Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chromatographie phase inverse'
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Belaidi, Maafa Dahbia. "Etude par chromatographie inverse des propriétés superficielles physico-chimiques de matériaux carbonés." Mulhouse, 2006. https://www.learning-center.uha.fr/opac/resource/etude-par-chromatographie-inverse-des-proprietes-superficielles-physicochimiques-de-materiaux-carbon/BUS4081401.
Full textMy work of thesis had for objective to characterize the superficial physicochemical properties of carbon materials used inverse gas chromatography (IGC) and inverse liquid chromatography (ILC) techniques. These methods were applied to three types of carbon materials: - milled graphites which were obtained by milling with high energy in a Fritsch planetary mill "Pulveriset 5", from a commercial graphite of weak specific surface which was milled for 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, and 4 hours. These milled graphites, serve us as reference solid, in agreement with the approach already recommended by Santini. - Carbon Blacks. Two blacks' types were retained: Industrial carbon blacks. Carbon blacks of recuperation obtained by pyrolysis of pneumatic at ambient pressure. - nanotubes of carbon, got by the company ARKEMA. In the first part, generality of the carbon materials are called back as well as the bases of the analysis of the superficial properties of a solid by the inverse gas chromatography techniques. The used experimental conditions are described. Then these materials are examined by having appeal to the IGC at infinite dilution ( IGC-ID) which delivers information concerning the energy of surface of the studied solid and the IGC at finite concentration (IGC-FC) who gives access to the isotherms of desorption of the molecule probes. A particular attention brought to the estimation of the energy heterogeneousness of their surfaces in terms of distribution functions of the energies of adsorption of an apolar probe n-heptane and the polar probes- isopropanol and the pyridine-. She also allows by comparison of the fonction of experimental distribution with that characteristic of a homogeneous solid to characterize the surface studied by means of an indication of heterogeneousness which is invalid if the surface is homogeneous. Concerning graphite's, it is shown by IGC-ID that the milling of graphites leads the formation of sites of high energy which play an important role in certain applications as the reinforcement of elastomers and an increase of the characteristic superficial nano-roughness of the side surfaces of solids lamellaires. The standards carbon blacks present characteristic in IGC-ID, close relations of those of the graphites of weak surfaces specific. Also the carbon of recuperation present nearby characteristics of those of the standard blacks from the point of view of the dispersives interactions and of the nanomorphology. But, the presence of impurities under the chape of zinc oxide and silica confers them a superior specific potential of interaction. The IGC-FC cornes to confirm and to complete the results obtained by the IGC-ID. The distribution functions of graphites indeed confirm the increase of the number of these sites of high energy according to time of milling. The study of nanotubes by IGC in shown that the distribution functions obtained with the heptane as the probe, are vert' sharply bimodales. If the position of the peak with Iow energy is stable of a sample has the other and nearby of that of the saine peak in the case of graphites, on the other hand, the position of the peak with high energy is very dependent on the sample. This position is credibly connected to the diarneter of the central channel. This hypothesis is in the course of evaluation. The second part is devolved to the feasibility of the study of the adsorption of the iodine in the potassium iodide solution used the inverse liquid chromatography ( ILC). Having reviewed the literature concerning the adsorption of the iodine in aqueous phase on carbons and describes the analysis of surface by ILC, we describe the experimental protocol, the use of a corrosive eluant (the potassium iodide) and the injection of a crenel of a solution of iodine which lifts numerous problems which we were able tb resolve. This indthbd wâs able to be successfully applied to sonie carbon blacks. She allows on one hand to determine the part of the irreversible and reversible adsorption by comparison of the adsorption and desorption areas, and on the other hand to reach the isotherm of desorption and there, to an evaluation of the heterogeneousness of surface. In conclusion, this study allowed us to combine numerous information on the superficial properties of diverse carbons: graphites, carbon blacks and nanotubes. Their comparison allowed us to advance in the understanding of their relative superficial properties in particular for the carbon nanotubes
Bouaouli-Hadjar, Hamama. "Etude de silices cristallines et amorphes par chromatographie gazeuse inverse." Mulhouse, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MULH0320.
Full textThévenon, Géraldine. "Mecanismes de retention en chromatographie liquide a polarite de phases inversee en milieu non aqueux : etude de la retention des triglycerides." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066353.
Full textSchmitt, Philippe. "Application de la chromatographie gazeuse inverse à la caractérisation de surface de talcs." Mulhouse, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MULH0023.
