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1

Biolsi, Brigitte, Laura Cif, Hassan El Fertit, Santiago Gil Robles, and Philippe Coubes. "Long-term follow-up of Huntington disease treated by bilateral deep brain stimulation of the internal globus pallidus." Journal of Neurosurgery 109, no. 1 (2008): 130–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns/2008/109/7/0130.

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Deep brain stimulation is now accepted as a safe and efficient treatment for movement disorders including selected types of dystonia and dyskinesia. Very little, however, is known about its effect on other movement disorders, particularly for “choreic” movements. Huntington disease is a fatal autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by movement disorders, progressive cognitive impairment, and psychiatric symptoms. Bilateral chronic stimulation of the internal globus pallidus was performed to control choreic movements in a 60-year-old man with a 10-year history of Huntington
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2

Szurhaj, William, Christine Daems‐Monpeurt, Haouaria Sediri, Alain Destée, and Philippe Derambure. "Ictal movement disorders and hypothalamic hamartoma." Epileptic Disorders 7, no. 1 (2005): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/j.1950-6945.2005.tb00099.x.

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We report the case of a woman presenting with unusual, symptomatic epilepsy related to a hypothalamic hamartoma, in the absence of mental retardation or precocious puberty. The seizures manifested themselves clinically as characteristic, paroxysmal movement disorders, such as choreic/ballistic movement. This type of phenomenon is rarely of epileptic origin: we thus suggest that the movement disorder observed here could be due to functional disorganization of the basal ganglia network by the epileptic discharge, causing loss of the inhibition of thalamic activity and thus allowing the occurrenc
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3

Sperotto, Roberto, Laura Ceccarelli, Yan Tereshko, Giovanni Merlino, Gian Luigi Gigli, and Mariarosaria Valente. "The Possible Precipitating Role of SARS-CoV-2 in a Case of Late-Onset Hemichorea Due to a Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State: Case Report and Brief Literature Review." Medicina 59, no. 11 (2023): 1949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59111949.

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Case report: An 83-year-old Italian female developed postural instability and gait disturbance associated with a concomitant hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. Brain CT and MRI scans detected a lesion in the right putamen due to metabolic derangement. A month later, the patient started suffering from choreic movements along the left side of the body with brachio-crural distribution, approximately three weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. She was treated with tetrabenazine with complete resolution of the aberrant movements. Any attempt to reduce tetrabenazine caused a relapse of the symptoms. Disc
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4

Takeuchi, Toshiaki, Masafumi Harada, and Takao Mitsui. "Choreic movement in striatal infarction." Neurology: Clinical Practice 8, no. 2 (2018): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/cpj.0000000000000446.

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5

Takahashi, Toshiaki, Masashi Aoki, Takashi Imai, et al. "A case of dysferlinopathy presenting choreic movements." Movement Disorders 21, no. 9 (2006): 1513–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.21027.

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6

Ifergane, G., R. Masalha, and Y. O. Herishanu. "Transient Hemichorea/Hemiballismus Associated with New Onset Hyperglycemia." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 28, no. 4 (2001): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100001608.

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Objective:To describe three patients suffering from transient hemichorea/hemiballismus associated with hyperglycemia, review previous reports and propose a possible pathophysiological explanation for this phenomenon.Results:Our original cases and previously reported ones reveal a uniform syndrome: mostly female patients (F/M ratio of 11/2), 50-80 years old, usually with no previous history of diabetes mellitus (9/13), develop choreic or ballistic movements on one side of the body over a period of hours. Serum glucose levels are elevated. In most of the patients, a lowering of the blood sugar l
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7

Lance, Eboni I., Martin Kronenbuerger, Julie S. Cohen, Orion Furmanski, Harvey S. Singer, and Ali Fatemi. "Successful treatment of choreo-athetotic movements in a patient with an EEF1A2 gene variant." SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 6 (January 2018): 2050313X1880762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313x18807622.

