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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Christianity and psychical research

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Academic literature on the topic 'Christianity and psychical research'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Christianity and psychical research"

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TREITEL, CORINNA. "WHAT THE OCCULT REVEALS." Modern Intellectual History 6, no. 3 (November 2009): 611–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244309990205.

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Where does occultism fit on the map of modernity? Frank Miller Turner proposed an intriguing answer in his 1974 study Between Science and Religion: The Reaction to Scientific Naturalism in Late Victorian England. The book examined the lives and struggles of six Victorian men: the philosophers Henry Sidgwick and James Ward, the scientists Alfred Russel Wallace and George John Romanes, and the writers Frederic W. H. Myers and Samuel Butler. Of the six, three cultivated a serious and sustained interest in the occult. Sidgwick and Myers engaged in psychical research, while Wallace immersed himself in phrenology and spiritualism. Raised as Christians, all of them came to find Christian belief inadequate. Yet the scientific naturalism that might have provided an alternative pole for their allegiance, that was the alternative pole of allegiance for much of their generation, failed to entice them. All had ethical qualms about its refusal to comment on God's existence or on life after death. All, too, wondered about the soul and bemoaned the reluctance of scientists to investigate the immaterial and subjective aspects of human nature. Caught between the Christianity of their upbringing and the scientific naturalism of their adulthood, Turner argued, these men “came to dwell between the science that beckoned them and the religion they had forsaken.”

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Gorsuch, Richard L., and William James. "Essays in Psychical Research." Review of Religious Research 30, no. 1 (September 1988): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3511852.

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Kloosterman, Ingrid. "Psychical research and parapsychology interpreted." History of the Human Sciences 25, no. 2 (April 2012): 2–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695111421580.

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Trifu, Simona, Cristina Delcuescu, and Claudia Monica Boer. "Psychosomatics and psychical tension (clinical research)." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 33 (2012): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.01.097.

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Alvarado, Carlos S., and Nancy L. Zingrone. "William McDougall, Lamarckism, and psychical research." American Psychologist 44, no. 2 (1989): 446–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.44.2.446.b.

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Timms, Joanna. "Phantasm of Freud: Nandor Fodor and the Psychoanalytic Approach to the Supernatural in Interwar Britain." Psychoanalysis and History 14, no. 1 (January 2012): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/pah.2012.0097.

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The paper examines the appearance of ‘psychoanalytic psychical research’ in interwar Britain, notably in the work of Nandor Fodor, Harry Price and others, including R. W. Pickford and Sylvia Payne. The varying responses of Sigmund Freud and Ernest Jones to the area of research are discussed. These researches are placed in the context of the increasingly widespead use of psychoanalytic and psychological interpretations of psychical events in the period, which in turn reflects the penetration of psychoanalysis into popular culture. The saturation of psychical research activity with gender and sexuality and the general fascination with, and embarrassment about, psychical activity is explored.

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Weaver, Zofia. "Julian Ochorowicz and His Contribution to Psychical Research." Journal of Parapsychology 83, no. 1 (June 11, 2019): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30891/jopar.2019.01.05.

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Sommer, Andreas. "Psychical research and the origins of American psychology." History of the Human Sciences 25, no. 2 (April 2012): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695112439376.

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Timms, J. "Ghost-Hunters and Psychical Research in Interwar England." History Workshop Journal 74, no. 1 (August 20, 2012): 88–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbs016.

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Flew, Antony, F. Burkhardt, F. Bowers, and Stephen E. Braude. "The Works of William James: Essays in Psychical Research." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 49, no. 2 (December 1988): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2107982.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Christianity and psychical research"

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Montenon, Corinne. "Materialisation phenomena in British and French spiritualism and psychical research c.1870-1920." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412547.

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Hayward, Rhodri Lloyd. "Popular mysticism and the origins of the new psychology, 1880-1910." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318488.

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Lord, John Anthony. "The relevance of philosophy to psychical research : a critical examination of claims and methods." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1988. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847654/.

