Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chromatographie liquides'
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Gritti, Fabrice. "Etude de phases stationnaires à base de polymères cristaux liquides." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12397.
Full textHassoun, Mahmoud. "La phase stationnaire liquide en chromatographie à contre courant : description, propriétés et applications." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10074.
Full textCountercurrent chromatography (CCC) is a separation technique that uses a support-free liquid stationary phase. Since the liquid phase is also a liquid, biphasic liquid systems are used. It is very difficult to work with a liquid stationary phase that is why complex devices are needed with rotor and rotating parts. Indeed, centrifugal forces are used to maintain a liquid phase in place when the liquid mobile phase is pushed through it. The aim of this work was to demonstrate the great advantages of a liquid stationary phase. In a first part, the CCC technique is presented, principle parameters, apparatuses and applications. A second part insists on the biphasic liquid systems focusing on special proportions of water – ethyl acetate – methanol – alkane, referenced with letters going from A to Z, giving the name Arizona to these proportions. The chemical composition of the two liquid phases obtained with the Arizona proportions were determined and related to the initial amounts of the four solvents used. The effects of the nature of the alkane, using pentane, hexane, heptane and octane, was also studied. Short and long term stability of these systems was also studied. In a third and last part, the interest of the liquid nature of the stationary phase in CCC was fully used in ways that could not be followed with a classical solid stationary phase. Two methods were developed: the elution extrusion method and the cocurrent CCC method. The elution –extrusion method has a first step that is classical elution of the solutes. When they are separated in the stationary phase, the later is extruded by itself out the column, allowing to recover the separated solutes. In the cocurrent CCC method, the two liquid phases are pushed in the same direction in the column but at different speeds. The two methods allowed to save more than 90 % of the phase volume needed elute cholesterol, a test solute. The retention time of 16 hours became less than 1 hour. This work should give new insights on the CCC users understanding better the interest of a liquid stationary phase
Moretton, Cédric. "Analyse des caramels liquides : développement et validation de nouvelles méthodes basées sur la chromatographie en phase liquide bidimensionnelle (LC-LC)." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675449.
Full textLaigo, Marie-Hélène. "Détection des opioi͏̈des synthétiques dans les liquides biologiques." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P024.
Full textTalabardon, Karine. "Chromatographie de partage centrifuge : études théoriques et applications aux fullerènes et aux saponines." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10228.
Full textCurat, Aurélien. "Elaboration de phases stationnaires à haute stabilité thermique à base de liquide ionique pour la chromatographie en phase gazeuse." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUES043.
Full textGuillon, Isabelle. "Aspects fondamentaux et applications en chromatographie en phase gazeuse : sélectivité des phases stationnaires et chromatographie énantiosélective ; techniques d'espace de tête appliquées à des matrices solides et liquides." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES061.
Full textMekaoui, Nazim. "Contribution à l'étude de la chromatographie à contre-courant : partage de composés ionisables, nouvelles colonnes et purification séquentielles." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10249/document.
Full textCounter-current chromatography (CCC) is a preparative purification technique that works with the twoliquid phases of a biphasic liquid system. One phase is used as the mobile phase when the other phase isused as the stationary phase. There is no solid support: centrifugal fields are used to obtain a support-freeliquid stationary phase. This work contains an exhaustive bibliographic study of what can be found in theliterature concerning continuous chromatographic processes. The multi-dual-mode (MDM) process was foundto be the best one able to purify large amount of crude mixtures. The MDM method starts with a classicalseparation of the mixture followed by a switch of both the liquid phase nature and the flowing direction. Themobile phase flowing e.g. in a descending direction becomes the stationary phase. The previous stationaryphase becomes the mobile phase flowing in the ascending direction (or vice versa). The purified compoundsof the introduced mixture are eluted at one side of the column or the other according to their polarity. TheMDM method was used to purify a crude sample of Coomassie Blue: the polar part of the dye was eluted atthe column top (or head) and the apolar part at the column bottom (or tail) while the essential part of the dyewas trapped inside the CCC column. The work also presents a new small volume (30 mL) hydrostatic CCCcolumn. It is shown that this column could be used to test quickly the potential of a given biphasic liquidsystem
Malicet, Vincent Ylane. "Développement d’une vanne d’injection d’échantillons liquides pour la micro-chromatographie en phase gazeuse : applications à des problématiques industrielles." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10093/document.
