment rate is higher in cities. In the field of education, however, there was an absolute and relative reduction in the proportion of young people with lower qualifications and young people in the category of early school leavers in rural areas between 2011-2019. Finally, the proportion of NEETs in Montenegro is higher in rural areas, compared to urban regions, thus revealing territorial inequalities in access to employment and education opportunities.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Portugal. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrpt.2020.12.
Full textAbstract:
This report outlines in detail the situation of rural youths Neither in Employment, nor in Edu-cation or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Portugal. To do this, the report portrays indicators of: youth population; youth em-ployment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characterisation of all indicators adopts the degree of urbanisation as a central criterion, thereby enabling propor-tional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail.The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the in-dicators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets.The analyses show that between 2009 and 2019 the rural youth population aged 15 to 24 years has been increasing in Portugal. Although the youth unemployment rate is higher in cities, rural areas faced more difficulties in overcoming the effects of the crisis, particularly among young adults aged over 25 years. In the field of education, however, there was an absolute and relative reduction in the proportion of young people with lower qualifications compared with young people in early school leavers in rural areas between 2009-2019, even though it still remains well above the 10% target defined by the Europe 2020 strategy. Finally, the proportion of NEETs in Portugal is higher in rural areas, in all age groups with available data, compared to cities and towns and suburbs, thereby revealing territorial in-equalities in access to employment and education opportunities.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Bulgaria. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.ndbg.2020.12.
Full textAbstract:
This report outlines in detail the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Bulgaria. To do this, the report utilised indicators of: youth population; you-th employment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characteri-sation of all indicators adopted the degree of urbanisation as a central criterion, enabling proportional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail. The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the indi-cators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets. The analyses show that between 2009 and 2019 the rural youth population aged 15 to 24 years has been increasing in Bulgaria. Although the youth unemployment rate is higher in cities, rural areas faced more difficulties in overcoming the effects of the crisis, particularly among young adults aged over 25 years. In the field of education, however, there was an absolute and relative reduction in the proportion of young people with lower qualifications compared with young people in early school leavers in rural areas between 2009-2019, even though it still remains well above the 10% target defined by the Europe 2020 strate-gy. Finally, the proportion of NEETs in Bulgaria is higher in rural areas, in all age groups with available data, compared to cities and towns and suburbs, thereby revealing territorial inequalities in access to employment and education opportunities
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Turkey. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrtr.2020.12.
Full textAbstract:
This report describes the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Turkey. To achieve this goal, the report portrays indicators of youth population, youth employment and unemployment, education and NEETs distribution. Since the urban/rural distinction is not clear in Turkey, the overtime change in the status of the Rural NEETs can-not be analysed.The adopted statistical procedures across the different selected dimensions involves descriptive longitudinal analysis, using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts) as well as the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019 and 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the indi-cators evolution before and after the economic crisis that hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets, in addition we also used the statistics provi-ded by the Statistical Institute of Turkey, in addition to some academic works.The analyses show that Turkey has an ageing population, and that the share of the youth in the population declined over years. The relatively younger population of Turkey has pre-viously always been accepted as an advantage, but this advantage has disappeared with declining birth rates. The transition to a new administrative system in 2012 prevents a de-tailed analysis of the situation of rural NEETS. However, the available data shows that there is a significant gender gap and the lower levels of female labour force participation has led to the emergence of the NEETs as a gendered problem.