Journal articles: 'Chromium doping'

1

Asmaa Mohammed Raoof. "Influence of Chromium Doping on the Structural and Optical Properties of Zinc Sulfide Thin Films Prepared via Spray Pyrolysis." International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 12, no. 2 (2025): 01–07. https://doi.org/10.32628/ijsrset2512119.

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In this study, doping impact of Chromium (Cr) on the actual properties of Zinc Sulphide (ZnS) at different content of (0, 2, and 4 wt % Cr) was discussed. The considered examples were readied utilizing Spraying Technique. Other published papers matched structural, topographical, and optical characterization in similar writings. X-ray diffraction reveals the high peak matched (008) plane; grain size is set to increase from 12.23 to 13.44 nm with Chromium doping. In contrast, the dislocation density decreases from 66.85 to 55.36, while strain decreases from 28.33 to 25.79. AFM images indicate that average particle size was 63.3 nm to 31.89 nm with Undoped ZnS and ZnS: Cr with 0% and 4% concentrations, respectively. Transmittance offers good transparency, in the visible area between 68 and 63, for undoped ZnS and 4% Cr content. The absorption coefficient indices increased via increasing Chromium doping. The optical bandgap of undoped ZnS and ZnS:Cr films decreases from 3.47 eV to 3.37 eV as the chromium concentration increases from 0% to 4%. The extinction coefficient and refractive index decrease via increasing Chromium doping.

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Bhat, Vighneshwar S., T. S. Tilakraj, Mallikarjun K. Patil, Vikram Pujari, and Sanjeev R. Inamdar. "One-Pot Synthesis of Biocompatible Glycine Protected Chromium Doped ZnS Nanoparticles and their Optical Properties." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1221, no. 1 (2022): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1221/1/012029.

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Abstract Here in, we report the synthesis and characterization of Chromium doped Zinc Sulfide nanoparticles (ZnS NPs). Initially, ZnS NPs are synthesized by bio-compatible glycine cap using simple one-pot co-precipitate method, and further it is doped by Chromium. The structure and morphology of these ZnS NPs was confirmed by X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope with Elementary Dispersive Spectrum (SEM with EDS) techniques. The optical characterization techniques reveal that the Chromium doping affected the absorption and photoluminescence properties of the NPs. Photoluminescence of these NPs shifts from 384 nm to 428 nm upon Chromium doping. By using Tauc plot we obtained the energy band gap of 4.7 eV and it reduces to 3.9 eV for Chromium dope. The resultant ZnS NPs have size of 2.17nm and 1.86nm (with Chromium doping), also it gives Cubic Zinc blend phase as proved by XRD. The instrumentation techniques SEM with EDS, XRD, FTIR confirms that high purity Chromium doped ZnS NPs can be obtained by the proposed simple, low cost and highly effective method.

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Wang, Leini, Fei Lu, and Fanming Meng. "Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of TiOXPowders with Different Oxygen Defects." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/208987.

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The novel carbon- or chromium-doped TiOXphotocatalysts with different oxygen defects were synthesized by mechanochemical technique and heating process. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectrophotometer, and fluorescence spectrometer. Carbon and chromium species were incorporated into TiOXcrystal matrix. The mass fraction of Ti7O13in TiOXphotocatalysts could be tunable through carbon or chromium doping. The mass fraction of Ti7O13could be an indication of the degree of oxygen defects (the concentration of Ti3+) in the TiOX. The degree of oxygen defects increased for carbon doping, while the degree of oxygen defects decreased for chromium doping. The photocatalytic activity measurement results showed that photodegradation rate of methyl orange reached the maximum value with mass fraction of Ti7O13of about 66.93%, but the photodegradation rate decreased when mass fraction of Ti7O13is raised further. In addition, the origin of absorption in the visible spectral range for carbon-doped TiOXas well as the effect of band gap on photocatalytic activity has also been discussed in this paper.

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Santhosh, M., S. Satheeskumar, C. Shanthi, and B. V. Bhuvaneswari. "Influence of Cu substitution on structural, morphological and optical properties of Cr/ZnO nanopowders." Journal of Ovonic Research 18, no. 2 (2022): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/jor.2022.182.113.

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Chromium doped Zinc oxide (Zn0.96Cr0.04O), Chromium and Copper co-doped ZnO nanoparticles (Zn0.96Cr0.04Cu0.02O & Zn0.96Cr0.04Cu0.04O) successfully synthesized by chemical precipitation method at 5000C. The crystalline structure, surface morphology and optical properties of the prepared Cr/ZnO and Cr/Cu/ZnO nanoparticles were examined as a function of doping substance and the prepared samples were characterized using XRD, SEM, EDS and UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis. The synthesized nanoparticles show hexagonal wurtzite structure, and the phase segregation takes place for Cu doping. Optical studies revealed that Cr doping increases the energy band gap while Cu incorporation results in decrease of the band gap.

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Wang, Li Wei, and Terry A. Egerton. "The Effect of Chromium on the Optical Properties and Photoactivity of Nano-Particulate Rutile." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 502–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.502.

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Chromium doped rutile TiO2was synthesized by either co-precipitation or impregnation (surface-doping) and characterized by XRD and reflectance spectroscopy. Chromium addition did not change the TiO2structure nor did the structure of the co-precipitated products differ from that of the impregnated samples. However, chromium doping moved the absorption of both sets of products into the visible and significantly affected the TiO2photocatalytic activity for isopropanol (IPA) oxidation. At high chromium concentrations the photoactivity of the co-precipitated samples was reduced by a larger amount than that of the impregnated samples; this was attributed to a higher concentration of Cr3+ions in the rutile lattice. Unexpectedly, increased photoactivity was measured for low Cr levels of surface-doped rutile. This may be caused by increased electron-trapping, at surface Cr6+ions, and correspondingly reduced, electron-hole recombination.