Full textImproving process control is a continuous industrial need. Since the early twothousand years, a new concept online industrial analysis consisting in implementing standardized modular micro-systems implanted as close processes appeared. The gas microchromatography occupies a special place among all the qualitative and quantitative analytical systems used for process control. Until today, this technology can only be used for gaseous samples. The present work aimed to help overcome the technological barrier that constitutes the injection of liquids in µ-GC. To this end, we conducted a comprehensive study of the performance of liquid injection valves HPLIS, ROLSI and OLIS. Two of them (HPLIS and ROLSI) gave satisfaction. The OLIS valve also gave satisfactory results but is still developing. Among the surveyed industrial applications demonstrating the use of these valves, we can quote the qualitative analysis of light or heavy petroleum fractions, quantitative analysis of impurities in trace amounts in a heavy matrix, and more elaborate way, simultaneous quantification of CO/CO2 gas and liquid phase during an absorption reaction of a mixture of these compounds with an aqueous solution of MEA
BOYEAU, ERIC. "Adaptation d'une technique chromatographique pour le dosage de la creatinine dans le serum et les liquides de dialyse peritoneale." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR15012.
Full textHamm, Sandrine. "Développement de pro insecticides potentiels d'acides carboxyliques, basés sur les structures 2-oxazolines, 2-thiazolines et n-acylaziridines : suivis directs dans les milieux biologiques d'insecte par RMN 1 9f et HPLC : réactivité des 2-oxazolines et des 2-thiazolines avec le 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxane." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999VERS0012.
Full textBonnot, Dominique. "Optimisation de la photochimiothérapie par le dosage des 5- et 8-méthoxypsoralènes dans les liquides biologiques : étude sur 529 sujets." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE18004.
Full textGyuran-Humbert, Nathalie. "Mise au point de méthodes pour l'analyse de micropolluants organiques dans des matrices liquides ou solides en provenance de la filière cuir." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10056.
Full textJouen, Freddy. "Dosage de la fluphenazine dans les liquides biologiques et étude de l'évolution des concentrations plasmatiques lors d'un traitement par ses differentes formes galéniques." Rouen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ROUE04TP.
Full textDelmotte, Nathanaël. "Développement de méthodes chromatographiques liquides multidimensionnelles couplées à la spectrométrie de masse, préparation et analyse d'échantillons biologiques complexes." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00193714.
Full textSix matériaux à accès restreints ont été évalués en fonction de leur aptitude à exclure l'hémoglobine d'hémolysats sanguins. Des injections à différents pH ont montré que la rétention de l'hémoglobine est drastiquement restreinte à pH 10,7. En raison d'une bonne stabilité à pH basique, la colonne polymérique Biotrap 500 MS RAM a été retenue pour l'extraction d'antibiotiques d'hémolysats sanguins. Des extractions quantitatives d'analytes à faibles concentrations (200 pg/μL) ont été réalisées sans effet mémoire d'hémoglobine sur la colonne.
Un nouveau système 2D-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS pour l'analyse protéomique a été développé. Le système est composé d'une séparation par RP-HPLC à pH 10,0, suivie d'une séparation par IP-RP-HPLC à pH 2,1. Ce nouveau système a été comparé à un système conventionnel SCX x IP-RP-HPLC. L'orthogonalité des méthodes de séparation est plus élevée dans l'approche SCX x IP-RP-HPLC que dans le schéma RP x IP-RP-HPLC. Cependant, en raison d'une meilleure distribution des peptides et d'une meilleure efficacité de séparation, le système RP x IP-RP-HPLC permet d'identifier significativement plus de peptides. Les deux approches sont complémentaires et une combinaison des deux systèmes permet d'identifier plus de peptides que des analyses répétées par un système unique.
