Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Christianisme – Philosophie'
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Chukurian, Aurélien. "Descartes et le christianisme : une philosophie en accord avec la foi ?" Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN006.
Full textThe thesis brings into light the manner in which Descartes considers the relationship between his philosophy and Christianity through showing that the Cartesian articulation of reason and faith finds its meaning in a non-contradictory separation which leads to an agreement. When analysing his work, Descartes appears as a philosopher who looks after to establish new concepts which conciliate with Christianity.The thesis focuses two fields of investigation to study the meaning of such an agreement and the relationship to Christianity that it involves. On one hand, there is the Cartesian Eucharistic theory: Descartes elaborates, in the light of his own physical principles, two explanations of the central sacrament of the Christian faith. The thesis points out the original purpose of the explanations. In brief, they are not only intended to supplant the scholastic model based on the Aristotelian principles but also to conform to the decrees of the Magisterium (the Council of Trent), amid protecting the Catholic dogma from Protestant attacks, bringing it a gain of rationality. On the other hand, there is the Cartesian morality, which is considered traditionally as absent of the Cartesian corpus. The thesis reconstructs the Cartesian moral theory using the Correspondence and Passions of the soul. Described as a "moral of contentment", due to the Philosophical research of “the happy life” here below, the Cartesian moral theory is divided into two axes. The first being the Sovereign Good, which consists in the right use of free will, and the second being the mastery of passions, where the keystone is the passion-virtue of generosity. The Cartesian moral theory manifests an effort to articulate with Christianity, which is illustrated in particular in several strong points which are analysed by the thesis: the Cartesian conception of providence in its general and particular dimension, and how it implies the free and joyful submission of the subject; the extent of the universe, which revokes anthropocentrism while celebrating the glory of God; the topic of the immortality of the soul, which opens up another life while valorising the current life; the image of God, which shines in the right use of free will, only source of the self-esteem; the passion of generosity, which incites one to prefer other people rather than the self in a love of friendship and can be a philosophical transposition of Christian charity.Thus Eucharist and moral translate two great meanings of the agreement, reflecting two modalitiesof articulation between Cartesian philosophy and Christianity. From one side, the search for conformity with dogma. From the other, philosophy, becoming more ambitious over time, gives an understanding of Christianity based on its own interpretation of some elements shared by reason and faith (God and his attributes, immortality of soul, relationship to other). For this reason, the thesis intends to renew the studies on the Descartes' religious thought: the great merit of Cartesian thought is to institute, on the basis of a prior separation between reason and faith, an agreement which has a variable meaning, while taking care not to go beyond his domain, Descartes giving up the salvation and the grace to theology
Alexandre, Christian. "Athéisme, christianisme, utopie selon Ernst Bloch." Bordeaux 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR30003.
Full textReligion and particularly christianity takes a fundamental place in ernst bloch's work. In his early books as in those of his maturity, the reference to various religious experiences and problematics can be felt. Comparing the new concepts forged by bloch to the corresponding concepts in the religious field gives us the opportunity to grasp the author's thought at its spring. Bloch always has a critical attitude towards religion since he sets himself in an atheistic perspective; but he regards christianity, in spite of the scleroses due to the existence of the churches, as the privileged bearer of a heritage from mankind which he wishes to place at the disposal of man by relieving him of his theocratic mode of expression. In order to illustrate these two former convictions, the first part of our work deals with the way bloch carries on the atheistic traditions of the "philosophy of enlightment", feuerbach, marx and engels and also with the way he puts himself apart from them with his novel atheism. The second part analyses bloch's particular approach of the bible; it allows to put into light the importance given by our author to exodus, the kingdom and the figure of jesus "son of man" which, as it seems to him, stand out, in the bible already, against a background of "distheocratisation". The third part centers on the connections between the world and man. Bloch would like to reproduce, off religion, the relationships set up by the believers between themselves and god or jesus, between their terrestrial existence and the perspective of the kingdom. His examples are: moses, job, jesus. . . , but also the mystics. The utopian models are a secularized son of man and the kingdom as the end of history; the final utopia is a humanized nature and a naturalized man
Blanc, Nicolas. "Anthropologie et Providence dans l'Antiquité tardive : christianisme et philosophie chez Némésius d'Émèse." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EPHE5087.
Full textThe De natura hominis of Nemesius Emesa has principally been studied for its sources (Galen, Porphyry, Philopator) and its anthropology. However, it is one of the most important contributions of ancient Christian thought on the question of destiny, self-determination and Providence, inspiring Maximus the Confessor, John Damascene and Thomas Aquinas. Our study aims to identify Nemesius’ position and originality in patristic thought, and among the debates of ancient philosophy on these major issues. The first part presents a contextualization of the work and status questionis on the date it was written, its plan, its nature and recipients, in order to identify its unity and apologetical coherence. The second part proposes, through the translation and the Commentary of Chapters 1 and 3, to show the internal logic of the work, emphasizing the elements that introduce and prepare the treatment of Providence (the place of man in the universe, the union of soul and body, its origins and eschatology). The third and final part offers a translation and a Commentary of chapters 35 to 43, specifically devoted to fate, self-determination and Providence. From this analysis, there emerges the profile of an apologetic work that is distinguished by the quality of its philosophical approach, the transcription of the Christian idea of divine Providence through technically developed notions, and an interesting development on the permission of evil and its meaning in the divine plan
Sedmak, Clemens. "Katholisches Lehramt und Philosophie : eine Verhältnisbestimmung /." Freiburg im Breisgau : Herder, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb392579214.
Full textFloucat, Yves. "Philosophie et foi chretienne." Toulouse 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU20067.