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After a hundred years, psychical research (and experimental parapsychology) are still regarded as pseudosciences. Despite sceptical attacks, however, work continues: the results cannot be lightly dismissed. Evaluation of this work demands philosophical attention, since there are large metaphysical assumptions made, and the experimental results are vulnerable to logical criticism. The supposed kinds of paranormal phenomena are anatomized, and the current terminology criticized. Broad's basic limiting principles are examined, and the extent to which psychical research might threaten conventional science is considered. The metaphysical foundations of psychical research are examined. Psychical research takes a dualist view of human beings, although its experiments are behavioristic. Survival of death is assumed to be a matter susceptible to empirical verification. These assumptions are critically examined. I argue that ESP neither gives us knowledge, nor is it a form of perception. Although psychical researchers interpret their results in causal terms, this is illegitimate. Backwards causation, therefore, need not be canvassed as an explanation. As the basis for a scientific discipline, spontaneous cases are inadequate, as they involve underdescription (lack of detail) and overdescription (tendentious exaggeration). Observational cases, given the absence of theoretical explanations, and. the prevalence of fraud, also fail as science. Hume's arguments on testimony, and modern versions of them, are considered. Experimental parapsychology fails because ESP and PK seem to occur without conscious awareness or significant physiological signs, and in a way that transcends space and time. There is thus no way that science can gain a grip on them. Without a theory and a mechanism, there is nothing but a series of statistical quirks. The proposed models do not mesh in with the experimental results. Paranormal forces, if they existed, might contaminate all scientific work, and no one could ever know. Taken on its own terms, psychical research is impotent to undertake the task it has set itself.

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Wolffram, Heather. "On the borders of science : psychical research and parapsychology in Germany, c.1870-1939 /." On the borders of science-- Read the abstract of the thesis, 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18732.pdf.

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Algaier, IV Ermine Lawrence. "William James's Early Radical Empiricism: Psychical Research, Religion, and the "Spirit of Inner Tolerance"." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/331881.

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Religion
Ph.D.
In December of 1896 William James (1842-1910) penned the preface to The Will to Believe & Other Essays in Philosophy, announcing his novel philosophy of radical empiricism. Nearly one hundred and twenty years later, the metaphysical themes of his mature radical empiricist writings (e.g., his 1904-05 writings posthumously published as Essays in Radical Empiricism) continue to dominate the interpretations of the secondary literature. “William James’s Early Radical Empiricism: Psychical Research, Religion, and the ‘Spirit of Inner Tolerance’” offers a revisionist reading that prioritizes the epistemic, moral, and social elements of James’s early radical empiricism in light of his concerns expressed in the 1896 preface. By focusing on a close textual analysis that aims to historically and thematically re-situate James’s radical empiricism within the context of his major and minor work in the 1880s through the late 1890s, I argue for a supplemental interpretation that emphasizes James’s epistemic sensitivity to the plight of the perceived “irrational” other. This project demonstrates that not only is James’s early radical empiricism concerned with epistemological matters of fact and perspective, but also their social and moral implications. It suggests that an alternative narrative is uncovered if we attend to particular historical, philosophical, and religious themes that reveal themselves as focal points of James’s work in the 1890s, particularly in the year 1896. By historicizing his 1890s defense of the epistemic underdog I develop the narrative that James’s early radical empiricism embraces all experience and that this is illustrated by his genuine interest in the point of view of the believer, the marginalized, and the “irrational” other.
Temple University--Theses

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Iliopoulos, Spyridon. "'Out of a medium's mouth' : Yeats's art in relation to mediumship, spiritualism and psychical research." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1985. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3257/.

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The aim of this thesis is to show that, despite a number of critics who either frowned upon or ignored W. B. Yeats's psychical interests, consideration of his mediumistic encounters between 1911 and 1916 is indispensable to the study of his art. Indeed, Yeats's unpublished records of seances and his other spiritualistic papers often present us with his direct sources of inspiration and point towards an understanding of their subsequent elaboration in some of his celebrated works. Chapter 1 and 2 ('Yeats's Spiritualistic Papers' and 'Yeats as a "Spiritualist" and "Psychical Researcher"') supply general information as regards unpublished material and describe Yeats's involvement with medium's, 'controls', and 'spirit-visitors'. Chapter 3 ('The Words-upon the Window-pane as an Example') deals with Yeats's spiritualistic sources and their dramatic elaboration in his seance-play, his only work where he made direct use of a spiritualistic setting and of the typical personae who frequent seance-rooms. Although Yeats's other works are discussed-in a chronological order, this play is given priority here, for it contains some major, themes and motifs which pervade his art. Chapters 4 and 5 ('Responsibilities: A First Attempt', and 'The Wild Swans at Coole: Ghostly Presences') deal with Yeats's attempts to introduce some major aspects of his psychical interests into his poetry by 'invoking' his dead and by adopting the persona of a medium in poems such as 'To a Shade' and 'In Memory of Major Robert Gregory'. Chapter 6 ('"Ego Dominus Tuus": Yeats, Leo Africanus, and the Process of Self-transformation') deals separately with 'Ego Dominus Tuus', another poem from The Wild Swans at Coole, in relation to Yeats's encounter with his 'opposite', the 'ghost' of Leo Africanus, and his formulation of the concept of the 'Daemon'. Chapters 7 and 8 ('Spiritualistic Scenarios in Michael Robartes and the Dancer' and 'From The Tower to Last Poems') examine Yeats's later use of theme's, motifs, and central situations particular to spiritualism and psychical research. Finally, the Conclusion suggests that, although Yeats's psychical investigations did not answer the 'great question whether the soul be immortal or not', his mediumistic encounters provided with images, symbols, and scenarios which enriched his art and often determined his literary tactics.