Lourdes, Cardeal Zenilda de. "Mise au point de méthodes de dosage par chromatographie en phase gazeuse ou supercritique de substances toxiques volatiles : établissement de techniques d'étalonnage par réaction chimique à partir de composés solides et liquides." Université de Paris-Sud. Faculté de pharmacie (Châtenay-Malabry, Hauts-de-Seine), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA114836.
Full textThévenon, Géraldine. "Mecanismes de retention en chromatographie liquide a polarite de phases inversee en milieu non aqueux : etude de la retention des triglycerides." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066353.
Full textPoittevin, Monique. "Mise au point d'une nouvelle méthode de dosage des acides aminés dans les liquides biologiques par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem : application en routine au diagnostic et au suivi des patients atteints d'aminoacidopathies." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10215.
Full textDubuis, Alexis. "Déformulation de matrices complexes : vers une méthodologie raisonnée adaptée aux matrices issues des procédés de valorisation de la biomasse." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1228/document.
Full textThe conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels and biosourced molecules produces complex thermosensitive liquid matrices which cover a wide range of polarity and molecular weight. Analytical tools developed in the literature only give a partial description of these oxygenated matrices. To understand the reactivity of these samples and optimize the development of conversion processes, a better characterization is required. The objective of this thesis is to demonstrate the interest of a relevant fractionation step prior to separation techniques to help the molecular characterization of biomass samples. The reverse engineering proposed for the sample is desired complete and chemically controlled (without loss or sample modification). Two fractionation pathways were investigated: (1) solubility fractionation with liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) and (2) size fractionation with size exclusion chromatography (SEC). These techniques intend to be complementary to reversed-phase liquid chromatography hyphenated to ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy detection and high resolution mass spectrometry (RPLC-UV/HRMS). LLE, CPC and SEC methods were developed on model molecules to understand mechanisms involved and control the chemical selectivity. 2D contour plots were obtained, improving the resolving power and structuring chromatograms in comparison with RPLC-UV/HRMS. Then, SECxRPLC-UV/MS and CPCxRPLC-UV/MS hyphenations were applied to describe two complex samples from different substrates produced on experimental pilot units from two possible conversion pathways of lignocellulosic biomass (biochemical and thermochemical). The complementarity of separation modes allows to double the number of peaks detected, benefiting from the chemical organization of compounds. This constitute a support to identification also enhanced by multi-detection which provide additional structural information on compound detected, especially HRMS. Chemical organization in 2D contour plots were presented and discussed to propose the most adapted strategy to fully fractionate a sample based on the measurement of relevant descriptors. Finally, one of the fractionation approach developed in this thesis was used to isolate and structurally elucidate key molecules of a complex sample through MS fragmentation experiments and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR)
Rougemont, Blandine. "Quantification de protéines dans des matrices complexes par spectrométrie de masse : nouveaux outils et apllications." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1084/document.
Full textTandem mass spectrometry is now a technique of choice for human or micro-organisms proteome analysis. Typically, proteins are first digested into surrogates’ peptides, separated by liquid chromatography before being analyzed by MS/MS. The ultimate goal is the identification and the quantification of these peptides, belonging to proteins and highlighting a phenotype or a cellular mechanism in a complex organism. Both targeted and untargeted approaches are used and are complementary in proteomic analysis. The work presented here is focused on the development of targeted methods, and more particularly in the SRM mode, through two applications involving micro-organisms. So, the first study concerned to absolute quantification of viral proteins of the chimeric yellow-dengue fever, vaccine candidate against dengue. By using the AQUA quantification strategy, we were able to develop, to validate and to transfer the method for the four chimeric virus serotypes. Then, problems met during development process, lead us to suggest check points to verify when using AQUA strategy. In a second part, we attempted to develop a quantitative label free analysis of 445 proteins to study the infection of the phytopathogen Dickeya dadantii, on a model plant. To ensure a simple and fast transfer of this multiplex, we purpose a new acquisition tool, independent from retention time. This tool was developed in a partnership with the R&D Sciex, Toronto and is called “Scout-SRM”
Kirk, John Daniel. "Particle beam LC/MS with fast atom bombardment." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/27127.
