Journal articles on the topic 'Chov koz'

Needle knife therapy, a form of acupuncture and moxibustion, has been widely used in the clinical treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, the mechanism is not clear. Therefore, we studied the mechanisms of action of needle knife intervention on KOA in rabbits, with the PERK-eIF2α-CHOP pathway as a starting point, in order to determine the mechanism underlying knee joint chondrocyte apoptosis. Apoptosis and ultrastructural changes in the articular cartilage were examined by pathological study and transmission electron microscopy, and PERK, eIF2α, and CHOP mRNA and protein levels were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. PERK, eIF2α, and CHOP protein levels were significantly higher in the model group than in the normal group (P< 0.01) and were considerably downregulated in the needle knife and the medicine groups compared to the model group (P< 0.01). The eIF2α, p-eIF2α, and CHOP protein levels were not significantly different between the needle knife and medicine groups. The PERK, eIF2α, and CHOP mRNA levels in the drug group were higher than those in the needle knife group (P< 0.01). Needle knife therapy can regulate PERK-eIF2α-CHOP signaling pathway, which could be one of the mechanisms by which it affects chondrocyte apoptosis in KOA rabbits.

Jednym z fundamentalnych pytań w dziedzinie biologii jest to, w jaki sposób dwumetrowa nić DNA upakowana jest w jądrze o średnicy około 10 µm. Odpowiedzi na to pytanie udzielić może mikroskopia XXI w. Choć pierwsze mikroskopy powstały już w XVI w., to dopiero od kilkunastu lat (dzięki obejściu bariery dyfrakcyjnej ograniczającej rozdzielczość) możemy mówić o mikroskopii superrozdzielczej. Z każdym rokiem zaawansowane techniki mikroskopowe, wraz z rozwojem metod biochemicznych oraz obliczeniowych, przybliżają nas do odpowiedzi na to pytanie. Niniejsza praca ma na celu przedstawienie Czytelnikowi wstępu do badań nad organizacją chromatyny oraz przegląd technik mikroskopowych stosowanych w tych badaniach, z uwzględnieniem ich zalet oraz ograniczeń. Przy każdej z metod przedstawiono przykłady prac i odkryć uzyskanych dzięki nim. Ponieważ mikroskopia rozwija się bardzo dynamicznie w przeciągu ostatnich kilkunastu lat, opisane zostały w większości przypadków prace najnowsze. Przykłady te pozwalają Czytelnikowi zorientować się w postępie w badaniach nad organizacją chromatyny, a także (w połączeniu z opisem samych technik) w wybraniu odpowiednich metod obrazowania na etapie planowania własnych badań.

Zarówno badania neuropsychologiczne na pacjentach, jak i tradycyjne raporty neuroobrazowe od osób zdrowych, pokazują, że kluczowe dla umysłowych obliczeń arytmetycznych obszary mózgu znajdują się w płatach ciemieniowych oraz, co kontrowersyjne, w lewym płacie czołowym. W ostatnich latach kilka publikacji opartych na metodzie magnetoencefalografii oraz elektrokortykografii pokazało ponadto, że obszary krytyczne dla operacji arytmetycznych mogą znajdować się w tylnej części zakrętu skroniowego dolnego prawej lub lewej półkuli. Niektórzy badacze zaczęli je nawet nazywać mózgowymi ?ośrodkami matematyki?. Eksperymenty prowadzone z wykorzystaniem wymienionych metod nie pozwalają jednak na testowanie roli pełnionej przez te obszary mózgu w liczeniu. Udział tych obszarów w procesie liczenia można sprawdzić wykorzystując przezczaszkową stymulację magnetyczną. W metodzie tej trudno jest jednak tak ustawić cewkę do stymulacji, by oddziaływać na kluczowe obszary znajdujące się w brzusznej korze skroniowej. W artykule prezentujemy rezultaty eksperymentu, w którym udało się tego dokonać. Stymulowaliśmy tylny prawy i lewy zakręt skroniowy dolny, podczas gdy badani dokonywali powszednich obliczeń arytmetycznych. Stymulacje te modulowały czasy reakcji osób badanych, choć w różnych kierunkach ? zwalniając je lub przyśpieszając. Zatem, pomimo, że nasze wyniki nie rozstrzygają, czy okolice te pełnią przyczynową rolę w procesie dodawania, np. czy stanowią one poszukiwany od lat ośrodek matematyki, pokazują jednak, że grają one istotną rolę w przetwarzaniu operacji matematycznych.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a common stress factor during the aging process. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) plays a critical role in ER stress; however, its exact function in age-related hearing loss (ARHL) has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of the present study was to identify the role of HSF1 in ARHL. In this study, we demonstrated that the loss of inner and outer hair cells and their supporting cells was predominant in the high-frequency region (basal turn, 32 kHz) in ARHL cochleae. In the aging cochlea, levels of the ER stress marker proteins p-eIF2α and CHOP increased as HSF1 protein levels decreased. The levels of various heat shock proteins (HSPs) also decreased, including HSP70 and HSP40, which were markedly downregulated, and the expression levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 apoptosis-related proteins were increased. However, HSF1 overexpression showed significant hearing protection effects in the high-frequency region (basal turn, 32 kHz) by decreasing CHOP and cleaved caspase-3 and increasing the HSP40 and HSP70 proteins. These findings were confirmed by HSF1 functional studies using an auditory cell model. Therefore, we propose that HSF1 can function as a mediator to prevent ARHL by decreasing ER stress-dependent apoptosis in the aging cochlea.