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Sommer, A. "Crossing the boundaries of mind and body : psychical research and the origins of modern psychology." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1405398/.

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This dissertation examines the co-emergence of psychical research and modern professionalized psychology in the late nineteenth century. Questioning conservative historical accounts assuming an inherent incompatibility of these disciplines, this thesis argues that from the early 1880s to ca. 1910, it was often difficult if not impossible to draw a clear distinction between psychology and psychical research. Chapter 1 forms the integrative framework of the thesis through a historiographical review of changing attitudes to ‘occult’ properties of the mind in natural philosophy from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century. Chapter 2 provides a study and comparison of concerns and epistemological presuppositions of the instigators and leading representatives of psychical research in England, France, Germany and the USA. Chapter 3 outlines competing methodological maxims in early experimental psychology, explores the work of the Society for Psychical Research in England and psychological societies conducting psychical research in Germany, and discusses the active involvement of the ‘father’ of modern American psychology, William James, in psychical research. Formulations of transcendental-individualistic models of unconscious or subliminal cognition by Carl du Prel in Germany and Frederic W. H. Myers in England, which informed the mature psychological thought of James in America and Théodore Flournoy in Switzerland, are discussed as landmarks in the history of concepts of the unconscious. Chapter 4 presents case studies of early professional psychologists repudiating psychical research from the territories of fledgling psychology, identifies recurring rhetorical patterns in these controversies, and connects them to wider cultural and historiographical developments studied in Chapter 1.

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Wadge, Elisabeth Sarah. "The influence of psychical research on models of identity and narrative structure in some late Victorian literature." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270925.

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Kontou, Tatiana. "Ventriloquising the dead : representations of Victorian spiritualism and psychical research in selected nineteenth and late twentieth century fiction." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430956.

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Richardson, Elsa. "Extraordinary powers of perception : second sight in Victorian culture, 1830-1910." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8966.

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In the mid-1890s the London based Society for Psychical Research dispatched researchers to the Scottish Highlands and Islands to investigate an extraordinary power of prophecy said to be peculiar to the residents of these remote regions. Described in Gaelic as the An-da-shealladh or ‘the two sights’, and given in English as ‘second sight’, the phenomenon was most commonly associated with the vision of future events: the death of neighbour, the arrival of strangers into the community, the success or failure of a fishing trip and so forth. The SPR were not the first to take an interest in this pre-visionary faculty, rather they joined a legion of scientists, travel writers, antiquarians, poets and artists who had made enquires into the topic from the end of the seventeenth century. This thesis examines the remarkably prominent position enjoyed by Scottish second sight in the Victorian popular imagination. In seeking to appreciate why a strange visionary ability was able to make claims upon the attention of the whole nation where other folk motifs were consigned to the realms of specialist interest only, this project charts its migration through a series of nineteenth-century cultural sites: mesmerism and phrenology, modern spiritualism and anthropology, romance literature and folklorism, and finally psychical research and Celtic mysticism. Binding these individual case studies together is a cast of shared actors - Walter Scott, Catherine Crowe, William Howitt, Marie Corelli, Andrew Lang and Ada Goodrich Freer - and a focus on their common investigative and creative cultures. My interest is with how the power of second sight, once defined as a supernatural occurrence tied to the geographically distant and mysterious Scottish Highlands, comes to be transformed by the close of the nineteenth century, into a supra-normal facet of the psyche, potentially accessible and exploitable by all.

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Books on the topic "Christianity and psychical research"

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Essays in psychical research. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1986.

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Archer, Gladys. My research into theunknown. Burgess Hill: Warnes, 1989.

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Berger, Arthur S. The encyclopedia of parapsychology and psychical research. New York: Paragon House, 1991.