Full textMouline, Ghita. "Apport de la chromatographie gazeuse inverse dans l'étude des mécanismes et cinétiques de réticulation des matériaux composites." Pau, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PAUU3017.
Full textIvanovic, Darko. "CLHP en phase inverse et spectrophotométrie dérivée appliqués au contrôle de qualité du médicament." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA114821.
Full textBurg, Philippe. "Contribution à la modélisation des pétroles bruts à l'aide de la chromatographie en phase gazeuse inverse." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30033.
Full textDEMATHIEU, CAROLINE. "Caracterisation par chromatographie en phase gazeuse inverse de quelques polysiloxanes destines a la realisation de capteurs chimiques." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA077202.
Full textKhalfi, Abdelhalim. "Etude par chromatographie gazeuse inverse des propriétés de surface de silices pyrogéniques modifiées par silanisation contrôlée par le triméthylchlorosilane : topologie superficielle des silices pyrogéniques." Mulhouse, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MULH0522.
Full textBOUTBOUL, AURELIA. "Etude des interactions entre les composes d'arome et l'amidon par la technique de chromatographie inverse en phase gazeuse." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112090.
Full textDUMAS, HERBIN CHRISTINE. "Chromatographie en phase liquide et synthese organique, exemple d'un produit industriel : la cylcododecanone oxime." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066104.
Full textDelrieu, Pascal. "Utilisation d'acides perfluores en clhp de phase inverse : application a la purification semi-preparative de peptides et d'antibiotiques." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30039.
Full textBertholon, Francois. "Analyse de mélanges à partir de signaux de chromatographie gazeuse." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT110.
Full textThe chromatography is a chemical technique to separate entities from a mixture. In this thesis, we will focused on the gaseous mixture, and particularly on the signal processing of gas chromatography. To acquire those signal we use different sensors. However whatever the sensor used, we obtain a peaks succession, where each peak corresponds to an entity present in the mixture. Our aim is then to analyze gaseous mixtures from acquired signals, by characterizing each peaks. After a bibliographic survey of the chromatography, we chose the Giddings and Eyring distribution to describe a peak shape. This distribution define the probability that a molecule walking randomly through the chromatographic column go out at a given time. Then we propose analytical model of the chromatographic signal which corresponds to a peak shape mixture model. Also in first approximation, this model is considered as Gaussian mixture model. To process those signals, we studied two broad groups of methods, executed upon real data and simulated data. The first family of algorithms consists in a Bayesian estimation of unknown parameters of our model. The order of mixture model can be include in the unknown parameters. It corresponds also to the number of entity in the gaseous mixture. To estimate those parameters, we use a Gibbs sampler, and Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling, or a variational approach. The second methods consists in a sparse representation of the signal upon a dictionary. This dictionary includes a large set of peak shapes. The sparsity is then characterized by the number of components of the dictionary needed to describe the signal. At last we propose a sparse Bayesian method
Comte, Sébastien Dodds John. "Couplage de chromatographie gazeuse inverse à un générateur d'humidité. Etude de l'hydrophilie de surface de solides divisés et des limites de la technique." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000238.
Full textComte, Sébastien. "Couplage de chromatographie gazeuse inverse à un générateur d'humidité. Etude de l'hydrophilie de surface de solides divisés et des limites de la technique." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7421/1/comte.pdf.
Full textCares, Pacheco María Graciela. "Caractérisation de solides organiques par chromatographie gazeuse inverse : potentialités, confrontation à d’autres techniques." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMAC0013/document.
Full textThe polymorphism phenomenon is of great interest in the pharmaceutical field since it concerns more than 80% of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). Differences in physicochemical properties between polymorphs are known to influence the formatting dosage of the active molecule (compression during tableting), bioavailability, toxicity and stability under storage conditions. From an industrial point of view, the surface heterogeneity of pharmaceutical solids seems to play a fundamental role in formatting but also during storage. However, organic solid’s surface interactions are small amplitude phenomenon and therefore very difficult to quantify. Wettability techniques, the most commonly used, relate the work of adhesion to the surface energy by measuring the contact angle between the solid and a liquid. The value of the surface energy obtained has a statistical nature that characterizes a global macroscopic behavior of the solid. This concept becomes meaningless at microscopic level and therefore does not respond to the existing and growing needs of the pharmaceutical industry. The objective of this study is to quantify the anisotropic surface energy of pharmaceutical solids. The inverse gas chromatography (IGC) will appear as the technique of choice for characterizing divided solid surface properties. The study of the surface energy using IGC at infinite dilution, through a rigorous study of Henry’s domain, allowed us to distinguish the polymorphic forms α, β and δ of D-mannitol. In addition, we were able to make a connection between the dispersive component of the solid’s surface energy and the generation and forming processes, such as spray drying (SD) and cryo-milling (CM). Surface energy increments after SD and CM were attributed to changes of the intrinsic characteristics of the particles such as size and morphology
Jarnet, Dominique. "Isolement et caractérisation des protéines apparentées à l'interleukine 2." Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD786.
