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1
Shipps, Jan. "From Peoplehood to Church Membership: Mormonism's Trajectory since World War II." Church History 76, no. 2 (June 2007): 241–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000964070010191x.
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Christians of every stripe are bound into faith communities by two sets of identifying metaphors. One, the body of Christ, is derived from the New Testament's account of the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus. The other, drawn from Hebraic prophecy, is linked to the understanding that Jesus was of the house and lineage of David. As the crucified Messiah, he stood at the head of the house of Israel as both Lord and Christ. In the practical terms spelled out in the Pauline letters, the first of these metaphorical congeries describes the church as Christ's body, an entity with members and a head. The second turns Christ's followers into a kinship group that is a party to a new covenant with God. Despite its heterogeneity, its inclusion of Gentiles as well as Jews, this group—along with the Jews—is one that the ancient of days selected to be his chosen people.
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Szczych, Jan. "Modlitwa święceń biskupa (studium liturgiczno-teologiczne)." Ruch Biblijny i Liturgiczny 63, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.21906/rbl.172.
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The bishop’s ordination prayer derives from Traditio Apostolica (3th century). This prayer had been re-instated to the latin liturgy of the Church after the Second Vatican Council. Its structure contains the anamnesis, the call, the part of the intercede and the enlogize. Detailed content’s analysis of the prex ordinationis episcopi allows deeply substantiate of the purpose and sense of the bishop’s mission in the Church. Only God calls up the chosen one to attend the bishop’s service. When the elect receives the gift of the Holy Spirit, the ordained bishop will comes about superior of the God’s people who are entrusting him and will actualize the topflight priesthood. The mainspring of the bishop’s ordination prayer had been inscribed to the trend of the Church’s Instruction, particularly expressed by the Vaticanum II. Contemporary successor of the Apostles guides the God’s sheep-fold and as the minister of the Christ’s mysteries fulfils the Christ’s work of redemption.
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Vojvodic, Dragan. "From the horizontal to the vertical genealogical image of the Nemanjic dynasty." Zbornik radova Vizantoloskog instituta, no. 44 (2007): 295–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zrvi0744295v.
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Sometime in the XIV century, towards the end of the second or beginning of the third decade, the 'horizontal genealogical image' of the Serbian rulers gave way to a new depiction of their genealogy. We find the earliest surviving Nemanjic family tree, painted in a vertically arranged composition in the narthex of Gracanica, followed by those in Pec, Decani, Mateic and Studenica. The appearance of the new type of image presenting the Serbian dynastic genealogy was, on the one hand, due to the problems caused by the ever lengthening series of rulers' portraits. They led to the deformation of the thematic programmes and did not correspond to the dynamic spirit of 'Palaeologan renaissance' art. On the other hand, from the mid-XIII century there was a obvious intention to link the idea of a 'chosen people' and the genealogy of Christ with the Nemanjic dynasty. This process unfolded simultaneously in literature, royal charters and visual art. It was facilitated by the fact that presentations of Christ's genealogy - the Tree of Jesse - were introduced in the programmes of Serbian churches from the second half of the XIII century. A correspondence had already been established between the presentations of Christ's genealogy and the portraits of the Nemanjic family included in the broader thematic ensembles inspired by dynastic ideology, in Sopocani and, subsequently, in Moraca, Arilje and the King's Church in Studenica. Even in the description of the family tree of the Serbian dynasty itself, the notions of 'pious lineage', 'the holy root', 'the branch of good fruit', 'the blessed shoots' etc. were used in the written sources. In this way, a process gradually matured along the path towards creating a dynastic picture of the house of Nemanjic that was iconographically coordinated to the Tree of Jesse. However, the 'vertical' family tree of the Nemanjici was not a simple transposition of the 'horizontal genealogy' into the structure of the new iconographic scheme. It is possible to notice significant contextual differences between the two types of the Serbian dynastic picture, especially regarding the presentation of the rulers' wives or the rulers' daughters, or male relatives from the lateral branches. A number of questions that had earlier been of particular importance, such as the order of succession to the throne through the direct bloodline, became submerged in a multitude of new messages and slowly lost significance. The 'vertical' family tree of the Nemanjici focused far more on the proclamation of general dynastic messages. As a more developed and complex picture than the 'horizontal' genealogy, it was able to convey more carefully nuanced details about what effect dynastic history had on the awareness of the court. Apart from that, in contrast to the presentations of XIII century 'horizontal genealogies' that illustrated Nemanja and his direct successors as monks, the new type of dynastic picture quite clearly stressed the 'imperial' nature of the ruler's family. A similar change of meaning can also be noted in contemporaneous royal charters. One should view this interesting phenomenon through the prism of the increasingly tangible influences of Byzantine imperial ideology on Serbian dynastic thought. The distinct influence of Byzantine perceptions can also be recognized in the motive of the ruler's investiture being performed by God himself, depicted at the top of the Nemanjic family tree. Therefore, the new Serbian genealogical picture reflected much more clearly than its predecessor, the Byzantine teachings about power, which blended the 'dynastic principle' with dogma regarding the providential election of the ruler. In later monuments, where a composite family tree was depicted, linking the Nemanjic dynasty to the Byzantine and the Bulgarian royal families (Mateic, and perhaps even Studenica), the concept of the 'new Israel' was redefined in Serbian imperial ideology, according to the universalistic views adopted from Byzantium. Although all the essential iconographic details of dynastic genealogy in the form of the family tree were of Byzantine origin, no credible testimonies were found in scientific research that the theme itself was designed in artistic form in Byzantium. Hence, one cannot exclude the possibility that the Nemanjic family tree was an authentic, iconographic creation devised in Serbia. With the necessary caution, here, we should stress that the Serbian environment was quite singular because it had a long lasting and, moreover sacred dynasty. For that reason it was particularly absorbed in dynastic issues and the idea of 'a new chosen people'. That environment traveled the path to a 'vertical' dynastic picture slowly, following the evolutionary logic of its own culture and art.
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Myers, Jeremy. "Adolescent Experiences of Christ's Presence and Activity in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America." Journal of Youth and Theology 7, no. 1 (January 27, 2008): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24055093-90000167.
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The National Study of Youth and Religion (NSYR) claims moralistic therapeutic deism as the popular religion among our youth.1 The Study of Exemplary Congregations in Youth Ministry (EYM) discovered that exemplary congregations are one's who speak about God as one who is present and active.2 The God of moralistic therapeutic deism can not be present and active. Is God present and active? If so, how do our youth experience and interpret this presence and activity? This article gives voice to the ways in which youth of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) experience Christ's presence and activity. It finds that placing their subjective interpretations of these experiences into conversation with their tradition's interpretation of Christ's presence and activity as represented by Gustaf Wingren's creation-faith enhances both how they and their tradition understand God's work in our world. The exemplar descriptor for the experiences heard among these youth is referred to as proleptic vocational recapitulation.
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Deniati, Deniati, and Yesaya Adhi Widjaya. "Baptisan Anak Dalam Pengakuan Iman Westminster dan Katekismus Heilderberg." Journal KERUSSO 5, no. 1 (March 16, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33856/kerusso.v5i1.120.
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Baptism is one of the sacraments recognized by the church and is believed to be a seal for believers, and a sign of Christ's ownership. However, if you look at the practice in the church, many questions will arise, both regarding the instruments used in baptizing and the subjects to be baptized (children or adults). This is due to a lack of understanding of baptism as well as differences in interpretation of the Bible and the confession of faith used in the church. This difference results in the emergence of conflicts between churches and the courage of certain sects, thus making statements that the other sects are wrong or right. Despite believing or using the same Bible and creed, each church has a different understanding and way of implementing baptism in the church. Therefore, the church needs to be sensitive to this. The Church of God needs to have the same unity or standard of truth, so that in carrying out church discipline, it remains in accordance with the truth of God's Word, the Bible. Seeing the gaps or facts that occur in the church of God, the purpose of writing this paper is to show the views of two faith confessions recognized by the Reformed church regarding child baptism and show how the practice of baptism should be practiced in the church community of God.
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Budiyana, Hardi. "Kristus Sebagai Pusat Misi Pendidikan Kristen Untuk Mewujudkan Murid Kristus Dalam Gereja Lokal." TELEIOS: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen 1, no. 1 (June 23, 2021): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.53674/teleios.v1i1.29.
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Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan dan mengetahui Misi Pendidikan Kristen dalam Mewujudkan Murid Kristus, yang tentunya Murid Kristus yang memiliki karakter Kristiani dalam jemaat melalui proses pengajaran di gereja lokal. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian bersifat kualitatif dengan cara studi pustaka yakni mengkaji tentang Misi Pendidikan Kristen yang berpusat pada Kristus akan mewujudkan Murid Kristus yang memiliki wewenang untuk membangun karakter jemaat sesuai dengan ajaran iman Kristiani. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan pemahaman bahwa Misi Pendidikan Kristen berperan baik dalam Mewujudkan Murid Kristus yang memiliki pembentukan karakter kristiani dalam jemaat. Oleh karena itu, disarankan agar Para hamba Tuhan dalam hal ini Gembala Jemaat memiliki loyalitas yang tinggi dalam melaksanakan tugas dan tanggung jawab sebagai rekan kerja Allah yang bukan hanya berkotbah semata, tetapi juga menyampaikan pengajaran dengan hasil terwujud adanya murid Kristus yang memiliki karakter Kristiani nyata dalam diri Jemaat, sehingga jemaat mau melibatkan diri dalam pelayanan maupun dalam penginjilan baik dalam gereja maupun di luar gereja. Kata Kunci: Misi Pendidikan Kristen, Murid Kristus, Gereja Lokal. AbstractThis study aims to describe and know the Mission of Christian Education in Realizing Christ's Disciples, which is certainly Christ's Disciples who have Christian character in the congregation through the teaching process in the local church. This research is a qualitative study by means of literature study that examines the mission of Christian Education centered on Christ will realize Christ's Disciples who have the authority to build the character of the church in accordance with the teachings of the Christian faith. The results of this study provide an understanding that the Christian Education Mission plays a good role in realizing Christ's disciples who have the formation of Christian character in the congregation. Therefore, it is recommended that the pastors of the Church of the Church Shepherd have a high loyalty in carrying out their duties and responsibilities as partners of God who not only preach, but also deliver teaching with the results of the realization of disciples of Christ who have a real Christian character in themselves Congregation, so that the congregation wants to be involved in ministry and in evangelizing both in the church and outside the church. Keywords: Christian Education Mission, Christ Disciples, Local Church
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Baker, Kimberly. "Augustine's Doctrine of the Totus Christus: Reflecting on the Church as Sacrament of Unity." Horizons 37, no. 1 (2010): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0360966900006824.
