Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chrétiens – Rome'
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Inglebert, Hervé. "Les chrétiens et l'histoire de la patrie romaine : les interpretations chrétiennes de l'histoire romaine en Occident au IIIème - Vème siècles." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100136.
Full textThe christian authors of late antiquity reinterpreled the history of rome thanks to jewish and Greco-Roman heritage. The johannic tradition was taken up by Hippolytus of Rome and Commodianus, Paul's tradition by Cyprian and some ascetics. But the influence of classical conceptions of roman history was more important. The first conception, the "urban" one, praised the republican era and the conquests of the city. The second one, "Greek", gave pride of place to the imperial monarchy, which had brought about peace, prosperity and roman citizenship. The third one, "latin", exalted the republic-apart from the conquesting wars-and the princedom, which guaranted concord and well-being. The officail history was "urban" and pagan. In the third century, in spite of being christian romans, origen and eusebius of caesarea assumed a chjristian "greek" position, bringing the incarnation and the augustean government together. The Christians of Africda, from Tertullian to Lactantius, took up the "latin" conception, comparing martyrs to republican heroes. In the fourth century, Firmicus Maternus, Optatus of Milevis and Rufinus of Aquileia took up eusebius' ideas. But Jerome, ambrose and prudentius reconcilied the "greek" conceptions and the latin culture. And pope’s liberius and damasus offered a christian "urban" history of the city of the apostles, so as to refuse the ecclesiastical role of the emperor or the bishop of constantinople. In the fith century, despite the invasion orosius defended eusebius' imperial model. But Guodvultdeus and Hydatius concluded from the destruction of the roman orthodox empire that it was the end of the world. Augustine made a distinction between the futures of celestial and terrestrial cities, and was able to conceive a human destingy wihout the Roman Empire. Prosper of Aquitaine and lep the great reasserted that christian Rome followed the Rome of the Caesars, the extinction of pagnaism enabled sidonius apollinaris to take up the historical and cultural "urban" heritage
Pergola, Philippe. "Les cimetières chrétiens de Rome depuis leurs origines jusqu'au 9e siècle : le cas du Praedium Domitillae et de la catacombe anonyme sur la via Ardeatina." Aix-Marseille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX10037.
Full textThe catacomb of domitilla is the wider and more homogeneous complex of the christian underground rome. More than sixty thousand burials, members of all social classes, followed one another since the beginning of the third century ot the mid fifth century a. D. A global study allows to define the different phases and the articulation of the catacomb. The analysis of the topography, the architecture, the epigraphy and the paintings replace this complex among the most exhaustive evidences of the late antiquity in rome. The catacomb expand from seven small hypogea (each one holding four to four hundred burials), both pagan or christian, independent, but which galleries wich will be connected each other, between the mid third and the mid fourth century, and will became the widest christian necropolis of rome together with the calixtus catacombs. A dossier on the cult of the martyrs venerated in the catacomb between the fourth and the ninth century and on the monumental changes wich caracterized the cult allows to understand thoroughly the relations between the catacomb and the three aisles basilica (iv-v c. ) and to examine the nature of this veneration during the early medieval times
Poinsotte, Jean-Michel. "Un témoignage sur la polémique antijuive des chrétiens au IIIe siècle : les poèmes de Commodien." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040159.
Full textDidactic purpose and polemic activity are traditionally linked with the ancient Latin poetry: this double vocation can be found in the writings (instructions and apologetic poem) of the first Christian Latin poet, commodianus, in the middle of the third century living in an apocalyptic atmosphere, he teaches his heathen and Christian brethren by criticizing idolatry, Judaism, and the shameful behavior of the Christians themselves. Though almost always indirect, his anti-Judaic polemics is scathing, and it takes a prominent part in the poem. Commodianus'themes are consonant with the polemic tradition which set up one century before: because of their wrong cruel, conceited, impious "nature", the Jews are rejected - for ever, as commodianus thinks, and the gentiles called on. To base his arguments on an indisputable ground, the poet most of the time takes his stand on the Old Testament (prophets and psalms), through a book of testimonia, identical with the collection Cyprian, bishop of cartage, used
Wanegffelen, Thierry. "Des chrétiens entre Rome et Genève : une histoire de choix religieux en France, vers 1520-vers 1610." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010696.