Full textThis dissertation assembles a certain number of writings (already published or forthcoming), wich treat different aspects of the same basic theme : the relation of philosophical reflection to the christian faith. The first volume treats of the natural religious dimension of metaphysical wisdom, which starts its consideration with being as habens esse and from there rises to subsistent being, the pure act of existing. Although this religious dimension characterizes the concrete exercise of metaphysical wisdom and not its objective specification, it nevertheless demonstrates at the very least the philosophical possibility of a "christian philosophy". When philosophy is open to integral christian wisdom (which is itself a direct expression of the theological and mystical virtualities of faith), reason is then stabilized in a natural harmony with religious desire which assists it in attaining a full development of its inherent metaphysical capacities. This perspective makes the elaboration of an integral christian anthropology possible because it accounts for the most fundamental aspirations of the human spirit to the absolute, notably religion and wisdom
Beauvais, Jean-Baptiste de. "De la métaphore à la perception : une herméneutique du visible au sein du christianisme." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010664.
Full textPerreau-Saussine, Émile. "Perfectionnisme et impatience chez Alasdair MacIntyre : du christianisme marxiste au néo-thomisme." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0062.
Full textMuller, Alain. "Révélation et pensée dialogique dans la philosophie de Franz Rosenberg." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0099.
Full textThis work tries to explain the concept of "revelation" in the philosophy of Rosenzweig. It describes its evolution through Hermann Cohen's concept of "correlation" and Eugen Rosenstock's philosophy of langage, and shows how it makes possible to overcome the idealism of Hegel through the dialogical structure I-You in wich the I is called by the You. One gets so a new type of relation based on the language. The idealistic concept of "totality", not able to make thinkable the "otherness", is radically questioned. Rosenzweig analyzes this structure through Hermann Cohen's "logic of the origin" with wich he thinks the "singularity" of the individuum wich puts him in relation with the others. Through this new "ontology" of singularity Rosenzweig questions the pantheistic and panlogical principle of the philosophy of Hegel and try to distinguish wich this philosophy always wanted to identify : the thinking and the being
Grube, Dirk-Martin. "Unbegründbarkeit Gottes ? : Tillichs und Barths Erkenntnistheorien im Horizont der gegenwärtigen Philosophie /." Marburg : N. G. Elwert, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38834963t.
Full textAchille, Francesco d'. "Genesis e sviluppo della critica del Cristianesimo nell'opera di Friedrich Nietzsche." Paris, EPHE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EPHE4010.
Full textThe survey is divided into two main parts: one - chronologically set between the Early Works and the ultimately meditations - focused on the genesis of the themes concerning the critique of Christianity. This analysis is based above all on the identification of the main sources from which it is possible to reconstruct the first development of the critical attitude towards Christianity in the young Nietzsche; the other related to its development and results - set between the turning point marked by Human, all too human and the end of Niezsche's parable of thought, as you can see in the writings of 1888 and mainly in Twilight of the idols and The Antichrist. According to our survey, the genealogy and the critique of Christianity respectively represent the conceptual instrument and the framework through which Nietzsche laid the practical foundations of his attempt to set the culture free from nihilism and decadence that still seem to generally determine the fate of the West
Souladié, Yannick. "Nietzsche, une philosophie de l'Antichrist." Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20095.
Full textThis study intends to understand “The Antichrist” as a true philosophical work. It has been alleged that Nietzsche could not find how to complete his work, and that the most advanced state of his thought was to be found, not in his last books, but in the drafts of “The Will to Power”. On the contrary, we aim to show on the contrary that the substitution of “The Antichrist” for “The Will to Power”, far from being a failure, allowed Nietzsche to give unity to his whole philosophy. In 1888, an ultimate movement occurred in his thought: he abandoned the problem of nihilism to concentrate on the one of Christianity. Far from being simply gratuitous hatred, his “curse against the Christianity” represents the outcome of his whole philosophy. It is only through an inversion of all values of Christianity that Nietzsche succeeded in presenting the world as will to power. The unity of Nietzsche's philosophy has its foundation in the figure of the Antichrist destroying and cursing Christianity. Nietzsche's last philosophy is “a philosophy of the Antichrist”. Nietzsche's criticism does not aim at restoring an ideal Christianity at the cost of a realized one. It directly aims at the Christian ideal and Christian moral. Far from struggling the only Christian god, Nietzsche fights the figure of the Christ (whom he separates from the historic Jesus). He opposes to this Christ as an impossible body, another ideal of human being, proceeding from a noble moral. He opposes another body: Dionysus. Through the fight between Dionysus and the Crucified One, two ways of fixing the truth, of being, of thinking are in competition
Irion, Ulrich. "Eros und Thanatos in der Moderne : Nietzsche und Freud als Vollender eines anti-christlichen Grundzugs im europäischen Denken /." Würzburg : Königshausen und Neumann, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36667749f.
Full textSchnell, Mechtild. "Incarnation et temporalité dans la philosophie de Schelling (1809-1827)." Toulouse 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU20027.
Full textIt is less the fate, that is the apparent « failure » of this unfinished work than the inherent reasons of the manifold reorganizations and rewritings that I try to seize in this thesis by remaining faithful to what appears to me the innermost structure this entire period of Schelling's philosophy (1809-1827), that is the organic time such as it is developed in 1811. At once confronted with a major difficulty which Schelling himself already underlined, namely the resistance of this concentric temporality to its translation into a linear speech, I tried to elaborate a method integrating this « organic » time ; method that organizes itself around the notion of becoming (Werden). In this notion converge indeed the genesis of God and the relationship between time and the material, as the notion of reality (Wirklichkeit) as Schelling understands it requires necessarily. In my opinion, the Ages of the World elaborate the conditions of possibility of human freedom in its reality. This personal freedom is necessarily temporal and incarnated. The ontochrony which founds this freedom appears to me to transcend the Schelling's own century : it makes it possible for every individual to found one's own history
Morel, Teymour. "Butrus al-Tûlâwî (1657-1746). Présentation de son oeuvre philosophique. Edition critique et traduction des deux premiers examens (bahth-s) du Livre de la Logique (al-Mantiq)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEP022.