Background: Considering the anti-inflammatory properties of the Japanese traditional Kampo medicine Boiogito (BO), we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of BO to prevent the development of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in rats with surgically induced KOA. Methods: Destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) was performed to induce osteoarthritis in the right knees of 12-week-old Wistar rats under general anesthesia. The rats were orally administered 3% BO in standard powder chow for 4 weeks after surgery (controls: n = 6; sham group: n = 6; DMM group: n = 5; DMM + BO group: n = 5). During this period, the rotarod test was performed to monitor locomotive function. After 4 weeks, histological assessment was performed on the right knee. Results: Oral administration of BO improved locomotive function in the rotarod test. Walking time on postoperative days 1, 14, or later was significantly longer in the DMM + BO group than in the DMM group. Histologically, the DMM group showed significant progression of KOA, which, in the DMM + BO group, was strongly suppressed, as assessed by the Osteoarthritis Research Society International score. Conclusions: Our results showed that oral administration of BO had a clinically preventive effect on early stage posttraumatic KOA.

The Geometer's Sketchpad (GSP) is a well-known interactive geometry software package. Its usefulness in geometry instruction has been well researched (Choi-Koh 1999; Dixon 1997; Groman 1996; Lester 1996; Moyer 2003; Weaver and Quinn 1999). Finzer and Jackiw (1998) recommend the use of GSP as the dynamic manipulative for geometric concepts. GSP allows students to construct a figure, to perform measurements of lengths and angles, and then to “click and drag” any part or parts of that figure to look for change.

Ramnarain YI, Ori L, Ansari AA. 2017. Evaluation of the use of vermicompost on the crop production of two varieties of Pak choi (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) and on the soil structure in Suriname. Asian J Agric 1: 73-79. The present research was carried out from January to May 2016 at the Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo. The investigation consisted of a field and laboratory study in order to evaluate the effect of vermicompost on crop production of 2 varieties Brassica rapa var. chinensis, white and green Pak choi, nutrient availability in the soil after the use of vermicompost and nutrient value of the crop.The experiment was carried out (completely randomized design) in a greenhouse for six weeks. The treatments were vermicompost (V), cow manure (S), chemical fertilizer (K) and control (C). Plant growth parameters were recorded during the experiment (plant height and number of leaves) and after harvest (root and shoot biomass, leaf area). Nutrient analysis (Ca and Fe) of Pak choi was also conducted followed by pre and post-experiment soil analysis (pH, EC, TOC, N, P, K and C/N ratio). The results were collected and analyzed using Sigma Plot 12.0 tools. In the white Pak choi the number of leaves, root length and weight of fresh plants showed no significant differences among the four treatments using Tukey’s test (P≤0.05). In the green Pak choi the number of leaves and root length showed no significant differences among the four treatments by Tukey’s test (P≤0.05). Furthermore, the soil parameters (pH, OC, N) did not indicate a significant increase or decrease of the elements in the soil. P did decrease significantly and K increase in the treatments in the soil was not relevant.The evaluation of the use of vermicompost on the crop production of 2 varieties of Pak choi (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) proved that the plants treated with vermicompost had similar results as those treated with cow manure and chemical fertilizer.

Abstract. The absolute rate coefficients for the tropospheric reactions of chlorine (Cl) atoms and hydroxyl (OH) radicals with CF3CH2CHO and CF3(CH2)2CHO were measured as a function of temperature (263–371 K) and pressure (50–215 Torr of He) by pulsed UV laser photolysis techniques. Vacuum UV resonance fluorescence was employed to detect and monitor the time evolution of Cl atoms. Laser induced fluorescence was used in this work as a detection of OH radicals as a function of reaction time. No pressure dependence of the bimolecular rate coefficients, kCl and kOH, was found at all temperatures. At room temperature kCl and kOH were (in 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1): kCl(CF3CH2CHO) = (1.55±0.53); kCl(CF3(CH2)2CHO) = (3.39±1.38); kOH(CF3CH2CHO) = (0.259±0.050); kOH(CF3(CH2)2CHO) = (1.28±0.24). A slightly negative temperature dependence of kCl was observed for CF3CH2CHO and CF3(CH2)2CHO, and kOH(CF3CH2CHO). In contrast, kOH(CF3(CH2)2CHO) did not exhibit a temperature dependence in the studied ranged. Arrhenius expressions for these reactions were: kCl(CF3CH2CHO) =(4.4±1.0) × 10−11 exp{−(316±68)/T} cm3 molecule−1 s−1, kCl(CF3(CH2)2CHO) = (2.9±0.7) × 10−10 exp{−625±80)/T} cm3 molecule−1 s−1, kOH(CF3CH2CHO) = (7.8±2.2) × 10−12 exp{−(314±90)/T} cm3 molecule−1 s−1. The atmospheric impact of the homogeneous removal by OH radicals and Cl atoms of these fluorinated aldehydes is discussed in terms of the global atmospheric lifetimes, taking into account different degradation pathways. The calculated lifetimes show that atmospheric oxidation of CF3(CH2)xCHO are globally dominated by OH radicals, however reactions initiated by Cl atoms can act as a source of free radicals at dawn in the troposphere.

ABSTRACTThis article examines the claim recently put forward by Terry Nardin, Kok-Chor Tan, and Carla Bagnoli that humanitarian intervention ought to be conceived, not as an imperfect duty (a duty of assistance to the victims of crimes against humanity left to the discretion of the members of the international community), but—assuming that the permissibility conditions have been satisfied—as a perfect duty (an unconditional obligation demanded by justice). After explaining why such a position can be considered as legitimate, it underlines some of its difficulties and provides the elements of a response in order to overcome them.