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Starchikov, S. S., I. S. Lyubutin, Chun-Rong Lin, et al. "Synthesis and magnetic properties of the chromium-doped iron sulfide Fe1−xCrxS single crystalline nanoplates with a NiAs crystal structure." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 24 (2015): 15829–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp01846c.

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Chromium-doped pyrrhotite Fe1−xCrxS nanoparticles have been synthesized. The specific magnetic properties important for applications in technical devices can be tuned by chromium doping.

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Pedraza-Avella, J. A., R. López, F. Martínez-Ortega, E. A. Páez-Mozo, and Ricardo Gómez. "Effect of Chromium Doping on Visible Light Absorption of Nanosized Titania Sol-Gel." Journal of Nano Research 5 (February 2009): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.5.95.

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Visible light absorption of TiO2 can be induced by the addition of transition metal impurities. However, many dissimilar results have been reported about this subject and there are various interpretations about the origin of these absorption features. In this work, samples of chromium-doped titania (TiO2-Cr) with different dopant contents (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 wt. %) were prepared by a sol-gel method. Their particle size was determined by dynamic light scattering and it was on the nanometer scale (18 nm). X-ray powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy showed only the presence of anatase phase in all samples. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that the oxidation state of chromium in the prepared materials is different than in the dopant precursor. This change can be associated to the oxidative gelling conditions used in the materials preparation. UV VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy showed that the chromium doping, until 1.0 wt. %, did not effectively narrow the TiO2 band-gap but it induces the visible light absorption probably through the formation of color centers.

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8

Setera, Brett, Ching-Hua Su, Bradley Arnold, et al. "Comparative Study of Bulk and Nanoengineered Doped ZnSe." Crystals 12, no. 1 (2022): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12010071.

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Chromium- and cobalt-doped zinc selenide nanoparticles were synthesized using a low-temperature reactive solution growth method. The morphological and optical characteristics were compared to those of doped zinc selenide (ZnSe) bulk crystals grown by the physical vapor transport (PVT) method. We observed agglomeration of particles; however, the thioglycerol capping agent has been shown to limit particle grain growth and agglomeration. This process enables doping by addition of chromium and cobalt salts in the solution. A slightly longer refluxing time was required to achieve cobalt doping as compared with chromium doping due to lower refluxing temperature. The nanoparticle growth process showed an average particle size of approximately 300 nm for both Cr- and Co-doped zinc selenide. The optical characterization of Co:ZnSe is ongoing; however, preliminary results showed a very high bandgap compared to that of pure ZnSe bulk crystal. Additionally, Co:ZnSe has an order of magnitude higher fluorescence intensity compared to bulk Cr:ZnSe samples.

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9

Lin, Jinpei, Jiaqi Zhang, Hao Sun, et al. "Structural and Magnetic Property of Cr3+ Substituted Cobalt Ferrite Nanomaterials Prepared by the Sol-Gel Method." Materials 11, no. 11 (2018): 2095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112095.

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Cobalt-chromium ferrite, CoCrxFe2−xO4 (x = 0–1.2), has been synthesized by the sol-gel auto-combustion method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates that samples calcined at 800 °C for 3 h were a single-cubic phase. The lattice parameter decreased with increasing Cr concentration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that the sample powders were nanoparticles. It was confirmed from the room temperature Mössbauer spectra that transition from the ferrimagnetic state to the superparamagnetic state occurred with the doping of chromium. Both the saturation magnetization and the coercivity decreased with the chromium doping. With a higher annealing temperature, the saturation magnetization increased and the coercivity increased initially and then decreased for CoCr0.2Fe1.8O4.

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10

Kushwaha, S. K., K. K. Maurya, D. Haranath, and G. Bhagavannarayana. "The effect of Cr3+doping on the crystalline perfection and optical properties of zinc tris(thiourea)sulfate, a nonlinear optical material." Journal of Applied Crystallography 44, no. 5 (2011): 1054–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s002188981102944x.

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A study of the effect of Cr3+doping in zinc tris(thiourea)sulfate (ZTS, a well known nonlinear optical material) single crystals on crystalline perfection and optical properties was carried out. Pure and chromium-doped (1 and 2 mol%) ZTS single crystals were grown by the slow evaporation solution technique. The actual concentration of chromium incorporated into the crystal lattice was found to be different, as evaluated by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. High-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) analysis revealed that chromium doping led to the creation of vacancies in the grown single crystals. The photoluminescence emission spectra of pure and doped crystals supported the HRXRD findings. The optical band gap of the single crystals increased as a result of the Cr3+doping, but their transparency in the visible region decreased. The doped crystals exhibited higher linear refractive indices than the pure crystals. The optical dielectric constant (∊), the extinction coefficient (k), the average single-oscillator energy for electronic transitions (Eo) and the oscillator strength (Ed) were evaluated for ZTS single crystals and significant changes were observed in these parameters due to the Cr3+doping.

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11

Rehani, Divya, Swati Bishnoi, Manish Saxena, and Shailesh Narain Sharma. "Adverse Effect of Europium Doping on Magneto-Optical Properties of Cr2O3." Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 12, no. 1 (2020): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2511.

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The article describes in detail the effect of doping Europium (Eu) on magnetic and optical properties of Cr2O3. Undoped and Eu (1–5 mol%) doped Cr2O3 samples were synthesized using solid state synthesis method. The structural, magnetic and optical properties of undoped and Europium (Eu) doped chromium oxide powder were studied by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The X-ray diffraction pattern confirms the polycrystalline nature of undoped and Europium (Eu) doped chromium oxide powder. The magnetic measurements revealed decline in magnetism with increasing Eu concentration. With increasing Eu concentration, the visible luminescence of Cr2O3 improved. The study highlighted that Eu as a dopant is not suitable for improving the magnetic properties of Cr2O3.