Full textBorn in Tūlā (Lebanon), the Maronite clergyman Buṭrus al-Tūlāwī (1657-1746) was a pupil at the Maronite College of Rome, where he followed the whole scholastic curriculum taught by Jesuit fathers. After his return to the East, he left for Aleppo to serve his Church and there he composed an important series of philosophical and theological works. To be sure, he is well known among historians for his role in the history of the Maronite Church and for the place his writings occupied in the religious and intellectual spheres in the Near-East. Nevertheless, his philosophical works have not been the object of much research so far and were never critically edited. In this dissertation, we offer a critical edition accompanied by a commented French translation of the two first examinations (baḥṯ-s) of the Book of Logic (al-Manṭiq), taught in 1693 onward. That part is preceded by a detailed inventory of the 153 witnesses of al-Tūlāwī’s philosophical texts, Logic included, the results of which constitute the starting point for a reflection on the circulation of this corpus. In the following chapter, we proceed to the stemmatic analysis of the 24 witnesses of the Logic to which we could have access out of the 29 listed, in order to underline the existence of three distinct versions in which this text circulated, and which are of paramount importance for the principles of our edition, which is synoptic, and for the eliminatio codicum. The doctrinal references used by al-Tūlāwī in his treatises are varied and numerous. We present and reference, in the following chapter, all the quotations which are, in the Logic, taken from two major figures of philosophy: John Damascene and Avicenna
Torri, Elena. "Les Revendications: Christianisme et raison chez Joseph Ratzinger." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209129.
Full textDoctorat en Philosophie
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Schlapbach, Karin. "Augustin "Contra Academicos, vel de academicis", Buch 1 /." Berlin : W. de Gruyter, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb400210066.
Full textThalén, Peder. "Den profana kulturens gud : perspektiv på Ingemar Hedenius uppgörelse med den kristna traditionen /." Nora : Nya Doxa, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37069706r.
Full textWels, Henrik. "Aristotelisches Wissen und Glauben im 15. Jahrhundert : ein anonymer Kommentar zum Pariser Verurteilungsdekret von 1277 aus dem Umfeld des Johannes de Nova Domo /." Amsterdam : B. R. Grüner, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39225226t.
Full textVigne, Daniel. "La relation infinie : la philosophie de Lanza del Vasto (1901-1981)." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040052.
Full textLanza del Vasto, well known as a writer and a man of action, is not so much as a philosopher. And yet he graduated as a Philosophy Doctor of Pisa University (1928) and he worked all his life in order to build up a system the main lines of which are to be found in La Trinité spirituelle (1971). Between those two dates, the writer put down in notebooks thousands of thoughts which have not yet been published, and wrote various manuscripts of high philosophical trend, which have not yet been studied by anyone. The writer of the present Thesis, who has known Lanza del Vasto personally, has had an access to those archives and translated most of the texts from the Italian. His research amounts to a synthesis of great number of unpublished texts, and is a complete presentation of the theoretical philosophy of Lanza del Vasto, in three parts : I. Aesthetics. Sensitiveness and the Arts. This part gives value to the sensitive part of spiritual life, offers a ternary system of Arts, and a study on Eros as an art of loving. II. Epistemics. Intelligence and Science. Those chapters display the field of rational and scientific knowledge from its abstract forms (Mathematics, Space, Time, and Movement) up to its concrete aspects (Matter, Energy, Vegetal and Animal Life), thus making up a complete and systematically unified cosmology. III. Metaphysics. Spirit and Knowledge. This longest part deals with philosophical knowledge as such. It successively tackles the inner or subjective polarity (the Ego), the external or objective polarity (the Being), and their balancing link (the Relationship). It includes a critical discussion of the philosophies of Descartes, Kant and Hegel. The whole philosophy of Lanza del Vasto, based upon a relational and Trinitarian ontology, establishes a resounding pattern between the various levels of being and the person. It is and important witness of French spiritualist philosophy in the XXth century
Doran, Robert M. "Subject and psyche /." Milwaukee (Wis.) : Marquette university press, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37631010j.
Full textFaure, François. "Emmanuel Mounier : une théologie de l'engagement?" Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2011/FAURE_Francois_2011.pdf.
Full text[. . . ] Commitment today. Mounier writes : creating facts, that is faith. In order to do so, he describes a technique based on spiritual means : learn to be a person, centre one’s actions on testimonials and not on success, care about concrete action within our world. Commitment is all about doing things, lack of self-interest, creativity, breaching social codes and a simple life. The battle is above all spiritual and does not seek power because the non-existence of the ego is a solid rock I can identify myself to. Mounier designates Utilitarian philosophers as the founders of modern society, that should undergo a spiritual revolution against money. His observation is true, but his diagnosis is wrong. He does not distinguish moral utilitarism from economical utilitarism. The latter should be condemned. Ricoeur shows the way : fight for the building of an economical democracy. Touraine decrypts the available discourses : the talk on the dominating ideology and the dominating interpretative discourse, the one that namely limits us within anti-individualistic nonsense. Mounier indicates how using spiritual motives connected to the Gospel, evangelistic commitment modalities and evangelistic diatribes in which commitment lies, the word of the Gospel helps us go beyond ideological iron bars. He formulates four resolutions to take part in a new vision of our world : to have a bad conscience, to rebel against myths, to break free from our tranquility systems, to take a step back before entering into action. In doing so, he defines a theological praxis that concretely assists human beings by turning the word into a source of spiritual life. For Schleiemarcher, practical theology crowns theological studies. A question comes up : how can one be a theologian nowadays? Should one work in an academic or ecclesial institution or should one be professionally and socially integrated in the technical and economical world? Should one remove oneself from action to serve knowledge or else be a man of action capable of conceiving, creating and animating forms of social organizations that free human beings from social and political subjection? Albert Rouet simply reminds us that truth in theology lies in the commitment it allows
Antier, Guilhen. "L' origine qui vient : réflexion anthropologique et théologique sur l'eschatologie et ses représentations." Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30028.