Full textDelrieu, Pascal. "Utilisation d'acides perfluorés en chromatographie liquide haute performance de phase inverse application à la purification semi-préparative de peptides et d'antibiotiques /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613142h.
Full textTlili, Nawal. "Procédés de séparation multi colonnes continus : extension à la chromatographie à gradient de solvant." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0190/document.
Full textMulti-column chromatographic processes have known, for a few years, a development on all scales, from high added value pharmaceutical products to major chemical intermediates. The specificity of the present work is to study the influence of a gradient elution for these processes. It consists in varying the eluent strength of the mobile phase over the time. The aim is to increase the productivity and the recovery ratio of a high added value product, while satisfying the constraints of purity. Solvent gradient is currently used in analytical chromatography and presents a recent interest in preparative chromatography. The applications concern separations of complex mixtures where the target species has an intermediate affinity for the solid phase compared to other species, which is often the case during the purification of biomolecules extracted from natural raw materials or resulting from biotechnologies. In this case, separation leads to three fractions, impurities weakly retained, an intermediate fraction and impurities strongly retained. For our study, a model mixture, inexpensive and nontoxic, of five amino acids was selected considering their nonpolar and hydrophobic character. The separations were carried out by reversed phase chromatography. An experimental study using a HPLC system was first carried out with single-element solution of each amino acid in isocratic mode. This enabled to determine adsorption isotherm parameters. An empirical law giving the retention factor as a function of eluent composition was determined (K = f (xmethanol)). A work of modeling / simulation, assuming linear isotherm and based on the mixed cells approach, permitted to simulate the separations obtained in the case of a one-column process, then in the case of a multi-column system. The use of retention factors laws allowed to carry out simulations for different solvent gradients. In the case of a single column, a simple methodology was developed to calculate the optimal solvent gradient. The gradient was optimized by minimizing the separation time and by respecting a constraint on the peaks resolution of the two species which are the most difficult to separate. A really good adequacy was observed between simulations and the experimental results. Numerical experimentations, executed in the case of the multi-columns process, made it possible, yet, to find the optimal operating parameters in the case of the studied mixture. These settings will be applied in the experimental validation which will be realized on the pilot unit. This unit has three columns. It is a cyclic sequential process. For the selected operating mode, each cycle contains eight steps. At each step, inlets ant outlets streams of different columns are switched. The criteria for the target species fraction are purity and recovery
Deroche, Arnaud. "Réactivité de l’eau à la surface des oxydes d’actinide. Modifications surfaciques et radiolyse." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS112/document.
Full textActinide oxides are hygroscopic materials. The adsorption of water on their surfaces is likely to cause changes in the nature or condition. In the case of oxides with a high dose rate, the effects of radiolysis of the water causes the decomposition of water and generates hydrogen. These two aspects: surface study and radiolysis of water have been studied here.The study of the generation of dihydrogen by radiolysis of water adsorbed on the surface has shown that this linear generation in the early stages reaches a stable concentration after several hours. This stationary state has been very little observed, and is absent in the case of significant humidity. Conditioning in a dihydrogen-containing atmosphere made it possible to highlight a reaction of consumption of dihydrogen by the material. These experiments led to the emergence of a kinetic model based on two reactions of production and consumption of dihydrogen. The first corresponds to the decomposition of the water under the effect of the radiation, and for the second it is suspected a partial reduction of the surface with the formation of a sub-stoichiometric phase on the surface, however no technique of analysis of surface has not formally highlighted this phase.Inverse gas chromatography is a technique that is not very intrusive with respect to the adsorbed water layers because of the temperatures and pressures involved and the absence of energy deposition. This technique has been used on oxides of thorium and uranium. On thorium oxide, this results in an impact of the calcination temperature, with a maximum of surface energy for calcination at 650 ° C. In addition, it has been shown that the preparation of thorium dioxide can impact the state of its surface. Indeed, it has been observed dehydration of thorium oxalate over time, impacting the structure of the latter. This modification affects the surface of the final oxide by a drop-in surface energy and a change in the distribution of surface adsorption sites. Nevertheless, a chemical treatment of oxalate makes it possible to recover the surface reactivity and a distribution of the adsorption sites. The hydration of the surface shows an increase in surface energy, but this increase is observed only for hydrations of long duration.Keywords: water sorption, radiolysis, plutonium, inverse gas chromatography, thorium, uranium
Le, Solleu Hervé. "Le bromazépam : de l'anxiolyse à la toxicité : dosage dans le plasma par CLHP." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2P031.