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12

Zekaik, Ahlam, Hadj Benhebal, and Bedhiaf Benrabah. "Synthesis and characterization of Cu doped chromium oxide (Cr2O3) thin films." High Temperature Materials and Processes 38, no. 2019 (2019): 806–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2019-0037.

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AbstractCu-doped Cr2O3 thin films were deposited onto glass substrate by the sol–gel dip-coating (SGDC) process using dopant values of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12%. The Chromium (III) Nitrate Nonahydrate [Cr(NO3)3·9H2O] was used as a Cr source, whilst for the dopant, the corresponding nitrate (Cu(NO3)2) was used. The crystal structure, as well as the optical and electrical properties were examined. XRD data showed that the films with a high degree of crystallinity were rhombohedral Cr2O3 phase. The crystallite size reduces with increase in Cu doping proportion. The AFM results indicate a decrease in the surface roughness of the doped Cr2O3: Cu thin films. The UV-Vis spectra of the Cu doped-Cr2O3 films showed high transparency in the visible region. The optical band gap of Cr2O3 thin films decreases with increasing in Cu doping rate. The Nyquist plot shows that the equivalent circuit of Cu doped-Cr2O3 films is a parallel circuit RpCp. As the concentration of Cu increases, Resistance RP regresses while capacitance Cp increases.

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13

Shao, Xuecheng, Xin Qu, Siyu Liu, et al. "Structure evolution of chromium-doped boron clusters: toward the formation of endohedral boron cages." RSC Advances 9, no. 5 (2019): 2870–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra09143a.

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14

Feigl, L., E. Pippel, L. Pintilie, M. Alexe, and D. Hesse. "Chromium doping of epitaxial PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 thin films." Journal of Applied Physics 105, no. 12 (2009): 126103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3141733.

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15

Rasheed, H. S., K. M. Qader, K. N. Hussein, et al. "NO2 gas sensing of chromium doped nanostructured copper sulfide films prepared by spray pyrolysis method." Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 19, no. 2 (2024): 805–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2024.192.805.

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Undoped and Chromium (Cr) doped (2, 4%) copper sulfide (Cu2S) nanostructured thin films were created by spray pyrolysis. The films were polycrystalline and combined cubic and monoclinic structures, according to the results of the XRD investigation. Surface roughness values for the doped and undoped thin films are 8.71, 7.79, and 3.24 nm, respectively. SEM images display Cu2S nanostructures with fine crystallites and traces of nanorod. Chromium doping increases particle size and induces nanorod growth, enhancing surface porosity. The optical examination shows that Cr-doped Cu2S thin films exhibit effective absorption (> 104 orders) in the visible range. From the change in absorption coefficient, it can be observed that there is a valley around 2.6 eV. By doping Cr (up to 2%) in Cu2S films, it is possible to control the band gap between 2.62 eV and 2.73 eV. The refractive index of undoped Cu2S films decreases with increasing Cr-doping concentration. Gas sensing of Chromium-doped and undoped Cu2S nanostructures involves dynamic resistance change at 100°C. Undoped Cu2S displays low resistance, exhibiting p-type semiconductor behavior. Notably, 4% Cr-doped Cu2S shows high resistance, and the introduction of NO2 decreases resistance. Decreased sensitivity with rising Cr doping in Cu2S: 2% Cr and Cu2S: 4% Cr. Responsiveness declined across different NO2 concentrations (200 ppm, 300 ppm, and 400 ppm).

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16

Wang, Dongmei, Xiaowei Zhang, Xinyu Wang, et al. "Investigation of the Structural and Luminescent Properties and the Chromium Ion Valence of Li2CaGeO4 Crystals Doped with Cr4+ Ions." Crystals 10, no. 11 (2020): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10111019.

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Herein, we report on the growth of Cr4+–Li2CaGeO4 crystals by the flux growth method from the flux of LiCl, as well as on the effect of doping Li2CaGeO4 with Cr4+ ions on the NIR region spectral properties and crystal structure. The results quantified the occupancy of Cr4+ in Ge4+ sites. The emission spectrum presented broad bands in the NIR region, i.e., 1000–1500 nm excited by 980 nm, with maximum peaks at 1200 nm at room temperature caused by the transition of 3T2→3A2 in Cr4+ ions. The lifetime decreased with the Cr4+ ion doping concentration, specifically from 14.038 to 12.224 ms. The chemical composition and the valence state of chromium in Li2CaGeO4 were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which showed that the chromium in Li2CaGeO4 was tetravalent and no trivalent chromium was found. Therefore, the Cr4+–Li2CaGeO4 crystal has a great potential and future in optical applications.

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17

Black, Ashley P., Hannah E. Johnston, Judith Oró-Solé, et al. "Nitride tuning of lanthanide chromites." Chemical Communications 52, no. 23 (2016): 4317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc00744a.

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LnCrO3−xNx compounds with Ln = La, Pr and Nd represent one of the few examples of chromium oxynitrides and the first chromium oxynitride perovskites. Hole-doping of LnCrO3 through O2−/N3− anion substitution suppresses the antiferromagnetic transition far less drastically than cation substitutions.

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Huang, Ce, Yibo Jin, Weiyi Wang, Lei Tang, Chaoyu Song, and Faxian Xiu. "Manganese and chromium doping in atomically thin MoS2." Journal of Semiconductors 38, no. 3 (2017): 033004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/38/3/033004.

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19

Murashkina, A. A., and A. N. Demina. "Doping of calcium titanate with chromium and indium." Inorganic Materials 41, no. 4 (2005): 402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10789-005-0143-8.

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20

Kar, S., R. Bhatt, K. S. Bartwal, and V. K. Wadhawan. "Optimisation of chromium doping in LiNbO3 single crystals." Crystal Research and Technology 39, no. 3 (2004): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.200310175.