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ABSTRACTThis article examines Augustine's doctrine of the totus Christus, “the whole Christ” with Christ as Head and the Church as Body. It considers the new identity as Christ that Christians receive in the sacraments of initiation that unite individuals in the Church community, and the sacramental presence of the Church in the world as one of unifying love. This new identity forms the Church for mission as it joins Christ in a mission of love that unites people to one another as it unites them to God. The Church joins Christ in standing in solidarity with those in need, thus radiating Christ's unifying, transformative love in the world. The article ends with a suggestion that Augustine's view of the totus Christus might be a valuable resource for delving more deeply into Vatican II's vision of the sacramental unity of the Church.
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Williams, Rowan. "Theological Doubt and Institutional Certainty: An Anglican Paradox." Studies in Church History 52 (June 2016): 250–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/stc.2015.14.
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Explicating John Donne's ‘doubt wisely’, this essay argues for the theological and psychological sophistication of Richard Hooker's distinction of wise from unwise doubt and shows why this led him to support compulsory adherence to the Church of England. Framed by consideration of how his ideas were adopted by Thomas Browne's Religio Medici (1643), it explores Hooker's thinking on what is certain in itself and where we can properly doubt. If true, the revealed character of God and the consequent acknowledgement of God as faithful to his elect, is true by necessity, or definition, and may be held with certainty of adherence: whatever my emotional state, adhering is proof that I have not denied my faith and am therefore sincere in my profession. It is wise to doubt the absolute importance of issues such as the right definition of Christ's presence in the sacrament, the God-given character of any specific Church order, and assumptions about the spiritual state of any other baptized person. We cannot, however, be doubtful about the Church to which allegiance is commanded by law. For Hooker, legal enforcement of conformity is a pastoral good: it enables the unsure to establish a practice likely to offer them some anchorage for fluctuating convictions and ‘affections’.
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Maldari, Donald C. "A Reconsideration of the Ministries of the Sacrament of Holy Orders." Horizons 34, no. 2 (2007): 238–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0360966900004424.
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ABSTRACTThe purpose of the ministerial structures of the Church is to establish a context by which Christians continue and complete Christ's ministry. Ordained ministers ought to facilitate this in such a way as to collaborate effectively with God in the establishment of the Kingdom. A consideration of the Church's tradition, beginning with Scripture and continuing in its life of faith, suggests that no single form of ministry is normative. The ordination of Christians who make a long-term commitment to what the Church may legitimately recognize as ministry would enhance the Church's life and celebrate the sacramental character of that ministry. Consonant with Gaudium et spes the Church should abandon the distinction between secular and sacred ministry and recognize the sacramental character of ministry wherever it is practiced. Sacramental ordination to ministry is the specification and concretization of Christians' baptismal commitment.
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White, Robert. "Oil and Vinegar: Calvin on Church Discipline." Scottish Journal of Theology 38, no. 1 (February 1985): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930600041600.
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Despite the excessive claims sometimes made for the unity and consistency of Calvin's thought, there is no evidence to suggest that he ever varied his views on the distinctive marks of the church. From the first edition of the Institute to the last, the formula remains unchanged: ‘Wherever we see the Word of God purely preached and heard, and the sacraments administered according to Christ's institution, there, it is not to be doubted, a church of God exists.’ It has long been recognized that the notion of the two marks of the church is not original to Calvin, but derives from the Augsburg Confession of 1530, in which the faithful teaching of the gospel and the proper administration of the sacraments are said to designate the assembly of all believers (art. 7). Like Luther and Melanchthon, but unlike the framers of the Scots and Belgic Confessions, the French Reformer does not make discipline an explicit mark of the church. Nevertheless, so central an element is it in his ecclesiology that it is always found in the closest relationship with Word and sacraments. The Word is not only to be preached but ‘reverently heard’; it is a ‘royal sceptre’ to which all hearts and minds are to be brought in willing submission. Similarly the sacraments are, through the Spirit, manifest signs of God's work within us, ‘softening the stubbornness of our heart, and composing it to that obedience which it owes the Word of the Lord’.
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Ployd, Adam. "Pro-Nicene prosopology and the church in Augustine's preaching on John 3:13." Scottish Journal of Theology 67, no. 3 (June 26, 2014): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930614000106.
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AbstractJohn 3:13 presents a grammatical and theological problem for Augustine. If the only one who ascends to heaven is the one who descended, namely Christ, then what becomes of the Christian life of ascent? To unpack Augustine's solution to this problem, this article explores his use of John 3:13 in his anti-Donatist sermons of 406–7. Here Augustine uses the grammatical method of prosopological exegesis both to identify and to solve the problem of Christ's solo ascent. Prosopology asks of a text, ‘Who is speaking? To whom is he speaking? And about whom is he speaking?’ in order to parse the sometimes ambiguous personae within a dramatic scene. Through this method, Augustine affirms that Christ is indeed speaking about himself alone, but the reflexive subject of Christ includes the church who is his body. The Christian life of ascent to God requires that we become participants in the subject of Christ's ‘I’. Building on the work of ‘New Canon’ Augustine scholarship, I argue that this use of John 3:13 to espouse the unity of the church in the body of Christ is founded upon a pro-Nicene understanding of the revelatory and epistemological role of the Son. The ability of Christ fully to reveal the Father is a central tenet of Latin pro-Nicene refutations of homoian christologies, and this revelation of the Father's Word through Christ's incarnation is accomplished in our union with that Word through his body. Based on this pro-Nicene affirmation of epistemological salvation through Christ, Augustine then uses John 3:13 to condemn the Donatists for damning themselves by separating from the body of Christ. The oneness of the ecclesial body of Christ is predicated upon the oneness of Christ himself because it is into his complex subject that we are incorporated. Separation from that unity is separation from the singular grammatical subject who ascends as Christ to the Father. Thus, Augustine's grammatical practice of prosopological exegesis to solve the problem of John 3:13 connects the pro-Nicene affirmation of Christ's revelation of the Father to an anti-Donatist defence of the necessary unity of the church. This should encourage us to consider further the ways in which pro-Nicene principles help to shape Augustine's vision of the church.
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Samarakone, Joseph. "My Adventure with Inter-religious Dialogue." Religion and the Arts 12, no. 1 (2008): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852908x270962.
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AbstractThe Jesus we meet in the Gospels is an inter-religious person par excellence who was able to transcend fundamentalist interpretations that there is no God in all the earth except in Israel, and to recognize the faith of all people (Matt. 8:10). Jesus' mystical experience in the desert led him to realize Yahweh as Abba—the Father of all. Hence he proclaimed the kingdom as an inclusive reality, as the basis of all God experience (Matt 13:1–51). Stressing our need to develop such an inter-religious spirit, the author traces his own awakening spanning over five decades—from his adolescent faith in the "God of the Christians" to his new vision of a "universal kingdom of communion," which embraces all people and all reality. His message is that every disciple of Jesus—and the Church as Christ's sacrament—should live this legacy of Jesus and proclaim God's saving love for all people irrespective of religious affiliation.
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Potravych, Liudmyla, and Andrii Vypasniak. "Ecumenical and ecological mission of Metropolitan Andrei Sheptytsky: service to Christ's Church and people." Good Parson: scientific bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk Academy of John Chrysostom. Theology. Philosophy. History, no. 14 (January 29, 2020): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.52761/2522-1558.2019.14.5.
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The aim is to highlight the ecumenical and ecological mission of Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky, the head of the UGCC, in the context of spiritual activity as the spiritual leader of the Ukrainian nation, serving God, the Church of Christ and the laity-pastors. The emphasis is on ecumenism and the environmental sphere in order to trace the relevance and development in the dynamics. During the writing of the article, the methodology of scientific objectivity, historicism and critical analysis of the elaborated sources, with methods: structural-functional (component analysis), comparative-historical (comparative), typological, was used. Theoretical developments in the fields of related disciplines are taken into account: religious studies, sociology, ecology, cultural studies, psychology, demography, pedagogy. This defined a multidisciplinary approach that allowed comprehensive and comprehensive coverage of the problem. The study analyzed the ecumenical activity of Metropolitan A. Sheptytsky, which was aimed at uniting all Christian denominations in Ukraine and the world into a single congregation of the Apostolic Church for the joint service of the Lord. Sheptytsky's contribution to the development of environmental affairs on the territory of Eastern Galicia is considered and appreciated, his role in shaping the religious outlook of all strata of the Ukrainian population is highlighted.
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Wilhemus, Ola Rongan. "MEMBANGUN KOMUNIKASI IMAN DAN PELAYANAN KARYA MISIONER GEREJA DI TENGAH KELUARGA." JPAK: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Katolik 11, no. 6 (February 7, 2019): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34150/jpak.v11i6.190.
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Modern communication medium allows one to easily share stories, establish contact with family members, to thank and apologize. Aware of the benefits of this communication medium each family member should utilize communications media wisely and more humanely. In the midst of this communication medium advancement of Christ's faithful should regard the family as a school of faith and a special communication experience divine grace. Each family who live karinia Divine love is called to give concrete testimony of the love of it. Every Christian family is a concrete sign of the presence and implementation of the tasks of the Church that lives. When carrying out this missionary task, God is always present in the family to bless, sanctify and strengthen family members. The presence of God is happening in real time when families gather to pray, worship and hear God's word together.
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Hill, Christopher. "The Nordic and Baltic Churches." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 3, no. 17 (July 1995): 420–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00000429.
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In October 1992 representatives of the British and Irish Anglican Churches, together with their counterparts from the Nordic and Baltic Lutheran Churches signed an historic agreement near Porvoo in Finland which, if accepted by all these churches, will bring about their closer communion. The Porvoo Common Statement and a supporting dossier of Essays on Church and Ministry in Northern Europe were published in 1993 (Together in Mission and Ministry, Church House Publishing, London). The Porvoo Common Statement is now being considered by the General Synod which will be asked to accept a core Joint Declaration. This begins by a mutual acknowledgement of each other's churches as part of the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church. A second acknowledgement follows concerning the mutual presence of the Word of God and the Sacraments of baptism and the eucharist;then acknowledgements of the common confession of the apostolic faith and the ministry as both an instrument of grace and as having Christ's commission.