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Cayce, Edgar. Edgar Cayce on mysteries of the mind. Wellingborough: Aquarian, 1990.

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Randles, Jenny. Sixth sense: Psychic powers and your five senses. London: Hale, 1987.

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Montgomery, Ruth Shick. Ruth Montgomery: Herald of the new age. London: Grafton, 1987.

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Transformation: The breakthrough. London: Arrow Books, 1989.

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Shine, Betty. Mind magic: The key to the universe. London: Corgi, 1992.

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Nuffield Working with Science Project. Beyond our ken. York: Published for the Nuffield-Chelsea Curriculum Trust by Longman Resources Unit, 1986.

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Radnor, Alan. Paranormal ornormal? Luton: Lennard, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Christianity and psychical research"

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Richardson, Elsa. "Psychical Research, Folklore and Romance." In Second Sight in the Nineteenth Century, 151–93. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51970-2_5.

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Paterson, R. K. W. "The Evidence from Psychical Research." In Philosophy and the Belief in a Life After Death, 131–90. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230389885_5.

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Johnson, George M. "Medicine, Mental Science, and Psychical Research." In Dynamic Psychology in Modernist British Fiction, 45–68. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230288072_3.

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Pohl, Walter. "Deliberate Ambiguity: The Lombards and Christianity." In International Medieval Research, 47–58. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.imr-eb.3.3450.

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Brown, G. Spencer. "The Data of Psychical Research: A Study of Three Hypotheses." In Novartis Foundation Symposia, 73–79. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470718964.ch6.

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Grass, Tim. "Evangelicals and Eastern Christianity." In The Routledge Research Companion to the History of Evangelicalism, 110–26. New York: Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge studies in: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315613604-7.

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Tronca, Donatella. "Dancing in Ancient Christianity: Initial Research." In JAOC Judaïsme antique et origines du christianisme, 433–48. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.jaoc-eb.5.111715.

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Kontou, Tatiana. "Theatres in the Skull: The Society for Psychical Research and Actress Narratives." In Spiritualism and Women's Writing, 15–42. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230240797_2.

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Leeder, Murray. "The Strange Case of George Albert Smith: Mesmerism, Psychical Research and Cinema." In The Modern Supernatural and the Beginnings of Cinema, 67–95. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58371-0_4.

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Kilner, John F. "An Inclusive Framework for Stem Cell Research." In The Blackwell Companion to Science and Christianity, 381–92. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118241455.ch33.

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Conference papers on the topic "Christianity and psychical research"

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Mikheeva, Аnna. "ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE OF CHRISTIANITY IN CENTRAL ASIA AND SOUTHERN KAZAKHSTAN (HISTORY OF DISCOVERIES AND RESEARCH)." In ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL CULTURES OF CENTRAL ASIA (THE FORMATION, DEVELOPMENT AND INTERACTION OF URBANIZED AND CATTLE-BREEDING SOCIETIES). Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/978-5-907298-09-5-281-283.

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Liu, Rui. "A Novel Edge Computing Based Architecture for Intelligent Tool Condition Monitoring." In ASME 2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2020-8499.

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Abstract Edge computing has been recognized as a potential solution to enable intelligent manufacturing in the machining industry, especially for the small and medium-sized manufacturers. However, while various research studies have proposed their edge-based architectures for intelligent systems, there still exists a lack of practical and affordable technological plans that can be applied to complex machining process designs in actual production scenario. The objective of this research is to realize the tool condition monitoring (TCM) in machining by the edge computing based architecture for actual mass production. This study creatively proposes a calibration-based TCM system to monitor the cutting tool conditions in repetitive machining operations by comparing the characteristic signals generated by the reference cutting tools in the calibration procedure with the signal generated by the cutting tool in production through a concise similarity analysis, which can be easily integrated into typical cyber-psychical systems to realize the edge computing in a very efficient and flexible way. To validate the performance of the proposed architecture, a case study is demonstrated for tool wear monitoring of repetitive milling operations with a complex machining process design. Experimental validation has shown that the proposed edge-based TCM system can effectively monitor the tool wear progression which is in good agreement with actual wear measurements.

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Shavulev, Georgi. "The place of Philo of Alexandria in the history of philosophy." In 7th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.07.21205s.