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21

Udovsky, A., V. Grafutin, V. Kolotushkin, et al. "Changes of electron density and defects distribution in binary and ternary iron alloys studied by positron annihilation." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 53, no. 3 (2017): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb160507040g.

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Properties of binary and ternary iron based alloys doped by different additions were investigated. It was shown for binary alloys containing chromium, molybdenum and tungsten were that results of doping by 0.8% molybdenum and tungsten are similar to those for the sample doped by 9%chromium. Ternary alloys containing chromium and less amounts of molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium were investigated as well. Two types of defects were observed: divacancies and cluster-like defects. It was shown that the electron density in ternary alloys is similar to that in binary alloys containing 0.8% molybdenum.

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22

Głuchowski, Paweł, Ruslan Nikonkov, Daniela Kujawa, et al. "Controlling the Magnetic Properties of La0.9A0.1Mn0.9Cr0.1O3 (A: Li, K, Na) Powders and Ceramics by Alkali Ions Doping." Magnetochemistry 9, no. 6 (2023): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry9060140.

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Nanocrystalline La0.9A0.1Mn0.9Cr0.1O3 (A: Li, K, Na) powders have been synthesized by combustion method. The powders were used to prepare ceramics by high-pressure low-temperature sintering technique. For all samples the structure, elemental composition and morphology were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Magnetic properties were studied using magnetometry methods and the valency changes of the cations after alkali ions doping were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The influence of the sintering pressure on the structural and magnetic properties of the manganites doped with different alkali ions and chromium was also investigated. Magnetization properties were studied as a function of sintering pressure and type of the dopant. Chemical doping with alkali ions as well as external pressure significantly changed the magnetic properties of the compounds. It was found that the magnetic properties of the manganites could be predictably modified through the use of a suitable dopant element.

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23

LIU, YANGHAO, YOULONG XU, and XIAOFEI SUN. "IMPROVING THE BATTERY PERFORMANCE OF LiVPO4F BY CHROMIUM DOPING." Functional Materials Letters 06, no. 06 (2013): 1350053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604713500537.

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Polyanion LiVPO 4 F has been recently recognized as a promising high energy cathode material for next generation rechargeable lithium batteries. With the aim of performance advancement in this paper, 3 at.% chromium are used to dope LiVPO 4 F during carbothermal reduction synthesis. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction pattern indicates that most of the chromium favors occupying the lithium site. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrum on selected area of the particle further demonstrates successful Cr doping into LiVPO 4 F . Both the rate capability and cycling performance of LiVPO 4 F are found noticeably improved possibly due to the stabilized crystalline structure and increased electric conductivity by Cr doping. The specific discharge capacities at C/24, C/5, 1 C and 8 C rates are 144.3, 135.1, 108.5 and 89.6 mA h g-1, respectively. Moreover, it delivers a capacity of 128.7 mA h g-1 at C/2 with the retention of 88.2% after 100 cycles.

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24

Hasan, Ansam H. "Study the structural and optical properties of titanium oxide thin film, doped with chromium prepared in Sol-Gel method." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 16, no. 39 (2019): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v16i39.104.

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This paper presents the effect of Cr doping on the optical and structural properties of TiO2 films synthesized by sol-gel and deposited by the dip- coating technique. The characteristics of pure and Cr-doped TiO2 were studied by absorption and X-ray diffraction measurement. The spectrum of UV absorption of TiO2 chromium concentrations indicates a red shift; therefore, the energy gap decreases with increased doping. The minimum value of energy gap (2.5 eV) is found at concentration of 4 %. XRD measurements show that the anatase phase is shown for all thin films. Surface morphology measurement by atomic force microscope (AFM) showed that the roughness of thin films decrease with doping and has a minimum value with 4 wt % doping ratio.

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Orizu, G. E., P. E. Ugwuoke, P. U. Asogwa, and S. U. Offiah. "A review on the inference of doping TiO₂ with metals/non-metals to improve its photocatalytic activities." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1178, no. 1 (2023): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1178/1/012008.

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Abstract The band-gap energy of TiO2 nanoparticles has been modified using different methods. The study reviewed the effects of doping and co-doing TiO2 nanotubes with different metals and nonmetals to modify its band gap and improves the photocatalytic activity of the nanoparticles. From our findings reviewing different articles, co-doing TiO2 using dissimilar metal ions like Cerium (Ce) together with nitrogen (N) ions or chromium (Cr) and iron (Fe) ions will decrease particle size, broaden the area of the surface, and as well modifies the particle’s band-gap for visible light to energize an electron causing its movement from the valance band to the conduction band. The studies also revealed that co-doping TiO2 with chromium and iron metal ion demonstrated twice the photocatalytic activity for photodecomposition of gaseous-isopropyl alcohol when compared with single (Cr/Fe) doped TiO2 nanoparticles when exposed to visible light. The reviewed work estimated the optimal amount of Ce for Ce/N co-doped TiO2 at 0.05 grams. Different works of literature reviewed show that doping TiO2 with different transition metals reduces the band-gap for easy absorption of visible light and improvement in the photocatalytic activities of the nanoparticles.

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Singh, Narsingh Bahadur, Ching-Hua Su, Fow-Sen Choa, et al. "Effect of Doping on the Electrical Characteristics of ZnSe." Crystals 10, no. 7 (2020): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10070551.

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The effect of sulfur, iron, and chromium doping on the electrical characteristics of ZnSe single crystals was studied. The crystals, grown by the physical vapor transport method (PVT) at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, were characterized by measuring electrical resistivity, capacitance, and dielectric constant using LCR meter. The morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy to determine the crystallinity and micro defects. The measured resistivity and dielectric constant showed tunability as the function of frequency in the range of 100 Hz to 100,000 Hz, indicating the suitability of doped material for tuning devices. Besides, for the range from 50 mV to 1000mV, there was no difference in values for the studied frequency range, indicating no degradation or breakdown in the material. All doped ZnSe crystals with sulfur, iron, and chromium showed a similar trend as the function of frequency. Cr-ZnSe showed very high resistivity and lower dielectric constant compared to S-ZnSe and Fe-ZnSe crystals.