Full textThis piece of work aims at exploring the question of Christian temporality and particularly of eschatology within the framework of an interdisciplinary approach at hte cross-road of theology , philosophy and psychoanalysis. A certain number of contemporary interrogations related to time, history and noticeably to the question of their "end", based on biblical sources inherited from Christianity, will remain at the origin of our argumentation. We will pay particular attention to a specific dimension of this study, with regards to the concept of the self in order to unveil a gateway to the frame of our problematic with regards to the existing gap of an entire section of a certain occidental tradition of metaphysics, categorized by ontological speculations and the objectification of God. Firstly, we will research elements within Kierkegaard's work in order to constitute an existential thought of "the process of becoming". We will also pay attention to the study of the phenomenon of representation within the perspective of a critical reading of the Scriptures, in order to make the biblical text resonate in harmony with our modern world. Therefore, we will appeal to Ricœur and Lacan and look into their ideas for a possible way of articulating the questions of "meaning" and "desire" within the practice of reading. We will confront our findings to the biblical text whilst trying to establish an interpretation of some of Paul's, Matthew's and John of Patmos' texts treating of eschatology, in order to reveal a certain amount of outcomes related to the score of the self, creation, ethics and politics which are susceptible of renewing the actual existing reflection in these particular fields
Coirault-Neuburger, Sylvie. "Dire la croyance." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H094.
Full textWhat is believing? Believing is neither knowing, nor plain imagination. One’s belief expresses itself so as to develop a world of original relations. Dialogue is not always possible there. Its logics admit impossible. Are signs and speeches that express belief faithful? Relations with other people, with the object of belief demand to go on ways leading from meeting to recognition
Colombo, Agustin. "Le bios de la brebis : la problématique de la subjectivité dans le christianisme chez Michel Foucault." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080114.
Full textThis dissertation investigates the genealogical value that Michel Foucault assigns to Christianity focusing on the configuration of subjectivity, particularly on the way of life as a main domain in which subjectivity is constituted. More precisely, the dissertation is structured by following the three genealogical domains or constitutive areas of “focal points of experience” in Foucault’s last works. The first part tackles the problem of truth, in particular for what concerns the forms of veridiction; the second part focuses on the analysis of the forms of power, or more exactly, the techniques of governmentality; the last part approaches the forms of subjectivation or the practices of self. Based on available Foucauldian corpus and unpublished material –especially the Confessions of the Flesh (Les aveux de la chair) – the description and analysis of these three domains aim to answer two fundamental questions related to the Foucauldian diagnosis of the present: What is the historical role of Christianity in the configuration of the current forms of subjection? Are there any Christian phenomena according to which we could resist to those forms of subjection?
Conraux, Dominique. "Permanence de la structure consensuelle medievalo-thomiste au sein de la pensee occidentalo-chretienne du douzieme au dix-neuvieme siecles." Toulouse 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU20078.
Full textWe want to display the permanently consent' medieval structure inside pansy christendom' occidental from welth thousand century to nineteen thousand century in to the study of augustin, thomas of aquino, duns-scot, occam, mars'le of padoue, luther, calvin, vitoria, suarez, grotius, pufendorf, descartes, leibniz, loike, kan j, and rousseau, megel, marxthis structure is composeo grundnorm, mediation first, mediation second, social corps and personnaly compose freedom andwillthere is a fiction judillal those solidify the consent
Vessière-Gérard, Natacha. "La foi chez Soren Kierkegaard : la nouvelle immédiateté." Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2007_in_vessiere_n.pdf.
Full textFaith is defined by Kierkegaad as a second immediacy, in opposition to the first, belonging to the aesthetic sphere. We need to understand how Kierkegaard viewed faith: first as a human and voluntary task in order to clear the obstacles to faith and secondly as a gift from God, notably when one remains within Faith. At the crossroads between the man's task and the gift from God, a rupturere is created: it's repentance and a leap towards faith. But how can we remain within immediacy? Faith for Kierkegaard should not be mistaken for a state, a peacefull possession or an undoubted confidence. A fight, but also an unquestioning joy. Faith's victory will be given to the one expecting it So isn't faith a place but a time and will faith ever emerge from the paradox of mankind and the paradox of Christ
Kopecka-Verhoeven, Maria. "Raimon Panikkar et l'Interculturel : racines théologiques et environnement philosophique d'une ontologie relationnelle." Paris, EPHE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPHE5022.