Full textRolet, Marie-Claude. "La chromatographie liquide-liquide centrifuge." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P188.
Full textCortejade, Aurélie. "Approches et outils pour l’évaluation de l’Exposome : du dosage de contaminants vers le screening non ciblé pour la caractérisation des expositions humaines environnementales." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10219/document.
Full textThese research works highlight the development of analytical methods, based on mass spectrometry, to assess the Exposome according to different strategies. A selective multiresidue method for the analysis of plastic additives and their degradation products that may be released by plastic packaging in food and beverages and thus ingested by man was developed. This method consists of a Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction with bars covered by polydimethylsiloxane derivatives, followed by an analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with a triple quadrupole instrument. To detect and quantify a wide range of contaminants in contact with man in daily routine, a screening method was developed by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry with a quadrupole-time-of-flight instrument from urinary matrix. The targeted screening method validated according to FDA guidelines allows the quantification of contaminants classified according to different families, in urine without sample preparation, at concentrations of the order of ng.mL-1. This method was applied to volunteers’ urine samples. The non-targeted screening method allows issuing numerous assumptions of compound identification after MS/MS fragmentation. The implementation of this tool to measure the Exposome associated with statistical studies, contribute greatly to the understanding of the causal relationships between diseases and environmental factors
Jeong, Lena N. "Development of General Purpose Liquid Chromatography Simulator for the Exploration of Novel Liquid Chromatographic Strategies." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5079.
Full textDUMAS, HERBIN CHRISTINE. "Chromatographie en phase liquide et synthese organique, exemple d'un produit industriel : la cylcododecanone oxime." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066104.
Full textWong, Victor, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "A fundamental study towards improving the performance of liquid chromatographic separation." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Wong_V.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/467.
Full textDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Bissagou, Koumba Gaelle. "Fragmentations chimique et physique de plastiques et microplastiques en eau douce sous irradiation UV-visible." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC016/document.
Full textThe question of marine litter and their environmental impact gains importance. It was shown that 80% of plastics results from terrestrial sources, while 20% come from coastlines and seas. Many authors point to a serious environmental problem involved to the absorption of POPs (persistent organic pollutants) by plastic detritus, thus initiating a potential source of contamination of the food chain. All authors attribute the fragmentation to "microplastic" (size < 5mm) to phenomena related to degradation, under UV without ever having demonstrated or analysed it. The rivers constituting then a privileged vector of transport of the terrestrial waste towards the seas and oceans, we decided to highlight (and quantify) the presence of microplastics in a river known as "wild" as the Allier. At the laboratory, we develop simulation protocols for the fragmentation of plastics under UV irradiation of various plastic materials in fresh water. We analyse both the chemical molecules resulting from the degradation of plastics and transferred to the aqueous medium as well as the molecular changes that can undergo the material
Barakat, Fatima. "Développement de méthodes analytiques pour l’analyse d’oligonucléotides thérapeutiques bio-conjugués à des lipides." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0292.