Full textFrom 1520 up to 1580, western christianity was split by the two competing protestant and catholic reformations. Each camp set up its own church which pretended to be universal, yet this denominational settlement (konfessionsbildung) was too quick to be fully acceptable by all christians (it hardly covered a life-span). Neither the history of churches nor a history of doctrines have so far properly insisted on the existence of a distinctive via media advocated by a number of contemporaries. This approach rests on a history of religious sensibility, and a number of individual cases emerge. Four groups of people were involved at the time : nicodemites, moyenneurs, temporiseurs et ireniques. The nicodemites (in particular Marguerite de Navarre and her confessor, Gérard Roussel) and the middle-of-the-road moyenneurs (Claude D’Espense, cardinal Charles de Lorraine, Charles du Moulin, Jean de Monluc and Michel de L'Hospital. . . ) Lived in the fir st half of the sixteenth century, prior to the 1550-60 turning point. They could still regard themselves as catholic, though it was increasingly difficult to avoid denominational commitment. The irenics (especially the protestant jean hotman de villiers and the catholic pierre de l'estoile) only paid lip service to religious allegiance, while the delaying temporiseurs (Hugues Sureau du Rosier, and some inhabitants of troyes in champagne and lectoure in gascony) tri ed to postpone their choice indefinitely in the 1560s-1580s. This study questions received denominational interpretation s, by introducing new, hitherto unexplored distinctions between catholicism and the catholic reformation. In tum, it ope ns, new perspectives on the conversion of Henri IV, seventeenth-century arminianism and jansenism, not ot forget later deism in the age of the enlightement
Chamignon, Christiane. "Juifs et chrétiens sous le Haut Empire romain vus par les romanciers contemporains." Paris 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA030112.
Full textIn order to study in a comparative way, out of thrity different contemporary novels we have been proposed and according to the current historical knowledge, the life of the jexs and the christians, the relationships between them, with the pagans, with the political power, in the late roman empire, we proceeded as follows. First we performed an historical research along the lines of the topics raised in the novels and then we successively studied christ and post-evangelical period novels whose plots take place in the reign of the julio-claudians, the flavians, the antonians and which, more or less - deal with the evolution of the jew question in palestine and in the diaspora and the christianity expansion in the late roman empire. Our conclusion states that these so called historical novels have two instigators, namely "history" and the "new testament" but the different authors having different purposes, romantic means often overtake the hisporical truth
Bélanger, Steeve. "La construction d'une conscience identitaire chrétienne du Ier au IIe siècle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28683/28683.pdf.
Full textAchim, Irina Adriana. "La basilique chrétienne en Illyricum : l'architecture cultuelle entre l'Orient et l'Occident : le cas des provinces de l'Illyricum du Nord-Est comparé à celui des provinces du Bas-Danube." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010505.
Full textFourmond, Catherine. "Recherches sur la topographie chrétienne des cités de l'Afrique antique (à l'exception de Carthage)." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040148.
Full textIn order to understand the topography of Christian buildings within Towns of North Africa in Late Antiquity, we chose, on the basis of archeological informations, to point to practical and daily life of the Christian or Christian community. Since then, many questions came up : what process leads to the decision and how is the location chosen within the urban network ? Did the Christian community have the opportunity of such a choice ? What could be the practical implications of its devotional life ? Could the churches built in such locations be in harmony with Christian worship so as to contribute to its blooming ? and so on and so forth. Apparently churches did not change drastically the urban environment except in their very premices and even so in a quite neutral way. Thus, for example, if a church is built on a street, we can consider that it comes to alters the urban organisation. On the other hand, when it re-uses an old building such as a temple or thermae, neglected or inactive, we noticed that the implantation was taking place inside the building whereas most of the time the ouside appearance was left untouched : then the city's image was respected in its monumental components. According to a certain number of observations set out from this research, it finaly occurs to us that though christianism settled in the heart of urban daily life, for it does not mean necessarily a concern for ostentatious visibility or systematic search for an " architecture of power ". On the opposite it gives us the impression that Christian's presence is deeply rooted in daily life just as the other inhabitants of the city they fully belonged to
Bodin, Ariane. "Les manifestations sociales de l’être-chrétien en Italie et en Afrique romaine : début du IVe siècle-fin du VIe siècle." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100128.
