Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chromium doping

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Chromium doping'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 1 August 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Chromium doping"

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Asmaa Mohammed Raoof. "Influence of Chromium Doping on the Structural and Optical Properties of Zinc Sulfide Thin Films Prepared via Spray Pyrolysis." International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 12, no. 2 (2025): 01–07. https://doi.org/10.32628/ijsrset2512119.

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In this study, doping impact of Chromium (Cr) on the actual properties of Zinc Sulphide (ZnS) at different content of (0, 2, and 4 wt % Cr) was discussed. The considered examples were readied utilizing Spraying Technique. Other published papers matched structural, topographical, and optical characterization in similar writings. X-ray diffraction reveals the high peak matched (008) plane; grain size is set to increase from 12.23 to 13.44 nm with Chromium doping. In contrast, the dislocation density decreases from 66.85 to 55.36, while strain decreases from 28.33 to 25.79. AFM images indicate th
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Bhat, Vighneshwar S., T. S. Tilakraj, Mallikarjun K. Patil, Vikram Pujari, and Sanjeev R. Inamdar. "One-Pot Synthesis of Biocompatible Glycine Protected Chromium Doped ZnS Nanoparticles and their Optical Properties." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1221, no. 1 (2022): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1221/1/012029.

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Abstract Here in, we report the synthesis and characterization of Chromium doped Zinc Sulfide nanoparticles (ZnS NPs). Initially, ZnS NPs are synthesized by bio-compatible glycine cap using simple one-pot co-precipitate method, and further it is doped by Chromium. The structure and morphology of these ZnS NPs was confirmed by X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope with Elementary Dispersive Spectrum (SEM with EDS) techniques. The optical characterization techniques reveal that the Chromium doping affected the absorption and photoluminescence properties of the NPs. Photolum
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Wang, Leini, Fei Lu, and Fanming Meng. "Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of TiOXPowders with Different Oxygen Defects." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/208987.

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The novel carbon- or chromium-doped TiOXphotocatalysts with different oxygen defects were synthesized by mechanochemical technique and heating process. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectrophotometer, and fluorescence spectrometer. Carbon and chromium species were incorporated into TiOXcrystal matrix. The mass fraction of Ti7O13in TiOXphotocatalysts could be tunable through carbon or chromium doping. The mass fraction of Ti7O13could be an indication of the degree of oxygen defects (the concentration of Ti3+) in the TiOX. The degree of oxygen defects increased for
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Santhosh, M., S. Satheeskumar, C. Shanthi, and B. V. Bhuvaneswari. "Influence of Cu substitution on structural, morphological and optical properties of Cr/ZnO nanopowders." Journal of Ovonic Research 18, no. 2 (2022): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/jor.2022.182.113.

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Chromium doped Zinc oxide (Zn0.96Cr0.04O), Chromium and Copper co-doped ZnO nanoparticles (Zn0.96Cr0.04Cu0.02O & Zn0.96Cr0.04Cu0.04O) successfully synthesized by chemical precipitation method at 5000C. The crystalline structure, surface morphology and optical properties of the prepared Cr/ZnO and Cr/Cu/ZnO nanoparticles were examined as a function of doping substance and the prepared samples were characterized using XRD, SEM, EDS and UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis. The synthesized nanoparticles show hexagonal wurtzite structure, and the phase segregation takes place for Cu doping. Optical st
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Wang, Li Wei, and Terry A. Egerton. "The Effect of Chromium on the Optical Properties and Photoactivity of Nano-Particulate Rutile." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 502–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.502.

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Chromium doped rutile TiO2was synthesized by either co-precipitation or impregnation (surface-doping) and characterized by XRD and reflectance spectroscopy. Chromium addition did not change the TiO2structure nor did the structure of the co-precipitated products differ from that of the impregnated samples. However, chromium doping moved the absorption of both sets of products into the visible and significantly affected the TiO2photocatalytic activity for isopropanol (IPA) oxidation. At high chromium concentrations the photoactivity of the co-precipitated samples was reduced by a larger amount t
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Starchikov, S. S., I. S. Lyubutin, Chun-Rong Lin, et al. "Synthesis and magnetic properties of the chromium-doped iron sulfide Fe1−xCrxS single crystalline nanoplates with a NiAs crystal structure." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 24 (2015): 15829–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp01846c.