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Pathogenic variants in EEF1A2, a gene encoding a eukaryotic translation elongation factor, have been previously reported in pediatric cases of epileptic encephalopathy and intellectual disability. We report a case of a 17-year-old male with a prior history of epilepsy, autism, intellectual disability, and the abrupt onset of choreo-athetotic movements. The patient was diagnosed with an EEF1A2 variant by whole exome sequencing. His movement disorder responded dramatically to treatment with tetrabenazine. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of successful treatment of a hyperki
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8

Delwaide, P. J., and J. Schoenen. "Hyperthyroidism as a cause of persistent choreic movements." Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 58, no. 5 (2009): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.1978.tb02892.x.

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9

Rana, Abdul Qayyum, Ambreen Nadeem, Muhammad Saad Yousuf, and Zakerabibi M. Kachhvi. "Late onset of atypical paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia with remote history of Graves’ disease." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 04, no. 04 (2013): 449–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-3147.120226.

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ABSTRACTParoxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD) is a rare hyperkinetic movement disorder and falls under the category of paroxysmal movement disorders. In this condition, episodes are spontaneous, involuntary, and involve dystonic posturing with choreic and ballistic movements. Attacks last for minutes to hours and rarely occur more than once per day. Attacks are not typically triggered by sudden movement, but may be brought on by alcohol, caffeine, stress, fatigue, or chocolate. We report a patient with multiple atypical features of PNKD. She had a 7-year history of this condition with o
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10

Im, So-Hyang, Chang Wan Oh, O.-Ki Kwon, Byung-Kyu Cho, Young-Seob Chung, and Dae Hee Han. "Involuntary movement induced by cerebral ischemia: pathogenesis and surgical outcome." Journal of Neurosurgery 100, no. 5 (2004): 877–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2004.100.5.0877.

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Object. Involuntary movement is an uncommon manifestation of a transient ischemic attack. It may be induced by cerebral hemodynamic insufficiency, which is associated with several cerebral ischemic diseases. The authors present three cases of limb shaking due to moyamoya disease (MMD) or radiation-induced middle cerebral artery stenosis, and three additional cases of choreic movement due to MMD. Neuroimaging studies and surgical outcomes in these patients were retrospectively analyzed to investigate the pathological mechanism underlying the symptoms and to provide guidance for the management o
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11

Soltan, Witold, Emilia Sitek, Hubert Wichowicz, Dariusz Wieczorek, and Jaroslaw Slawek. "Abnormal gait and bradykinesia in the preclinical phase of Huntington's disease – psychogenic movement disorder?" Acta Neuropsychiatrica 23, no. 6 (2011): 315–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5215.2011.00570.x.

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Soltan W, Sitek E, Wichowicz H, Wieczorek D, Slawek J. Abnormal gait and bradykinesia in the preclinical phase of Huntington's disease – psychogenic movement disorder?Objective: Psychiatric symptoms may occur in individuals at risk of Huntington's disease (HD) regardless of their genetic status. Psychopathological symptomatology is attributed to both genetic and environmental factors. In case of asymptomatic gene carriers, psychiatric symptoms may precede involuntary movements.Methods: We report the first case with abnormal gait and bradykinesia in preclinical adult HD. A 33-year-old woman bli
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12

Pathania, M., B. S. Lali, N. K. Yadav, and A. Chaturvedi. "Demonstration of choreic movements in a case of chorea gravidarum." Case Reports 2013, feb15 1 (2013): bcr2012008234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2012-008234.

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13

Kujawa, Kathy A., Vanda R. Niemi, Marie A. Tomasi, Norman W. Mayer, Elizabeth Cochran, and Christopher G. Goetz. "Ballistic-Choreic Movements as the Presenting Feature of Renal Cancer." Archives of Neurology 58, no. 7 (2001): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.58.7.1133.

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14

Devos, David, Luc Defebvre, Alain Dest�e, and Jacques Caron. "Choreic movements induced by cibenzoline: An Ic class antiarrhythmic effect?" Movement Disorders 15, no. 5 (2000): 1030–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1531-8257(200009)15:5<1030::aid-mds1048>3.0.co;2-1.