Full textMoreau, Jean-Christophe. "Application d'une méthode de chromatographie liquide haute pression à l'étude de nouveaux dérivés de l'acide clofibrique." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P164.
Full textComard, Marie-Pierre. "Caractérisation de surfaces solides hétérogènes : étude du couplage de la chromatographie gazeuse inverse à dilution infinie avec la modification de surface par imprégnation contrôlée par des macromolécules." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL586N.
Full textRezzaki, Mustapha. "Etude de propriétés physico-chimiques de surface et interface par chromatographie gazeuse inverse à dilution infinie application à l'adsorption de poly(méthacrylate) de méthyle (PMMA) sur alumine et silice." Mulhouse, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MULH0534.
Full textTisserand, Christelle. "Étude par chromatographie gazeuse inverse des propriétés de surface de deux formes cristallographiques d'alumines : influence de différents paramètres tels l'humidité ou le dopage en magnésie." Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00001165/.
Full textMarton, Zsuzsanna. "Modélisation moléculaire et expérimentation en réacteur solide/gaz pour la compréhension de la sélectivité de la lipase B de Candida antarctica." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00541104.
Full textBenghalem, Mohammed Amine. "Interactions entre morphologies, acidités et diffusion dans les zéolithes beta : éléments de réponse par spectroscopie infrarouge, réactions modèles et chromatographie à flux inversés." Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT2295/document.
Full textIn order to study the impact of the size and morphology of zeolite crystals on the textural, chemical and diffusion properties, a series of beta zeolites was studied.The logical increase of the porous surfaces and volumes with the decrease in crystal size is observed. In addition, this also implies a decrease in the overall acidity as well as strength of the adsorption sites. However, understanding the complex acidity of these materials requires advanced characterization techniques.The adsorption of probe molecules (pyridine, CO, ethylene) followed by infrared as well as ammonia thermodesorption were correlated to model reactions of ethanol conversion and n-hexane cracking. In this case, the morphology of the crystals has little influence and performance is mainly dictated by the Brønsted sites. The presence of extra-framework aluminums makes it possible to exalt the acid strength of the protonic sites. With the transformation of ethanol, better activities and stabilities are observed in the case of hierarchical zeolites.The study of diffusion by the reversed-flow gas chromatography (RF-IGC) showed that if the diffusion coefficients increase as opposed to crystal size, the secondary porosity reduces the diffusion path. Moreover, the weak sites predominantly present on the hierarchized materials facilitate the desorption of the molecules and are involved in the lateral interactions measured by RF-IGC.This work thus provides elements of response to the stability and the complex catalytic behaviors observed on the beta zeolite
Morgado, Lopes André. "Reactive transport through nanoporous materials." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0560/document.