Full textThe approach of this dissertation is based not on the Christian community but on social history, and focuses on the issues of “Methodological individualism”, of which individuals form the social dynamics between the beginning of the 4th century and the end of the 6th century. Based on a sample of 198 individuals from Italy and Roman Africa, this thesis highlights the social manifestations of the Christian-Being by studying the Christians’s ways of doing, believing and saying, grouped together in what we have called their Christianess, according to the neologism das Christlichkeit coined by F. Nietzsche. In this dissertation, the author carried out the analysis of primary sources highlighting the faith of the Christians, which helped him to draw up a classification, comprising four different actions and two forms of expression. Primary actions are those deemed to be typically Christian, since this kind of behavior cannot be found in this form in any other religions of the Roman World. Secondary actions are those which already existed in the Roman Society, and are re-Used by Christians. Social actions deal with the networks of the faithful Christians, and lastly militant actions demonstrate the ability of Christians to stand up for their beliefs. The fellow Christians express their faith into two different ways, in writing and with their body. Two main parts compose this dissertation, made up of eight chapters, entitled - in order of appearance - as follows : “The Christians and the World. Living as a Christian in the roman society”and “The Christians, the Clerics and the Church”
Kaabia, Ridha. "Polémique chrétienne anti-paienne et épigraphie en Afrique romaine." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100039.
Full textAfter defining the concepts of "polemic" and "paganism", and after presenting the spatial and temporal setting, there would be introduced the different sources used which are mainly literary and epigraphic. This work is made of four sections. The three first ones deal with the cults testified by the Christian, anti-pagan polemic and are studied in the light of the epigraphy. The first section concerns the Greco-Roman cults introduced by Rome in the framework of establishing its power in Africa. . . The second section deals with the initiatory cults. . . The third section studies the original African cults which Rome had found while annexing the African territory. . . The fourth and last section tackles the different sources of the Christian polemic and the role it plays in the struggle against paganism and the call for conversionto the new religion. .
Lasanté, Michèle. "Les femmes chrétiennes de Rome aux 1er et 2e siècles." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25206/25206.pdf.
Full textMoreau, Tiphaine. "Penser et construire une autorité chrétienne dans l'Empire romain : les associations "empereur - croix" dans les textes des IVe et Ve siècles." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0089/document.
Full textThis study investigates the Christian conceptualization of authority and its political contexts by focusing on a rather common but never systematically analyzed rhetorical strategy in the texts of the 4th and 5th centuries: the associations between the Roman Emperor and the symbol of the cross. At the interface between the Emperor and the cross stands another authority, personal or collective, who is considered a mediator. Concrete or symbolic associations between at least two parties usually form themselves under a common goal: the glorious kingdom of Emperor, Christ, and their mediators. In this case, the cross is solicited in its profuse meaning as a powerful and dynamic sign, both iconic and theological; it is thus integrated in a specific setting of time and place or in a metaphorical and allegorical discourse. The goal of this study is to look at the different proponents of a mediating authority, whether secular or ecclesiastical, and their claims for visibility, political basis and public recognition. The manifold associations between the Emperor and the cross are part of a vibrant discourse, which is both partisan and conquering in reclaiming a specific Christian authority; and whoever is able to manipulate the power of the cross gains prophetic qualities that also legitimize political participation. Thus, the capacity to act as a mediator builds upon competition between intermediaries or upon the appropriation of this capacity by legal means, but not upon conflict with the Imperial authority. In associating the Emperor and the cross in the texts, the authors describe interactions and networks of contacts. Rather than breathless and “standardized” processes, these networks reveal the multiple and polymorphic dynamics of political relationships in Late Antiquity
Pialoux, Albane. "Négocier à Rome au XVIIIe siècle : ambassade et ambassadeurs du Roi-Très-Chrétien dans la cité pontificale (1724-1757)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040210.
Full textEighteen century Popes have become « pères humiliés » whom European crowns are putting under their will while showing apparent great respect and devotion. From Unigenitus on, under the growing influence of « Gallicanismes », studying the negociation itself in the Pontifical court of Rome, with a multiplicity of partners involved, is a good step towards a better comprehension of both the Papacy decline and the french diplomatical pattern in Rome. This orientation also offers an opportunity to appreciate this evolution under the perception of european crowns, with Rome agreeing or disagreeing with new political and ecclesiastical compromises without any possibility of modifying them. A growing Theater Scene, Rome is, less and less, a true place of decision. With the influence of the Pope on international relationships becoming thiner and thiner, the art of representation tends to become the main duty for Ambassadors, as, nowhere much as in the pontifical court of Rome, the two main duties of an Ambassador, negociating and representating their own King, may find a more significant and broader place
Dumais, Martine. "Les femmes chrétiennes dans l'Empire romain des deuxième et troisième siècles : de la quête d'autonomie à la dépendance." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17753.