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15

Yu, Willi, Sabina Honisch, Sebastian Schmidt, et al. "Chorein Sensitive Orai1 Expression and Store Operated Ca2+ Entry in Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 40, no. 5 (2016): 1141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000453168.

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Background: Chorein, a protein encoded by VPS13A (vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 13A), is defective in chorea acanthocytosis, a rare disease characterized by acanthocytosis of red blood cells and neuronal cell death with progressive hyperkinetic movement disorder, cognitive dysfunction, behavioral abnormalities and chronic hyperkalemia. Chorein is highly expressed in ZF rhabdomyosarcoma cells and counteracts apoptosis of those cells. Chorein is effective in part by interacting with and fostering stimulation of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-p85-subunit. PI3K dependent signaling
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16

Becker, Nilson, Renato P. Munhoz, Salmo Raskin, Lineu César Werneck, and Hélio A. G. Teive. "Non-choreic movement disorders as initial manifestations of Huntington's disease." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 65, no. 2b (2007): 402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2007000300007.

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We describe seven patients with genetically confirmed Huntington's disease (HD) who had non-choreic movement disorders as presenting symptoms or signs. Patients with movement disorders other than chorea in the early stages tended to have larger CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in comparison with more "typical" HD patients.
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17

Ghosh, Ritwik, Souvik Dubey, Dipayan Roy, et al. "Choreo-ballistic movements heralding COVID-19 induced diabetic ketoacidosis." Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews 15, no. 3 (2021): 913–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2021.04.010.

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18

Kang, Jin Young, Jung Hwan Lee, and In Young Sung. "Poster 247: Delayed Onset Choreic Movement in Cerebral Palsy." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 88, no. 9 (2007): E81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2007.06.659.

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19

Casaca-Carreira, João, Yasin Temel, Marloes van Zelst, and Ali Jahanshahi. "Coexistence of Gait Disturbances and Chorea in Experimental Huntington’s Disease." Behavioural Neurology 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/970204.

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Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by an expanded CAG repeat. The clinical features are progressive motor dysfunction, cognitive deterioration, and psychiatric disturbances. Unpredictable choreic movements, among the most characteristic hallmarks, may contribute to gait disturbances and loss of balance in HD individuals. In this study, we aimed to investigate and characterize the gait abnormalities and choreic movements in a transgenic rat model of HD (tgHD). TgHD presents typical neuropathological, neurophysiological, and behavioral aspects mim
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20

Honisch, Sabina, Shuchen Gu, Jennifer Müller vom Hagen, et al. "Chorein Sensitive Arrangement of Cytoskeletal Architecture." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 37, no. 1 (2015): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000430363.

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Background/Aims: Chorein is a protein expressed in various cell types. Loss of function mutations of the chorein encoding gene VPS13A lead to chorea-acanthocytosis, an autosomal recessive genetic disease characterized by movement disorder and behavioral abnormalities. Recent observations revealed that chorein is a powerful regulator of actin cytoskeleton in erythrocytes, platelets, K562 and endothelial HUVEC cells. Methods: In the present study we have used Western blotting to study actin polymerization dynamics, laser scanning microscopy to evaluate in detail the role of chorein in microfilam
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21

Justo, Damian, Perrine Charles, Jean Daunizeau, et al. "Is non-recognition of choreic movements in Huntington disease always pathological?" Neuropsychologia 51, no. 4 (2013): 748–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.12.005.

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22

Ogawa, Katsuhiko, Yutaka Suzuki, Satoshi Kamei, and Tomohiko Mizutani. "Choreic involuntary movement that occurred during therapy for diabetes mellitus." Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Geriatrics 45, no. 2 (2008): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3143/geriatrics.45.225.

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23

Parwanto, Edy. "Response to: Choreo-ballistic movements heralding COVID-19 induced diabetic ketoacidosis." Bali Medical Journal 10, no. 2 (2021): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v10i3.2622.

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24

Saiz Garcia, H., L. Montes Reula, A. Portilla Fernandez, et al. "Neuroacanthocytosis syndromes and neuropsychiatry symptoms associated." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1246.