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Chromium-doped pyrrhotite Fe<sub>1−x</sub>Cr<sub>x</sub>S nanoparticles have been synthesized. The specific magnetic properties important for applications in technical devices can be tuned by chromium doping.
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Pedraza-Avella, J. A., R. López, F. Martínez-Ortega, E. A. Páez-Mozo, and Ricardo Gómez. "Effect of Chromium Doping on Visible Light Absorption of Nanosized Titania Sol-Gel." Journal of Nano Research 5 (February 2009): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.5.95.

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Visible light absorption of TiO2 can be induced by the addition of transition metal impurities. However, many dissimilar results have been reported about this subject and there are various interpretations about the origin of these absorption features. In this work, samples of chromium-doped titania (TiO2-Cr) with different dopant contents (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 wt. %) were prepared by a sol-gel method. Their particle size was determined by dynamic light scattering and it was on the nanometer scale (18 nm). X-ray powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy showed only the presence of anatase pha
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Setera, Brett, Ching-Hua Su, Bradley Arnold, et al. "Comparative Study of Bulk and Nanoengineered Doped ZnSe." Crystals 12, no. 1 (2022): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12010071.

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Chromium- and cobalt-doped zinc selenide nanoparticles were synthesized using a low-temperature reactive solution growth method. The morphological and optical characteristics were compared to those of doped zinc selenide (ZnSe) bulk crystals grown by the physical vapor transport (PVT) method. We observed agglomeration of particles; however, the thioglycerol capping agent has been shown to limit particle grain growth and agglomeration. This process enables doping by addition of chromium and cobalt salts in the solution. A slightly longer refluxing time was required to achieve cobalt doping as c
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Lin, Jinpei, Jiaqi Zhang, Hao Sun, et al. "Structural and Magnetic Property of Cr3+ Substituted Cobalt Ferrite Nanomaterials Prepared by the Sol-Gel Method." Materials 11, no. 11 (2018): 2095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112095.

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Cobalt-chromium ferrite, CoCrxFe2−xO4 (x = 0–1.2), has been synthesized by the sol-gel auto-combustion method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates that samples calcined at 800 °C for 3 h were a single-cubic phase. The lattice parameter decreased with increasing Cr concentration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that the sample powders were nanoparticles. It was confirmed from the room temperature Mössbauer spectra that transition from the ferrimagnetic state to the superparamagnetic state occurred with the doping of chromium. Both the saturation magnetization and the coercivity decre
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Kushwaha, S. K., K. K. Maurya, D. Haranath, and G. Bhagavannarayana. "The effect of Cr3+doping on the crystalline perfection and optical properties of zinc tris(thiourea)sulfate, a nonlinear optical material." Journal of Applied Crystallography 44, no. 5 (2011): 1054–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s002188981102944x.

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A study of the effect of Cr3+doping in zinc tris(thiourea)sulfate (ZTS, a well known nonlinear optical material) single crystals on crystalline perfection and optical properties was carried out. Pure and chromium-doped (1 and 2 mol%) ZTS single crystals were grown by the slow evaporation solution technique. The actual concentration of chromium incorporated into the crystal lattice was found to be different, as evaluated by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. High-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) analysis revealed that chromium doping led to the creation of vacancies in the grown single c
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chromium doping"

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Tásler, Jan. "Příprava a vlastnosti transparentních polykrystalických keramických materiálů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-416665.

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The presented diploma thesis is focused on the preparation and properties of transparent polycrystalline ceramic materials based on Al2O3. Theoretically, the most important technological aspects of the processing of these materials are presented. Detailed attention is given to transparent Al2O3 polycrystalline ceramics doped with rare earth elements. The influence of microstructural parameters on the optical properties (represented by RIT) is investigated on Al2O3 samples doped and codoped with dysprosium, terbium and chromium. A significant effect of the average grain size on the light transm
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Thomas, Régis. "MOX dopé chrome : optimisation du dopage et de l’atmosphère de frittage." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14832/document.

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Dans un contexte d’accroissement des marges de sûreté des réacteurs de générations II et III vis-à-vis des scénarios accidentels, des efforts importants de recherche sont consacrés à l’amélioration de la microstructure du combustible MOX à l’issue de son procédé de fabrication. Les deux caractéristiques microstructurales recherchées sont l’accroissement de l’homogénéité de répartition du plutonium et l’augmentation de la taille de grain. Dans cette optique, une solution envisagée est l’ajout lors du procédé de fabrication et sans modification de celui-ci, de sesquioxyde de chrome Cr2O3. Une pr
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Rosell-Laclau, Eliette. "Addition d'éléments de transition dans les alliages Al-Ni précurseurs des catalyseurs de nickel de Ranay." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0071.