Full textLetourneur, Marie-Joëlle. "Dépendance et esclavage : modèle référentiel pour la propédeutique hiéronymienne du parfait chrétien." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA1035.
Full textTo the IV and V centuries, Christendom is moving, the increase in the epistolary exchanges and the multiplication of the councils tend to bring closer the churches. Moreover, the monachism and the ascetism gain the Occident, of same that the recits of life of saints and the worship of the relics. In light, the expansion of christianity accelerate and penetrate the majority of the provinces as attests of it the collection of letters of Hieronymus. Indeed, the correspondence makes it possible to take the measurement of the economic, political and social changes. In fact, if Hieronymus is useful himself of slavery like model reference frame for his propaedeutics of the perfect Christian, it is because it considers that humanity is pecheress. For him, the stamping from sin and the accesses to the kingdom of heaven pass by the tender and the full whole obedience to Master the Saver and the divine commands. A double treatment of the dependence and slavery are observable in the study, visible in the fields of reality and of spiritual, the good Master is opposed to bad, the defects with the virtues
B̆až̆il, Martin. "Centones christiani : métamorphoses d'une forme intertextuelle dans la poésie latine chrétienne de l'Antiquité tardive." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040077.
Full textDenoting both the composition technique and the literary form based upon it, a cento is characterized by complex semantic relations between source material and the newly created text. This study, informed by the theory of intertextuality, endeavours to interpret Virgilian centos with Christian content. The characteristic that sets these poems apart from the cento production of Late Antiquity is that they provide an additional dimension. As opposed to “pagan” centos, which can be viewed simply as exercises in semantic play and versification, the Christian poems engage in the process of appropriation of the Roman legacy by Christian culture. The cento technique thus becomes a means of reception of classical poetry as represented by Virgil. Exploiting the possibilities of the technique to its utmost limits, Proba leaves her successors little space for further development. Consequently, later cento poets only imitate her works, in their own ways and according to their abilities
Mesnard, Céline. "L'iconographie d'Abraham et le traitement des images bibliques chrétiennes durant l'Antiquité tardive (IIIe-VIe s. )." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040037.
Full textOdone, Ginevra. "L’avocat Agostino Mariotti (1724-1806) et son musée, « une des curiosités de Rome »." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2020_0244_ODONE.pdf.
Full textAbbot and lawyer Agostino Mariotti (1724-1806) was well known in 18th century Rome. Like most of the ecclesiastics of his time, he was first of all a scholar: lawyer of the Sacred Congregation of Rites, man of letters, expert of Latin and Greek languages, bibliophile, numismatist, member of the Academy of Arcadia and also specialist in antiques and great collector. Over the course of several years he had built up an important collection, the main core of which was the Sacred Museum. With his collection, particularly rich in paintings from all periods, Mariotti's project was to tell both the history of the Church and the “Perfezione del disegno”, using Michelangelo as a pivot.The aim of this thesis is to reconstruct the figure of the lawyer Mariotti and his collection, putting everything in perspective with the cultural context of the city of Rome in the 18th century. The new sources found have therefore made it possible to analyse the great richness of the collection, by supplementing the information available about this multifaceted figure, almost entirely forgotten after his death, despite many works of art from his collection has been acquired by the Pope and are still preserved and exhibited today in the Vatican Museums.The first part of the thesis therefore reconstructs the biography of Agostino Mariotti, with a particular attention to his literary production and his relationships with the Italian and foreign scholars of his time. His network is thus made up mainly of people with whom he shares his favourite places of sociability, namely religious, arcades, artists from the Academy of Saint Luke, or even Jesuits despite the role played by Agostino in the suppression of the Order.The second part focusses on the reconstruction of the entire collection of Mariotti, shared between a Sacred Museum, a Profane Museum and a Museum of Natural History. The vast documentary sources found are presented and analysed in order to give the reader a new and more complete picture of this rich and varied collection, beyond the only paintings of "primitive" artists for which Agostino was known until today.The last part follows the dispersion of the works of art after the dissolution of the collection on the death of its creator. Particular attention is given to those that were sold to the Vatican in 1820, a transaction for which we have a large number of documentary sources and which have also enabled us to know the estimates given during the sale. Further research was also carried out to identify other works currently kept in the Vatican Museums.Thanks to our work, we now have a much more accomplished image of this consistorial lawyer and his collection which in his time was considered "one of the curiosities of Rome"
Lefèvre, Olivier. "Tertullien et le jeûne dans les premiers siècles de l'Eglise chrétienne : édition, traduction, commentaire du "De ieiuniis aduersus psychicos"." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040013.