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Rodin, S. A., V. B. Ikonnikov, D. V. Savin, and E. M. Gavrishchuk. "Recrystallization behavior of zinc selenide during chromium diffusion doping." Inorganic Materials 53, no. 11 (2017): 1115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020168517110097.

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Kaur, Palvinder, S. K. Pandey, Sanjeev Kumar, et al. "Tuning ferromagnetism in zinc oxide nanoparticles by chromium doping." Applied Nanoscience 5, no. 8 (2015): 975–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13204-014-0394-2.

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Ould-Chikh, Samy, Olivier Proux, Pavel Afanasiev, et al. "Photocatalysis with Chromium-Doped TiO2: Bulk and Surface Doping." ChemSusChem 7, no. 5 (2014): 1361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201300922.

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30

Buyanovskii, I. A., M. M. Khrushchov, V. D. Samusenko, M. V. Atamanov, and Yu I. Shcherbakov. "Effect of diamond-like carbon coatings alloying with chromium and molybdenum on the lubricating properties of oils during friction in pair with steel." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2059, no. 1 (2021): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2059/1/012004.

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Abstract The results have been presented of an experimental study of the tribological behavior of diamond-like carbon coatings (DLC) doped with chromium and molybdenum obtained by reactive magnetron sputtering. The effect of alloying with these metals on the tribological characteristics of boundary lubrication of a DLC coating/steel contact has been studied for the case of three model lubricants (inactive, surfactant, and chemically active). It has been shown that doping with chromium and molybdenum improves both the tribological characteristics of coatings under dry friction and the lubricating properties of the model oils, while alloying with molybdenum provides lower coefficients of friction and less wear at dry and boundary friction than alloying with chromium.

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Jamal, Mohammad Shah, Khan Sobayel, Halina Misran, et al. "Effect of Selective Lateral Chromium Doping by RF Magnetron Sputtering on the Structural, and Opto-Electrical Properties of Nickel Oxide." Applied Sciences 11, no. 23 (2021): 11546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112311546.

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In this study, chromium (Cr)-doped nickel oxide (NiO) thin films were deposited by employing selective lateral doping of Cr in NiO by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering at different doping times ranging from 0 s (undoped) to 80 s. The structural, optical, and electrical properties of the resulting Cr-doped NiO thin films were investigated. Structural investigation from XRD patterns indicated that the grown Cr-doped NiO layer crystallized in a cubic phase. Broadening of the diffraction peak with increasing doping time from 0 s to 80 s led to a reduction in the crystallite size that varied from 23.52 nm to 14.65 nm. Compared with the undoped NiO, the diffraction peak along the (200) plane shifted from left to right as a function of doping time. This result indicated that Cr+3 could easily enter the NiO lattice. Results from the Hall-effect study disclosed that electrical properties of Cr-doped NiO was highly dependent on doping time. The conductivity of NiO was increased with doping time, and the highest conductivity (8.73 × 10−2 Scm−1) was achieved at a doping time of 80 s. Finally, optical investigations revealed that as doping time increased, the optical bandgap of Cr-doped NiO films dropped from 3.43 eV to 3.28 eV. The highest Urbach energy at higher doping time indicated that crystallinity became poorer, and the degree of defects increased with increasing doping time.

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Spivakov, Aleksandr A., Li-Huai Huang, Ying-Zhen Chen, and Chun-Rong Lin. "Facile Synthesis of Chromium-Doped Fe1.1Mn1.9O4 Nanoparticles and the Effect of Cr Content on Their Magnetic and Structural Properties." Nanomaterials 13, no. 15 (2023): 2203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13152203.

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In the present study, Fe1.1(CrxMn1-x)1.9O4 nanoparticles (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) were successfully synthesized by a combustion method, and the influence of Cr substitution on the structural and magnetic properties of the obtained nanoparticles was studied by various methods. The structural analysis revealed that the sample with x = 0 has a tetragonal structure, while all Cr-doped samples crystallize into a cubic structure. Additionally, the results of TEM show that doping with chromium leads to an increase in particle size. The magnetic hysteresis loops demonstrate the behavior typical for soft magnetic materials with low coercivity and remanence magnetization. The magnetic measurements revealed that the saturation magnetization of the obtained nanoparticles demonstrates a decreasing trend with increasing Cr content. The influence of chromium doping on the observation change in saturation magnetization is discussed. Based on the results of temperature-dependent magnetization measurements, it was found that the temperature of a magnetic transition in synthesized nanoparticles depends on Cr content.

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Drissi El Bouzaidi, M., and R. Ahl Laamara. "Exploring the half-metallic behavior and spintronic potential of Cr-doped CaTe." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia 39, no. 2 (2024): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i2.12.

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The pursuit of miniaturized, high-performance electronic devices has intensified research into novel materials with extraordinary properties. While semiconductors lead the way in optoelectronics and energy harvesting, the burgeoning field of spintronics utilizing electron charge and spin promises revolutionary advances in information processing and storage. A critical component of spintronics is identifying materials with half-metallic behavior, characterized by complete spin polarization at the Fermi level. This study explores chromium (Cr)-doped CaTe as a candidate for half-metallic behavior. Using advanced computational techniques, we investigate the impact of Cr doping on the electronic and magnetic properties of CaTe. Our findings reveal that Cr-doped CaTe exhibits significant crystal field splitting and exchange splitting energies, leading to robust magnetic properties and half-metallic behavior across varying doping concentrations. Notably, the Curie temperature of Cr-doped CaTe exceeds room temperature starting from a 14% Cr concentration, highlighting its practical viability for spintronic applications. The results underscore the potential of Cr-doped CaTe for integration into spintronic devices, offering insights into the electronic structure and magnetic interactions essential for developing next-generation spintronic technologies. KEY WORDS: Half-metallic behavior, Spintronics, Chromium doping, Curie temperature, Magnetic properties, CaTe (Calcium telluride). Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(2), 341-350. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i2.12

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Priscilla, S. Janet, V. Andria Judi, R. Daniel, and K. Sivaji. "Effects of Chromium Doping on the Electrical Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles." Emerging Science Journal 4, no. 2 (2020): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2020-01212.