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IntroductionNeuroacanthocytosis is an infrequent cause of both neurological and psychiatric manifestations, and acanthocytes, which are a special form of spiculated red blood cells. Clinically significant psychopathology, ranging from behavioural disturbance to frank psychiatric illness, has been reported to occur in up to 60% of ChAc patients.MethodsA review was conducted aiming to clarify the physiopathology of this illness and its clinical features in order to distinguish neuroacanthocytosis from other neurological or psychiatric diseases. The literature search was conducted in PubMed data
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25

Verwer, M. A. J. "A syndrome of choreic movements in a young dog, caused by cerebral “leucodystrophy”." Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin 6, no. 9 (2010): 881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0442.1959.tb00627.x.

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26

Nekomoto, Reona, and Akinori Sekiguchi. "Dynamics Simulation of Biped Robot with Arch Structure and Toe Joint." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 27, no. 3 (2023): 404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2023.p0404.

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The arch structure of human foot absorbs impact and assists push-off movements during walking. The objective of this study is to introduce arch structures and toe joints into a biped robot, verify the effects, and devise walk control methods by dynamics simulation. We simulated the upright state and start of walking using Choreonoid. The results confirmed that the arch structure improved the impact absorption and stability in the anteroposterior direction. In addition, the arch structure could be expected to smooth the load transfer between the supporting legs during the step change.
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Weise, D., G. Weise, L. Solymosi, and J. Classen. "Generalized choreic movement disorder due to bilateral recurrent artery of Heubner infarctions." Basal Ganglia 2, no. 3 (2012): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.baga.2012.08.002.

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28

Brusa, Livia, Viviana Versace, Giacomo Koch, et al. "Improvement of choreic movements by 1Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in Huntington's disease patients." Annals of Neurology 58, no. 4 (2005): 655–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.20613.

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29

KITAMURA, Eiko, Kiyomi YAMANE, Megumi TAKEUCHI, et al. "Kearns-shy syndrome associated with choreic movement primary hypogonadism, and brain CT abnormalities." Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 74, no. 5 (1985): 582–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/naika.74.582.

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30

Poewe, W. H., B. Kleedorfer, J. Willeit, and F. Gerstenbrand. "Primary CNS lymphoma presenting as a choreic movement disorder followed by segmental dystonia." Movement Disorders 3, no. 4 (1988): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.870030406.

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31

Godani, Massimiliano, and Giuseppe Lanza. "Diabetic Striatopathy: Parenchymal Transcranial Sonography as a Supplement to Diagnosis at the Emergency Department." Diagnostics 12, no. 11 (2022): 2838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112838.

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Background: Diabetic striatopathy (DS) is a rare condition with a debated pathophysiology; a local metabolic dysfunction is the most likely hypothesis. We present a case of DS mimicking an acute stroke, outline a few uncommon/atypical features, and report for the first time the parenchymal transcranial sonography (pTCS) findings. Case Report: An 86-year-old man, treated for insulin-dependent diabetes, presented at an emergency department because of the occurrence of isolated choreo-athetotic movements in his left limbs with fluctuations in the location, frequency, and duration. The blood gluco
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32

Saitoh, Takuro, Rei Enatsu, Mayumi Kitagawa, et al. "Choreo-ballistic movement after thalamotomy in a patient with Lewy body dementia." Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 66 (August 2019): 264–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2019.05.048.

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33

Hashimoto, Takao, Masaomi Shindo, and Nobuo Yanagisawa. "Enhanced associated movements in the contralateral limbs elicited by brisk voluntary contraction in choreic disorders." Clinical Neurophysiology 112, no. 9 (2001): 1612–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1388-2457(01)00627-7.

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34

Calcaterra, Valeria, Marco Burrone, Dario Dilillo, and Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti. "Choreic Movements as Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism in an Adolescent at the Onset of Graves’ Disease." International Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health 8, no. 1 (2020): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12974/2311-8687.2020.08.5.