Full textRaimon Panikkar is one of the most famous thinker’s current intercultural dialogue. Family background – his father was an Indian Hindu and his mother a Spanish Catholic – destined the direction of Panikkar’s intellectual activity. After studying chemistry, philosophy (Barcelona, Bonn, Madrid) and, consequently, theology (Madrid and Rome), he worked in India, where he became one of the protagonists of dialogue with the Christian Orient thinking, in particular the Indian Culture. In his efforts continued as a professor at prestigious American universities. Labor is initially pursuing theological and philosophical background Panikkar’s thinking. In his work, gradually, Panikkar developed the idea of the need for complementarity between, East and West. He began by comparing the basic religious and philosophical concepts using functional analogies (comparing the perception of reality, of Go, of metaphysical’s concepts such a transcendence, immanence, etc. ). Very quickly switched to an existential plane, which culminated in the conviction of relativity of the all reality and the provisions of the relation as constitutive element of being. For the expression Panikkar used the term “non-duality” (later “a-duality”), the concept is inspired by Indian philosophy, Advaita-Vedanta together with the Christina doctrine of Trinity. “Non-duality”, or a radical, consciousness of relativity, is presented as a basic reference of Panikkar’s dialogical thinking. His concept of “dialogical dialogue” reflects the existential experience of pluralist fact, and defends the same idea as a philosophy of dialogue: to be the only means of meeting a real knowledge of another. Duality, which is a constitutional element of alterity in dialogical philosophy, however, Panikkar replaced by polarity, where you and I exist only as a relation. Finally, attention should focus on how it is Panikkar’s relation to the “second” and “other” concrete developed in the “intercultural philosophy”. This new method of “philosophing” recognized a certain extent philosophical pluralism and other forms of thinking than is the Western rationality. In the case of Panikar, the intercultural reflection corresponds with the critical mind, the incompatibility of various human systems and radical inability to reduce reality to one single centre of intelligibility, which excludes the universal validity of any system. But their uniqueness is accompanied by a cross-conditionality, based on the Panikkar’s ontology of relation
Jurasz, Izabela. "Plotin, les gnostiques et les chrétiens : un débat autour du concept de premier principe." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040202.
Full textIn Treatise 33 (II 9), Plotinus stands against the “Gnostics”: those who consider the demiurge and the cosmos to be evil. His criticisms are preceded by an introduction summarizing the Plotinian doctrine of the supreme principle – the One. In the first chapter of Treatise 33, based on the theses of his opponents, Plotinus constructs a series of propositions concerning the first realities - their number, their nature and their activities. He denounces the errors of each proposition as leading to the construction of a universe of defective, ignorant and helpless intelligibles. This thesis deals with the place of the metaphysics of Plotinus in his anti-Gnostic polemics. The arguments constituting these polemics are constructed to fit within the principal conceptions of the first principle - not only those proposed by the main philosophical schools, but especially those designed within different currents of Gnosticism and of Christianity. Plotinus is interested in these new doctrines emerging on the margins of the established philosophical schools. The object of our attention is the relationship between Plotinus and Christianity. The metaphysical perspective enables us to examine all the doctrinal currents of primitive Christianity. Part of Plotinian criticism may go against the efforts of Christian writers to respect the demands of monotheism in relation to the idea of "another God". At their opposite are the Gnostics, who propose multiplication of entities derived from the first principle, the Pleroma. Thus, the Plotinian conception of the supreme principle, after which come the hypostases having the rank of principles, answers the questions posed by his adversaries
Kaufmann, Matthias. "Begriffe, Sätze, Dinge : Referenz und Wahrheit bei Wilhelm von Ockham /." Leiden : E.J.Brill, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35614875c.
Full textGillespie, Caëla. "Le désir et le droit : désir du droit, désir de Dieu, désir du monde : thèse." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE2003.
Full textIf the subject is indeed an institutional fact, a subject can only desire to be a subject because a City allows it to be, by bringing the person into being. But what happens when a political regime, instead of instituting Man, begins to disinstitutionalise the subject, or proceeds - as is happening today - to create quite legally an insubjective subject ? Is it then our duty to question this emerging regime, this panliberalism which is now edifying a subject willing to place itself in a state of irresponsibility towards the City and also History and desiring its own destitution ?
Goulipian, Armand. "Humour et métaphysique chez Graham Greene." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CLF20020.
Full textTowards the end of his life, graham greene was more attracted by the comic side of reality than by its tragic one. His conceptions and his writings were influenced by what could be called a humoristic outlook. In the last novels comedy borders on tragedy, and is not easily distinguished. The field of humour is often mysterious. In greene's work it seems to point paradoxically to a metaphysical reality concealed under the various masks of humour. Masks and caricatures might suggest a hidden truth, hard to apprehend directly. Love's mysterious reality might be a first step towards a metaphysical beyond
Salvetti, Florence. "Judaïsme et christianisme chez Kant : Du respect de la loi à son accomplissement dans l’amour." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT5017.
Full textThis doctoral thesis suggests taking back the whole of Kant's practical philosophy downstream, i.e. from the chronologically late work in the Kantian corpus, The Religion within the limits of the simple reason (1793), the first part of which assigns to the will a challenge: “radical evil”. “Radical evil” is neither the absolute nor devilish evil, but it consists of an inversion (Verkehrtheit) of the order of the principles within the will, and can only be eradicated by the utter conversion of the heart. With the evil opens the antinomie of the Judaism which the philosopher considers as the paramount counter-model of the faith, and the Christianity, held to be the one and only unhistorical criterium of the religion the only to solve the problem of the new man. If, according to Kant, the Judaism is noumenally invalid because it is not able to convey the contents of the rational religion, the philosopher, who considers the biblical prohibition of the idolization as “the most sublime command of the Book of law of the Jews”, grants it nevertheless the merit of emphasizing respect. Christianity, as for him, emphasizes love, which, in practical meaning that Kant retains, is the state of perfection of the intention towards which we have to aim
Royannais, Patrick. "L'acte de croire : l'anthropologie du croire et le croire chrétien." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040027.