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Hunsinger, George. "The Dimension of Depth: Thomas F. Torrance on the Sacraments of Baptism and the Lord's Supper." Scottish Journal of Theology 54, no. 2 (May 2001): 155–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930600051310.
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‘All the gifts of God set forth in baptism,’ wrote John Calvin, ‘are found in Christ alone’ (Inst. IV.15.6). The baptismal gifts, for Calvin, were essentially three: forgiveness of sins, dying and rising with Christ, and communion with Christ himself (FV.15.1, 5, 6). They were ordered, however, in a particular way. Communion with Christ, Calvin considered, was in effect the one inestimable gift that included within itself the other two benefits of forgiveness and rising with Christ from the dead. Forgiveness and eternal life were thus inseparable from Christ's person and so from participatio Christi through our communion with him. Only by participating in Christ through communion could the divine gifts set forth in baptism be truly received. Any severing of these gifts from Christ himself would result only in empty abstractions. No spiritual gift—neither forgiveness nor eternal life nor any other divine benefit—was ever to be found alongside Christ or apart from him. Christ's saving benefits were inherent in his living person. Only in and with his person were they set forth and available to the church. Communion with Christ was thus bound up with Christ's person in his saving uniqueness. He himself and he alone, for Calvin and for the whole Reformation, was our wisdom, righteousness, sanctification and redemption (1 Cor. 1:30).
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Nelly, Nelly, and Murni Yanti. "Pentingnya Karakteristik Murid Kristus bagi Jemaat menurut Kisah Para Rasul 2:41-47." KHARISMATA: Jurnal Teologi Pantekosta 3, no. 2 (February 25, 2021): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.47167/kharis.v3i2.50.
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The success of God's work and ministry carried out by the early church centered on the characteristics of the early church who were disciples of Christ. The church today needs to pay attention to the principle developed by the early church, namely, the characteristics of the disciples of Christ. This article aims to show the important characteristics of Christ's disciples through reading Acts 2: 41-47. By using the descriptive analysis method, several characteristics mentioned in the text are obtained, namely: perseverance, prayer, and unity. In conclusion, believers, congregations, or those who call themselves disciples of Christ, must have characteristics that make them different from people who only follow God as a mere religious obligation.AbstrakKeberhasilan pekerjaan Tuhan dan pelayanan yang dilakukan oleh gereja mula-mula berpusat pada karakteristik jemaat mula-mula yang adalah murid Kristus. Gereja masa kini perlu memerhatikan prinsip yang dikembangkan oleh gereja mula-mula, yakni karakteristik murid Kristus. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan pentingnya karakteristik murid Kristus melalui pembacaan Kisah Para Rasul 2:41-47. Dengan menggunakan metode analsis deskriptif diperoleh beberapa karakteristik yang disebut pada teks tersebut, yakni: bertekun, berdoa, dan bersatu. Kesimpulannya, orang percaya, jemaat, atau yang menyebut dirinya sebagai murid Kristus, harus memiliki karakteristik yang menjadikannya berbeda dengan orang yang hanya mengikut Tuhan sebagai kewajiban agamawi belaka.
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Jones, Paul Dafydd. "On patience: thinking with and beyond Karl Barth." Scottish Journal of Theology 68, no. 3 (July 7, 2015): 273–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930615000113.
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AbstractThis article has three goals: (1) to provide a careful analysis of Barth's treatment of divine patience in Church Dogmatics II/1; (2) to show how Barth's thinking about divine patience helps to illumine his account of human being and human activity in later portions of the Church Dogmatics; and (3) to offer a series of constructive suggestions which connect Barth's theology with liberationist visions of human existence.With respect to Church Dogmatics II/1, I argue that Barth breaks with a number of earlier thinkers and focuses attention on God's exercise of patience, treating it as a key dimension of God's creative and providential work. This exercise of patience means, specifically, that God accords creatures their own integrity and a capacity for free action, tempers God's punishment of sin and, in Christ, fulfils but does not temporally close the covenant. My analysis of divine patience in II/1 then serves as an interpretative key for reading later volumes of the Dogmatics. It sets in vivid relief Barth's belief that Christ's fulfilment of the covenant, achieved through Christ's life, suffering, death and resurrection, is the condition of possibility for humans being able to act with genuine integrity and consequence in the created realm. I propose, too, that Barth develops his thinking about patience by emphasising the ‘pressure’ of the patient God's empowering command – a command which is a constant summons, directed towards each and every human being, to live freely into God's future through acts of gratitude, obedience and responsibility, and to play some part in bringing creation to its glorious end. Finally, I explore the convergence between certain aspects of the Church Dogmatics and anti-essentialist construals of the self in contemporary theology. I aim to identify points of connection between Barth and thinkers like Marcella Althaus-Reid, and I voice support for a style of scholarship which elides the distinction between ‘systematic’ and ‘liberationist’ modes of inquiry.
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Voron, Oksana. "Social service of the Roman Catholic Church in Ukraine as part of its missionary activity." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 66 (February 26, 2013): 416–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2013.66.290.
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The Church as a religious institution has various forms of manifestation of its presence in society and ways of realizing its main vocation-preaching the Gospel. Among the various forms and methods of communication of faith, the urgency of which today is actualized by a number of objective reasons, special attention should be paid to the so-called "evangelism to charity". In particular, the "Decree on Missionary Activity of the Church" states that "missionaries can and must patiently, prudently and with great confidence to give Christ's testimony an expression of love and charity, and only to prepare the way for the Lord ..." '. That is, the testimony of a word requires compulsory confirmation by acts of mercy. "Good news", as remarked by Roman Catholic priests, can not be preached to the hungry. The duty of the preacher is to feed first, and then talk about the kingdom of God; While preaching the gospel, we should not forget about the daily, terrestrial things, about the urgent needs of people. without this the Gospel is dead. "
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Prasetyo, Widi. "Rekrutmen Pelayan Yang Ideal Menurut Kisah Para Rasul 6:3." Journal Kerusso 1, no. 1 (March 16, 2016): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33856/kerusso.v1i1.47.
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This article discusses the recruitmen servant of God in the church to see the background of the election of the seven deacon were chosen from Acts 6:3 with focus on the requirement: 1. Famous either; 2. Full of the spirit; 3. Full of wisdom. And do not overlook about Biblical selection procedures. And considering the impact of recruitment for evangelism and church growth.Keywords: transition time,leadership, Christian institution.
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Purwoto, Paulus. "Tinjauan Teologis Tentang Gereja Sejati dan Aplikasinya Bagi Pelayanan Gereja Kontemporer." SHAMAYIM: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani 1, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.51615/sha.v1i1.4.
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AbstractThe church is a chosen group or congregation, namely those who are called by God to come out of the world, go away from sin and enter into the realm of grace. The church has a relationship with God's people in the Old Testament, where in the Old Testament God chose Abraham as the embryo of the birth of the nation of Israel, which was God's chosen nation. Theologically, the idea of God's people being called out clearly existed in Old Testament times, as well as in New Testament times. Linguistically the Greek word ekklesia appears repeatedly in connection with Israel in the Septuagint translation. The elements in the Old Testament exist in the New Testament church, however, they cannot be correctly equated between the Old Testament congregation and the church, because the church is a new product, founded on the Lord Jesus, made by the Holy Spirit and contains people from all the races of all nations become one new people of God. The true church has the signs as described in the Word of God. The purpose of this research is to conduct a theological review of the true church and its application to the contemporary church. The method used in this research is literature study method. The true church has signs, joy, holiness, truth, mission, unity, love, proclaims the Word of God properly, uses the sacraments properly, and exercises church discipline. The conclusion of this study is that the true church has signs that can be applied in contemporary church ministry.Key words: Chruch, Contemporer, True, Ministry AbstrakGereja adalah kumpulan atau jemaat pilihan, yaitu mereka yang dipanggil Allah keluar dari dunia, pergi dari dosa dan masuk ke dalam wilayah anugerah. Gereja memiliki relasi dengan umat Allah dalam Perjanjian Lama, dimana dalam Perjanjian Lama Tuhan memilih Abraham sebagai embrio lahirnya Bangsa Israel yang merupakan bangsa pilihan Allah. Secara teologis gagasan tentang umat Allah yang dipanggil keluar jelas telah eksis pada masa Perjanjian Lama, sebagaimana pada masa Perjanjian Baru. Secara linguistik kata Yunani ekklesia muncul berulang kali dalam kaitannya dengan Israel dalam terjemahan Septuaginta. Unsur-unsur dalam Perjanjian Lama tersebut ada dalam gereja Perjanjian Baru, namun demikian tidak dapat disamakan dengan tepat antara Jemaah Perjanjian Lama dengan gereja, oleh karena gereja adalah sesuatu produk baru, didirikan diatas Tuhan Yesus, dijadikan oleh Roh Kudus dan berisi orang-orang dari segala ras dari seluruh bangsa menjadi satu umat Allah yang baru. Gereja sejati memiliki tanda-tanda sebagaimana dijelaskan dalam Firman Tuhan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan tinjauan teologis tentang gereja sejati dan aplikasinya bagi gereja kontemporer. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode studi literatur. Gereja sejati memiliki tanda-tanda, sukacita, kekudusan, kebenaran, misi, kesatuan, kasih, memberitakan Firman Tuhan dengan benar, menggunakan sakramen dengan benar, dan menjalankan disiplin gereja. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa gereja sejati memiliki tanda-tanda yang dapat diaplikasikan dalam pelayanan gereja kontemporer.Kata kunci: Gereja, Kontemporer, Sejati, Pelayanan.
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Bellitto, Christopher M. "The Spirituality of Reform in the Late Medieval Church: The Example of Nicolas de Clamanges." Church History 68, no. 1 (March 1999): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3170107.
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For the Parisian humanist and Avignon papal secretary Nicolas de Clamanges, reform of the late medieval church began not in capite but with personal reform grounded in a spirituality that was itself built on patristic principles. His colleagues, including Jean Gerson and Pierre d'Ailly at the Council of Constance, first located reform institutionally in capite and expected it to trickle down in membris. Clamanges by contrast applied the fathers' emphasis on individual spiritual growth to the late medieval church: a preparatory and indispensable reformatio personalis must constantly be at work in order for broader reform to succeed. He particularly contended that God would grant each Christian guidance and lead his spiritual progress through purgative suffering in fear, humility, and solitude that followed Christ's example. Only by this path could the entire church—member by member—return to union, peace, and purity. In this way Clamanges married the patristic goal of personal reform to the prevailing interior spirituality of his age with its focus on the humanity and suffering of Christ. Clamanges's important religious ideas have frequently been overlooked, however, by the high-profile careers of his close friends d'Ailly and Gerson as well as by Clamanges's own role in French humanism. By looking at his reform thought we will take one step toward identifying Clamanges as far more than an elegant writer while we use his ideas to explore how individual spirituality and personal reform were closely aligned in the troubled church of the late Middle Ages.