Full textDe ieiuniis aduersus psychicos is one of last papers of Tertullian, marked by his link with the sect of Montan. This treaty, of which there are no more handwritten records, except from some rare patristics and medieval witnesses, articulates around a double objective : the first one is directed to a defense of the practice of fasting, in particular the xerophagy and the station, from which the antiquity is guaranteed by the multiple examples taken from the Ancient and the New Testament to justify the grievances of novelty thrown by psychics. The second hides behind the polemical style and the subtle rhetoric of a precise and effective argumentation: fasting is the first instrument of the safety given by God to Man so as to recover the grace lost at the time of the Original Sin, which is a sin of greed. Fasting thus joins within the framework of a reflection both soteriologic because Man has to implement everything to become reconciled with God and because he therefore/thus gets ready to face the powers of flesh and the persecutions of the end of time. Instead of the formula " let us eat and let us drink, because tomorrow we will die ", Tertullian offers another one: " let us fast, because tomorrow we will die " (Iei. 17, 5). The originality of this treaty, very often misunderstood, does not live so much in the formal debate which motivates it as in the double information it gives: it is about a major text in the history of food and religious practices of the Roman society of Carthage at the beginning of the third century A. D; it also imposes itself in the literary and mystic history of the Church, by the originality of its author
Morlet, Sébastien. "L'apologétique chrétienne à l'époque de Constantin : la démonstration évangélique d'Eusèbe de Césarée." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040220.
Full textThe Demonstratio evangelica is the second part of a large twofold apologia written by Eusebius of Caesarea (c. 265 – 339/340). Though this apologia is the longest one in all Antiquity, it has never been investigated in detail. The Demonstratio evangelica is at the same time an antijewish tract, a continuation of the antipagan controversy dealt with in the first part of the apologia (the Praeparatio evangelica), and above all the climax of an organic work which Eusebius conceived as a teaching process. This study emphasizes the place of the Demonstratio evangelica within the antijewish and antipagan traditions, by a throrough analysis of its polemical background and argumentation. Eusebius’ scholarly project is new within the apologetic tradition. The bishop of Caesarea applies to the controversy methods and commentaries he owes to his spiritual master Origen. In that respect, the Demonstratio evangelica is an original work, situated half-way between controversy and research, which influenced several later polemists
Cornillon, Jonathan. "La vie économique des communautés chrétiennes aux trois premiers siècles." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040147.
Full textOur dissertation aims to enlighten different aspects of the economic life of the Christian communities during the first three centuries. From Jesus to the end of the third century, Christians, in different ways, developed specific ways of life in which the economic practices played a key role. We will try to explain how the mission and the communal life of Christians were funded, but also what role played the ecclesiastical institutions in the use of the common fund. A very important part of our work will also consist in explaining the concrete practices of the Christians concerning the care for the poor in the community. The first Christian communities developed a thought about the economic life of a religious community as early as the preaching of Jesus and we have to try to understand better the meaning and the concrete consequences of these thoughts on their communal life, and the posterity of these practices. To investigate about the economic life of the first Christian communities, we will use most of all the New Testament and patristic texts, even if at some points archaeological, epigraphical and papyrological sources can be used to strengthen our analysis
Cillières, Hélène. "La place et le statut des femmes dans les communautés chrétiennes des deux premiers siècles en milieux judéen et gréco-romain : approche historique comparative des sources antiques." Paris, EPHE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPHE5001.