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Cette etude concerne l'influence d'elements d'addition (titane, fer et chrome) dans les alliages precurseurs al-ni, des catalyseurs de nickel de raney. Deux aspects principaux ont ete developpes lors de ce travail. La premiere partie traite de l'effet du dopant sur la reactivite des phases al#3ni et al#3ni#2 vis-a-vis de l'extraction d'aluminium par attaque alcaline. L'attaque de al#3ni par propagation d'un front plan, a permis de mettre en evidence un processus d'attaque identique que ce soit sans dopant ou en presence de titane ou de chrome. Une energie d'activation de 60 kj/mol a ete determ
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Yang, Jing. "Synthesis and characterisation of metal oxyhydroxide and oxide nanomaterials." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/45712/1/Jing_Yang_Thesis.pdf.

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In this work, a range of nanomaterials have been synthesised based on metal oxyhydroxides MO(OH), where M=Al, Co, Cr, etc. Through a self-assembly hydrothermal route, metal oxyhydroxide nanomaterials with various morphologies were successfully synthesised: one dimensional boehmite (AlO(OH)) nanofibres, zero dimensional indium hydroxide (In(OH)3) nanocubes and chromium oxyhydroxide (CrO(OH)) nanoparticles, as well as two dimensional cobalt hydroxide and oxyhydroxide (Co(OH)2 & CoO(OH)) nanodiscs. In order to control the synthetic nanomaterial morphology and growth, several factors were investig
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Mieszczynski, Cyprian. "Atomic scale structural modifications in irradiated nuclear fuels." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01057120.

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This thesis work reports in depth analyses of measured µ-XRD and µ-XAS data from standard UO2, chromia (Cr2O3) doped UO2 and MOX fuels, and interpretation of the results considering the role of chromium as a dopant as well as several fission product elements. The lattice parameters of UO2 in fresh and irradiated samples and elastic strain energy densities in the irradiated UO2 samples have been measured and quantified. The µ-XRD patterns have further allowed the evaluation of the crystalline domain size and sub-grain formation at different locations of the irradiated fuel pellets. Attempts hav
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Tsai, Sian-jhih, and 蔡賢治. "Tribological performance of chromium films with aluminum doping after high temperature oxidation treatment." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32142887320962001312.

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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>機械工程學系碩博士班<br>96<br>In this study, Cr-Al coatings were deposited on JIS SKH51 disks, Si (100) wafers, micro-drills and indexable inserts from one aluminum and tree chromium targets using Closed Field Unbalanced Magnetron (CFUBM) sputtering system. The main purpose of this study is to research the mechanical and tribological properties and cutting performance of the Cr-Al coatings before and after high temperature oxidation. The experiment was divided into three stages. In the first two stages, the ratio of chromium and aluminum contents (Al/Cr) and the effect of one hour oxidat
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Hsieh, Yi-Huan, and 謝宜寰. "Tribological performance of chromium films with tungsten doping after high temperature oxidation treatment." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44315789083116035157.

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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>機械工程學系碩博士班<br>95<br>In this study, Cr-W coatings were deposited on JIS SKH51 disks, silicon wafers, micro-drills and indexable inserts by closed field unbalanced magnetron system. The main purpose of this study is to research the mechanical and tribological properties and cutting performance of the Cr-W coatings before and after high temperature oxidation. The experiment is divided into three stages. In first stage, the effect of tungsten content on the mechanical properties of the Cr-W coatings was investigated. In second stage, the effect of one hour oxidation treatment at 60
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Roro, Kittessa Tolessa. "Influence of V and Mn doping on the electrical transport properties of A Cr +1.2 at.% Ga alloy." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1360.

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M.Sc.<br>Impurity resonance scattering effects are investigated in the Cr-Ga alloy system. This system has a triple point on its magnetic phase diagram where the paramagnetic (P), incommensurate (I) and commensurate (C) spin-density-wave (SDW) states co-exist. Alloying Cr with the nonmagnetic nontransitional element Ga affects the magnetic properties of Cr in a very unique way. In order to investigate the presence of resonant impurity scattering effects in binary Cr-Ga alloys, electrical resistivity measurements were carried out in the temperature range between 6 K and 85 K. The results of the
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Che-WeiLiu and 劉哲維. "Effect of lanthanum and chromium co-doping on the dielectric properties of bismuth ferrite." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54149721425120860296.