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Prasetyo, Widi s., Fernando Nababan, Ani Teguh Purwanto, and Daniel Ari Wibowo. "Soteriological Studies About The Concept Of Choice God According To Romans 9:6-16." Journal KERUGMA 3, no. 2 (October 20, 2020): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33856/kerugma.v3i2.196.
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God acts to choose a person or group and within a larger community, for a purpose or future of His own choosing. The main OT word for this word is bak-har (bak-har), which means to choose someone or something carefully, after carefully considering other possibilities. This word includes the mind, is very fond of the chosen thing, and sometimes receives pleasure from it. In the LXX and the NT the verb which corresponds to ba-khar is eklegomai. In ancient Greek this language was usually used in an active sense, and the biblical writers used it in a form meaning to choose for himself. (Hareomai) Haireomai, used of God's election in 2 Thess 2:13, and in Deut. 26:18 LXX, with the same meaning.
The Hebrew verb (yada) (yada), meaning to know which is used for various ways of knowing, at least in the mind, containing and expressing love such as sexual relations, or confession on the part of one who believes in God is used in Gen. 18:19; Hos 13:5 concerning the election of God means knowing God in love. Likewise, the Greek word proginosko meaning “to know beforehand” is translated “He chose” in Romans 8:29.Election is a fully sovereign act of God; Allah is in no way obligated to choose anyone because everyone has lost his position before Allah. Even after Christ's death, God was still under no obligation to carry out salvation. Except that He had to keep the agreement He had made with Christ regarding the salvation of mankind. So, God's election is a fully sovereign act because there is no coercion from anyone.
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Bailey, Lisa Kaaren. "Servants of god?: Servi in the letters of Gregory the great." Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association 17, no. 1 (2021): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35253/jaema.2021.1.2.
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When Gregory the Great styled himself 'servant of the servants of God' in his correspondence, he was drawing on a long tradition of using service as a metaphor to describe appropriate religious leadership and piety. However, his letters also reveal a church filled with servi, whose service to religion was neither metaphorical nor chosen, and upon whom both religious institutions and individuals were utterly dependent. This article explores the conjunction and disjunction between the rhetoric of service as a religious ideal in Gregory's correspondence, and the reality of service, which his letters indirectly reveal. It argues that the rhetoric and reality of service both shaped each other and that service thereby became a determinative model of behaviour in late antique and early medieval Christianity. Gregory's letters are therefore a useful case-study through which to explore an important issue in the development of the church as a sociallyembedded institution.
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Ardijanto, Don Bosco Karnan. "PERAYAAN EKARISTI SEBAGAI SUMBER DAN PUNCAK SELURUH HIDUP KRISTIANI." JPAK: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Katolik 20, no. 1 (April 3, 2020): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.34150/jpak.v20i1.255.
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The Eucharist is the source and summit of the Christian life. Many faithful celebrate the Eucharist: some experience the Eucharist's impact, but many do not feel the impact of the Eucharist on their daily lives. The Eucharist is the memory of Christ's sacrifice on the cross. He himself is present at the Eucharist. Therefore the Eucharist is a source of grace and blessing to the lives of the faithful: to bring the fruits of redemption and to be the source of life for the faithful; building–living–reviving the Church. The Eucharist is also a source of repentance and forgiveness as well as a source for developing faith, hope, and love. The Eucharist is the offering of Christ and His Church. Therefore, in the Eucharist the faithful offer their entire lives to be transformed into a source of life and blessing for them and the whole world. In the spirit of repentance, the faithful are also called to offer themselves in faith, hope and love. Celebrating the Eucharist and seriously believing its truths will illuminate the daily lives of the faithful and grow in love for the Eucharist, so that they grow in love for God and others in Christ.
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Sonderegger, Katherine. "Barth and the divine perfections." Scottish Journal of Theology 67, no. 4 (October 10, 2014): 450–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930614000210.
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AbstractColin Gunton advanced the radical claim that Christians have univocal knowledge of God. Just this, he said in Act and Being, was the fruit of Christ's ministry and passion. Now, was Gunton right to find this teaching in Karl Barth – or at least, as an implication of Barth's celebrated rejection of ‘hellenist metaphysics’? This article aims to answer this question by examining Gunton's own claim in Act and Being, followed by a closer inspection of Barth's analysis of the doctrine of analogy in a long excursus in Church Dogmatics II/1.Contrary to some readings of Barth, I find Barth to be remarkably well-informed about the sophisticated terms of contemporary Roman Catholic debate about analogy, including the work of G. Sohngen and E. Pryzwara. Barth's central objection to the doctrine of analogy in this section appears to be the doctrine's reckless division (in Barth's eyes) of the Being of God into a ‘bare’ God, the subject of natural knowledge, and the God of the Gospel, known in Jesus Christ. But such reckless abstraction cannot be laid at the feet of Roman theologians alone! Barth extensively examines, and finds wanting, J. A. Quenstedt's doctrine of analogy, and the knowledge of God it affords, all stripped, Barth charges, of the justifying grace of Jesus Christ. From these pieces, Barth builds his own ‘doctrine of similarity’, a complex and near-baroque account, which seeks to ground knowledge of God in the living act of his revelation and redemption of sinners. All this makes one tempted to say that Gunton must be wrong in his assessment either of univocal predication or of its roots in the theology of Karl Barth.But passages from the same volume of the Church Dogmatics make one second-guess that first conclusion. When Barth turns from his methodological sections in volume II/1 to the material depiction of the divine perfections, he appears to lay aside every hesitation and speak as directly, as plainly and, it seems, as ‘univocally’ as Gunton could ever desire. Some examples from the perfection of divine righteousness point to Barth's startling use of frank and direct human terms for God's own reality and his unembarrassed use of such terms to set out the very ‘heart of God’.Yet things are never quite what they seem in Barth. A brief comparison between Gunton's univocal predication and Barth's own use of christological predication reveals some fault-lines between the two, and an explanation, based on Barth's own doctrine of justification, is offered in its place.
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Creech, Joe. "Visions of Glory: The Place of the Azusa Street Revival in Pentecostal History." Church History 65, no. 3 (September 1996): 405–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3169938.
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As news of the great Welsh Revival of 1904 reached Southern California, Frank Bartleman, an itinerant evangelist and pastor living in Los Angeles, became convinced that God was preparing to revitalize his beloved holiness movement with a powerful, even apocalyptic, spiritual awakening. Certain that events in Wales would be duplicated in California, Bartleman reported in 1905 that “the Spirit is brooding over our land.… Los Angeles, Southern California, and the whole continent shall surely find itself ere long in the throes of a mighty revival.” In 1906 he speculated that theSan Francisco earthquake “was surely the voice of God to the people on the Pacific Coast.” Bartleman indeed witnessed such a revival, for in early April 1906, this “Latter Rain” outpouring had begun to fall on a small gathering of saints led by William J. Seymour, a black holiness preacher. At a vacant AME mission at 312 Azusa Street, countless pentecostals received the baptism of the Holy Spirit evidenced by speaking in other tongues—a “second Pentecost” replicating the first recorded in Acts 2. Bartleman, who also experienced this, would soon become integral to the revival's growth by reporting the events at Los Angeles within a vast network of holiness and higher life periodicals. As during other religious awakenings, such reports not only generated the perception of widespread divine activity but also provided an interpretive scheme for understanding the meaning of such activity. For Bartleman, Azusa was the starting point of a worldwide awakening that would initiate Christ's return. He reported: “Los Angeles seems to be the place, and this the time, in the mind of God, for the restoration of the church to her former place.”
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Terka, Mariusz. "Nauczanie św. Augustyna o Żydach w świetle "Enarrationes in psalmos"." Vox Patrum 57 (June 15, 2012): 677–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.4160.
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Christian reflection of God’s Revelation, given especially in Jesus Christ, from the very beginning has developed with a personal tension between the continuing message of the Old Testament and the newness brought on by the New Covenant. The Christian attitude towards the traditions of Judaism have held a special place in this field. Many of the early Christian writers engaged in this attitude, proclaiming the superiority of the Gospel to the Law of Moses, meanwhile also underlining the idea of continuity, which occurred between the Church and Israel. These same views found their way into the teachings of St. Augustine, among others, in his Enarrationes in Psalmos. The main perspective from which he looks at this problem always remains the mystery of Christ and the Church. That is why his views are theological in nature, and not socio-political. The Synagogue, which symbolizes the Jewish people, is described by St. Augustine as a mother figure. Christ leaving her behind was due to the rejection by the Synagogue, which is – according to St. Augustine – based on a misunderstanding of the mystery of the Incarnation and the Paschal Mystery. Which is also why, Christ is left crucified for synagogue, which does not see his beauty, but only his scandal. Another metaphor, which Augustine uses to try and describe the Church and its relationship to the people of the Old Covenant, is the image of God and the physical Church building. It is based on the foundation, which is not only Christ, but also the apostles and prophets. Therefore, what determines the belonging to the Church of the Jews, as well as the Gentiles, is their regard to Christ and the prophetic-apostolic tradition. The Church – the building of God is not something newly created, but in determining its identity refers to the tradition of Israel as the chosen people and because, like him, can be called God’s heritage. His rejection by part of Israel, expressed in the crucifixion of Christ, led the division in himself. The primary legacy of Abraham has been split. Some remained the wall of the church, others turned to dust. Thus, St. Augustine teaches two types of Israel: the corporeal, which rejects Christ and the spiritual, which is the true Church. What determines the division within the chosen people, and what is the cause of this rupture, which occurs in it, is a phenomenon referred to by Augustine as the term „physicality” (meaning of the body), consisting of directing the heart towards temporal and earthly values. The physicality and the related closure to God, involves not only the opposition of the Jews against Christ himself, but also of the Church and this is expressed in the various forms of persecution of Christians. This enmity, however, does not mean their complete separation, as Augustine points out that the thread binding the Jewish people to the Church, is their common origin. Although Jews, like Esau, have lost their heritage and their place was taken by Jacob – the true Israel, or the Church, after all, he also comes from Abraham, and belongs to the chosen people. This makes the reciprocal relationship of Jews and Christians not a simple ratio of the persecutor and the persecuted, but has a deeper dimension, which takes place between the dynamics of communication and conflicts, struggles and relationships. It is because of this that, even though Jews do not recognize Christ at the time of his coming, they may still believe in Him if they have already accomplished the work of salvation, for it is He alone who restores their vision of faith. Therefore, their fate, whose image is the figure of Cain – the persecutor, turns out to be not so much intended as a providential event. The possibility of faith was open not only to the individual repenting (returning from the wrong path) Jews, but also to the whole nation.