Full textWith the end of certainties, attached to the modern age, what becomes of the act of believing ? The work of P. Ricœur, a philosophy for the hermeneutic age of reason, and the anthropology of belief by M. De Certeau disengage the belief from its opposition to knowledge, like its weak form, and explain it as an "existential", a way of human being as practice of relation to the other. Then, theology is already a practice of the Christian faith. It follows that, because not to believe in Jesus Christ's God does not make us less human, and that, meanwhile, the belief gives authentically the human to himself, believing is ascribable to excess. Finally, the specificity of Christian believing is not primarily and uniquely to examine the tenets of a creed but is in the act of believing : it is recognition of God and mercy to God who reveals himself by responding with the gift he gives. Believing, for the Christian, is interpreting his own life with and for others as the place where God is providing
Lefort, Catherine. "Les Soliloques d’Augustin. Introduction, texte critique, traduction et notes complémentaires." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040055.
Full textAugustine’s Soliloquies, a philosophical dialogue, were written in 386-387, straight after the author’s conversion to Christianity. The aim of this dialogue is to reach a firm knowledge of what soul and God are. The first, interpretative part of this doctoral work shows that, beyond the neo-platonician spirituality that deeply fills Augustine’s writings, this dialogue constitutes the inaugural meditation on the experience of conversion. Thus, such a perspective allows considering this dialogue as the first step of a continuous thought that will eventually lead to the Confessions ; it also allows analysing Augustine’s intellectual horizon in a newly oriented way that brings into light his philosophical sources ; lastly, it allows seeing how some intuitions, among the major ones of his thought, appeared in an almost definitively structured way as soon as 386. The second part of this doctoral work is dedicated to the study of manuscripts tradition of this early year dialogue, of which a new translation is being proposed, with a set of twenty-one complementary notes
Lambert, Jean. "Dieu distribué : essai sur les trois fonctions du monothéisme." Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100118.
Full textThe tripartite classification that G. Dumézil had reserved to the Indo-Europeans applies exactly to the three sematic monotheisms, the first of which being related to Quirinus, the second to Mars and the third to Jupiter, whereas a homologous prophetic break down three times this ideology hidden behind a prevailing figure. Compared anthropology of monotheisms shows the systematic intelligility of Judaism, christianism and Islam, basing itself on comparative textuel facts that it establishes and explains by re-using the models available in the works of G. Dumézil, r. Girard, m. Serres. In the bible Susan, Esther, joseph illustrate the sub-model of the "lady and the twins"; john's gospel and its feminine characters act on the inverted model of the warrior, and the traditional Islamic tale and the 18th Surat show a surmounted duality of the first function kind. The Indo-European "war of synecism" and Semitic "war of synergy" models represent an intersection, a scouting east strait" versified by the reading of the 73th Surat. The monotheism forms a system which is closed de facto but opens by the invention of liberty
Bah, Alioune. "Réception théologique et philosophique de l'islam en Europe à l'époque moderne." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAC037.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to question the perceptions and the dominant theoretical representations of Islam in Europe. The temporal frame in which Islam invests is the modern period, since the end of the Arabic influence in Spain and the beginning of the territorial presence of Turkish in Europe until our period punctuated with laic demands. It tries especially to understand the various curves marking the evolution of influence and representation of Islam by showing solidarity with the theological and political stakes which are characterized in socio-historic, philosophic and in anthropological analyses. The orientation of the research has consisted in the emphasis of the theological and political quarrels which cross Europe and to estimate the Turkish influence in the European geopolitics from the XVIth century. From a theological point of view, the studies reveal that the Islamic subject is omnipresent in the oppositions between humanists and reformists, but also between these and the Catholics. The Christian apologetic vision develops this way as well in theology as a philosophy that introduces into religious analysis the question of natural rights and consequently that of the natural religion. Our investigations allowed discovering a set of judgments by putting in perspective Islamic philosophy of the Lights and in German philosophy as well. So, the link of Islamic faith and philosophy with the modern does not save questions of secularism normore globally does it spare secularization. If the political concerns in the Islamic environment show a different practice, the promotion of the individual and the reason are highlighted everywhere. The current context of the globalization arouses many questions. The basic questions are how to live together in a pluralistic society without the alienation of persons of different cultures and creeds. It crystallizes the reflection towards the reviviscence of ethics and responsibility by inviting the individual to move away of his or her reference universe or comfort zone into a constructive dialogue with others
Lugt, Maaike Van Der. "Le ver, le démon et la vierge : les théories médiévales de la génération extraordinaire (vers 1100-vers 1350) : une étude sur les rapports entre théologie, philosophie naturelle et médecine." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0039.
Full textLupascu, Silviu. "L'imaginaire religieux au carrefour des espaces sacrés." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0030.
Full textMr. Silviu Dan Lupascu's Ph. D. Thesis, entitled The religious imagination at the crossroad of the sacred spaces, unveils the spiritual continuity of the world beyond the boundaries separating religious universes and sacred texts. According to this approach, the complex relationship which exists between the religious spaces is not governed by autarchy or conflict, but by the harmony of the synchrony, by the mutual exchange of ideas, values and traditions which involve the accomplishment of the human being. The theocratical origins of the theological fulfilment of the human being are scrutinized within the context of the meeting of man and God in the unseen realm of the religious truth, where the human "I-ness" vanishes into the Divine "I-ness". The essence and the multiple hypotasis of this meeting are revealed at the crossroad of the sacred spaces, through the study of characteristic phenomena : rewriting of sacred texts, borrowing of ideas, assimilation of traditions and rituals. Conceived according to the principles of comparative religious studies, the thesis defines itself as an outcome of different fields of research : history of religions, theology, philosophy of religion, anthropology, history of culture and history of ideas
Vidal, Arlette. "Apologétique et philosophie stoïcienne : essai sur la permanence de Sénèque chez les Pères latins de Tertullien à Lactance." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040195.