Purpose: The aim of this study was measurement of artery intima media thickness (IMT) and plaques as an early indicator of atherosclerosis in diabetics comparing with other risk factors of carotid artery. Methods and Materials: 110 pts: 50 with Diabetes Mellitus, type 1 (25) and type 2 (25), 20 pts with glucose intolerance, 20 pts with type 2 de novo and 20 pts obese without diabetes. Ultrasound examination (using 7.5MHz sound on Toshiba SSA- 270A) end measurement of intima-media ticknes (IMT) were performed on Carotis communis (CCA), bifurcation and distal from bifurcation to a.carotis intern (ACI), expressed in mm. Plaques were correlated with other common factors age, BP, lipid parameters (Chol, HDL, LDL, Triglycerides), smokes, alcoholism and obese (BMI). The authors used 2 test and Spearman?s correlation . Results: The lowest percent of plaques was found in group with type DM 1. The highest percent of plaques was found in type DM 2. Statistically there is highly significant difference between plaques founded on type 2 DM and types 2 DM de novo and on other types. Conclusion: DM is not an independent risk factor for developing of macroangiopathic changes an arterial walls, but their appirience are more presenting in diabetic patients. The highest number of plaques are presenting DM type 2 (29.6%), and after type 2 de novo (26.8%), the next highest position of plaques were in patients with obese but without DM and intolerantio glucosae (IFG+IGT) (17.1%) and type 1 DM (9.8%). Risk factors were presented in following percentage : Obese 80.5% pts; hyperlipidema 53.7% pts; HTA 51.3%; smoking 51.2% pts and alchocholism 2.4% pts. According to these results, all risk factors were included in patophysiology of plack forming except alcoholism. Influences of these risk factors are very importance and their synergic action lids to their rapid appirience and clinical manifestations. DM has specific position in patophisiology of atherosclerosis.

Abstract. The absolute rate coefficients for the tropospheric reactions of chlorine (Cl) atoms and hydroxyl (OH) radicals with CF3CH2CHO and CF3(CH2)2CHO were measured as a function of temperature (263–371 K) and pressure (50–215 Torr of He) by pulsed UV laser photolysis techniques. Vacuum UV resonance fluorescence was employed to detect and monitor the time evolution of Cl atoms. Laser induced fluorescence was used in this work for the detection of OH radicals as a function of reaction time. No pressure dependence of the bimolecular rate coefficients, kCl and kOH, was found at all temperatures. At room temperature kCl and kOH were (in 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1): kCl(CF3CH2CHO) = (1.55±0.53); kCl(CF3(CH2)2CHO) = (3.39±1.38); kCl(CF3CH2CHO) = (0.259±0.050); kCl(CF3(CH2)2CHO) = (1.28±0.24). A slightly positive temperature dependence of kCl was observed for CF3CH2CHO and CF3(CH2)2CHO, and kOH(CF3CH2CHO). In contrast, kOH(CF3(CH2)2CHO) did not exhibit a temperature dependence over the range investigated. Arrhenius expressions for these reactions were: kCl(CF3CH2CHO) = (4.4±1.0)×10−11 exp{−(316±68)/T} cm3 molecule−1 s−1 kCl(CF3(CH2)2CHO) = (2.9±0.7)×10−10 exp{−(625±80)/T} cm3 molecule−1 s−1 kOH(CF3CH2CHO) = (7.8±2.2)×10−12 exp{−(314±90)/T} cm3 molecule−1 s−1 The atmospheric impact of the homogeneous removal by OH radicals and Cl atoms of these fluorinated aldehydes is discussed in terms of the global atmospheric lifetimes, taking into account different degradation pathways. The calculated lifetimes show that atmospheric oxidation of CF3(CH2)x CHO are globally dominated by OH radicals, however reactions initiated by Cl atoms can act as a source of free radicals at dawn in the troposphere.

Una cuestión central que se presenta, en el debate sobre cuestiones de justicia internacional, se refiere a la perspectiva normativa apropiada para tratar las asimetrías abismales de condiciones de vida en el ámbito mundial. Uno de los problemas que han concentrado las atenciones en ese debate es el de determinar si esas asimetrías deben ser consideradas desde la óptica de principios de justicia igualitaria (como sustentan teóricos cosmopolitas como Kok-Chor Tan y Simon Caney) o, de modo alternativo, desde la óptica de un principio de humanitarismo (como sustentan teóricos políticos anticosmopolitas como Michael Walzer, John Rawls y David Miller). La posición que se defiende en este artículo es la de que el orden social y político global implica normas de justicia que, aunque no deban ser concebidas como principios igualitarios, son más exigentes que el humanitarismo.

Political liberals very often appeal to a so-called division of moral labour that separates the regulation of institutions from that of personal conduct. Probably the most famous statement of this idea is found in these remarks from John Rawls: The principles of justice for institutions must not be confused with the principles which apply to individuals and their actions in particular circumstances. These two kinds of principles apply to different subjects and must be discussed separately. (A Theory of Justice, rev. edn. (1999), p. 47) Kok-Chor Tan's excellent new book renews and extends the case for accepting some version of Rawls's view, which Tan calls the ‘institutional focus’ in distributive justice. If Tan is right, then the liberal focus on institutions is not only defensible in its own right, but also helps support further elements of egalitarian theorizing, including some that Rawlsians often reject. In particular, Tan believes that a focus on institutions helps secure a more plausible ‘luck egalitarian’ approach to distributive justice, and that it also supports a version of cosmopolitanism about global justice.

2003 Background: KOS-1584 (9,10-didehydroepothilone D) was discovered as part of a screening program to develop a new generation of epothilones with higher potency and an improved pharmacologic/pharmacokinetic (PK) profile. Epothilones stabilize microtubule polymerization, inducing rapid G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Antitumor activity of KOS-1584 (Chou et al 2003) is approximately 3–12 fold more potent when compared to the structurally related Epothilone D. KOS-1584 demonstrates enhanced tumor tissue penetration and reduced exposure to selected tissues (including CNS). We report the results of the initial dose-escalation trial in which KOS-1584 was administered to pts with advanced solid malignancies. Methods: Define the MTD, toxicity profile and PK of KOS-1584 when administered via 3-hour infusion every 3 weeks. PK was determined after the 1st and 2nd infusion. Pharmacodynamics were assessed by serial sampling of PBMCs for microtubule bundle formation. Results: 27 pts (17 F; median age 60; median ECOG PS 1; median prior regimens 3, range 0–7) enrolled in 8 dose levels (between 0.8 - 11.3 mg/m2). To date, no Cycle 1 DLT has been seen. Toxicities (n=24) did not show obvious dose dependency; common toxicity (Grade 1–2) included gastrointestinal (diarrhea, constipation, nausea), fatigue, and ↑AST. Drug-related Grade 3 toxicity: constipation, fatigue and ↑AST (1 each). Drug-related neurotoxicity was not notable. PK/parent (n=25): t½ 17.7 ± 4.6h, Vz 741±330 L and CL 30.2± 16.5 L/h. At 8.5 mg/m2 Cmax 78 ± 29 ng/mL; AUCtot 631 ± 337 ng*h/mL. Cmax and AUCtot increased linearly with dose over the range tested. Vz is ∼5-fold and t½ 2-fold higher than that of Epothilone D. Dose dependent increases in microtubule bundle formation were observed (8.5 mg/m2: 40–50% at end of infusion, compared to 60–65% for ixabepilone and 50–60% for Epothilone D using the same assay at their phase 2 dose). A sigmoidal Emax model described the relationship between plasma concentration and microtubule bundle formation. Activity consisted of 4 pts with extended stable disease (6 cycles leiomyosarcoma and ovarian cancer; 5 cycles colon cancer; a 2nd patient with ovarian cancer is active at 5 cycles). Of these, 3 had document progressive disease prior to study. Conclusions: Accrual is continuing in order to define the optimal dose on the 3-week regimen. [Table: see text]