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Reitsma, Bernhard. "Don’t Curse the Darkness, Light a Candle. The Challenge of Islam within the Cultural Diversity of Europe." European Journal of Theology 29, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/ejt2020.1.005.reit.
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ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDieser Artikel beleuchtet, wie die christliche Kirche in Europa der Herausforderung der Präsenz von Muslimen in Europa begegnen soll. Er vertritt die grundlegende Ansicht, dass dieser Herausforderung im Licht einer theologischen Reflexion über die Offenbarung Gottes in Jesus Christus zu begegnen ist, wie sie die Heiligen Schrift offenbart. Reitsma zeigt auf, dass der Islam ‐ wie das Christentum ‐ vielschichtig und bei weitem nicht statisch ist. Gott beabsichtigte, dass die christliche Gemeinschaft das nach seinem Ebenbild geschaffene Volk darstellt als wiederhergestellte Schöpfungsgemeinschaft und Mitregenten des Schöpfers. Der Artikel argumentiert, dass kulturelle (und religiöse) Vielfalt schöpfungsbedingt und als solches eine gute Sache ist. Islam und Christentum haben unterschiedliche Wahrheitsansprüche, denn obgleich der Islam als eine abrahamitische Religion angesehen werden kann, können doch seine ganz unterschiedlichen Standpunkte hinsichtlich der Natur Gottes und der Erlösung nicht ignoriert werden. Nichtsdestoweniger sind Christen dazu berufen, Muslimen die Liebe Gottes anstatt Hass entgegenzubringen. Durch die Gnade Christi und die Kraft des Heiligen Geistes ist es möglich, als eine multikulturelle und multiethnische Gesellschaft in Frieden und Harmonie zu leben.RÉSUMÉL’auteur aborde ici la question de la manière dont l’Église chrétienne se doit de réagir face à la présence musulmane en Europe. C’est fondamentalement à la lumière d’une réflexion théologique sur la révélation de Dieu en Jésus-Christ, telle que révélée dans l’Écriture, qu’il convient d’aborder cette question. Il souligne que l’islam ‐ tout comme le christianisme ‐, présente une grande diversité et est loin d’être statique. Dieu a voulu que la communauté chrétienne soit le peuple créé à son image, la communauté restaurée de la création et le vice-roi du Créateur. Il soutient que la diversité culturelle (et religieuse) fait partie de la création et constitue à ce titre une bonne chose. L’islam et le christianisme se revendiquent de la vérité de manières différentes, car bien que l’islam puisse être reconnu comme une religion abrahamique, on ne peut ignorer ses perspectives fondamentalement différentes sur la nature de Dieu et sur la nature du salut. Les chrétiens sont cependant appelés à manifester l’amour de Dieu aux musulmans, plutôt que de l’animosité. Sous la grâce apportée par Christ et par la puissance de l’Esprit, il est possible de vivre en paix et en harmonie au sein d’une société multiculturelle et pluriethnique.SUMMARYThis article considers how the Christian Church in Europe should respond to the challenge of the presence of Muslims in Europe. The basic stance is that this challenge should be addressed in the light of theological reflection on God’s revelation in Jesus Christ as revealed in the Scriptures. Reitsma points out that Islam ‐ like Christianity ‐ is very diverse and far from static. God intended the Christian community as the people created in his image, the restored community of creation and the viceroy of the creator. It is argued that cultural (and religious) diversity are given with the creation and as such a good thing. The truth claims of Islam and Christianity are different, because even though Islam can be recognised as an Abrahamic religion, its fundamental differences in outlook concerning the nature of God and of salvation cannot be ignored. Yet Christians are called to show Muslims the love of God rather than hatred. Under the grace of Christ and through the power of the Spirit it is possible to live in peace and harmony as a multicultural and multi-ethnic society.
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Reitsma, Bernhard. "Don’t Curse the Darkness, Light a Candle. The Challenge of Islam within the Cultural Diversity of Europe." European Journal of Theology 29, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/ejt2020.1.005.reit.
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ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Dieser Artikel beleuchtet, wie die christliche Kirche in Europa der Herausforderung der Präsenz von Muslimen in Europa begegnen soll. Er vertritt die grundlegende Ansicht, dass dieser Herausforderung im Licht einer theologischen Reflexion über die Offenbarung Gottes in Jesus Christus zu begegnen ist, wie sie die Heiligen Schrift offenbart. Reitsma zeigt auf, dass der Islam – wie das Christentum – vielschichtig und bei weitem nicht statisch ist. Gott beabsichtigte, dass die christliche Gemeinschaft das nach seinem Ebenbild geschaffene Volk darstellt als wiederhergestellte Schöpfungsgemeinschaft und Mitregenten des Schöpfers. Der Artikel argumentiert, dass kulturelle (und religiöse) Vielfalt schöpfungsbedingt und als solches eine gute Sache ist. Islam und Christentum haben unterschiedliche Wahrheitsansprüche, denn obgleich der Islam als eine abrahamitische Religion angesehen werden kann, können doch seine ganz unterschiedlichen Standpunkte hinsichtlich der Natur Gottes und der Erlösung nicht ignoriert werden. Nichtsdestoweniger sind Christen dazu berufen, Muslimen die Liebe Gottes anstatt Hass entgegenzubringen. Durch die Gnade Christi und die Kraft des Heiligen Geistes ist es möglich, als eine multikulturelle und multiethnische Gesellschaft in Frieden und Harmonie zu leben. RÉSUMÉ L’auteur aborde ici la question de la manière dont l’Église chrétienne se doit de réagir face à la présence musulmane en Europe. C’est fondamentalement à la lumière d’une réflexion théologique sur la révélation de Dieu en Jésus-Christ, telle que révélée dans l’Écriture, qu’il convient d’aborder cette question. Il souligne que l’islam – tout comme le christianisme –, présente une grande diversité et est loin d’être statique. Dieu a voulu que la communauté chrétienne soit le peuple créé à son image, la communauté restaurée de la création et le vice-roi du Créateur. Il soutient que la diversité culturelle (et religieuse) fait partie de la création et constitue à ce titre une bonne chose. L’islam et le christianisme se revendiquent de la vérité de manières différentes, car bien que l’islam puisse être reconnu comme une religion abrahamique, on ne peut ignorer ses perspectives fondamentalement différentes sur la nature de Dieu et sur la nature du salut. Les chrétiens sont cependant appelés à manifester l’amour de Dieu aux musulmans, plutôt que de l’animosité. Sous la grâce apportée par Christ et par la puissance de l’Esprit, il est possible de vivre en paix et en harmonie au sein d’une société multiculturelle et pluriethnique. SUMMARY This article considers how the Christian Church in Europe should respond to the challenge of the presence of Muslims in Europe. The basic stance is that this challenge should be addressed in the light of theological reflection on God’s revelation in Jesus Christ as revealed in the Scriptures. Reitsma points out that Islam – like Christianity – is very diverse and far from static. God intended the Christian community as the people created in his image, the restored community of creation and the viceroy of the creator. It is argued that cultural (and religious) diversity are given with the creation and as such a good thing. The truth claims of Islam and Christianity are different, because even though Islam can be recognised as an Abrahamic religion, its fundamental differences in outlook concerning the nature of God and of salvation cannot be ignored. Yet Christians are called to show Muslims the love of God rather than hatred. Under the grace of Christ and through the power of the Spirit it is possible to live in peace and harmony as a multicultural and multi-ethnic society.
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Molnar, Paul D. "Thomas F. Torrance and the problem of universalism." Scottish Journal of Theology 68, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 164–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930615000034.
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AbstractWhile Karl Barth and Thomas F. Torrance both believed in the possibility of universal salvation, they also rejected the idea that we could make a final determination about this possibility prior to the second coming of Jesus Christ. Hence, both theologians rejected what may be called a doctrine of universal salvation in the interest of respecting God's freedom to determine the outcome of salvation history in accordance with the love which was revealed in and through the death and resurrection of Jesus himself. This article explores Torrance's reasons for holding that ‘the voice of the Catholic Church . . . throughout all ages has consistently judged universalism a heresy for faith and a menace to the Gospel’. Torrance expressly believed in the ‘universality of Christ's saving work’ but rejected ‘universalism’ and any idea of ‘limited atonement’. He considered both of these views to be rationalistic approaches which ignore the need for eschatological reserve when thinking about what happens at the end when Christ comes again and consequently tend to read back logical necessities into the gospel of free grace. Whenever this happens, Torrance held that the true meaning of election as the basis for Christian hope is lost and some version of limited atonement or determinism invariably follows. The ultimate problem with universalism then, from Torrance's perspective, can be traced to a form of Nestorian thinking with respect to christology and to a theoretical and practical separation of the person of Christ from his atoning work for us. What I hope to show in this article is that those who advance a ‘doctrine of universalism’ as opposed to its possibility also have an inadequate understanding of the Trinity. Interestingly, Torrance objected to the thinking of John A. T. Robinson and Rudolf Bultmann because both theologians, in their own way, separated knowledge of God for us from knowledge of who God is ‘in himself’. Any such thinking transfers our knowledge of God and of salvation from the objective knowledge of God given in revelation to a type of symbolic, mythological or existential knowledge projected from one's experience of faith and this once again opens the door to both limited atonement and to universalism. Against this Torrance insisted that we cannot speak objectively about what God is doing for us unless we can speak analogically about who God is in himself.
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Owsiński, Piotr A. "Zur Motivierung der Ekklesionyme im Bistum Kielce." Studia Linguistica 37 (January 25, 2019): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1169.37.5.
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On the motivation of ecclesionyms in the diocese of KielceThe article presents the results of the analysis of the names for churches in the diocese of Kielce. The examples are sorted because of that, they refer to: the Holy Trinity, Jesus Christ, the Holy Ghost, the Holy Family, the Mother of God and the Saints of the Catholic Church. The studies show that the names of the Saints are the most popular names of churches in the chosen area. The second group of the ecclesionyms, which enjoy increasing popularity, are the names referring to the Mother of God. The rest of the names seem to be rather rare.The ecclesionyms can be treated as the mirror in which the people see the tendencies of their faith. It is also possible to maintain that the names of the churches are kind a way to interpret the religiosity and spiritual world of the society.