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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>材料科學及工程學系碩博士班<br>101<br>BiFeO3(BFO),which is one of the most potential multiferroics ,has high Curie temperature TC(~1123 K) and high Néel temperature TN(~643 K) resulting to the coexistence of ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism at room temperature.This study mainly reported the influence and change by the co-doping of lanthanum and different content of chromium.Bi3+ ions have close size as La3+ ions, and Fe3+ ions have close size as Cr3+ ions, so we hope to improve the ferroelectric properties with the substitution of La3+ ions for Bi3+ ions and Cr3+ ions for Fe3+ ions in the
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HUANG, YUNG-TING, and 黃詠廷. "Effect of Tungsten-doping in Chromium Nitride Based Films on Oxidation Resistance and Thermal Electricity Deposited on Ferritic Stainless Steel." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m5a27e.

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碩士<br>國立高雄大學<br>化學工程及材料工程學系碩士班<br>105<br>Bipolar plates materials were used for solid oxide fuel cell accounted for 80% of weight and 45% of cost overall, which must have a good formability and low cost. Therefore ferritic stainless steel has been chosen. Considering the influence of working environment, bipolar plate also must have good high temperature oxidation resistance and high electrical conductivity. Fe-Cr-Mn alloy can form spinel structure which has good electrical conductivity in the surface of oxide scale, and protects inner layer chromia from rapid oxidation. In this experiment, Fe
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Book chapters on the topic "Chromium doping"

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Low, I. M., H. Albetran, V. De La Prida, P. Manurung, and M. Ionescu. "Effect of Chromium-Doping on the Crystallization and Phase Stability in Anodized TiO2Nanotubes." In Developments in Strategic Materials and Computational Design III. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118217542.ch14.

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Krumpolc, M., D. Hill, and H. B. Stuhrmann. "Progress in the Chemistry of Chromium(V) Doping Agents Used in Polarized Target Materials." In High Energy Spin Physics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76661-9_65.

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Liu, Yingjia, Kangli Wang, and Jeffrey W. Fergus. "Effect of Chromium Doping on the Crystal Structure, Electrical Conductivity and Thermal Expansion of Manganese Cobalt Spinel Oxides." In Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118095249.ch11.

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C.A. Silva, Anielle, Jerusa M. de Oliveira, Luciana R.S. Floresta, et al. "Transition Metals Doped Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications." In Transition Metal Compounds - Synthesis, Properties, and Application. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97326.

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Doping is a technique that makes it possible to incorporate substitutional ions into the crystalline structure of materials, generating exciting properties. This book chapter will comment on the transition metals (TM) doped nanocrystals (NCs) and how doping and concentration influence applications and biocompatibility. In the NCs doped with TM, there is a strong interaction of sp-d exchange between the NCs’ charge carriers and the unpaired electrons of the MT, generating new and exciting properties. These doped NCs can be nanopowders or be embedded in glass matrices, depending on the applicati
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Sridhar, Rapolu, D. Ravinder, J. Laxman Naik, K. Vijaya Kumar, N. Maramu, and S. Katlakunta. "Investigation of Structural, Magnetic and Electrical Properties of Chromium Substituted Nickel Ceramic Nanopowders." In Advanced Ceramic Materials. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94941.

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Nano-ceramic of NiCrxFe2-xO4 (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) ferrites were synthesized by citrate-gel auto combustion method. The structural parameter such as lattice parameter, X-ray density, bulk density and porosity variations with Cr doping were studied. The average crystallite size is in the range 8.5–10.5 nm. The surface morphology and elemental analysis was studied with SEM (EDAX) spectrum and the structural information analyzed with FTIR spectra. Magnetic properties were discussed with Cr3+ion concentration. Electrical parameters like dc resistivity and drift mobility were reported with function of te
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Henderson, B., and G. F. Imbusch. "Spectroscopy at high dopant concentrations." In Optical Spectroscopy of Inorganic Solids. Oxford University PressOxford, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199298624.003.0010.

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Abstract So far this treatment of the spectroscopy of optically active centres in solids has assumed these centres to be isolated from each other. When the concentration of centres is increased, or when a second type of optically active centre is also introduced, allowance must be made for the possibility that two centres are sufficiently close to each other to interact. This interaction may be too weak to have a detectable effect on the energy levels so that the centres retain their individual identities but may yet be sufficiently strong to enable excitation to be transferred from one to ano
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Conference papers on the topic "Chromium doping"

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Modi, Anchit, Rajesh K. Thakur, Rasna Thakur, G. S. Okram, and N. K. Gaur. "Effect of chromium doping on the resistivity behavior of gadolinium manganite." In SOLID STATE PHYSICS: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 57TH DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2012. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4791527.