Kok-Chor Tan has recently defended a novel theory of egalitarian distributive justice, institutional luck egalitarianism (ILE). On this theory, it is unjust for institutions to favor some individuals over others based on matters of luck. Tan takes his theory to preserve the intuitive appeal of luck egalitarianism while avoiding what he regards as absurd implications that face other versions of luck egalitarianism. Despite the centrality of the concept of institutional influence to his theory, Tan never spells out precisely what it means for an inequality to be produced by an institution. In this paper, I consider different conceptions of institutional influence that ILE might employ. It appears that however this concept is construed, ILE has serious problems. On some conceptions, the luck egalitarian character of the theory is undermined. On others, the theory gives rise to precisely the sorts of absurd implications facing other versions of luck egalitarianism that Tan takes his theory to avoid.

Autor tego artykułu dokonuje analizy tekstów, w których św. Paweł pisze na temat ofiary krzyżowej Chrystusa. W Ga 2, 19–20 Apostoł przedstawia miłość Chrystusa jako istotną cechę Jego natury i sugeruje, że ta miłość wyraziła się w konkretnym, historycznym wydaniu siebie w ofierze. W Rz 5, 7–8 stwierdza, że jedynym motywem ofiary zbawczej, którą z woli Ojca złożył z siebie Syn Boży, jest miłość heroiczna, która wyraża się w śmierci za grzeszników. Choć w starożytności krzyż był narzędziem śmierci najbardziej hańbiącej i poniżającej, w Ga 6, 14 Paweł pisze, że chlubi się krzyżem Jezusa Chrystusa, zaś w 1 Kor 1, 24 dodaje, że Chrystus ukrzyżowany jest „mocą Bożą i mądrością Bożą”. W Ga 3, 13 Paweł postrzega stan ludzkości obciążonej przekleństwem grzechu jako niewolę, z której Chrystus wyzwolił ją przez swą ofiarę złożoną na drzewie krzyża, gdyż na nim dobrowolnie wziął na siebie to przekleństwo, które prowadziło ludzkość do potępienia. Dalsze pogłębienie teologicznej refleksji nad rolą krzyża w zbawczym dziele Boga znajduje się w Ef 2, 13–16 i Kol 1, 19–20. Autor tych tekstów uznaje krew Chrystusa przelaną na krzyżu za narzędzie pojednania oraz wprowadzenia w świecie pojednania i pokoju.

Biblia, „wielki kod” jak nazywa ją Norman Frye jest niewyczerpanym zbiorem wielkich obrazów symbolicznych oraz źródłem norm etycznych. Ten aspekt pedagogiczny Biblii zarysowuje się z wielką siłą w autobiograficznej powieści Franz i François autorstwa Françoisa Weyergansa. Powieść Weyergansa to nie tylko utwór o trudnych relacjach ojca i syna lecz również pretekst do stworzenia specyficznej przestrzeni narracyjnej, w której bohater, François, podejmuje dialog z Biblią (ukazaną poprzez system intertekstualnych odniesień) oraz (co wydaje się niezwykle ważne) ze swoistymi interpretacjami tychże, dokonywanymi przez swojego ojca, Franza, twórcy powieści katolickich. Biorąc pod uwagę niezwykle polemiczny charakter tego dialogu, celem zaproponowanej analizy nie jest systematyczna prezentacja wszystkich zasygnalizowanych w powieści kontekstów biblijnych, lecz raczej próba przedstawienia kilku sytuacji egzystencjalnych z życia Françoisa, w których Biblia i jej wykładnia zaproponowana przez ojca, stają się ważnym, (choć nie zawsze bezkrytycznie akceptowanym) punktem odniesienia w kształtowaniu się osobowości chłopca. Wbrew intencjom ojca, François, oddala się od wartości biblijnych. Klęska pedagogiczna ojca czy Biblii? Z pewnością ostrzeżenie przeciwko zbyt pochopnej i egzaltowanej, w formie i treści, egzegezie biblijnej dokonywanej przez ojca-pisarza, prowadzącej do zaburzeń emocjonalnych Françoisa oraz do dyskredytacji, wartości biblijnych w oczach chłopca.