Full textAntisense oligonucleotides (ASO) have the ability to inhibit or modulate the expression of a target gene by various mechanisms. Bioconjugation of ASO with a lipid is a very promising approach which has shown an improvement in the delivery of the antisense sequence and therefore, in the therapeutic efficacy of the oligonucleotide. These new therapeutic agents, lipid oligonucleotides (LON), are amphiphilic molecules and are able to self-assemble to form supramolecular objects. Their pharmaceutical development requires suitable analytical methods to study the purity of the LONs synthesized and to be able to quantify them in the formulations but also to characterize the supramolecular assemblies formed.In this work, different methods were investigated in ion-pairing reversed-phase HPLC and hydrophilic interaction chromatography, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) for LON analysis with various chemical structures. Despite the different parameters studied, the asymmetry of the peaks obtained by HPLC limits its use for assays. On the other hand, a quantitative method has been developed and validated in CE in the presence of cyclodextrins (CD). The complexation constant between free LON and CDs as well as the electrophoretic mobility of the complex were determined. Finally, the potential of SEC and CE for the characterization of supramolecular objects of LON was assessed
Marlot, Léa. "Développement de méthodes bidimensionnelles préparatives CPCxLC : application à la purification de molécules d'intérêt issues de matrices végétales." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1299/document.
Full textPreparative two-dimensional chromatography is gaining interest in the elucidation of complex samples as it allows the collection of a large number of molecules with high recovered purity and quantity. While the second dimension is often selected to be liquid chromatography (LC), centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) is a technique with multiple advantages representing a suitable first dimension. In order to purify several molecules of interest in plant matrices, the comprehensive CPCxLC represents a technique with high potential. After explaining its interest and the issues related to the preparative separation in comprehensive mode, the development of such a separation is studied according to three axes. Firstly, a purification of two targeted molecules in Edelweiss plant is carried out at industrial scale thanks to the realization of 2D-contour plot. This application allows to expose the interest of the separation and to highlight the locks related to the conditions of total transfer of the fractions in second dimension. In a second part, the comprehensive CPCxLC separation is developed with the total transfer of the sample in second dimension applied to the purification of five target compounds from Edelweiss plant. The key points of the CPCxLC separation, namely the sampling time and the second dimension transfer, are studied with regard to the LCxLC separation in order to ensure a separation quality allowing the total recovery of the compounds. Finally, the third part consists in the implementation of a CPCxLC system selection methodology based on the quantitative evaluation of the potential of two-dimensional systems to generate distance between peaks. This selection procedure is developed on the sample Cyclopia genistoides with the objective of isolating eight target compounds
Jabot, Claire. "Développement de stratégies analytiques basées sur la LC-MS/MS pour la recherche de traces de pesticides et métabolites dans des matrices apicoles." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1216/document.
Full textFor several years, abnormally high mortalities have been observed in bees worldwide. Several factors may be responsible for these phenomena, including the use of pesti-cides. Among these, insecticides of the family of neonicotinoids and pyrethroids as well as some fungicides of the carboxamide family are implicated. The work presented is devoted to the development of analytical methods for the identification, detection and quantification of 13 pesticides and their metabolites in bees and hive products such as beebread and beeswax.Initially, an original dSPE method was developed for the extraction of targeted pesti-cides in beeswax. Combined with a liquid chromatographic analysis method coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), it allows to reach limits of quantification never reached before in multi-families analysis on this complex matrix, between 1 and 40 ng.g-1.The application of this method to beeswaxes and the analysis of other beekeeping matrices provided by beekeepers (a total of 488 samples including 125 bees, 87 bees-waxes and 276 honeybees) showed a wide presence of these pesticides in french apiar-ies. Overall, beeswax is the matrix with the highest concentrations and beebread is the most contaminated matrix in terms of number of pesticides present.A second part of the work is devoted to the detection and identification of pesticide metabolites generated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. For this, an analytical strategy, based on the complementarity between time-of-flight and triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry, has been put in place. The first allows the identification of me-tabolites by combining the search for known metabolites and specific isotopic profiles (Cl, Br, S). The second allows their detection and quantification in bee samples.This dual approach has identified 9 pesticide metabolites and 5 markers of exposure. Metabolites and markers of exposure to boscalid (carboxamide), mainly derived from hydroxylation, dehalogenation and substitution reactions, have been synthesized. These were then detected and quantified in bee samples from symptomatic apiaries.These analytical developments and results make it possible, on the one hand, to make an inventory of the presence of pesticides of concern in french apiaries. On the other hand, they provide ecotoxicologists with data to better understand the behavior of pesticides in bees
Charton, Frédéric. "Optimisation des coupes et recyclages en chromatographie préparative industrielle." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL091N.