Full textThis work aims to study the complex behaviors of asphaltenes within the hydrotreatment catalytic porous system including transport properties and adsorption. Inverse size-exclusion chromatography (ISEC) and impedance spectroscopy are used to determine the topological characteristics of different alumina porous solids (porosity, pore size, tortuosity). The effective diffusion coefficient of polystyrenes of different sizes was studied via chromatography in non-adsorbing conditions. Elution peaks are used to determine the effect of molecule size on the accessible pore volume and the transport properties therein: molecules of relatively small sizes penetrate further into the porous medium, thus taking more time to navigate the chromatographic setup, while larger molecules traverse much faster, through the macroporosity. The liquid chromatography technique is divided in two different methods. Both methods yield diffusion coefficient values which are modelled, predicting the behavior of molecules of any size. Columns were assembled manually from alumina powders or monoliths. A synthesized asphaltene model molecule was used and its adsorption behavior was determined and compared to an asphaltene fraction recovered from crude oil. The asphaltene model molecule shows a dimerization behavior as well as extremely strong interactions with the alumina surface. Dynamic method was attempted in short alumina columns at saturation conditions and an apparent influence of the flow rate on the extent and mechanics of adsorption was observed
Fradet, Guillaume. "Physico-chimie de l’interface fibres/matrice : applications aux composites Carbone/Carbone." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14948/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the physical chemistry of the fiber/matrix interface applied to composites carbon/carbon. The surface of carbon fibers was modified by various surface treatments. The carbon fibers surface variation was evaluated by inverse gas chromatography at infinite dilution, SEM, AFM, TEM, Raman... After these characterizations, surface treatments were selected for the realization of C/C composites. The mechanical properties of composites at modulated interfaces (fibers/matrix bonding) were evaluated. Finally, a correlation between surface modification of carbon fibers and macroscopic behavior of composite C/C was established
Nguyen, Thi-Phuong. "Etude des effets de la pollution atmosphérique sur la dégradation de la gélatine photographique." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES101.
Full textHeinisch, Sabine. "Optimisation des phases mobiles binaires et ternaires en chromatographie en phase liquide à polarité de phases inversée." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10116.
Full textKolitcheff, Svetan. "Approche multitechnique des phénomènes de diffusion en hydrotraitement de distillats." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1033/document.
Full textThe catalytic cracking has an important role in fuels production from heavy oil cuts like vacuum gas oil (VGO). To optimize these processes, a pre-hydrotreatment is required. The amount of work dealt by the research community in the last years has highly contributed to the enhancement of the catalyst’s activity. Therefore, the internal mass transfer can become the limiting step and it must be quantified.A methodology based on inverse liquid chromatography has been developed to characterize the mass transfer within alumina catalyst supports. The experimental setup was also used to study the influence of several parameters into mass transfer properties such as, adsorption, temperature, and active phase precursors. In mesoporous aluminas, the diffusion regime undertaken by saturated compounds, going from gasoline to VGO is the molecular regime. For different alumina supports, tortuosity values were estimated and correlated to the textural properties (porosity, specific surface area and pore size distribution). These results showed that the aluminas can not be considered as homogeneous supports given the estimated mass transfer properties. Thus, we assume that a hierarchical porous structure might be in cause. A catalytic test promoted in a stirred reactor was also developed to study the mass transfer properties under reactive conditions. The impact of the particle grains size into the hydrodesulphurization of a synthetized molecule was characterized and modeled. A good agreement was found between the data obtained using the inverse chromatography experiments and the catalytic tests
Desbans, Coraline. "Analyse physico-chimique de mélange complexe d’oligosaccharides d’héparine, par couplage chromatographie liquide haute performance d’appariement d’ions en phase inverse et spectrométrie de masse de type hybride Q-TOF et FT-ICR : Compréhension des mécanismes d’interactions des oligosaccharides polysulfatés avec des dérivés ammonium." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066710.
Full textLotfi, Hayat. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de rétention en chromatographie à polarité de phases inversée sur phases greffées polaires." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10171.
Full textPierre, Guillaume. "Caractérisation biochimique d’exopolymères d’origine algale du bassin de Marennes-Oléron et étude des propriétés physico-chimiques de surface de micro-organismes impliquées dans leur adhésion." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LAROS314/document.
Full textThe main goal of this thesis was to better understand the importance of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) in the structuring and formation of benthic biofilms; while considering a global conception of the ecological mechanisms involved in the functioning of intertidal mudflats. The development of the biochemical assays was done on the mucilage of the macroalgae Chaetomorpha aerea and allowed purifying a polysaccharide rich in galactose, showing a selective bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). Then, the biochemical and ecological studies concerning the EPS extracted from the local mudflat allowed studying their dynamic of production and composition in relation to environmental conditions. The presence of deoxy sugars and uronic acids in the bound EPS highlighted their important roles during the formation and the life of microphytobenthic biofilms. The last part of the work was used to characterize the acid/base of Lewis and hydrophilic/hydrophobic surface properties of the microalgae Navicula jeffreyi, involved in the formation of benthic biofilms, by using classical analysis methods. The use of a new method, named Inverse Gas Chromatography (IGC), allowed getting interesting and relatively similar results, confirming the potential of the method to study the surface properties of microorganisms
Szacherski, Pascal. "Reconstruction de profils protéiques pour la recherche de biomarqueurs." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00788410.