Latar Belakang : Dislipidemia merupakan gangguan metabolisme lipoprotein yang salah satunya ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar kolesterol total yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya aterosklerosis. Jahe merah mengandung flavonoid dan polifenol memiliki efek hipokolesterol dapat menekan aktivitas enzim HMG-KoA reduktase sehingga dapat mengurangi biosintesis kolesterol total. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian jahe merah terhadap kadar kolesterol total wanita dislipidemia.Metode : Jenis penelitian ini adalah true experimental dengan rancangan control group pre test – post test. Subjek adalah wanita usia 30-50 tahun yang memiliki kadar kolesterol total sebesar 200–249 mg/dl. Kelompok dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan dengan 15 subjek tiap kelompok. Kelompok perlakuan diberikan minuman jahe merah sebanyak 3,2 ml/kg BB per hari dan kelompok kontrol diberikan sirup rendah kalori 25 ml dengan penambahan air 200 ml selama 21 hari. Kadar kolesterol total dianalisis dengan metode Cholesterol Oxidase Phenol Aminoantipyrin (CHOD-PAP). Uji normalitas data menggunakan Saphiro-wilk. Analisis statistik menggunakan dependent t-test, independent t-test , Mann Whitney dan uji Pearson.Hasil : minuman jahe merah sebanyak 3,2 ml/kg BB per hari selama 21 hari dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total dari 226,0 ± 14,19 mg/dl menjadi 206,46 ± 15,15 mg/dl (p=0.00). Sedangkan kelompok kontrol terdapat kenaikan kolesterol total dari 223,2 ± 12,27 menjadi 235,13 ± 29,43 (p=0.09).Simpulan : Pemberian minuman jahe merah sebanyak 3,2 ml/kg BB per hari selama 21 hari dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total secara signifikan.

Este estudo visa avaliar a riqueza, a densidade, a diversidade específica e a distribuição da comunidade de Chlorococcales s.l. em zonas pelágicas e litorâneas de diferentes hábitats aquáticos (lagoas isoladas, lagoas interligadas, banhados, açudes e arroios) em dois hidroperíodos (águas altas e baixas) em região subtropical no sul do Brasil. As amostragens de fitoplâncton foram realizadas em duas áreas, situadas entre as coordenadas 30(0)40´ - 30(0)10´ S e 50(0)30´ - 51(0)31´W no ano de 2003, com a obtenção simultânea de dados de temperatura, condutividade, pH, transparência e profundidade da água. Os resultados revelaram que as médias de riqueza e de diversidade específica foram maiores na zona litorânea e significativamente maiores (p<0,02) nos banhados, em relação aos outros hábitats. As médias de densidade foram também significativamente maiores nos banhados (p<0,03), no período de águas baixas (p<0,04) e em mais altas temperaturas de água (>24°C). Dentre os táxons observados, Desmodesmus heteracanthus (Guerr.) Hentschke et Torgan, D. lunatus (W. et G. S. West) Hegew. e Monoraphidium griffithii (Berk.) Kom-Legn., mostraram-se indicadoras de hábitats e D. armatus (Chod.) Hegew., D. denticulatus (Lagerh.) An, Friedl et Hegew. e D. lunatus foram indicadoras de hidroperíodo. Este estudo demonstra a importância do hábitat e do hidroperíodo, na estrutura da comunidade de Chlorococcales s.l.

Latar Belakang : Hiperlipidemia merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya penyakit jantung dan pembuluh darah. Angkak mengandung Monakolin K, yaitu metabolit sekunder yang dapat menghambat kerja enzim HMG-KoA reduktase sehingga menghambat sintesis kolesterol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian angkak (Red Yeast Rice) terhadap kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida pada wanita penderita hiperlipidemia. Metode : Jenis penelitian adalah true experiment dengan rancangan control group pre test – post test. Subjek adalah 38 wanita hiperlipidemia dengan kadar kolesterol total ≥200 mg/dl dan atau kadar trigliserida ≥150mg/dl, kelompok perlakuan mendapat 4.8 g/hari angkak dan kelompok kontrol mendapat plasebo. Intervensi dilakukan selama 14 hari. Metode CHOD-PAP digunakan untuk menganalisis kadar kolesterol total dan metode GPO-PAP digunakan untuk menganalisis kadar trigliserida, darah diambil setelah subyek berpuasa selama 10 jam. Uji normalitas menggunakan Shapiro Wilk. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji dependent t-test, Wilcoxon, independent t-test dan Mann Whitney.Hasil : Rerata kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida sebelum intervensi kelompok perlakuan berturut-turut yaitu 227,52 mg/dl dan 166,57 mg/dl. Rerata kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida setelah intervensi kelompok perlakuan berturut-turut yaitu 234.31 mg/dl dan 123.36 mg/dl. Konsumsi angkak dengan dosis 4.8 g/hari tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar kolesterol total (p=0.370) dan trigliserida (p=0.099). Tidak ada perbedaan kadar kolesterol total (p=0.442) dan trigliserida (p=0.447) antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan. Kesimpulan : Konsumsi angkak tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida pada wanita penderita hiperlipidemia. Tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida antara kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan.

In his book Toleration, Diversity, and Global Justice, Kok-Chor Tan challengesthe realist tradition's popularity and its assumption that the state ofnature is essentially immoral. Instead, he points to the growing role of internationalgovernment organizations ( e.g., the UN and the EU), which he statesindicate morality's global predominance. Centered on the premise of liberalism'sprimacy- as an ideology and a practice- the book focuses on the philosophicaltensions among liberals in terms of liberalism's meaning and scope.Two questions domjnate his analysis: First, what are the limits of liberaltoleration, and should liberal states tolerate or criticize nonliberal statesin the name of furthering liberalism? Second, is liberalism, based on theidea of individualism, compatible with collectivist cultures or societies?Within this context, the author examines liberalism's domestic and globalconsequences. Tan notes that if a society is formatted along the parametersof liberalism, then toleration and individualism compliment each other.However, as such compatibility does not exist in nonliberal states, the questionbecomes one of liberals' morality and responsibility in terms ofwhether such non liberal states should be tolerated.By posing this question, it appears that the author is alluding to theimplications of liberalism in the international front, namely, whether liberalstates have the jurisdiction to intervene in nonliberal states' matters ofdomestic jurisdiction. Another question is whether such intervention - indefense of individualism, morality, and autonomy - contradicts the veryessence of liberalism, namely, its commitment to autonomy even for nonliberalstates. The author phrases the question slightly differently by askingwhether liberalism's emphasis on autonomy (defined in individual terms)defines the limits of tolerating non liberal states.ln addressing the questions surrounding the moral imperative of liberalsvis-a-vis nonliberal societies and states, Tan distinguishes between twokinds of liberalism: political liberalism with an overriding emphasis on toleration(acceptance), and a comprehensive liberalism with an overridingemphasis on autonomy and individualism. In other words, those politicalliberals restrict their concerns only to those "uncontroversial concerns ofsociety." Instead, the concern is on the design of political institutions and, ...