Full textDespite the growing number and strength of feminist studies, historical studies on the issue of women in Antiquity are really lacking nowadays. The approach proposed here is based on a historical and comparative reading of sources which bring elements on the place of women in the first two centuries. First of all, we try to distinguish, by the analysis of the roman, judaean and rabbinic legal literature, the points of inspiration and the bases of the Christian writers’thought on the question of the status of women in society. Lastly, we propose a argued presentation of the Christian sources which give indications on the place, titles and functions occupied by women in the Christian communities. Thus, the legal status of women, belonging to the Christian milieu, is certainly not a criteria which discriminate the other communities existing in the Roman empire. Indeed, the major question of the guardianship, with no doubt incited women to enter the Judaean nation, but not specifically the Messianic communities. However, with regard to the important presence of women in the Christian communities, it is possible to consider, as an explanation, the fact that the first Christians take into account the social questions, concerning particularly the women. While cohabiting with the surrounding groups, from which even some of their members come from, the christian communities seem to have proposed an "alternative" to certain elements of societal nature, especially concerning the family domain
Lefrançois, Matthieu. "La peine de mort et l'Église en Occident, d'après les sources chrétiennes, de Tertullien à Hincmar de Reims (197-882)." Bordeaux 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR40041.
Full textAdroma, Adrupiako Frédéric. "Caritas Patriae : loyalisme politique et foi chrétienne. La correspondance entre Nectarius de Calama et Augustin d'Hippone. Epistulae 90-91 ; 103-104 (août 408-mars 409 ap J.-C.))." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040146.
Full textThe recognition of Christianity as the official religion of the roman empire resulted, at the beginning of the fifth century, in the radical abolition of the pagan cult, as testified in the Sirmondian Constitution 12 of Emperor Honorius, dated 25th December 407.The promulgation of this law triggered violent riots by the pagans of Calama. They rebelled against a decision that denied a multi-secular tradition that brought, until then, peace and prosperity to the Empire. Defending his fellow citizens, Nectarius addressed Augustin so that he intervenes with the imperial authorities in order to obtain a reduction of punishment against the culprits. Nectarius put his action under the Cicero’s authority, justified it fundamentally by his municipal patriotism, and showed at this occasion, the better capacity of paganism to express the link between religion and civil duty. Augustin who willingly joined this debate, also referred to Cicero, to classic authors and to the Bible. This approach allowed him to articulate moral duties of his faith and the roman patriotic ideology, and to highlight the political loyalty of the Christians. This sparring match is unusual as it constitutes an authentic theological-political dialogue made possible thanks to the similar cultural environment where Nectarius and Augustin both belonged
Bernard, Philippe. "Cantus romanus : l'Eglise de Rome et son chant liturgique des origines à la fin du XIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040214.
Full textThe aim of this dissertation was to study cultural life at Rome in the middle ages, through the story of its liturgical chant. Its origins go back to late antiquity, perhaps to the “little peace of the church”, a forty-years period which preceded the persecution of Diocletian. At this time were composed the most ancient chants, that is the canticles and the tracts: the in directum psalmody. From the end of the fourth century, it became customary to add a refrain allowing the faithful to respond to the versicles sang by the soloist; responsorial psalmody took its origins during this period. Towards the end of the fifth century, a new corporation, the schola cantorum, reelaborated the chants, gave them a richer ornamentation and shortened them. The psalm in directum became the modern tract and the responsorial psalm became the modern gradual. The schola also composed new liturgical chants: the offertory and the alleluia. The roman chant was fully achieved towards the end of the seventh century. It then came into Gaul from 742 on, where it was adopted by the Frankish church. There took place a hybridation between Roman and Frankish chants. Gregorian chant is the result of this contamination. From the ninth century, it conquered the whole Europe and destructed the old Milanese, Benevento and Spanish chants
Bureau, Bruno. "Littera et res, le sens des Écritures dans l'Historia apostolica d'Arator (les formes poétiques et leurs rapports avec l'exégèse et l'enseignement doctrinal)." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040283.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is a study of the links between an epic narrative of the Acts of the Apostles and exegetic techniques such as allegory,typology and tropology in Arator's poem Historia Apostolica. .
Carlier, Jeanne. "Recherches sur la lettre à Anébon, de Porphyre." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040028.
Full textThis thesis offers detailed research on the status and functions of the intermediate beings in Porphyry's religious philosophy (vol. 1); an edition and translation of Porphyry's fragmentary letter to Anebo, including a translation of De Styge and Summikta zetemata (vol. 2); a commentary (textual and conceptual) on the part of the letter concerning divination and the hierarchy of superior beings. Four problems are dealt with : the legitimized sources of knowledge according to Prophyry (revelation, philosophy, "innate notions"); the status of man, of god, of the intermediate beings : are god and man consubstantial?; Porphyry's attitude toward the rituals of positive religion, especially towards theurgy, which is proved to include a good deal of common religion; the targets of porphyry's criticism in the letter to Anebo
Serra, Alessandro. "Culti e devozioni delle confraternite romane in Eta moderna." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF2A017.