Full textThis thesis analyses the phenomenon of Seneca’s Christianization through the works of the Latin fathers, Tertullian, Minucius Felix, Cyprian and Lactance. It throws light on the recourses these theologians have to Seneca’s stoical concepts and on the alteration of Seneca’s thought, pulled out of a coherent philosophical system, to be implanted in a religion in process of intellectual elaboration. The method, which is chosen, is dictated by the way these fathers make use of the philosopher. Tertullian and Lactance quote him : these quotations are the beginning of a comparative study ; Minucius Felix and Cyprian don't refer to him : literal and thematic comparisons are drawn. In Tertullian and Seneca’s works, the criticism of superstition, the use of patience, eschatology and theology are compared ; which raises the question about the validity of Seneca saepe noster. Christian humility, ignored by Tertullian, is wrongly attributed to Seneca. The father's crypto-stoicism appears in his developments on the natural knowledge of god, the logos, natural law. Minucius Felix traces an apology of martyrdom from Seneca’s description of the suffering wise man and, to refute the pagan charge against Christianity, he uses an argumentation taken from the philosopher, without being influenced by his thought. Cyprian collects moral themes and sociological analyses in Seneca’s works. A study of the context of the insertions of Seneca’s numerous fragments in Lactance's works and of the father's interpretation of them, reveals the philosopher's Christianization : Seneca’s god acquires Christian features (uniqueness, nature, agnesis, the power of an ex-nihilo creator, the judge and the guardian of conscience) and immortality becomes the reward for virtue. Lactance asserts god's irascibility by using Seneca’s De ira. Once Christianized, the philosopher is, in history, the sign of the irreducibility of Christianity to stoicism
Fuk, Giacomo. "Les premières formulations des problèmes théoriques de Louis Marin 1968-1975 : philosophie, sémiotique, histoire de l'art." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0057.
Full textMy thesis is about the first part of Louis Marin's (1931-1992) work, especially about the themes of meaning and interpretation. The first chapter places Marin's thought in the context of theoretical reflection in German art historiography at the beginning of the 20th century. The second chapter deals with the « semiology of painting » which Marin proposes at the end of the sixties and with its relation to the semiotics of that time. The third chapter studies some of the critics that Marin's project of a semiology of painting met by philosophers, art historians, literary theorists and semiologists, with particular regard to the critics of J. -L. Schefer, who recognises in Marin's semiology a paradox concerning its scientific purpose and an ambiguity between semiotics and phenomenology. The fourth chapter tests and develops the hypothesis by a detailed analysis of an article of Marin on Poussin's "Landscape with a Man Killed by a Snake", and shows the shaping of a freer philosophical thought headed towards a less strictly semiotic, but more consistent, expression. The last chapter shifts the attention on Marin's writings on Bible and Port-Royal to show that the problem of interpretation exceeds the field of art and demands a larger historical perspective than that of structuralism and that of the theory of art historiography, and in particular shows the fundamental developments of Marin's relation to semiotics in his monograph on Gospels
Deslandes, Ghislain. "Kierkegaard, Pascal, Lequier : convergences de trois philosophes chrétiens." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010630.
Full textUrbaniak, Jakub. "Why isn’t it like it should be? : Buddhist and Christian intuition of the wretchedness of the human condition in the life and writings of Emile Cioran." Brest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BRES1010.
Full textLa thèse de notre recherche pose comme objectif la démonstration que la vie et la création philosophique d’Émile Cioran sont une manifestation, unique et d’intensité extrême, de l’intuition universelle de l’infortune de la condition humaine comprise dans la forme qui lui est imposée par le bouddhisme et le christianisme. La tension entre ces traditions semble être constitutive de toute réflexion de Cioran, atteignant son apogée dans l’approche que chacun de ces systèmes fait de la question de la souffrance. L’approche cioranienne se rapporte à l’expérience bouddhiste de la vacuité ainsi qu’à une vision démoniaque de l’histoire propre au gnosticisme; à l’enseignement sur l’ignorance et le désir, considérés comme sources de la souffrance, tout aussi bien qu’au concept du péché originel, considéré comme déterminant de la condition humaine; à la notion du nirvana, compris en tant que cessation de la souffrance, ainsi qu’à l’idée du Jugement dernier en tant que récapitulation de l’histoire
Charles-Dominique, Luc. "Musiques de Dieu, musiques du diable : anthropologie de l'esthétique musicale française : du Moyen-Age à l'âge baroque." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0098.
Full textCrettaz-Nédey, Corinne. "L'économie des Pensées de Pascal : un itinéraire spirituel." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040077.
Full textIn Pascal's Pensées, the knowledge matter is the point from which the seventeenth century anthropocentric view of the world -embodied in Montaigne and Descartes- turns to a christocentric one inherited from the Pauline and the Augustinian theology. The working on the conversion of the Pascalian Apologetics is a process that [I] reveals this spiritual path that turns the homo interior of the Philosophy and Sciences into [II] this homo viator, who is finally conceived as a fallen being since the original sin, to become [III] a homo religious thought as a membrer of the Christ's Body with a metamorphosed heart. The Pascalian recusation of the Self and of the Reason is coupled with a recusation of the Philosophy in aid of the Theology that will act on restoring the Human Being to his middle position between the two infinites and on reaching God and Sense with the knowledge that the Hermeneutics of scripturary message of the Church gives
Dessy, Nelly. "La répétition : lecture et enjeux dans la pensée kierkegaardienne, constitution de la subjectivité." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0243/document.