Objectives The paradoxical migration of the femoral neck element (FNE) superomedially against gravity, with respect to the intramedullary component of the cephalomedullary device, is a poorly understood phenomenon increasingly seen in the management of pertrochanteric hip fractures with the intramedullary nail. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of bidirectional loading on the medial migration phenomenon, based on unique wear patterns seen on scanning electron microscopy of retrieved implants suggestive of FNE toggling. Methods A total of 18 synthetic femurs (Sawbones, Vashon Island, Washington) with comminuted pertrochanteric fractures were divided into three groups (n = 6 per group). Fracture fixation was performed using the Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA) implant (Synthes, Oberdorf, Switzerland; n = 6). Group 1 was subjected to unidirectional compression loading (600 N), with an elastomer (70A durometer) replacing loose fracture fragments to simulate surrounding soft-tissue tensioning. Group 2 was subjected to bidirectional loading (600 N compression loading, 120 N tensile loading), also with the elastomer replacing loose fracture fragments. Group 3 was subjected to bidirectional loading (600 N compression loading, 120 N tensile loading) without the elastomer. All constructs were tested at 2 Hz for 5000 cycles or until cut-out occurred. The medial migration distance (MMD) was recorded at the end of the testing cycles. Results The MMDs for Groups 1, 2, and 3 were 1.02 mm, 6.27 mm, and 5.44 mm respectively, with reliable reproduction of medial migration seen in all groups. Bidirectional loading groups showed significantly higher MMDs compared with the unidirectional loading group (p < 0.01). Conclusion Our results demonstrate significant contributions of bidirectional cyclic loading to the medial migration phenomenon in cephalomedullary nail fixation of pertrochanteric hip fractures. Cite this article: G. W. Law, Y. R. Wong, A. K-S. Yew, A. C. T. Choh, J. S. B. Koh, T. S. Howe. Medial migration in cephalomedullary nail fixation of pertrochanteric hip fractures: A biomechanical analysis using a novel bidirectional cyclic loading model. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:313–322. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.87.BJR-2018-0271.R1.

AbstrakMasyarakat akhir-akhir ini cenderung memilih minyak sawit sebagai bahan penggoreng, hal ini mungkin karena harganya lebih murah dan mudah didapat dibandingkan minyak lain. Pemakain MS oleh masyarakat biasanya untuk bahan penggoreng bahan makanan. Minyak sawit mengandung asam lemak jenuh dan asam lemak tidak jenuh yang hampir seimbang, asam lemak jenuh meningkatkan lemak darah dan asam lemak tidak jenuh dikatakan dapat menurunkan lemak darah. Asam lemak tidak jenuh disisi lain mudah dioksidasi dengan pemanasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat perbedaan pengaruh diet tinggi minyak sawit segar dan jelantah minyak sawit terhadap lemak darah dan TNF-α.Sudah dilakukan pemberian diet tinggi minyak sawit (50%) pada tikus Wistar selama 8 minggu secara adlibitum. Pengukuran kadar kolesterol total, HDL-kol dan trigliserida melalui serum darah dengan alat spectrophotometer dan pemeriksaan TNF-α darah dengan cara ELISA.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat peninggian kadar lemak (trigliserida dan kolesterol total) dan TNF-α darah bermakna (p<0,05) pada tikus diet tinggi minyak sawit segar ataupun minyak jelantah bila dibandingkan dengan kontrol namun peninggian lemak dan TNF-α oleh minyak jelantah lebih tinggi bermakna bila dibandingkan dengan minyak sawit segar. Kadar kolesterol darah tikus DMS lebih rendah dari kelompok kontrol positif.Kesimpulan; diet tinggi minyak sawit segar dan minyak jelantah pada tikus dapat meningkatkan kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida dan TNF-α secara bermakna dibandingkan kontrol, sedangkan peningkatan oleh minyak jelantah lebih tinggi bermakna dari minyak sawit segar.Kata kunci : diet tinggi minyak sawit, lemak darah, TNF-αAbstractSociety these days tend to prefer palm oil as raw roaster, this is probably because the price is cheap and easily available than other oils. MS usage by the community generally to material food fryer. Palm oil contains saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids are nearly balanced, saturated fatty acids increase blood fats and unsaturated fatty acid is said to lower blood fats. Unsaturated fatty acids on the other hand easily oxidized by heating. This study aims to look atARTIKEL PENELITIAN71differences in the influence of a diet high in fresh palm oil and palm oil used cooking oil on blood lipid and TNF-α. Already done giving a diet high in palm oil (50%) in Wistar rats for 8 weeks in adlibitum. Measurement of total cholesterol, HDL-Chol and triglycerides through the blood serum with a spectrophotometer and checking blood TNF-α by ELISA. The results showed there were elevated levels of fats (triglycerides and total cholesterol) and blood TNF-α significantly (p <0.05) in mice a diet high in fresh palm oil or used cooking oil when compared with controls but the elevation of fat and TNF-α by used cooking oil significantly higher when compared with fresh palm oil. DMS rat blood cholesterol levels lower than the positive control group. Conclusion: a diet high in fresh palm oil and used cooking oil in rats can increase total cholesterol, triglycerides and TNF-α significantly compared to controls, whereas the used cooking oil increased by significantly higher than fresh palm oil.Key words : high diet palm oil, blood lipid, TNF-α