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Żywica, Zdzisław. "Eklezja Mateusza – eschatologiczną „Resztą Izraela”?" Collectanea Theologica 86, no. 1 (November 25, 2016): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/ct.2016.86.1.02.
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In a holistic look at the history of Israel and the Church, Evangelist Matthewseems to express the hope that taken by him idea of “Rest”, proves tobe a kind of bridge for the followers of rabbinic Judaism. He also trusts thatin the eschatological times – finally closed by the Second Coming of the Sonof Man – they profess, at least some of them, faith in Jesus from Nazarethas the Messiah and Son of God at the same time. Faith confessed by themwill allow to enter into the Church and obtain the same equal rights as otherparticipants of that idea in the following centuries of the God’s salvationhistory, in which the chosen people of Abraham will be able to participateas the only nation from the beginning until the definite its completion, withonly a short break discontinued, however, by conversion and return to GodYahweh – the Father of Jesus.
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Korengkeng, Herry Jeuke Nofrie. "Konsep Pengampunan Menurut Matius 18:21-35 dan Implikasinya bagi Gereja Masa Kini." HUPERETES: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen 1, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 150–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46817/huperetes.v1i2.23.
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Forgiveness is a crucial problem for human safety. Because divine forgiveness is a very fundamental part of the salvation of humanity. Therefore a true understanding of God's forgiveness is needed. In Matthew 18: 21-35 Jesus teaches forgiveness without limits through a parable. Through qualitative methods with the type of textual research or pure literary research found that understanding that forgiving without limits is God's demand for every believer. Forgiveness given by God in Jesus Christ is based on God's grace without demanding compensation. God forgives without conditions, without demands, no hidden feelings. Every human being who violates all the commands of God must confront God himself, as the indebted servant is demanded to pay off his debt. By the king's gift, the indebted servant was freed. This illustrates to the believer that God's grace can deliver man completely from all his sins, no matter how heavy and the magnitude of the sin. God demands that believers forgive the guilty just as Christ has forgiven. His whole life is an example, model or lifestyle of every believer. This is the attitude the modern church needs to take to show the nature of Christ's forgiveness as a follower of Christ.Pengampunan merupakan masalah yang sangat menentukan bagi keselamatan manusia. Sebab pengampunan secara ilahi merupakan bagian yang sangat fundamental bagi keselamatan umat manusia. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan pemahaman yang benar tentang pengampunan Allah. Dalam Matius 18:21-35 Yesus mengajarkan pengampunan tanpa batas melalui suatu perumpamaan. Melalui metode kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian tekstual atau penelitian literatur murni ditemukan pemahaman bahwa mengampuni tanpa batas merupakan tuntutan Allah bagi setiap orang percaya. Pengampunan yang diberikan Allah di dalam Yesus Kristus didasarkan pada anugerah Allah tanpa menuntut ganti rugi. Allah mengampuni tanpa syarat, tanpa tuntutan, tidak ada rasa yang terpendam. Setiap manusia yang melanggar segala perintah Tuhan pasti berhadapan langsung dengan Allah sendiri, sebagaimana hamba yang berhutang itu dituntut agar melunasi hutangnya. Oleh anugerah raja itu, hamba yang berhutang banyak itu dibebaskan. Hal ini menggambarkan kepada orang percaya bahwa anugerah Tuhan itu dapat membebaskan manusia dengan sempurna dari segala dosanya, bagaimanapun berat dan besarnya dosa itu. Allah menuntut supaya orang percaya mengampuni orang yang bersalah sama seperti Kristus telah mengampuni. Keseluruhan hidup-Nya adalah contoh, model atau gaya hidup setiap orang percaya. Inilah sikap yang perlu diambil oleh gereja masa kini yakni menunjukkan sifat pengampunan Kristus sebagai pengikut Kristus.
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Wijaya, Hendi. "Pertobatan di Dalam Philokalia: Artikel Ulasan." DUNAMIS: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani 3, no. 1 (November 30, 2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30648/dun.v3i1.174.
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Abstract. This is a review article of repentance according to the writers of Philokalia. Philokalia is a collection of texts written between the fourth and fifteenth centuries by monks and Church Fathers from the Orthodox Christian tradition. Repentance is a process of renewing the inner man with tears so that the outer man is being process of holy before God and mature in Christ. There are two main points of the review: the process of repentance and the results of repentance. The process of repentance is the renewal of NOUS to Christ's maturity so that our NOUS or the intellect is not subject to the body or the desires of the flesh. The result of repentance is the sanctity of life and baptism in truth.Abstrak. Artikel ini adalah sebuah ulasan tentang pertobatan menurut pandangan para Bapa Gereja dalam buku Philokalia. Philokalia adalah kumpulan teks yang ditulis antara abad keempat sampai kelima belas oleh para rahib dan Bapa Gereja dalam tradisi Kristen Ortodoks. Pertobatan adalah suatu proses pembaruan manusia batiniah dengan air mata sehingga manusia lahiriah kembali menjadi kudus di hadapan Allah menuju kedewasaan ke arah Kristus. Ada 2 hal pokok pembahasan yaitu proses pertobatan dan hasil pertobatan. Proses pertobatan adalah pembaruan NOUS menuju kedewasaan seperti Kristus sehingga NOUS atau the intellect kita tidak takluk pada tubuh atau keinginan daging. Hasil pertobatan adalah kesucian hidup di dalam kebenaran dan pengudusan baptisan.
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Kim, Seon Yong. "Ancient Binding Spells, Amulets and Matt 16.18–19: Revisiting August Dell's Proposal a Century Later." New Testament Studies 62, no. 3 (May 27, 2016): 378–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688516000102.
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The goal of this essay is to reopen the unfortunately unrefined but still illuminating proposal of August Dell a century ago – a proposal to read the motif of ‘bind and unbind’ in Matt 16.19 against the backdrop of ancient magical conventions – and to corroborate this hypothesis with philological precision and contextualisation. The present study seeks to demonstrate how central the motif of ‘bind and unbind’ was to most binding spells and amulets, and how the verbs λύειν and δέειν and their cognates might have evoked the conventions of binding magic when heard in religious and ritual contexts. We see Matt 16.19 as a literary reappropriation of a typical binding spell, crafted to highlight Peter's authority to ‘bind’ and ‘break’ whatever entities he should choose. Jesus' guarantee that he/God will ‘unbind’ whatever target Peter ‘unties' is to be understood as a clear indication that Peter is endowed with an invincible potency over every other spiritual entity, symbolised by the power to break any ‘binding’ spell. The security of the church against malevolent and harmful spiritual entities is further guaranteed by Christ's promise, if read in ancient binding magical conventions: Christ will give Peter the key of the kingdom of heaven so that Peter as the key-bearer may become a figure who can channel the full potency of the keyed object.
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de Bruijne, Ad. "Living with Scripture, Living in a Democracy." European Journal of Theology 28, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/ejt2019.2.004.brui.
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RésuméLes chrétiens ont souvent fait face à des tensions entre leur identité chrétienne et leur statut de citoyens d’une démocratie. Ces tensions constituent une forme particulière de l’inévitable problème fondamental que rencontrent les chrétiens dans toute société au sein de laquelle ils vivent. À la suite de Saint Augustin, on peut exprimer cela en terme de la difficulté à articuler la double appartenance, à la cité de Dieu d’une part et à la « cité des hommes » de l’autre. En dépit de ces tensions, et en vertu de la providence divine, la participation des chrétiens peut aussi contribuer à des bénédictions temporaires pour la société à laquelle ils appartiennent. L’histoire du monde occidental en fournit bien des exemples, dont fait partie l’émergence même des démocraties. Dans le contexte postchrétien actuel, ces fruits historiques de l’influence chrétienne sont souvent dissociés de leurs racines et deviennent par conséquent instables, ou sont contrecarrés par des difficultés, voire des impasses. Ayant conservé leurs racines, les chrétiens peuvent souvent clarifier les choses et proposer des solutions. La contribution chrétienne peut s’avérer fructueuse, par exemple dans le contexte contemporain de l’opposition entre la version libérale de la démocratie de l’Europe occidentale et la version non libérale de l’Europe de l’Est. L’auteur conclut en mentionnant cinq points devant retenir l’attention concernant la participation de chrétiens à la vie d’une démocratie : il s’agit de rester attaché à l’Église qui constitue la communauté politique du Royaume à venir, de considérer l’identification à un organe politique terrestre comme demeurant secondaire, de promouvoir des activités au bénéfice de la société depuis le sein de l’Église, de tenir compte du fait que les objectifs moraux dans le contexte de la société doivent être différents de ceux que l’on adopte dans le contexte de l’Église, et de demeurer fidèle à un style de vie prophétique par la parole et les actes.SummaryChristians have traditionally experienced tensions between their Christian identity and their citizenship in a democracy. This tension is a special variant of the inevitable underlying classical challenge for Christians in all societies where they live. Following Augustine, this can be expressed as the challenge to combine the dual citizenships of the city of God and the ‘city of man’. Despite such tensions, under God’s providence the participation of Christians can also lead to temporary blessings for their societies. Western history provides many examples of this, the development of democracy being one of them. In the current post-Christian context these historical fruits of Christian influence have often become detached from their roots and therefore become unstable or burdened by difficulties and even deadlocks. Being still connected to that root, Christians can often provide clarification and contribute to solutions. This Christian contribution can be made fruitful, for example, in the contemporary clash between Western European liberal and Eastern European illiberal versions of democracy. The article concludes with five points of attention for Christian participation in a democracy: staying anchored in the Church as the political community of the future kingdom, considering earthly political identifications as secondary, developing public grass roots activities from within the Church, realising that moral aims in the context of society have to be different from those in the context of the Church, and remaining faithful to a prophetic lifestyle in word and deed.ZusammenfassungChristen erleben für gewöhnlich Spannungen zwischen ihrer Identität als Christ und als Staatsbürger in einer Demokratie. Diese Spannung stellt eine besondere Variante der unvermeidlichen klassischen Herausforderung dar, der Christen in jeglicher Gesellschaftsform begegnen. Gemäß Augustinus mag sich dies in der Schwierigkeit ausdrücken, die doppelte Staatsbürgerschaft in der ,,Stadt Gottes“ und der ,,Stadt der Menschen“ miteinander zu vereinen. Trotz derartiger Spannungen kann durch die Vorsehung Gottes auch der Einfluss von Christen zu vorübergehenden Segnungen für ihre Gesellschaft führen. Die westliche Geschichte liefert viele Beispiele hierfür, und die Entwicklung der Demokratie ist nur eines davon. Im gegenwärtigen nachchristlichen Kontext haben sich diese historisch gewachsenen Ergebnisse christlichen Einflusses häufig von ihren Wurzeln gelöst und wurden daher unstabil oder von Schwierigkeiten und sogar Blockaden überfrachtet. Solange Christen immer noch mit diesen Wurzeln verbunden sind, sind sie oftmals in der Lage, für eine Klärung von Situationen zu sorgen und zu Lösungen beizutragen. Dieser christliche Einfluss kann zum Beispiel im gegenwärtigen Konflikt zwischen liberalen westeuropäischen und illiberalen osteuropäischen Formen von Demokratie genutzt werden. Der Artikel schließt mit fünf Punkten, die für den Beitrag von Christen in einer Demokratie zu berücksichtigen sind: Christen bleiben in der Gemeinde als der politischen Gemeinschaft des künftigen Reiches Gottes verhaftet, säkulare politische Zuordnungen werden als sekundär betrachtet, öffentliche Basisaktivitäten werden aus der Gemeinde heraus entwickelt, in der Einsicht, dass sich ethische Zielsetzungen im gesellschaftlichen Kontext von jenen im Gemeindekontext unterscheiden müssen und unter der Voraussetzung, dass Christen einem prophetischen Lebensstil in Wort und Tat treu bleiben.