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Nanostructured ZnO has gained a considerable amount of attention due to its unique physical and chemical properties and due to its remarkable performance in the fields of optics, photonics and electronics. The scope of this work is to study the Structural, Optical and Electronic properties of Pure Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and Chromium doped Zinc Oxide nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were synthesized by low-temperature precipitation method at various concentrations in the range (Zn1-xCrxO; (x = 0, 0.1& 0.3)). The precursors used were analytical grade Zinc Nitrate Hexahydrate and Chromium Nitrate Nona hydrate. The synthesized nanoparticles were annealed at 400°C. The Structural property of the synthesized nanoparticles was analysed by XRD (X-Ray diffraction) and was confirmed to exhibit a crystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure with an average crystallite size of 55nm. The functional groups were analysed using FTIR (Fourier Transformed Infra-red spectroscopy). The Morphology was analysed by FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope) and a change in morphology from spherical to spindle like structure was observed. The Optical properties were analysed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, the absorption spectrum for electromagnetic spectrum was observed and the changes in the optical band gap of ZnO nanoparticles with Chromium dopant addition were calculated to be in the range of 3.6 eV. The Electrical property of the synthesised nanoparticles was analysed using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and the conductivity was calculated to be in the range of 1.1e-07S/m.

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Písařík, Petr, Miroslav Jelínek, Jan Remsa, and Zdeněk Tolde. "MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Cr-DLC LAYERS PREPARED BY HYBRID LASER TECHNOLOGY." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 8 (June 30, 2017): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2017.8.0020.

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Diamond like carbon (DLC) layers have excellent biological properties for use in medicine for coating implants, but poor adhesion to biomedical alloys. The adhesion can be improved by doping the DLC layer by chromium, as described in this article. Chromium doped diamond like carbon layers (Cr‑DLC) were deposited by hybrid deposition system using KrF excimer laser and magnetron sputtering. Carbon and chromium contents were determined by wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Mechanical properties were studied by nanoindentation. Hardness and reduced Young's modulus reached 31.2 GPa and 271.5 GPa, respectively. Films adhesion was determined by scratch test and reached 19 N for titanium substrates. Good adhesion to biomedical alloys and high DLC hardness will help to progress in the field of implantology.

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Pyrzynska, Krystyna. "Nanomaterials for Removal and Speciation of Chromium." Materials 18, no. 7 (2025): 1485. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18071485.

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The removal of chromium compounds, particularly its more toxic Cr(VI) form, from industrial wastewater is important as it causes serious environmental and health issues. Adsorption processes have attracted continuous interest for solving these problems due to the diverse range of various adsorbents. Nanomaterials are increasingly employed as novel sorbents as they have a large specific surface area and high chemical stability. Functionalization of their surface by covalent or noncovalent interactions with other components, grafting or doping with heteroatoms can enhance separation and removal efficiency. This paper aims to provide insights into the recent progress in the application of nanomaterials for chromium removal from aqueous solutions and speciation analysis of it.

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Boutaleb, M., M. Hsini, M. Zemouli, M. Berber, and A. Tadjer. "Study of the chromium doping effect in boron phosphide semiconductors." International Journal of Computational Materials Science and Engineering 10, no. 01 (2021): 2150006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2047684121500068.

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According to the firs-principles theory-based spin-density functional calculations within the framework of Wu–Cohen generalized gradient approximation (WC-GGA), we examine the structural and electronic properties of ternary alloys of zinc-blende boron phosphide doped with chromium. We compare the materials with aluminum phosphide that exhibits half-metallic properties at various concentrations. The curves of total and partial densities of states and the band structures show that [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]P are purely metallic and can be possible candidates for use in light emitting diodes (LEDs). These compounds are not polarized on spins; the main cause is the nature of chemical bond located between the boron cations and the phosphorus anion, whereas the ternary materials of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]P all have various uses in spintronic science according to many studies because of their half-metallicity behavior.

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WANG, Wei, Heng LIU, Yan WANG, Chao GAO, and Jun ZHANG. "Effects of chromium doping on performance of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode material." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 23, no. 7 (2013): 2066–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(13)62697-7.

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Cheng, Yudong, Junyou Yang, Qinghui Jiang, et al. "CuCrSe2 Ternary Chromium Chalcogenide: Facile Fabrication, Doping and Thermoelectric Properties." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 98, no. 12 (2015): 3975–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jace.13860.

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Ardakani, Hamed Ahmadi, Morteza Alizadeh, Rasool Amini, and Mohammad Reza Ghazanfari. "Dielectric properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 improved by chromium/lanthanum co-doping." Ceramics International 38, no. 5 (2012): 4217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.02.005.

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Chen, Chao, Junfa Wang, Yiyuan Ge, and Lili Ma. "Investigations on Microstructures and Properties of (Fe, Cr, W)7C3 Carbides by First Principles and Experiments." Coatings 12, no. 9 (2022): 1363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12091363.