In his well-written and well-argued paper ‘International Toleration: Rawlsian versus Cosmopolitan’, Kok-Chor Tan raises the important question as to where the limits of toleration are to be drawn. This is an important issue not only from the perspective of international law, but also for any domestic society. Toleration is never an automatic element or quality of any society, but has to be defended against the ever present danger of intolerance and repression. This is especially the case in the post-9/II era with regard to Islam, as it is not always easy to separate serious analysis of this religion from outright prejudices against its believers. With regard to Islamic minorities, the present attitude of some ‘Western’ majorities does not always reflect an attitude of respect, although this is not often admitted. It is not argued that Islamic minorities and other immigrants should adapt to the culture of the majorities because minorities have to give in to majorities on the basis of democracy; instead, it is claimed that Western majorities live in accordance with universal values. As Western societies have incorporated universal values formulated for the first time in the age of Enlightenment, they can rightly require from immigrants and minorities that they give up part of their values and identities without any real loss on their side. In forcing immigrants to adapt to Western values, majorities are merely liberating them from outdated particularistic codes and worldviews, thus enabling them to be free in accordance with truly universal values. This, obviously, is a peculiar way of understanding the Enlightenment, not with Kant as a perpetual challenge (‘we do not live in an enlightened age, but in an age of enlightenment’), but as something that is achieved and stably embodied in ‘our’ Western societies. Immigrants and minority members can reasonably be asked to identify with such societies. Although such a demand to assimilate might at first glance be seen as testifying to intolerance, in reality this is not the case. Why should we allow others to live in error? In the face of truth, toleration is a superfluous virtue. It goes almost without saying that this view, which is deemed by some as Enlightenment fundamentalism, contradicts the spirit with which Locke and Spinoza in the seventeenth century proclaimed the superior value of tolerance. They argued that all religions claim for themselves to be the one and only true religion and that the best attitude among the contenders of different beliefs would be one of tolerance: nobody can prove convincingly to the other side of the religious divide the truth of his own religion and the falseness of all other religions; and since ‘no man can conform his faith to the dictates of another (since) all the life and the power of true religion consists in the inward and full persuasion of the mind’ (Locke), the use of earthly powers is inappropriate and unjust.

The achievement of children's quality of life is undoubtedly linked to the development of positive habits that will continue to be practiced in future lives. This can be done by developing awareness and behavior of a balanced clean and healthy lifestyle. The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in the PHBS ability of children. Various efforts have been made so that children with intellectual disabilities can maintain their cleanliness. The efforts made by the teacher are still not maximal so that the delivery of information about PHBS must be completed by another method, namely demonstration. This research was conducted at SDLB 127710 Pematangsiantar5 with an action research method that refers to the Kurt Lewin model. Data collection techniques used purposive sampling and data analysis with the Wilcoxon test. The results showed an increase in understanding of the PHBS of children with intellectual disabilities able to learn SDLB 127710 Pematangsiantar through the demonstration method. This is evidenced by the increase in the score, where the initial assessment was obtained (59%), while in the first cycle, the average score was good (69.9%). In short, the understanding of children with intellectual disabilities being able to learn about PHBS is increased by using the demonstration method. Keywords: Intellectual Disability Children, PHBS program, Demonstration methods References Agarwal, R. (2017). Importancia de la atención primaria de salud en la sociedad. International Journal of Health Sciences, 1(1), 5–9. Aiello, A. E., Coulborn, R. M., Perez, V., & Larson, E. L. (2008). Effect of hand hygiene on infectious disease risk in the community setting: A meta-analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 98(8), 1372–1381. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2007.124610 Arip, M. pdfo., & Emilyani, D. (2018). Strategy to improve knowledge, attitude, and skill toward clean and healthy life behaviour. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(3), 125–135. https://doi.org/10.29332/ijssh.v2n3.222 Basheer, A., Hugerat, M., Kortam, N., & Hofstein, A. (2017). The effectiveness of teachers’ use of demonstrations for enhancing students’ understanding of and attitudes to learning the oxidation-reduction concept. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(3), 555–570. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00632a Bloomfield, S. F., Aiello, A. E., Cookson, B., O’Boyle, C., & Larson, E. L. (2007). The effectiveness of hand hygiene procedures in reducing the risks of infections in home and community settings including handwashing and alcohol-based hand sanitizers. American Journal of Infection Control, 35(10 SUPPL. 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2007.07.001 Cavanaugh, L. K. (n.d.). Intellectual Disabilities (D. L. Porretta (Ed.); 6 th). 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Impact of Teaching Strategies: Demonstration and Lecture Strategies and Impact of Teacher Effect on Academic Achievement in Engineering Education. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 14(3), 174–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/09751122.2016.11890491 Hooman, N., Safaii, A., Valavi, E., & Amini-Alavijeh, Z. (2013). Toilet training in Iranian children: A cross-sectional study. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics, 23(2), 154–158. Hung, J.-W., Chang, Y.-J., & Han, W.-Y. (2016). Game technology to increase range of motion for adolescents with cerebral palsy: a feasibility study. International Journal on Disability and Human Development, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.1515/ijdhd-2016-0026 Kang, Y. S., & Chang, Y. J. (2019). Using a motion-controlled game to teach four elementary school children with intellectual disabilities to improve hand hygiene. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 32(4), 942–951. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12587 Kementerian, & Indonesia, R. (2011). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia. Kemenenterian Kesehatan RI. Kesehatan, K. (2011). PHBS di Sekolah. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Ketut Sudiana, I., Adiputra, N., & Budi Adnyana, P. (2020). Integrative Health Thematic Strategy Increases Learning Outcomes and Students ’Clean and Healthy Living Behaviors. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1503(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1503/1/012050 Koh, W. M., Bogich, T., Siegel, K., Jin, J., Chong, E. Y., Tan, C. Y., Chen, M. I. C., Horby, P., & Cook, A. R. (2016). The epidemiology of hand, foot and mouth disease in Asia: A systematic review and analysis. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 35(10), e285–e300. https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000001242 Kroeger, K., & Sorensen, R. (2010). A parent training model for toilet training children with autism. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54(6), 556–567. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01286.x Laporan Akuntabilitas Kinerja Kementerian Kesehatan tahun 2014. (n.d.). Lee, R. L. T., & Lee, P. H. (2014). To evaluate the effects of a simplified hand washing improvement program in schoolchildren with mild intellectual disability: A pilot study. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 35(11), 3014–3025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.07.016 Lee, R. L. T., Leung, C., Tong, W. K., Chen, H., & Lee, P. H. (2015). Comparative efficacy of a simplified handwashing program for improvement in hand hygiene and reduction of school absenteeism among children with intellectual disability. American Journal of Infection Control, 43(9), 907–912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2015.03.023 Levato, L. E., Aponte, C. A., Wilkins, J., Travis, R., Aiello, R., Zanibbi, K., Loring, W. A., Butter, E., Smith, T., & Mruzek, D. W. (2016). Use of urine alarms in toilet training children with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A review. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 53–54, 232–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2016.02.007 Noah Ekeyi, D. (2013). 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The pandemic of COVID-19 has afflicted every individual and has initiated a cascade of directly or indirectly involved events in precipitating mental health issues. The human species is a wanderer and hunter-gatherer by nature, and physical social distancing and nationwide lockdown have confined an individual to physical isolation. The present review article was conceived to address psychosocial and other issues and their aetiology related to the current pandemic of COVID-19. The elderly age group has most suffered the wrath of SARS-CoV-2, and social isolation as a preventive measure may further induce mental health issues. Animal model studies have demonstrated an inappropriate interacting endogenous neurotransmitter milieu of dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, and opioids, induced by social isolation that could probably lead to observable phenomena of deviant psychosocial behavior. Conflicting and manipulated information related to COVID-19 on social media has also been recognized as a global threat. Psychological stress during the current pandemic in frontline health care workers, migrant workers, children, and adolescents is also a serious concern. Mental health issues in the current situation could also be induced by being quarantined, uncertainty in business, jobs, economy, hampered academic activities, increased screen time on social media, and domestic violence incidences. The gravity of mental health issues associated with the pandemic of COVID-19 should be identified at the earliest. Mental health organization dedicated to current and future pandemics should be established along with Government policies addressing psychological issues to prevent and treat mental health issues need to be developed. References World Health Organization (WHO) Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. 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For an hour on 27 May 2015, six C.N. Yang scholars from Nanyang Technological University had the privilege of conducting an informal discussion with Prof. Yang. Coming from different faculties and subject groups, the students represented the spectrum of subject areas that were influenced by Prof Yang's work. Centring on the topics of inspiration and research, Prof. Yang, accompanied by Prof. Choo Hiap Oh (Professor, Department of Physics, National University of Singapore) and Prof. Kok Khoo Phua (Director, Institute of Advanced Studies, Nanyang Technological University), dispensed advice with some humour.