Full textDubuis, Alexis. "Déformulation de matrices complexes : vers une méthodologie raisonnée adaptée aux matrices issues des procédés de valorisation de la biomasse." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1228/document.
Full textThe conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels and biosourced molecules produces complex thermosensitive liquid matrices which cover a wide range of polarity and molecular weight. Analytical tools developed in the literature only give a partial description of these oxygenated matrices. To understand the reactivity of these samples and optimize the development of conversion processes, a better characterization is required. The objective of this thesis is to demonstrate the interest of a relevant fractionation step prior to separation techniques to help the molecular characterization of biomass samples. The reverse engineering proposed for the sample is desired complete and chemically controlled (without loss or sample modification). Two fractionation pathways were investigated: (1) solubility fractionation with liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) and (2) size fractionation with size exclusion chromatography (SEC). These techniques intend to be complementary to reversed-phase liquid chromatography hyphenated to ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy detection and high resolution mass spectrometry (RPLC-UV/HRMS). LLE, CPC and SEC methods were developed on model molecules to understand mechanisms involved and control the chemical selectivity. 2D contour plots were obtained, improving the resolving power and structuring chromatograms in comparison with RPLC-UV/HRMS. Then, SECxRPLC-UV/MS and CPCxRPLC-UV/MS hyphenations were applied to describe two complex samples from different substrates produced on experimental pilot units from two possible conversion pathways of lignocellulosic biomass (biochemical and thermochemical). The complementarity of separation modes allows to double the number of peaks detected, benefiting from the chemical organization of compounds. This constitute a support to identification also enhanced by multi-detection which provide additional structural information on compound detected, especially HRMS. Chemical organization in 2D contour plots were presented and discussed to propose the most adapted strategy to fully fractionate a sample based on the measurement of relevant descriptors. Finally, one of the fractionation approach developed in this thesis was used to isolate and structurally elucidate key molecules of a complex sample through MS fragmentation experiments and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR)
Hmida, Dorra. "Recherche de conditions alternatives à l’utilisation de solvants chlorés en Chromatographie Liquide Non-Aqueuse à Polarité Inversée de Phases. Application à l’analyse des lipides présents dans les milieux complexes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS189/document.
Full textThe determination of triacylglycerols in vegetable oils is an important challenge in plant biology, in the medical field, and in food industry. Nowadays, non-Aqueous Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography (NARP-LC) using chlorinated solvents is commonly used for this purpose. The first objective of this work was to develop alternative analytical conditions that can avoid using chlorinated solvents. In a first step, by using C18 stationary phases, we have established the eluotropic solvent strength scale as a function of temperature of several binary mobile phases consisting of acetonitrile as weak solvent and various strong solvents including acetone, isopropanol, ethyl acetate, and butanol. The comparison of the results obtained under iso-eluotropic conditions for nine seed oils containing a wide range of TAG enabled us to show that the MeCN/BuOH (74/26, v/V) mixture operating at 25 °C are the best mobile phase conditions for TAG analysis, in terms of selectivity, thus avoiding the use of chlorinated solvents. In a second step, we compared the separation of TAGs on new generation of fully or partially porous stationary phase particles of small diameter. After optimizing the separating conditions, the obtained data allowed us to propose two highly efficient chromatographic systems. The first system enables the efficient separation of C18:3 and C18:2 positional isomers of C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids containing TAG. For the identification of these TAG isomers, it was necessary to combine the data obtained by GC-MS and LC -MS as well as the data obtained by the application of some chromatographic retention laws. Taken together, these results allowed us to provide a list containing a large number of TAG unknown to date. The second system allows rapid analysis of olive oil in less than 5 min. This system obeying the guidelines of the International Olive Council can be proposed as a candidate reference method for rapid quality control of olive oils
Fortin, Hélène. "Lepista inversa (Scop. )Patouillard (tricholomataceae) : études chimiques et évaluation de l'activité antitumorale." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10049.
Full textHERON, SYLVIE. "Contribution a l'etude des mecanismes d'interactions moleculaires en chromatographie liquide a polarite de phases inversee. Application a la separation de triglycerides." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066506.
Full textCollongue-Poyet, Béatrice de. "Caractérisation chromatographique et spectroscopique de l'interféron gamma : rôle de la structure primaire et des changements de conformation dans le mécanisme de rétention sur phases inversées." Paris 12, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA120009.