Full textPérissé-Valéro, Ingrid. "Les sanctuaires du territoire libanais (Monts Liban, Anti-Liban et Hermon) à l'époque romaine." Bordeaux 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR30031.
Full textThe abundance and the variety of sanctuaries on the Lebanese territory (coastal plain, Mount Lebanon, Beqaa valley, Mounts Anti-Liban and Hermon) in the imperial Roman time constitutes an importante question implying a specific knowledge of the places and the sources available, in order to have a general view of the phenomenon. By taking the archaeological documentation as working base, we established at first an inventory with all the information about the 102 sanctuaries. Then, we tried to determine the historic conditions of this religious establishment and to underline the visible reproduction of sanctuaries during the Roman Time as well as their tremendous influence in rural areas. The distribution of the buildings and their architectural characteristics were studied to recognize relationships, disparities and influences and to propose hypotheses of dating by crossing the data. The variety is important, every sanctuary had its own monumental character which resulted from several factors (geographic, historic and human). Our study is divided in five chapters : the first one presents the geographic distribution of sanctuaries and replaces so monuments in a more general frame. We speak about the report of sanctuaries with the surrounding communities and the notion of "hight place". The second chapter is the architectural analysis of the 102 listed sanctuaries (temenos, temples, altars, enclosures, towers, …) whereas the third chapter is an outline of the cults in Lebanon in the imperial time. In chapter 4, the fundamental question of the chronology of these sanctuaries is treated and the chapter 6, by way of lock, approachs the future of these places of cult at the end of the Antiquity
Buelens, Marie-Astrid. "Prophéties de contestation du Proche-Orient contre les puissances hellénistiques et la Rome républicaine." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/256860.
Full textDoctorat en Histoire, histoire de l'art et archéologie
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Marcuccetti, Andrea. "La costruzione dello spazio del sacro cattolico nel XXI secolo, in Italia e Francia : tra tradizione e futuro, attrattività e repulsione : I progetti delle chiese dopo il Grande Giubileo : gli esempi di Roma e Parigi." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10171.
Full textWhich are the issues posed for the construction of a church in the urban fabric of the third millennium? Which are, currently, the places of worship -more or less visible- capable of attracting the faithful,the inhabitants but also migrants or visitors in transit?What kind of conflicts can the construction of a church, or more generally of a sacred space,create in a neighborhood and which could be the conditions to avoid it?In some cases, places of worship contribute to reinforce the feeling of belonging and/or identity,they are also points of orientation in the cities,which exceeds the scale of their communities,opening up to other confessions,also.They participate in urban life through many events that we can qualify within culture.This paper interrogates the notion of sacred space from the spatial point of view,through the analysis of the churches built in Rome and Paris,after the Great Jubilee,but also from the standpoint of individual and collective representations.Between tradition and future,attractiveness and repulsion,beyond the symbolic dimension (brand) of the sacred building, the thesis places the question of methodological processes that lead to the construction of a space both real and virtual.Final argument,the comparison between the Italian and French experiences can help to identify the differences between the two systems,the issues of a technical and sociological nature,in order to identify the manner in which we can overcome the monofunctional and restrictive use of the worship site,in favor of multi-functional uses,both internal and aggregated,which allow a wider ownership of these spaces,in an era where the churches are,gradually, more and more empty
Vermelle, Alison. "Malesherbes et ses belles amies." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100123.