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Tulejski, Tomasz, and Arnold Zawadzki. "Golem i Lewiatan. Judaistyczne źródła teologii politycznej Thomasa Hobbesa." Politeja 16, no. 2(59) (December 31, 2019): 207–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.16.2019.59.14.
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Golem and Leviathan: Judaic Sources of Thomas Hobbes’s Political Theology
In the article, the Authors point out that Hobbes’s political philosophy (and in fact theology) in the heterodox layer is inspired not only by Judeo-Christianity, but also by rabbinic Judaism. According to them, only adopting such a Judaic and in a sense syncretistic perspective enabled Hobbes to come to such radical conclusions, hostile towards the Catholic and Calvinist conceptions of the state and the Church. In their argument they focused on three elements that are most important for Hobbesian concept of sovereignty: the covenant between YHWH and the Chosen People, the concept of the Kingdom of God, salvation and the afterlife, and the concept of a messiah.
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Capah, Sohmon Ranja. "Narsisisme Para Imam dalam Perayaan Ekaristi Suci." Studia Philosophica et Theologica 19, no. 2 (March 11, 2020): 144–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35312/spet.v19i2.186.
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The Holy Eucharist is the Great Mystery of Salvation. In the celebration of the Eucharist, God through Jesus Christ in the Holy Spirit redeemed mankind. John Paul II calls the Eucharist a celebration of redemption because Jesus Christ, the High Priest, was present in a real and sacramental manner in the form of bread and wine which was changed into His Body and Blood. Jesus Christ is also present in the priests as in persona Christi. The Eucharist is a celebration of salvation because Jesus Christ sacrificed and became a spiritual meal for His people, the Church. In short, the Eucharist is the work of God Himself who calls His people to live and unite with Him. God is the main actor, owner and master of the celebration of the Holy Eucharist. Priests are alter Christiwho are chosen and ordained to serve the Eucharist. Priests act in the name of Christ not on themselves. They represent, work together and unite with Christ, the Author and the main Subject of the Eucharistic sacrifice, offering authentic sacrifices namely Christ Himself for the salvation of souls. So the priests were not justified in making the Holy Eucharist a narcissistic stage. They may not carry out self-assertive actions and try to attract the attention of the faithful to themselves.
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Chan, Simon. "The Church and the Development of Doctrine." Journal of Pentecostal Theology 13, no. 1 (2004): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096673690401300104.
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AbstractDoctrines are the authoritative teachings of the Church, yet the modern church is hampered by its inability to speak authoritatively even to its own members on matters of doctrine. One reason is that doctrines are widely perceived as archaic and fixed formulations with little significance for the present day. True doctrines, in fact, are constantly developing as the Church moves towards eschatological fulfillment. Yet for doctrines to develop properly there needs to be a proper ecclesiology. The Church is not an entity that God brought into being to return creation to its original purpose after the Fall; rather, the Church is prior to creation, chosen in Christ before the creation of the world (Eph. 1.4). It is a divine-humanity, ontologically linked to Christ the Head. It is the living Body of Christ, the totus Christus.Within the continuing life of prayer and worship, the Church’s doctrines are re-enacted, renewed and developed. These acts constitute the ecclesial experience or the living tradition. The living tradition is the transmission and development of the gospel of Jesus Christ in the on-going practices of the Church through the power of the Holy Spirit. The coming of the Spirit upon the Church at Pentecost is not just to enable the Church to preach the gospel but to constitute the Church as part of the gospel itself. That is to say, the gospel story includes the story of the Spirit in the Church. The third person of the Godhead is revealed as such in his special relation to the Church. The Church, therefore, could be called the ‘polity of the Spirit’, that is, the public square in which the Spirit is especially at work to bring God’s ultimate purpose to fulfillment. There is, therefore, no separation between ecclesiology and pneumatology. They are necessary for maintaining the living tradition and ensuring the healthy development of doctrine until the Church attains unity of the faith. Pentecostals who see the Pentecost event as the distinctive mark of their identity have a special role to play: by becoming more truly catholic in their ecclesiology, they become more truly Pentecostal. This accords well with their early ecumenical instinct.
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Lindley, Keith. "Irish adventurers and godly militants in the 1640s." Irish Historical Studies 29, no. 113 (May 1994): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400018745.
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This paper will attempt to shed some additional light on the background and motives of those who were to play a leading part in the scheme for the Irish adventurers. The focus will be upon those Englishmen, and Londoners in particular, who invested from 1642 onwards in the reconquest of Ireland in return for grants of Irish land once the island had been secured again. It will be argued that militants who regarded themselves as belonging to the chosen ranks of the godly — that is the minority of mankind singled out for salvation by God, and thus constituting his elect or saints — played a leading part in the scheme and were among its most committed participants, and that they later helped to shape English policy towards Ireland. These militants were also ardent advocates of reformation in church and state in England in the 1640s, and they viewed Ireland and the successful Catholic rising in 1641 from a perspective highly coloured by antipopery. They tended to see the struggle taking place in the mid-seventeenth century in Britain, Ireland and Europe generally in black-and-white terms, as a struggle between true religion (by which was meant a thoroughly reformed Protestant church) and the Antichrist as represented by the pope and the forces believed to be ranged under him in the Catholic church.
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Williams, David T. "The Spirit in creation." Scottish Journal of Theology 67, no. 1 (January 15, 2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003693061300029x.
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AbstractThe result of the Arian controversy was the affirmation of the total equality of the trinitarian persons. This led to the realisation that all three persons of the Trinity are involved in every external action of God. Despite this, the role of the Holy Spirit in creation has not been clear, partly due to few specific references in the creation narratives. However, it may be suggested that the Spirit does not act in the creation of matter, which is the role of the second person, but in the provision of the underlying form and order necessary for very existence, and specifically for the dynamic interaction which is of the essence of life, as in the second account of the creation of the man (Gen 2). This reflects the fact that the action of the Spirit is also essential in salvation to link Christ's work on the cross to the believer. While separation is a feature of the Genesis creation narrative, this is balanced by the interrelating of what had been created.So, although Christian theology has commonly seen the world as ‘spirit’-less, restricting the action of the Holy Spirit to the church, this would be understood as referring to the limitation of his direct action. His immanent presence is nevertheless essential in all for very existence. The Spirit is not in the world, but underlies it.Creation may be seen as a theistic act, by transcendent intervention to give matter, and giving interaction in immanent presence. The nature of the world therefore reflects the theistic nature of God, involving both distinction and relating. Indeed it then reflects the trinitarian nature of the creator, in which the persons maintain their absolute distinction at the same time as their total equality through the interaction of perichōrēsis, specifically enabled by the action of the Spirit as generating and undergirding relationship. The parallel between the created and the creator is seen especially insofar as the discrete elements of matter interrelate to give form and interaction.It is in their interaction that the elements of creation fulfil their purpose, and so specifically that humanity reflects its nature as created in imago Dei.
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Bublik, Olga. "Religious component of Soviet ideology as a factor influencing society." Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, no. 6 (337) (2020): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2844-2020-6(337)-109-116.
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The article comprehensively considers the religious component inherent in the development of the Soviet ideological model, the implementation of which began in the 20s of the twentieth century. The aim of the article is a detailed consideration of the religious component of Soviet ideology as a factor in strengthening the Bolshevik influence on the masses, especially during the formation of the Soviet state – 20's – early 30's. According to the author, establishing their own regime, the Bolsheviks tried to establish it as an alternative to the ruling before their coming to power in the USSR Christian Orthodox Church. This was the reason for the way of presenting to society the canons of Soviet ideology, which was based on the involvement of old methods of spreading the Christian religion. As a result of the study, the author concludes that Bolshevism is not just and not so much with the ideological and political movement as with religion. There is a clear substitution in Soviet ideology: just as the Church of Christ was founded on faith in Jesus Christ, so the Bolshevik Party-Church and the new people created had to be based on Lenin, even on his „immortal” body. The author notes that it is no coincidence that the tribunes of the highest ranks of the party and government were created on the mausoleum, above Lenin's body – a direct parallel to the Throne of the Orthodox Church, near which only the clergy can be chosen and which necessarily contains the relics of the saint. The main postulates of Bolshevik atheism were: belief in a bright future „kingdom of God”, belief in the evolutionary origin of man; worship of founders, teachers; the presence of a universal ideology; the idea of world revolution (missionary activity); irreconcilable hostility to other ideologies; the presence of its „clergy” - the party apparatus and the „Inquisition” – the punitive authorities.
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Kočevar, Vanja. "Vloga reformacije v slovenski etnogenezi: Etnična kolektivna identiteta na premici zgodovine dolgega trajanja ▪︎ The Role of the Reformation in Slovene Ethnogenesis: Collective Ethnic Identity in Long-Term History." Stati inu obstati, revija za vprašanja protestantizma 17, no. 33 (June 20, 2021): 13–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26493/2590-9754.17(33)13-46.