Full textWaichigo, Martin M. "Alkylammonium Carboxylates as Mobile Phases for Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1134142423.
Full textMcBrady, Adam Dewey. "Microfabricated chromatographic instrumentation for micro total analysis systems /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8570.
Full textJaffuel, Aurore. "Résolution de mélanges complexes d'oligosaccharides sulfatés par chromatographie 2D et spectrométrie de masse : application aux héparines thérapeutiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1150.
Full textDebouit, Charlotte. "Dosage du (±)-VX plasmatique libre par chromatographie liquide couplée à un spectromètre de masse en tandem, application toxicologique et approche de la séparation des énantiomères." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENV045.
Full textInnovative analytical methods have been developed to detect and quantify the organophosphorus nerve agent, VX (O-ethyl S–(2(diisopropylamino)ethyl) (methylphosphonothioate)), in plasma using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technique. Liquid-liquid extraction of VX from HBSS environment was achieved with excellent yields (> 99%). Next, extraction from plasma was performed and generated a recovery rate of approximately sixty-five percent (65%). Our distinctive extraction methodology was implemented to evaluate the presence of VX in very small quantities of plasma (between 20 to 1000 µL) as in small rodents' experiments. It was followed by an LC-MS/MS analysis in a 100% organic phase. A Lux Cellulose-1 column (Phenomenex) and an Allure biphenyl column (Restek) were tested with detection limit at 0.15 pg/mL and 0.5 pg/mL in plasma (5 µL injected), respectively. Finally, our study was focused on the separation of VX enantiomers and hopeful results were provided using a Lux cellulose-2 column (Phenomenex)
Courtial, Xavier. "Détermination de coefficients de partage et de limites de solubilité du méthanol dans des mélanges liquides comportant azote et hydrocarbure(s) aux conditions opératoires des unités de fractionnement du gaz naturel." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005035.
Full textJeudy, Jérémy. "Quantification de biomarqueurs protéiques dans des matrices biologiques complexes par spectrométrie de masse : développements et applications." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10242/document.
Full textOver the past decade, interest in the use of biomarkers in clinical studies has greatly increased. Quantification of a candidate protein biomarker in complex samples (eg. plasma) requires targeted and multiplexed assays. Immunoassays are the gold standard for their quantification. However, with the need for targeted and multiplexed methods, recent developments in mass spectrometry (MS) make a viable alternative to ELISA. The present work has addressed the problems encountered in this type of proteomic studies, and solutions that can be explored to improve the workflow of candidate biomarker’s evaluation. Methionine peptides are generally avoided due to their susceptibility to oxidation. However, it seemed interesting to study how their endogenous modifications could affect biological processes. In a first time, apolipoproteins were dismissed as a potential biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease due to oxidation impact. In the same time, problems associated with biological sample collection and storage were highlighted. DBS (Dried Blood Spot) and Vivid device evaluation from a panel of 32 blood proteins has provided a first possible solution to overcome these troubles. Thereafter, a new peptide quantification method called MRM3 was used to overcome biological matrix complexity. Reliable level determinations of 2 plasma proteins (C-Reactive protein and TIMP-1) and 2 urinary proteins (aquaporin-2 and podocin) were obtained. To improve sensitivity and reduce analysis solvent costs, performances of a micro chromatography platform were compared to a narrow-bore platform. This study highlighted the significant impact of the matrix effect on the analytical process, requiring new strategie development. Finally, to reduce sample complexity, evaluation of wide pore solid-phase extraction cartridges has been achieved. A protocol was successfully developed to analyze enzymes contained in commercial laundry samples. Finally to optimize biological sample preparation time, heated-assisted digestion and online desalting step were successfully associated. Only few hours were then required for quantitative analysis
Righezza, Michel. "Détection électrochimique en chromatographie liquide." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600845j.