Full textBOULKANZ, LAHOUSSINE. "Caracterisation du mecanisme d'adsorption de l'albumine sur des supports a polarite de phases inversee par chromatographie et spectrometrie infrarouge a transformee de fourier." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066328.
Full textThévenon, Géraldine. "Mécanismes de rétention en chromatographie liquide à polarité de phases inversée en milieu non aqueux étude de la rétention des triglycérides /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376015062.
Full textHazotte, Aurélie. "La micro chromatographie liquide à haute température pour l'analyse rapide et hautement discriminante des lipides d'intérêt biologique." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA114818.
Full textThe structural complexity of lipids and their lack of chromophores make their separation and their detection difficult in liquid chromatography. The aim of this thesis is the development of an analysis technique which is at the same time discriminating, sensitive, fast and efficient. The micro high-temperature liquid chromatography (µHTLC) coupled with an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) adapted to micro flow rates, was implemented on porous graphitized carbon (PGC). A kinetic study has highlighted the real enhancement of efficiency obtained in µHTLC at elevated temperatures and flow rates. This technique allows to strongly decrease analysis times and to improve peaks shape. A scale of eluotropic strength was established on the basis of methylene selectivity on PGC: increasing emperatures modify the eluotropic strength of organic solvents which allows the use of alcohols solvents, less toxic that those classically used in lipids analysis. An application was realized on complex mixtures of lipids to illustrate the potential of the µHTLC and PGC in separation of these molecular species. In addition, µHTLC was coupled with DEDL, mass spectrometer and aerosol charged detector (CAD), in order to position this latter in term of performance compared to the two others detectors and to study effects of µHTLC on detectors response. Finally, concerning the modulation of the selectivity by temperature, a study was realized based on analysis of triacylglycerols in isotherm and temperature gradient mode
PIGOIS, LANDUREAU EMMANUELLE. "Le polypyrrole dope par l'anion chlorure : caracterisation de la surface et de quelques interfaces. etude par spectroscopie de photoelectrons x et par chromatographe en phase gazeuse inverse a dilution infinie." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077293.
Full textPLACE, HELENE. "Etude de l'adsorption de l'albumine du serum humain sur un support chromatographique de phase inversee. Application a la preparation de nouveaux supports pour l'analyse de medicaments dans le plasma." Paris 12, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA120048.
Full textBarakat, Hala. "Effet de la stérilisation par électrons accélérés sur les COC et sur l'impact des interactions avec des molécules actives." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA114802/document.
Full textThe aim of this work was to study the effect of electron beam radio-sterilization on cyclo olefins copolymers (COC) used as pharmaceutical storage materials, as well as to investigate its impact on the interaction with pharmaceuticals formulations. Due to the analytical methodology used which dealt with different techniques of characterization such as size exclusion chromatography, reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurements, we have been able to put into evidence different kinds of modifications both in the bulk and on the surface of the sterilized material and also after ageing.The principal modification of material’s bulk, observed at the recommended dose for sterilization (25 kGy), was polymer chains scissions, accompanied with creation of low molecular weight compounds, that are potentials migrants that risk to affect the safe use of COC. Indeed, some of these compounds have been found with a relatively important concentration in the solutions where sterilized COC was stored, especially in aqueous solutions. However, the preliminary study of toxicity has shown the absence of cytotoxicity of the extractables obtained at the sterilization dose.Surface modifications of radio-sterilized COC are of two types: a physical one, with an increase of the surface’s roughness and a chemical one with the formation of polar oxidation products; these two modifications result in an increase of surface’s wettability that may be important. However, in some cases such as for aged samples, these modifications are relatively weak even at doses higher than the one recommended for sterilization, which can explain the absence of the effect of radiation on the behavior of COC towards drug solutions. Indeed, no variation of drug sorption has been observed between aged COC irradiated and none irradiated
Schmitt, Nathalie. "Caractérisation biochimique, immunologique et moléculaire de l'hordéine D, protéine de réserve de l'orge." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10085.
Full textBarakat, Hala. "Effet de la stérilisation par éléctrons accélérés sur les COC et sur l'impact des interactions avec des molécules actives." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00936342.
Full textVrzal, Tomáš. "Charakterizace interakcí fluorované stacionární fáze Rtx-200MS s analyty metodou inverzní plynové chromatografie." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-338176.
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