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Tungsten doping is critical for the wear resistance and application of High-Chromium Cast Iron (HCCI). A series of investigations of (Fe, Cr, W)7C3 carbides were performed by first principles calculations and experimental analysis. The calculated results showed that with the increase in tungsten content in M7C3, the equilibrium cell volumes and the density gradually increased, and the formation energy of M7C3 carbides gradually decreased. The TEM results showed that the (Fe, Cr, W)7C3 carbides were (Fe3.27Cr2.99W0.74) C3 with a hexagonal structure after adding 2.13 wt % tungsten into laser cladding coatings of High-Chromium Cast Iron with a composition of Fe-26.8 wt % Cr-3.62 wt % C. These results from calculations and in situ nanoindentation show that tungsten doping could improve the ductility and indentation modulus of (Fe, Cr)7C3 carbides, and the composition of (Fe, Cr, W)7C3 was expected to be a high hardness and softness material. The wear test results showed that the wear resistance of tungsten-bearing HCCI was better than ordinary HCCI.

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Motevalizadeh, Leili, and Masoud Tahani. "A Phenomenological Study of Chromium Impurity Effects on Lattice Microstrains of SnO2 Nanoparticles Prepared Using Sol–Gel Technique." Crystals 13, no. 6 (2023): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13060919.

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In this study, the effect of chromium impurities on the crystal structure and lattice microstrains of tin oxide nanoparticles was investigated. Pure SnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized and subjected to calcination at different temperatures. Additionally, various concentrations (5%, 8%, 10% and 15%) of Cr-doped SnO2 nanoparticles were prepared using the sol–gel technique and subsequently calcined at 550 °C. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were utilized to examine the structure and morphology of the doped nanoparticles. The XRD patterns of tin oxide nanoparticles with different percentages of chromium impurities showed a tetragonal structure without any additional phase. The TEM images of pure SnO2 nanoparticles showed a uniform distribution of size and shape, with relatively smaller sizes compared to Cr-doped nanoparticles. To investigate the peak broadening of Cr-doped SnO2 nanoparticles, the Halder–Wagner method and Williamson–Hall models were employed to examine the effects of crystallite sizes and lattice strain. The results showed that increasing the impurity has a dual effect on nanoparticle sizes. Increasing the chromium impurity up to 8% led to an increase in compressive stress caused by the substitution of Sn ions with Cr ions on the crystal structure of rutile, resulting in an increase in the magnitude of lattice strain. However, when the chromium impurity was increased up to 15%, interstitial doping was preferred over substitutional doping. The compressive stress was subsequently converted to tensile stress, requiring the system to spend some of its energy to overcome the compressive stress, with the remaining energy reflected in the form of tensile stress. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were obtained for all of the samples, confirming the XRD analyses.

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Nayaka, Ravikumara, Shrikant Biradar, Ashok Dinkar, Basavaraj Gurav, and G. B. Devidas. "Investigation of Physical, Structural and Optical Properties of Borate Glasses with Chromium Doping for Optical Device Applications." Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 18, no. 2 (2025): 136–46. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v18i2.3702.

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Objectives: The glass system with the composition (60-x)B2O3-1V2O5-19K2O-10CaO-10BaO-xCr2O3 (where x = 0 to 1.0 mol %) was synthesized to explore physical, structural and optical characteristics of Cr-doped glasses. Methods: The glasses were fabricated using a conventional melt-quenching procedure at 1100ºC. The non-crystalline structure of the developed glasses was verified using X-ray diffraction analysis. The density of the glasses was determined using the Archimedes principle, and based on the density, other physical parameters were computed. The structural characteristics were examined using FTIR spectroscopy, while the optical properties were analyzed via UV-Visible spectroscopy. Additionally, photoluminescence spectra were investigated. Findings: XRD analysis verified the non-amorphous nature of the synthesized glasses. A rise in density from 2.532 to 5.705 g/cm3 and a reduction in molar volume from 32.613 to 30.747 cm3/mol of the glass samples were noted with increasing Cr2O3 content. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of different structural groups such as BO3, BO4, Cr3+, etc., and changes within the glass matrix. Optical absorption spectra show two absorption bands at 371 nm and 615 nm are attributed to 4A2g → 4T1g (F) and 4A2g → 4T2g electronic transitions. The optical band gap energy decreases from 3.556 to 2.998 eV showing structural changes and the formation of non-bridging oxygens and an increase in electron confinement. Additional optical parameters, including the refractive index, molar refraction, and metallization ratio, were assessed. Photoluminescence intensity increases as the content of the dopant increases in the glasses. Novelty: This study incorporated a combination of alkali elements and transition metal oxides in its formulation, which enhanced the structural and optical characteristics. The resulting optical data indicate that the synthesized glasses are well-suited for a range of optoelectronic device applications. Keywords: Borate glasses, Chromium oxide, FTIR, Optical properties, Photoluminescence

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Inkrataite, Greta, Gerardas Laurinavicius, David Enseling, Aleksej Zarkov, Thomas Jüstel, and Ramunas Skaudzius. "Characterization of GAGG Doped with Extremely Low Levels of Chromium and Exhibiting Exceptional Intensity of Emission in NIR Region." Crystals 11, no. 6 (2021): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060673.

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Cerium and chromium co-doped gadolinium aluminum gallium garnets were prepared using sol-gel technique. These compounds potentially can be applied for NIR-LED construction, horticulture and theranostics. Additionally, magnesium and calcium ions were also incorporated into the structure. X-ray diffraction data analysis confirmed the all-cubic symmetry with an Ia-3d space group, which is appropriate for garnet-type materials. From the characterization of the luminescence properties, it was confirmed that both chromium and cerium emissions could be incorporated. Cerium luminescence was detected under 450 nm excitation, while for chromium emission, 270 nm excitation was used. The emission of chromium ions was exceptionally intense, although it was determined that these compounds are doped only by parts per million of Cr3+ ions. Typically, the emission maxima of chromium ions are located around 650–750 nm in garnet systems. However, in this case, the emission maximum for chromium is measured to be around 790 nm, caused by re-absorption of Cr3+ ions. The main observation of this study is that the switchable emission wavelength in a compound of single phase was obtained, despite the fact that doping with Cr ions was performed in ppm level, causing an intense emission in NIR region.

