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Journal articles on the topic 'Chromolaena odorata'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Cahyo, Ali Sandi Dwi, Sri Oktavia, and Ifora Ifora. "Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Potential of Chromolaena odorata: A Review." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine 6, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2021.v06i09.002.

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Inflammatory diseases have affected a large proportion of the population worldwide, and inflammation is a major risk factor for several dangerous disease pathologies. The increasing incidence and impact of inflammatory diseases have prompted research into pharmacological strategies to deal with them. Chromolaena odorata is traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antioxidant, analgesic, and as a wound-healing agent. Therefore, this review aimed to obtain a comprehensive review of the anti-inflammatory activity of Chromolaena odorata. This review provides evidence in the literature for the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Chromolaena odorata, from 2010 to 2021. Three bibliographic databases were used as primary sources of information (PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar). The keywords in this research were "Anti-inflammatory", "Analgesic" and "Chromolaena odorata". A total of 7 studies were included in this review according to the required criteria, 3 of which were in vitro studies and 4 in vivo studies.Pharmacological studies reported that Chromolaena odorata was proven to have anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting NO, NF-κβ, p38 MAPK, IL-1β, TNF-α, suppressed leukocyte cell migration, reduced of edema and Chromolaena odorata also was shown analgesic activity through significantly reduced stomach writhing and reduction pain sensation in rats. This review explains the potential importance of Chromolaena odorata as a natural anti-inflammatory and analgesic.
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2

Emani, Lakshmareddy, Suryachandrarao Ravada, Bharani Meka, Machiraju Garaga, and Trimurtulu Golakoti. "A New Flavanone from the Leaves of Chromolaena odorata." Natural Product Communications 10, no. 9 (September 2015): 1934578X1501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000918.

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Chromolaena odorata (Syn: Eupatorium odoratum) is a perennial plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. Extracts of C. odorata have shown strong anti-oxidant and moderate anti-adipogenenesis activities. Detailed phytochemical investigation of C. odorata led to the isolation of 21 secondary metabolites, which include a new flavanone (3), and a chalcone, 3,2′-dihydroxy-4,4′,5′,6′-tetramethoxychalcone (2), reported for the first time from a natural source, besides three known compounds 1, 4 and 5, all of which are reported for the first time from C. odorata. Some of these compounds exhibited potent anti-oxidant and anti-adipogenesis activities and these may be partly responsible for the activity of the extract.
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3

Fadia, Fadia, Nurlailah Nurlailah, Tini Elyn Helmiah, and Leka Lutpiatina. "EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KIRINYUH (CHROMOLAENA ODORATA L) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI SALMONELLA TYPHI DAN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS." Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia 2, no. 3 (September 17, 2020): 158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33759/jrki.v2i3.104.

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Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus are pathogenic bacteria that cause infectious diseases. Treatment of these diseases can be done by giving antibacterial drugs. One of the plants that can be used as an antibacterial drug is the leaves of Chromolaena odorata L. due to the presence of chemical compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins that have the potential as antibacterial. This study aims to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) ethanol extract of Chromolaena odorata L. leaves on the growth of Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. This research is the initial stage of the development of herbal medicines to treat Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus infections. The study consisted of 5 treatments, namely concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% ethanol extract of Chromolaena odorata L. leaves with five repetitions. The antibacterial activity test was carried out by MIC and MBC methods. The research material uses leaves from Chromolaena odorata L. in the Sungai Besar area, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The results showed that the average MIC yield of ethanol extract of Chromolaena odorata L. leaves against Salmonella typhi: 20% and Staphylococcus aureus: 20%. While the average yield of MBC values ​​against Salmonella typhi: 40% and Staphylococcus aureus: 40%. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Chromolaena odorata L. leaves has an inhibitory effect on the growth of Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. Chromolaena odorata L. leaves has potential as herbal medicine against bacterial infections but requires further research to determine its effect in vivo.
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4

Abdullahi, A. A., B. A. Aremu, S. A. Atunwa, S. O. Usman, F. A. U. Attah, B. A. Lawal, and N. S. Njinga. "Pharmacognostic and Anti-diabetic Studies of Chromolaena odorata Linn. (Asteraceae) Powdered Leaves in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats." Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 16, no. 2 (July 13, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpr.v16i2.1s.