Full textRighezza, Michel. "Détection électrochimique en chromatographie liquide." Université Paul Cézanne (Aix-Marseille). Faculté des sciences et techniques de Saint-Jérôme, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX30042.
Full textDONALD, GREGORY THOMAS. "Model Chiral Ionic Liquids for High Performance Liquid Chromatography Stationary Phases." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1214325450.
Full textSaint, Jores Clément de. "Vers une meilleure compréhension de l'enrichissement préférentiel. Un cas d'étude : le Fumarate de DL Arginine dans un mélange 50/50 eau/éthanol." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR007/document.
Full textPreferential Enrichment (PE) is an unusual spontaneous symmetry breaking phenomenon developed by Prof. Tamura’s group in the late nineties. Starting with a slightly enriched in one enantiomer, highly supersaturated solution, this out of equilibrium process permits the system to deviate from standard crystallization, in stagnant conditions, in order to obtain a highly enriched mother liquor and deposited crystals slightly enriched in the opposite enantiomer. The objective of this thesis is to assess the process of PE with the case study of Arginine Fumarate in water/ethanol mixture to obtain a better understanding of its mechanism. The main results of this work can be summarized as:– Using time monitoring performed by stopping experiments at 11 different times, PE appeared as a continuous process;– In situ X-Ray powder diffraction experiments showed that polymorphic transitions are not required for PE, different phases or successions of phases can achieve identical results of preferential enrichment;– Exchanges between enantiomers of mother liquor and the deposited crystals were demonstrated by addition of labeled-L-Arginine as counter enantiomer during experiments starting with an excess of D-Arginine.To conclude this work a revised mechanism for PE as a continuous process is proposed. Criteria to achieve PE are reduced to four: i) a strong difference of solubility between pure enantiomers and racemic compound; ii) the racemic compound should crystallize with a solid solution domain; iii) the system should stay stagnant during the complete process; iv) the initial composition should be in the appropriate zone of the phase diagram (e.g. for Arg-Fum system a e.e. < 12% and a β ≥ 4)
Prache, Nolwenn. "Apport des solvants alternatifs pour la cartographie du lipidome par chromatographie." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS052/document.
Full textGreen analytical chemistry development represents one of the main issues of the 21th century. Many investigators in analytical chemistry are actually involved in the development of well-established analytical methods that prevent irreversible damage to humans and environment. In the domain of lipid analysis, structural diversity as well as difference in solubility of these compounds is leading to work with a very large polarity range to separate lipids by classes. The normal-phase liquid chromatography (NPLC) allows realising the elution of compounds in order of increasing polarity. The solubilisation of lipid classes requires the use of a mixture of several solvents, among them chloroform, n-heptane, dichloromethane. Moreover, organic solvents traditionally used in NPLC, although well performing are raising different problems due to their original source, i.e. fossil hydrocarbons, volatility and toxicity for humans and environment. One of the ways to avoid such solvents is the substitution with alternative solvents, as proposed by various players in green chemistry. The interest raised by these solvents, is promising in terms of reduction of solvent use with a significant environmental impact. The properties of supercritical fluid chromatography using CO₂ are similar to NPLC and also offer a green alternative to this method. This work has highlighted that separation methods could be developed with alternative solvents to n-heptane, methanol and chloroform. Their use is compatible with liquid and supercritical chromatography and offer better selectivity in terms of separation of lipid classes. The compatibility of alternative solvents with ELSD and mass spectrometry was also evaluated, which showed that the unavailability of sufficient purity could be an issue. However, this problem was also observed with the use of commercial solvents, which presented impurities such as fatty acids, polymers and antioxidants
Rollet, Marion. "Caractérisation de copolymères à blocs à base de poly(oxyde d’éthylène) et de polystyrène par des techniques de chromatographie liquide avancées." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4783/document.