Full textUnderstanding oneself in the existence means understanding concretely the abstract : this is the task Kierkegaard appoints to the « subjective thinker ». Getting out of the complaint and reaching the truth about oneself implies setting one's being into a particular relationship with oneself. In this scope, Kierkegaard indicates various postures of live which are so many fragmentary answers the subject gives to these questions that urge him unknowingly, because it's not essentially the man who gives sens to existence but he is the one who is being questioned. What performs this questioning work in the Danish philosopher is this thought about repetition whose fertility is significant since it opens the field of contemporary philosophy in this point. This question of repetition in Kierkegaard's work is paradoxical : if is the place where the self gets certified and thus the subject becomes himself only thanks to the game of minute variations made possible by the religious movement of repetition-retake of oneself wich involves, in the depth of the being that fissures itself, the openness to the Other. In this motion, he cannot avoid the trial of anguish and despair
CERDAN, FRANCIS. "Fray hortensio paravicino et la predication de son temps." Toulouse 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU20074.
Full textThis thesis includes research work on several topics, various publications and a monograph devoted to fray hortensio felix paravicino y artega (1580-1633). He is first introduced as a man : his birth, which was probably illegitimate, his studies at salamanca university, his life as a monk in the order of trinitarians, his brilliant career as a preacher and a man of letters at court and in public life. Fray hortensio paravicino is then studied as a poet. His youth poems, his occasional verse, his religious poetry, his lyrical ballads, his poems of love. As a preacher, fray hortensio paravicino was of paramount importance as he introduced a new style that was aiming to preciosity (or inventivless) and influenced by the poetry of gongora. Finally, fray hortensio paravicino is studied as a man of his time : his links with a few great figures of his period and his influence in the preaching and more generally in the literary life of his time
Cournault, Philippe. "La Cité de Dieu de Saint Augustin : une oeuvre de mémoire." Bordeaux 3, 2011. https://hal.science/tel-03095295v1.
Full textWe started from the hypothesis that the City of God by Augustine is based on a dialectical unity, the books in the second part (IX to XXII) giving a christian interpretation of history thus avoiding the flows and weaknesses of the pagan interpretation denounced in the books of the first part (I to X). Each book or group of books progressively debunks the pagan memory of history in the second part, is set against a higher christian memory. Thus the first three books in the first part expose two flows in the working of the pagan memory – its being incomplete and partial – which the christian memory avoids since the concept of aeternitas allows it to be totalizing and that of ordo to be open to the presence of evil. Books IV to XIII denounce, among what the pagan memory has produced, two ideological tendencies (a political and a religious one) which christian memory has totally set aside as this memory is able to, owing to the ciuitas concept, open up to a mystical ecclesiology and, owing to the pax concept, a teleology of accomplishment. Books IX to X tackle the referent of pagan memory : the Falsa Auctoritas of paganism is set against the Uera Auctoritas of the Writings, which founds the christian memory of history exposed in the following book. Reading the City of God as a book of memory enables one to better grasp its unity : looking at history through the christian auctoritas is an apologetical demonstration of the crystal-clear superiority of christianism over paganism which is incapable of such a vision of history
Schovanec, Josef. "Philosophie et théologie de Heidegger en France : origines et permanence d'une seconde tradition intellectuelle." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0054.
Full textHeidegger became a truly French master thinker. His ascendancy reached virtually all fields of humanities and social sciences. My thesis aims before all else at explaining his huge success and the depth of his influence through some peculiarities of the French political and cultural environment after the Second World War, which I describe in the first part of my essay. Then, I describe how and why Heidegger’s thought requires a given kind of social structure, just as many early philosophies and religions. Next, I analyze the central role of Being in Heidegger’s thought, the core which creates and destroys, and in the light of whom everything shall be comprehended. I give some examples of his new reading of main concepts such as history, law and human being. Heidegger can eventually be considered as a contemporary philosopher within an immemorial and primordial framework: his understanding of time and space, soil, language and his methods of exegesis belong to a chronologically as well as geographically remote, archaic world
Corrieras, Maude. "Un nouvel art de connaître : traduction, notes et commentaire du triaté "De Beryllo" de Nicolas de Cues." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040178.
Full textDespite of the little interest contemporary criticism has shown toward this cusanian work, the ambition of the De Beryllo is huge : going back over the theory of coincidentia oppositorum, it develops it and aims at considering it as a universal method of knowledge, reachable by anyone whose ambition is to seek the truth. The treatise De Beryllo makes a point to use the method itself through the form of the work, and the way of putting it into practice. It is not only the method in itself which imports, but also the way used by the author to uses it, putting it to a test, through a kind of "spiritual exercise", or art, in which the mind can become more perfect through a noetic activity. It was important to offer a translation of this work to the French readers
Cseke, Akos. "Etre capable de Dieu : le concept de l'imitation chez Bonaventure et Thomas d'Aquin." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040043.
Full textWhich are the real capacities of man? What is the happiness that he deserves? These are the main questions that this paper tries to work out by the lecture of the philosophical texts of Bonaventure and Thomas Aquinas. The starting point is an expression of Augustine which determines man, the image of God by the fact that he is “capable of God”, and the aim of this paper is to show that philosophy for these two authors of the 13th century means a kind of spiritual exercise, that is a preparation for a life which contains however not only that which is possible for man, but also the divine impossibility. Man is essentially capable of God and medieval theory of the imitation of Christ can be considered as a way of living which offers various “techniques of the self” in order to invite man to become capable of what one calls God