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Philo of Alexandria (ca. 20 B.C.E. -50 C.E.), or Philo Judaeus as he is also called, was a Jewish scholar, philosopher, politician, and author who lived in Alexandria and who has had a tremendous influence through his works (mostly on the Christian exegesis and theology). Today hardly any scholar of Second Temple Judaism, early Christianity, or Hellenistic philosophy sees any great imperative in arguing for his relevance. After the research (contribution) of V. Nikiprowetzky in the field of philonic studies, it seems that the prevailing view is that Philo should be regarded above all as an “exegete “. Such an opinion in one way or another seems to neglect to some extent Philo's place in the History of philosophy. This article defends the position that Philo should be considered primarily as a “hermeneut”. Emphasizing that the concept of hermeneutics has a broader meaning (especially in the context of antiquity) than the narrower and more specialized concept of exegesis.

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Aritonang, Hanna Dewi, Bestian Simangunsong, and Adiani Hulu. "Love Your Enemy: A Christian Response to Embrace Others." In International Conference of Education in the New Normal Era. RSF Press & RESEARCH SYNERGY FOUNDATION, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/iceiakn.v1i1.240.

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This article addresses the issue of conflict between religious communities that cause enmity amid society. Hostilities must be overcome and resolved in accordance with the call of Christianity to live in love and peace. The study used the qualitative paradigm as the method of the research and the descriptive-analyses as the writing method by describing the research problems based on data collected from related publications.One of the powerful messages of Jesus's teaching is "Love your enemies." It’s one of the greatest challenges in life. Jesus Christ gave an important doctrine about loving the enemy because love is more powerful than evil, hurtful deeds. Loving the enemy means canceling hostilities and violence, but instead, it promises acceptance of each other. The title of this study is "love your enemies": A Christian Response to Embrace Others. As the title of this study is "love your enemies," the reason for the selection of this article is because the author sees that "loving the enemy is a commandment from God that must be obeyed. This research question emphasizes how to realize "loving the enemy" amid hostility. This paper argues that Jesus's command to love the enemy is a proper Christian lifestyle choice in the midst of hostility. We use CS Song thoughts, which elaborated with other scholars' views on theology, loving, and embracing others. The purpose of the research was to gain understanding and build a theological reflection on Jesus' commandment to love the enemy. In this article, we first briefly discuss the portrait of life among religious people in Indonesia. Secondly, we discuss the conflict between religious people in Indonesia. Finally, we apply the command of Jesus to love our enemy as a Christian lifestyle in the midst of hostility to construct harmony amid hostility. We propose the command of Jesus to ‘love your enemy’ as a response to establishing sustainable peace by embrace others. Finally, the Christians must become a loving community because God so loved us, and we also ought to love and embrace others.

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Tentoma, Nefeli, Andreas Georgopoulos, and Gracia Tucci. "COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE 3D REPRESENTATIONS OF THE HOLY AEDICULE OF THE TOMB OF CHRIST." In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 9th International Congress & 3rd GEORES - GEOmatics and pREServation. Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia: Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica9.2021.12153.

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The significance of preservation of cultural heritage is undeniable, which is why both their geometric documentation and the creation of their digital “twins”, i.e. reconstructions and replicas at any scale, are essential procedures. A special category of cultural heritage is sacred sites which combine historical, spiritual and religious values. The most sacred monument of Christianity is the Holy Aedicule covering the Tomb of Christ in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. This paper aims to investigate and compare the various three-dimensional representations of the Holy Aedicule of the Tomb of Christ, which exist both in physical and in digital form. Initially, the main structural phases of the Aedicule are presented, including its destructions and restorations. Moreover, the different categories of the three-dimensional representations of the monument are defined. With reference to the replicas, both the reasons of their construction and their list in the form of a dataset table are presented. More specifically, in the context of this research, the three-dimensional representations of the Aedicule are divided into two major categories: the replicas constructed worldwide and the geometric documentations of the monument's condition through the years. Regarding the replicas, a list of the discovered representations is created and this database is visualized and depicted in an online web map along with essential information with the use of an open-source Geographic Information System (GIS). Based on this visualization an online web map has been created. Furthermore, the previous geometric documentations and surveys of the Holy Aedicule of the Tomb of Christ are presented. A comparison is conducted between the 3D models of the Aedicule, which were created by the University of Florence in 2007-8 and the National Technical University of Athens in 2015-17. The impact of the Holy Aedicule across the world is examined through statistics based on the type, date of construction and location of the replicas. The possible deformations of the monument's structure are detected from the assessment of the results from both the processing and the comparison of the 3D models. In conclusion, future works are suggested focusing on the discovery of the total number of replicas worldwide and the monitoring of the condition of the Aedicule. Cultural

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