Introduction: Insomnia is the subject of a public health concern as it has affected the quality of life of millions of people. It has found to adversely influence physical, mental and social health as well as professional life. Globally, 37% of the adult population experience insomnia. There are many pharmacological, non-pharmacological and complementary and alternative measures to treat insomnia. Pranic Healing, the growing complementary energy medicine in the health care realm developed by Master Choa Kok Sui was used to describe its effectiveness in the healing of Insomnia. Methods: Case series study was applied to present the findings of two Nepalese adults being treated with insomnia with Pranic Healing. In this modality of energy medicine, treatment was done by assessing, cleansing and energizing the state of aura and energy level in the different energy centers through the rhythmic hand movement. Results: Cases were suffering from insomnia for more than a month which led them into stress, fatigue, irritation, and inefficiency. Pranic Healing therapy found that the over-activation of their Basic and Solar Plexus chakras were the immediate cause of insomnia. Pranic healer cleansed, energized and balanced their chakras with vital life energy or Prana for two healing episodes. Even today, both of the cases were found to have deep nocturnal sleep with active and efficient life. Conclusions: Pranic Healing, complementary therapy is effective in healing insomnia and in promoting, maintaining and restoring the health of people. However, large and controlled studies can be done to further analyze the effectiveness of Pranic Healing by upcoming researchers. Keywords: Pranic Healing, Insomnia, Master Choa Kok Sui, Nepal

I begyndelsen af 2020 var Kina epicenteret for covid-19, hvorfra virussen hurtigt spredte sig til resten af verden. Pandemien kom som et chok for de uforberedte stater og for deres befolkninger, der hurtigt måtte se deres hverdag underlagt restriktioner i vari erende grad. På den ene side blev sundhedsmyndighedernes udstukne retningslinjer mødt med velvilje og samarbejde, og på den anden side opstod der hurtigt uenigheder både internt imellem og på tværs af borgere, interessegrupper og politiske partier. Man så også, jo længere krisen trak ud, i stigende grad voldelige sammenstød mellem grupper af borgere og myndigheder. I første fase var nogle staters reaktion at afvise virussens tilstedeværelse i deres lande. Andre var langsomme med at få igangsat initiativer, der kunne reducere smitten, mens enkelte lande til gengæld hurtigt indførte forholdsregler i forsøget på at forhindre et større udbrud.

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O cisto dentígero é um cisto odontogênico que é classificado como de desenvolvimento. Normalmente, está relacionado à coroa de um dente incluso, sendo um dos cistos odontogênicos mais frequentes nos ossos gnáticos. Na maioria das vezes é diagnosticado em pacientes entre a segunda e a terceira década de vida, com grande ocorrência em terceiros molares inferiores e caninos superiores. Clinicamente, apresenta evolução lenta, assintomática e pode causar discreta deformidade facial, deslocamento de dentes e alterações de estruturas na região. Radiograficamente, os cistos dentígeros são descritos como lesões radiolúcidas bem delimitadas e uniloculares. Na maioria dos casos, são observados em exames de rotina ou durante a pesquisa da causa da não erupção de um dente permanente. Apesar da singularidade clínica de cada caso, o prognóstico dessa lesão é favorável. 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