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FISHMAN, R. S., and S. H. LIU. "IMPURITY EFFECTS ON THE MAGNETIC ORDERING IN CHROMIUM." International Journal of Modern Physics B 07, no. 01n03 (1993): 620–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797929300130x.

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It is well-known that impurities profoundly alter the magnetic properties of chromium. While vanadium impurities suppress the Néel temperature TN, manganese impurities enhance TN substantially. As evidenced by neutron scattering experiments, doping with as little as 0.2% vanadium changes the transition from weakly first order to second order. Young and Sokoloff explained that the first-order transition in pure chromium is caused by a charge-density wave which is the second harmonic of the spin-density wave. By examining the subtle balance between the spin-density and charge-density wave terms in the mean-field free energy, we find that the first-order transition is destroyed when the vanadium concentration exceeds about 0.15%, in agreement with experiments.

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MODI, ANCHIT, RAJESH THAKUR, RASNA THAKUR, N. K. GAUR, N. KAURAV, and G. S. OKRAM. "STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF CHROMIUM DOPED GADOLINIUM MANGANITES." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 22 (January 2013): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194513010593.

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The Systematic investigation of structural behaviour of GdMn1-xCrxO3 (x=0, 0.1, 0.2) has been undertaken which are synthesized by conventional solid state reaction method. All the XRD reflection lines were successfully indexed according to orthorhombic perovskite structure with space group: pbnm (62). Upon chromium (Cr) doping on the Mn site the unit cell volume has reduced due to slight difference between the ionic radii of Cr 3+ and Mn 3+ compare with Pure GdMnO 3. The relation between lattice parameter infer that all the samples have O´ type orthorhombic structure which is highly distorted perovskite structure but increasing the Cr concentration the orthorhombic distortion decrease that deduce the non John Teller nature of these samples.

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Bet, S., N. R. Quick, and Aravinda Kar. "Laser Doping of Chromium and Selenium in p-Type 4H-SiC." Materials Science Forum 600-603 (September 2008): 627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.600-603.627.

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Chromium (Cr) and selenium (Se) are laser doped in silicon carbide (4H-SiC p-type aluminium) to fabricate an embedded light emitting device and to tune the light emission. A near infrared Nd:YAG (1064 nm wavelength) laser source and an organometallic Cr compound (bis (ethyl benzene)-chromium) and organometallic Se compound (dimethyl selenide) were used to laser dope SiC. A p-n junction device structure was created using these dopants. The dopant profiles have been characterized using secondary ion mass spectrometry. Electrical properties were measured using Hall effect measurement. Enhanced diffusivity and solubility with complete activation of dopants was observed for laser doped Cr and Se. Cr and Se are unconventional dopants, which serve as a double donor and a double acceptor respectively, while aluminium (Al) behaves as single acceptor and nitrogen (N) as a single donor in SiC. The defect levels (donor and acceptor) created within the forbidden band gap of SiC due to Se, Cr and Al onsets the donor acceptor pair (DAP) recombination mechanism for luminescence observed in SiC. Electroluminescence studies showed an orange (677 nm) corresponding to Cr-Al and, red (698 nm) and white (380-900 nm) for Se-Al and pure white for Cr-Se-Al. The Cr-Se-Al white light exhibited a correlated color temperature of 4935 K, which compares well to average daylight (5500 K).

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Lazuarfy, Dhias Pratama, Fadjar Fathurahman, Ganes Shukri, Qory Cipta Scientika, A. Hafizh Rifa’i, and Afthon Ilman Huda Isyfi. "Prediction of Intercalation Voltage Variation in Ti-and Cr-doped Na_xV_1.5M_0.5(PO₄)₃ (M=Ti, Cr) as Sodium-Ion Battery Cathode." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2980, no. 1 (2025): 012022. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2980/1/012022.

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Abstract By means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, we investigate the effect of Titanium and Chromium doping on the Na intercalation voltage (Vint) profile in NaxV1.5M0.5(PO4)3 (with M=Ti, Cr and X = 4.0, 3.0, 2.0 and 1.0) for Sodium ion battery cathode. Our findings reveal that both Ti and Cr dopants significantly influence the intercalation voltage profile of the vanadium phosphate-based (NVP-based) cathode material. We find that both Cr and Ti doping increase the overall intercalation voltage range (ΔV) of the doped NVP as compared to the undoped NVP. The largest ΔV is shown by the Cr-doped NVP (∼1.25 V), followed by the Ti-doped NVP (∼1.15 V) and lastly the undoped (pristine) NVP (∼1.00 V). We also find that Cr dopant affect the two end values of Vint differently: it decreases (increases) the Vint at the XNa = 4.0 (XNa = 1.0) as compared to the undoped NVP. On the other hand, the Vint of Ti-doped NVP undergoes simultaneous decrease at the two ends of the Vint values (as compared to the undoped NVP). Our findings reveal that incorporating transition metal dopant into the NVP-based cathode is a promising alternative to further boost the working voltage of the NVP cathode.

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Zhou, Yongjun, Zhe Lü, Rongyu Zhang, Shifeng Xu, Dan Xu, and Bo Wei. "Mechanism of chromium poisoning on La0.5Sr0.5Co0.25Fe0.75O3 cathode and enhancing chromium tolerance using a novel anion doping strategy." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 85 (October 2024): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.08.306.

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Okuno, Kazuya, Hideki Kato, Junie Jhon M. Vequizo, et al. "Expansion of the photoresponse window of a BiVO4 photocatalyst by doping with chromium(vi)." RSC Advances 8, no. 67 (2018): 38140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra07830k.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Chromium doping'

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