Full textThis thesis explores an unknown part of the life of Guillaume Lamoignon de Malesherbes (1721-1794). The man coming from a prominent family of the Parisian Nobility of the Robe is well known as a major political actor during the reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI, but also as a scientist and passionate botanist.His interactions with women close to him are by contrast barely mentioned or even absent from the studies so far being dedicated to him. Notably relying on archival sources (Rosanbo private fund, Malesherbes fund, central minute book of the Paris notaries), this thesis proposes to follow the thread of forgotten affinity stories. In the wake of the gender studies, it analizes women’s familial, social and cultural practices, through varied themes (sciences, travel, customs…), led by the eclecticism of Malesherbes. The first part (1721-1750) focuses on the female figures of Malesherbes’ childhood and the role assigned to women in a home of the nobles of the robe. The second part (1750-1774) considers the construction of family and social relationships and focuses on women profiles inserted in his inner circle. The third part (1774-1794) considers the evolution of his relationships with his daughters, his elder sister but also mutual friends with Turgot.Women who have accompanied Malesherbes in every phase of his life, and to the scaffold, were carrying fraternal, marital, parental or intellectual friendships. The reconstruction of this vast female network shows various modes of the construction of relations between men and women in the private and public spaces of the nobility in the eighteenth century
López, Morillo Luis. "Les Bourbons sacrés : musica sacra y liturgia de Estado en las cortes de Roma, Madrid y Versalles (1745-1789)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL174.
Full textThis thesis attempts, for the first time, to address a comparative analysis of the role that liturgical music played in the process of building the sacred image of the sovereigns of the Bourbon House of France and Spain as part of the religious ceremonies celebrated in Madrid and Versailles during the last decades of the Ancien Régime, as well as the role that the example of the Pontifical Chapel played in this process. The main purpose of this study was to provide a conceptual framework and analytical model that would allow a global study of sacred music for these ceremonies to be approached from a perspective closer to cultural history than traditional musicology, but always starting from the analysis of the performative aspects that revealed the reciprocal interaction between music and the ceremonial, political and historical context of which it was a part. Along six chapters, we examine the elements that shaped the ceremonies of the State liturgy, conceived at that time as sacred representations: the different scenes in which they took place, the actors, the ceremonial, as well as the functioning of the different styles of singing used to solemnize both the ordinary and extraordinary ceremonies celebrated in Rome, Madrid and Versailles between 1745 and 1789. This included not only sacred music works produced ad hoc by the choirmasters, but also other music, such as plainchant, counterpoint or faux-bourdon, which were sometimes performed by improvisation or memorization as part of this same system of representation
Stevenin, Anne-Blanche. "Luc-Olivier Merson (1846-1920) : de la peinture d’histoire à la peinture décorative." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040268.
Full textIn 1869, when a student at the École des Beaux-Arts de Paris, Luc-Olivier Merson received the Rome Prize in history painting. The award allowed him to complete his training with four years of study in Italy. A well-known artist in his own time, Merson showed regularly at the Paris Salon before broadening the scope of his creative activity to include decorative painting and illustration. Beyond his taste for monumental painting, he evinced a keen interest in religious art, whose conventions he overturned, making use of recondite iconographic sources and unusual subjects. Suspended between Academism and Symbolism, Merson displayed a penchant for drawing, always privileging line, even as he maintained a subtle and refined sense of color. Having emerged from the shadow of his father, the art critic Olivier Merson, and endowed his work with a self-conscious archaism and idealism, Luc-Olivier Merson might justly be classed among the precursors of Symbolism. By studying the life and work of Merson, we may come to understand the aesthetic choices and the audacity of an artist too often—and too hastily—termed “Pompier” in twentieth-century art historiography
Alma, Filippo. "L'accueil de l'autre dans sa diversité : analyse exégétique et théologique de Romains 14,1-15, 13." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2020/ALMA_Filippo_2020_ED270.pdf.
Full textIn the framework of this thesis, we propose an exegetical and theological analysis of Paul's exhortative discourse in Rom 14,1–15,13, in the broad context of the letter to the Romans and of emerging early Christianity in Rome. To this end, after recalling the main data of the long-standing debate on the socio-historical identity of the “weak in faith” and the strong (diachronic plan), on which some obscurities still remain, we expound a comment sensitive to tools of ancient rhetoric (inventio, dispositio and elocutio), and in particular to “Pauline rhetoric” (synchronic plan), in order to grasp the essence of the rhetoric-pastoral strategy of mediation set up by Paul to deal with the state of tension and conflict, contempt and judgment, resulting from the different practices of Christians in Rome, around the middle of the first century AD. It is, in fact, a thoughtful and reasoned appeal, which combines exhortation and theology, the imperative and the indicative of faith, to motivate and foster mutual acceptance, with a view to common worship and divine glory, like God and Christ, true examples of unconditional acceptance of every believer
Valade, Marylène. "Le rôle des parents croyants non pratiquants dans l'initiation à la vie chrétienne des enfants de 8 à 12 ans : en complémentarité avec celui des intervenants en paroisse." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16307.
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