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35

Avelino, Marcela Amaral, José Luiz Pedroso, Antonio Orlacchio, Orlando Graziani Povoas Barsottini, and Marcelo Rodrigues Masruha. "Neonatal SCA2 Presenting With Choreic Movements and Dystonia With Dystonic Jerks, Retinitis, Seizures, and Hypotonia." Movement Disorders Clinical Practice 1, no. 3 (2014): 252–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mdc3.12050.

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36

Kim, N. L., and M. A. Yamin. "The case of paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia: a long way from a symptom to the diagnosis." Almanac of Clinical Medicine 49, no. 3 (2021): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2021-49-014.

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Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia belongs to the group of primary dyskinesias, which also includes paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia and exercise-induced paroxysmal dyskinesia. Due to the rarity of this disease group, as well as to the existence of a wide spectrum of disorders associated with transient movement abnormalities, the diagnosis is often difficult. A thorough analysis of clinical presentation, objective registration of paroxysmal events (video-electroencephalography monitoring) is helpful in the diagnosis. The most common causes of paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia are mutations
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37

Azevedo Kauppila, Linda, Miguel Coelho, Ana Catarina Franco, et al. "Anti–Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Encephalitis Presenting With Choreo‐Dystonic Movements and Coexisting Electrographic Seizures." Movement Disorders Clinical Practice 6, no. 6 (2019): 483–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mdc3.12800.

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38

Almendra, R., A. R. Figueiredo, V. Espirito Santo, A. Almeida, P. Guimarães, and A. G. Velon. "Tardive dyskinesia: When one should suspect of another diagnosis?" European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1347.

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IntroductionTardive dyskinesia is a collection of symptoms related to the side effects of neuroleptic medications that can mimic other types of disorders. Accurate diagnosis can be challenging, as there is no single test for tardive dyskinesia.Case reportFemale patient, 64 years old, with personal history of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia and psychosis since forth decade, currently medicated with quetiapine 350 mg/day, risperidone IM 50 mg 15/15 days and trazodone 150 mg/day (previously medicated with haloperidol, amisulpride and olanzapine). She started with involuntary movements interpreted as ta
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39

Alonso-Navarro, Hortensia, Elena García-Martín, José A. G. Agúndez, and Félix Javier Jiménez-Jiménez. "Association between restless legs syndrome and other movement disorders." Neurology 92, no. 20 (2019): 948–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000007500.

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ObjectiveThis review focuses on the possible association between restless legs syndrome (RLS) and movement disorders, including Parkinson disease (PD), other parkinsonian syndromes, essential tremor, choreic and dystonic syndromes, Tourette syndrome, and heredodegenerative ataxias.MethodsReview of PubMed from 1966 to September 2018 and identification of references of interest for the topic. A meta-analysis of eligible studies on the frequency of RLS in patients with PD and controls using Meta-DiSc1.1.1 software and using the PRISMA guidelines was performed.Results and conclusionsAlthough there
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40

Kanazawa, Kyoko, Satoko Kumada, Mitsuhiro Kato, Hirotomo Saitsu, Eiji Kurihara, and Naomichi Matsumoto. "Choreo-ballistic movements in a case carrying a missense mutation in syntaxin binding protein 1 gene." Movement Disorders 25, no. 13 (2010): 2265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.23164.

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41

Levy, R., J. O. Dostrovsky, A. E. Lang, E. Sime, W. D. Hutchison, and A. M. Lozano. "Effects of Apomorphine on Subthalamic Nucleus and Globus Pallidus Internus Neurons in Patients With Parkinson's Disease." Journal of Neurophysiology 86, no. 1 (2001): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.86.1.249.

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This study examines the effect of apomorphine (APO), a nonselective D1- and D2-dopamine receptor agonist, on the firing activity of neurons in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Single-unit microelectrode recordings were conducted in 13 patients undergoing implantation of deep brain stimulation electrodes in STN and 6 patients undergoing a pallidotomy. Doses of APO (2.5–8 mg) were sufficient to produce anon state, but not intended to induce dyskinetic movements. Following baseline recordings from a single n
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42

NAGAI, CHIYOKO. "Neuropathy associated with diabetes mellitus: Advances in diagnosis and treatment. III. Involuntary movement: Diagnosis and disease state. 1. Choreic movement and ballism." Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 93, no. 8 (2004): 1545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/naika.93.1545.