Full textSeveral advanced techniques of liquid chromatography of polymers were studied according to their elution principle and the conformational behaviour of polymers along the stationary phase. Because of their potential to characterize block copolymers, Liquid Chromatography under Critical Conditions (LC CC) and Liquid Chromatography under Limiting Conditions of Desorption (LC LCD) were employed to determine the chemical composition of Poly(ethylene oxide) and Polystyrene based block copolymers. Interestingly, LC LCD was proved to be particularly efficiently to separate block copolymers from both their parent homopolymers. LC LCD method was then optimized to extend the applicable molar masses ranges
Yu, Xiao-Jie. "Chromatographie liquide d'affinité de la thrombine sur résines de polystyrène modifié." Paris 13, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA132003.
Full textGodard, Marguerite. "Modélisation des interactions chimiques liquide/solide : application à la circulation des magmas mantelliques." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20146.
Full textDABAN, HAUROU CATHERINE. "Synthese et etude chromatographique de nouvelles phases stationnaires chirales derivees d'acides amines. Application a la chromatographie liquide haute performance." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066082.
Full textRoussel, Jean-Marc. "Sélectivité par complexation en chromatographie liquide." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376183021.
Full textRoussel, Jean-Marc. "Sélectivité par complexation en chromatographie liquide." Aix-Marseille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX30023.
Full textDotlich, Erin Michele. "ALKYLAMMONIUM FORMATE IONIC LIQUIDS AS SOLVENTS FOR FLUORESCENCE AND LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHODS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1208983119.
Full textHerviou, Pauline. "Personnalisation des posologies en oncologie selon le profil pharmacocinétique et pharmacogénétique, avec comme modèle l'irinotécan et le bevacizumab." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF1MM04.
Full textUsually, the dosage of anticancer is normalized with used to the patient's body surface area(sometimes its weight). However, this adaptation does not take into account the interindividualpharmacological variability in the pharmacokinetics of the drug. Factors modulating thispharmacokinetics are numerous, including interindividual capacities of metabolism and elimination.At the same dosage, the systemic exposure of the patient can thus be changed, and cause a risk ofoverdosing for some patients, with the development of toxicities, or under dosing for others, withlimiting the therapeutic efficacy. Alternatives to the use of the body surface area have been proposedin order to more take account of inter-individual variability of patients, such as therapeutic drugmonitoring or pharmacogenetics. Genetic polymorphisms of enzymes involved in the metabolism ortransport of a cytotoxic, can change and modify their activity, and impact on drug’s metabolism. Thedevelopment of knowledge in these areas could allow the establishment of new methods to dosage’sadjustment.This PhD project focuses on individualizing dosage of anticancer focusing in both cytotoxicchemotherapies with the model of irinotecan, as targeted therapies, distinguishing in this same classtyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies (bevacizumab model). To optimize thetherapeutic index of these therapies, the dose adjustment was according to pharmacogenetics profile,but also according to the pharmacokinetics profile.A clinical study was developed to studying, in terms of toxicity and efficacy, the interest ofadapting dosage of irinotecan in combination of chemotherapy to traitement of metastatic colorectalcancer (FOLFIRI +/- bevacizumab or cetuximab), based on a genetic polymorphism of UGT1A1, anenzyme involved in its metabolism. Results of the interim study of this phase II trial, conducted in 16patients, are in favor of study continuation with 12.5% grade 4 hematological toxicities, and objectiveresponse rate of 58.3%. The secondary objective was to study the pharmacokinetics of irinotecan andits metabolites during one cycle. These assays were performed by liquid chromatography-massspectrometry. This technique, widely used for quantification of drug in plasma was developed andvalidated according to standards. The dosage of bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody used tocolorectal cancer treatment (associated to FOLFIRI) was also developed by this technique, withspecific peptide identification, and optimization of sample preparation and analytical technique.In parallel, the implementation of the determination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors by massspectrometry and its validation were part of this PhD project, and allow its use in hospital routine intherapeutic drug monitoring