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Although the Reformation in both Europe and Slovenia was primarily of a religious nature, its long-term impact on Slovenes is much more visible in their collective ethnic than religious identity. While the sovereign Counter-Reformation abolished Protestantism in the Inner Austrian lands between 1598 and 1628, the Catholic Revival used certain achievements of the movement in its own pursuits. For the further development of Slovenes as an ethnic community, especially four Reformation creations are important: 1) the linguistic norm, 2) the concept of the Slovene church, 3) the myth of the chosen ethnicity and 4) a topos about the great extent of the “Slavic”/Slovene language. In accordance with the ethnosymbolist paradigm, the discussion therefore estimates that in the second half of the 16th century Slovenes developed from an ethnic category into an ethnic network. The Slovene language, which was sporadically written from the end of the first millennium onwards, was finally consolidated as a literary language in 1550 with the first two books published by Primož Trubar. The Protestant literary work reached its peak in 1584, when a translation of the Bible by Jurij Dalmatin and a grammar by Adam Bohorič were published. The concept of the “Slovene church”, which is supposed to unite the entire Slovene-speaking Christian community, was also conceived by Trubar. He presented his idea for the first time in 1555 and completed it in his Cerkovna ordninga (“the Church Order”) from 1564. Although the conceptual programme was not established in the church administration, it significantly influenced the mindset of both Protestant and later Catholic writers in the 17th and 18th centuries. The emergence of the Slovene myth of the chosen ethnicity, which is based on a sentence from the Letter of Paul to the Romans: “and every tongue will praise God” (Romans 14:11), also dates back to the Reformation and as a maxim connects the key literary creations of this period. In addition, Protestant writers relied on the humanistic tradition of emphasizing the great extent of the “Slavic” language, which in fact served to increase the importance of Slovene. This topos was first introduced to Slovene grammars by Bohorič and represents a somewhat later entry of Slovenes into the “(inter)national competition for national honor”, which emerged in Europe during the humanism.
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Kroczek, Piotr. "Prawodawca i jego sztuka." Prawo Kanoniczne 50, no. 1-2 (June 15, 2007): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/pk.2007.50.1-2.08.
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This article originated in an effort to present a church lawgiver, his work, and some of the rules the lawgiver’s work needs to follow to become an art. Rules for making the law should not stand in isolation from the rules that govern the interpretation of that law. In fact, rules for making the law should follow the rules of interpreting that very law. The article consists of two parts. The first one presents the theory of lawgiving while the second offers the rules in question. These rules can be grouped into three categories. Rules in terms of the person of the lawgiver: 1. Get to know yourself, 2. Be aware of your philosophical and theological horizon,3. Be prudent,4. Acquire proper knowledge, 5. Thoroughly estimate the results of the chosen law solution and its alternatives.Rules in term s of the community:1. Take under consideration a community you serve,2. Predict an acceptance of law,3. Take care of acceptance and reception of law,4. Listen to voices of community after the law comes into force.Rules in term s of the text of the law:1. Remember the role of the law in the Church,2. Take care of the theological correctness of the law,3. Make the law according to the thought of the Second Vatican Council,4. Be familiar with the existing legislative system,5. Do your best to formulate a clear law,6. Take into account the common law,7. Create a form of the law adequate to its importance,8. Use proper language to write the law (take care of correct translation), use proper words, and remember about the context of used words,9. Be aware that your words will be interpreted in wide or narrow way.The lawgiving activity takes place within the church itself. It does not come to it from the outside. It flows naturally from the Church’s mission to teach. The exercise of authority in the Church, and that includes the legislature, has its roots in love. When it fails to rely on love it is no longer a Church authority. The process of making church law can be called after L. Orsy: a small participation in the great love of God that presently and perpetually creates the Christian community. We see that acting in accordance with love a church legislator is capable of turning his work into art.
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Vujosevic, Zarko. "Moses as a role model in the Serbia charters after 1371 changing patterns." Balcanica, no. 39 (2008): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc0839069v.
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The aspects of the Old Testament figure of Moses highlighted in the charters of post-Nemanjic Serbia, or under the Lazarevic and Brankovic dynasties (1371-1459), testify to a changed attitude towards Old Testament role models. While members of the Nemanjic house such as the archbishop Sava I and the rulers Stefan of Decani and Dusan look up to Moses as a "religious leader", a prayerful intercessor before God and a victorious warrior, all of that for the sake of the "chosen" people, the role he is assigned in the arengae of the charters issued by prince Lazar and despots Stefan Lazarevic and Djuradj Brankovic is completely different. In the universal Christian context of the post-1371 arengae Moses figures as a "prophet" and the builder of the Tabernacle - a prefiguration of the Church, thereby epitomizing a major stage in the salvation history of humankind. The role of Moses, as well as that of David, the only other Old Testament figure still referred to in the charters of the period, has a universal ecclesiologically interpreted, significance. This new pattern of interpreting Moses implies that the ruler?s main virtue now becomes his concern for the "true faith" and the houses of God. The practice of the Nemanjics as regards selection and interpretation of Old Testament themes is reestablished by the titular despots of the Brankovic dynasty. In their charters, the first part of the Bible with Moses as a popular leader reassumes a "national" character and becomes part of the ideological apparatus intended to posit the Serbs as a "New Israel".
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Kristina Herawati. "Pengaruh Pola Asuh Orang Tua Kristen Terhadap Kecerdasan Emosi Anak." SCRIPTA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pelayanan Kontekstual 6, no. 2 (June 18, 2020): 140–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47154/scripta.v6i2.51.
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Pendidikan adalah hal yang sangat penting untuk dilakukan, pendidikan yang paling efektif terjadi adalah pendidikan di dalam keluarga. Oleh karena keluarga adalah tempat di mana orang tua dan anak lebih banyak menghabiskan waktu, dibanding sekolah atau gereja. Keluarga adalah satu lembaga pertama yang tercatat dalam Alkitab. Keluarga dirancang dan ditetapkan oleh Allah, jauh sebelum umat pilihan atau bangsa terpilih eksis. Tetapi kurangnya penerapan pola asuh yang benar kepada anak pada masa pra sekolah sehingga berdampak pada pembentukan karakter dan emosi yang kurang baik. Dengan demikian, orang tua yang mengerti pola asuh yang benar dan menjalankannya, akan mempengaruhi kecerdasan emosi anak. Inilah yang akan dibahas oleh penulis dengan membahas pengaruh pola asuh orang tua Kristen terhadap kecerdasan emosi anak usia 6-12 tahun.
Education is a very important thing to do, the most effective education occurs is education in the family. Because the family is a place where parents and children spend more time, than school or church. The family is the first institution recorded in the Bible. The family was designed and established by God, long before the chosen people or chosen people existed. But the lack of proper adoption of parenting to children in pre-school has an impact on the formation of character and emotions that are not good. Thus, parents who understand the right parenting and practice it, will affect children's emotional intelligence. This is what the author will discuss by discussing the influence of parenting Christian parents on emotional intelligence of children aged 6-12 years.
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Hallencreutz, Carl. "Lars Levi Laestadius' attitude to Saami religion." Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis 12 (January 1, 1987): 170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30674/scripta.67161.
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How Læstadianism became the "religion of the Saamis" is a process of church and religious history which has not been fully explained. It is a comprehensive development which includes most of Læstadius' entire ministry. In this work he did not regard the Saami religion as something exclusively out of date. Instead, he put his message in a more concrete form by making use of Saami ideas. A central question is how Læstadius took account of—or afforded expression to motives from traditional Saami mythology when he formulated and adapted his own interpretation of Christianity to the Saami environment. For instance, the existence of the mother goddess (Madder-akka) and other female deities was something extremely concrete in Saami pre-Christian. In Læstadius' time conceptions and the worship of these deities had ceased. Despite this, Læstadius may have found it of value, in a living Saami interpretation of Christianity, to give a more rounded picture of the deity that was expressed in Christian usage by the old Saami god of thunder and sky, Jubmela by keeping alive the mother aspect of "the heavenly parent". Therefore he may have consciously chosen to use mother symbolism when talking of the secret of atonement.
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Häde, Wolfgang. "Strengthening the Identity of Converts from Islam in the Face of Verbal Assaults: A Study with the Background of Turkish Society." Mission Studies 34, no. 3 (October 9, 2017): 392–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733831-12341525.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The study focusses on converts from Islam to the Christian faith in Turkey. Converts are confronted with special challenges. Based on Islamic theology and Turkish nationalism most Turks cannot think of positive reasons to choose Christianity. So verbal assaults with social consequences like ostracism, prejudice, suspicion, and very low esteem are very common. The First Letter of Peter provides advice for strengthening new Christians by defining their identity as chosen und loved people of God. Personal caring for converts from Islam is crucial to provide a new “home” in assuring them of their new identity. They have to learn to evaluate accusations honestly, and from a faith-based position, and to integrate their new faith with their old environment. In the context of modern Turkey a fresh look at history can be meaningful: There were Turkish Christians before Islam, and there are still Christian Turkish people today. More important however is a genuine spiritual approach that understands verbal assaults within the framework of God’s history with his people. Converts should find their identity “in Christ”. At the same time, being in Christ must become practical in finding a new family in the local church and seeing themselves as part of the worldwide multinational body of Christ.
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Szram, Mariusz. "Postacie kobiece Starego Testamentu w alegorycznej egzegezie Orygenesa." Vox Patrum 66 (December 15, 2016): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.3449.
Full textAbstract:
The article systematises the metaphors ascribed by Origen (185-253/254) to the well-known female characters of the Old Testament utilising the method of allegorical exegesis of the text of Scripture. Females appearing on the pages of the historical books of Bible are – according to the Alexandrian – allegories of human virtues or defects. They embody the spiritual warfare between the spirit and the body, between the mind and the feelings. In the collective sense they symbolize the synagogue or the church chosen from the Gentiles, and in the individual sense – the human soul in its relation to God. Origen refers to the telling names of women, translating them and embedding into the spiritual context often giving the several different allegorical meanings to the same biblical person. Despite the often-quoted in his writings beliefs characteristic to the ancient world, proclaiming that the woman is a symbol of bodily feelings and the man – a symbol of the intellectual abilities, majority of allegorical interpretations relating to the Old Testament women indicates a personification of the virtues worthy of imitation. This phenomenon is conditioned with the meaning of the names of those persons and the role attributed to them by the biblical authors, but Origen’s interpretations are original and based on his own concept of spiritual life. They deny opinions of misogyny of Origen and the early Christian writers in general.