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Yadav, A., Mashkoor A. Dar, P. Choudhary, P. Shah, and Dinesh Varshney. "Chromium doping effects on structural and dielectric properties of Mn-Zn cobaltites." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONDENSED MATTER AND APPLIED PHYSICS (ICC 2015): Proceeding of International Conference on Condensed Matter and Applied Physics. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4946352.

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Saleem, M., and Dinesh Varshney. "Effect of chromium doping on the structural and vibrational properties of Mn-Zn ferrites." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONDENSED MATTER AND APPLIED PHYSICS (ICC 2017). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5032428.

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Stanoi, Carmen-Daniela, Gabriel Socol, Carmen Ristoscu, et al. "Pulsed laser deposition of chromium oxides thin films: chemical stabilizations by capping and doping." In SPIE Proceedings, edited by Valentin I. Vlad. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.582915.

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Ivleva, L. I., P. G. Zverev, I. S. Voronina, E. E. Dunaeva, and A. V. Nekhoroshikh. "Influence of chromium and niobium Co-doping on laser damage threshold of Raman active crystals." In 2013 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics Europe & International Quantum Electronics Conference CLEO EUROPE/IQEC. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleoe-iqec.2013.6801013.

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Perevalova, Olga, Elena Konovalova, Nina Koneva, and Eduard Kozlov. "The chromium doping of Ni3Fe alloy and restructuring of grain boundary ensemble at the phase transition A1→L12." In ADVANCED MATERIALS IN TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION (AMTC-2015): Proceedings of the II All-Russian Scientific Conference of Young Scientists “Advanced Materials in Technology and Construction”. AIP Publishing LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4937825.

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Pimentel, Joao Vitor, Manuel Evaristo, Tomas Polcar, and Albano Cavaleiro. "Self-lubricating W-S-C-Cr tribological coatings deposited by r.f. magnetron sputtering." In 13th International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering September 10 - 14, 2012, in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/wcc2.283-286.

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Tribological coatings composed of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) have long been studied for their excellent self-lubricant properties. However, they exhibit low load-bearing capacity, and their performance tends to deteriorate significantly in the presence of humidity. In previous works, doping disulfides and diselenides of tungsten and molybdenum has proven to be a way of greatly improving the tribological performance of this class of films in different environments. In this work, thin films were deposited by r.f. magnetron sputtering on silicon and steel samples, using two targets (c
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Lee, Byeonghee, Kyeongtae Kim, Seungkoo Lee, et al. "Design and Batch-Fabrication of Diamond Thermocouple Probes for the Quantitative Thermopower Profiling of Silicon IC Devices." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23347.

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We developed a measurement technique that can quantitatively map out the dopant density profile of a silicon integrated-circuit device. This method obtains the quantitative doping density profile by simultaneously carrying out local heating, temperature sensing, and thermoelectric voltage measurement at the tip of a diamond thermocouple probe. This probe, which is the key component of the proposed scheme, is fabricated through a nano-fabrication technique that makes use of boron-doped diamond film that can resist stress up to 10 Gpa, which is necessary for stable electric contact with silicon
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Chai, Bruce H. T., Patrick LiKamWa, Hai-Sheng Wang, and Alan Miller. "Generation of 150 femtosecond tunable pulses in Cr:LiSrAlF6 and Cr:LiSrCaAlF6." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.pd30.

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In this talk, we present the first demonstration of cw mode-locked operation of wavelength tunable Cr3+ doped LiSrAlF6 (Cr:LiSAF) and LiSr0.8Ca0.2AlF6 (Cr:LiSCAF). The Czochralski grown crystals, with a nominal chromium concentration of 2% in the melt, were Brewster cut and polished to 15mm lengths and mounted in a four mirror X-fold cavity. Cr:LiSAF1 and Cr:LiSCAF2 crystals showed similar cw and mode-locked performance. Pumping with a cw krypton laser (Laser Ionics) gave a threshold power of 210mW using the red doublet. The output power peaked at around 300mW with 1.5W input. The tuning range
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Yarrison-Rice, Jan M., Robert Klank, Mike Kwiatkowski, et al. "Two-beam coupling- and response-time measurements in strontium barium niobate crystals doped with different concentrations of chromium." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1993.thdd.40.

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The role of chromium dopant concentration in photorefractive strontium barium niobate is investigated in two 5 mm cubed crystals doped with 0.011% and 0.06% chromium and one 0.5 mm thick (0.06% chromium). Two-beam coupling, grating formation and erasure times, and beam fanning are utilized to extrapolate several material parameters from these crystals.
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