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43

Ko, S. H., M. Myunghoon, M. Ji-Hong, K. Soo-Yeon, and S. Yong-Il. "Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation related choreic movement as an adverse effect in stroke: A case report." Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 61 (July 2018): e183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2018.05.419.

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44

Kanazawa, Ichiro, Yoshiharu Tanaka, and Fumiaki Cho. "‘Choreic’ movement induced by unilateral kainate lesion of the striatum and l-DOPA administration in monkey." Neuroscience Letters 71, no. 2 (1986): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(86)90566-5.

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45

KANAZAWA, ICHIRO, MINORU KIMURA, MIHO MURATA, YOSHIHARU TANAKA, and FUMIAKI CHO. "CHOREIC MOVEMENTS IN THE MACAQUE MONKEY INDUCED BY KAINIC ACID LESIONS OF THE STRIATUM COMBINED WITH L-DOPA." Brain 113, no. 2 (1990): 509–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/113.2.509.

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46

Duval, C., R. Mann, J. Zhou, R. Edwards, and M. S. Jog. "1.251 COMPARING THE DYNAMIC RELATIONSHIP OF VOLUNTARY AND INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS BETWEEN DYSKINETIC PARKINSON'S PATIENTS AND CHOREIC HUNTINGTON'S PATIENTS." Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 18 (January 2012): S59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1353-8020(11)70309-1.

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47

Roque, M., and A. Craveiro. "Psychiatric Development in Huntington Disease." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71201-5.

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Huntington Disease (HD) is an untreatable condition with an hereditary basis, autosomal dominant, progressive and Neurodegenerative, with average beginning age in-between 35 and 44 years old. Choreic movements are the major feature of this disease, but the most precocious symptoms are psychiatric alterations. Studies reveal depression numbers to be double than those found in the general population, with disturbing numbers in suicide attempts. Behavioural alterations (psychotic symptoms, agitation, irritability, and insomnia) may become severe in long-term course.Objective:The authors’ aim is t
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Shova, N. I., V. A. Mikhailov, and G. D. Romanyugo. "De Vivo disease (myoclonic-astatic epilepsy combined with chorea): literature review, clinical case description." Epilepsy and paroxysmal conditions 16, no. 2 (2024): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2024.182.

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Abstract:
De Vivo disease is a rare genetic disorder associated with glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) deficiency. We provide a review of publications describing various clinical manifestations of this syndrome, including the combination of epilepsy with choreic hyperkinesis. The seizures related to De Vivo disease are resistant to basic antiepileptic therapy. The ketogenic diet is suggested as the main treatment method. We present our own clinical observation describing an 18-years old male patient, who had myoclonic-astatic seizures and atactic manifestations such as impaired movements coordination a
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Mizutani, Yoshihiko, and Tomoyoshi Kondo. "A clinico-pathologico-biochemical study of four autopsy cases of dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy: With special reference to choreic movement." Neuropathology 16, no. 1 (1996): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1789.1996.tb00156.x.

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50

Canavese, C., M. Casabianca, C. Olivieri, et al. "Bilateral Striatal Necrosis after Sydenham's Chorea in a 7-Year-Old Boy: A 2-Year Follow-Up." Neuropediatrics 49, no. 03 (2018): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1618590.

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AbstractChild bilateral striatal necrosis (BSN) is a rare and etiologically heterogeneous condition. An association with group A streptococcus (GAS) infection was previously reported in two cases of BSN in infancy and early childhood. We here report on a 7-year-old boy who developed chorea and dystonia 20 days after symptomatic recovery from Sydenham's chorea. Repeated brain magnetic resonance imaging scans, obtained before, soon after the onset of the post-Sydenham symptoms, and 1 year later were consistent with an evolution from bilateral striatal microbleeding to necrosis, and consequently
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