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Background: ChromolaenaodorataLinn. (Asteraceae)is being used traditionally for its many medicinal properties including lowering of blood glucose level. However, few and inconsistent information about its antidiabetic potential is available.Objective: to standardize; determine physicochemical and elemental parameters; and evaluate anti-diabetic potential of Chromolaena odorata Linn. (Asteraceae) powdered leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.Materials and Methods: Physicochemical screening of fresh and powdered leaves of C. odorata leaves were respectively determined using a light microscope connected to a standard camera. Elemental analysis was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) GBC Avanta Model. Thirty-three Wistar rats of either sex weighing 150 – 200 g were used in the procedures. Acute toxicity assessment (LD50) was carried out using the guideline of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Chromolaena odorata powdered leaves were evaluated using alloxan-induced model.Results: Physicochemical screening of the fresh and powdered leaves confirmed the pharmacognostic parameters of Chromolaena odorata. The moisture content was 6.0 ± 0.07 %, the alcohol soluble extractive was 30 ± 0.05 %. while the water-soluble extractive was 40 ± 0.05%. The elemental analysis of the powdered leaves of C. odorata showed that the leaves contains 29.00mg/L of K, 13.500mg/L of Na, 0.15mg/L of Mn, 4.78mg/L of Mg and 0.30mg/L of Ca. Chromolaena odorata showed no toxicity when it was orally administered to rats (LD50 ≥ 2000 mg/kg). The powdered leaves of Chromolaena odorata at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg showed dose and time-dependent anti-diabetic activities.Conclusion: The powdered leaves of Chromolaena odorata is non-toxic and preliminary data showed its anti-diabetic potential possibly due to the presence of some phytochemicals and mineral elements identified
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5

Mulik, Marthen L., I. Gusti Jelantik, Yelly M. Mulik, Dahlanuddin Dahlanuddin, I. G. Oka Wirawan, and Bambang Permana. "PEMANFAATAN SEMAK BUNGA PUTIH (Chromolaena odorata) SEBAGAI PAKAN LOKAL SUMBER PROTEIN UNTUK TERNAK SAPI: KONSUMSI, DAYA CERNA DAN FERMENTASI RUMEN." Pastura 5, no. 1 (August 1, 2015): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/pastura.2015.v05.i01.p04.

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Chromolaena odorata (CO) contains high protein (21-36%) and has the potency to be utilized as a cheap protein source for livestock due to its abundants availability. However, it also contain secondary metabolic compounds that could has a negative effects on livestock, hence it requires treatments to eliminate the antinutrient compounds. One of the methods is pelleting. This experiment aimed at assessing the efficacy of chromolaena level in pelleted ration for fattened cattle. Four bali young male aged ± 2 years old were allotted into four dietary treatments in a latin square experimental design. The treatments were pellet contains CO at a level of 10% (COP10) or 20% (COP20), or 30% (COP30) or 40% (COP40). The pellet was offered at 2% live weight (LW), and kume grass hay was provided ad libitum as basal diet. The pellet was iso energy (11.5 MJ ME/kg DM) and nitrogenous (20% CP). Parameters measured were dietary intake and digestibility, rumen fermentation, and rumen microbial protein production. The results showed that increasing level of chromolaena to 40% in the pellet significantly surpressed most of the measured parameters. Dry matter intake declined from 2.5% LW in treatment COP10 to 2.19% LW in COP40. Similarly, crude protein intake reduced from 749 g/d (COP10) to 661 g/d (COP40). Unaffected parameters were digestibility, rumen ammonia concentration (116-125 mg/dL),total VFA, and efficiency of rumen microbial protein synthesis (60,4-73,4 g/kg BOT). It is concluded that chromolaena can be utilized as protein source for ruminants, yet it tends to depress intake at high level of inclusion (40%). On the other hand, dietary digestibility and rumen function were not effected by level of chromolaean, though efficiency of rumen microbial protein synthesis was lower than the recommended values in the exisiting feeding standards. Therefore, further research is warrant to devise appriate treatments to improve feeding value of chromolaena as cheap protein source for livestock.Key words: Chromolaeana odorata, protein, intake, rumen microbial protein, cattle
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6

Erfin, Erfin, Natsir Sandiah, and La Malesi. "IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI Azospirillum DAN Azotobacter PADA RHIZOSFER ASAL KOMBA-KOMBA (Chromolaena odorata)." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis 3, no. 2 (May 10, 2016): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33772/jitro.v3i2.1684.

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Tingginya kandungan N pada komba-komba (Chromolaena odorata) yang dapat tumbuh pada tanah yang miskin hara menguatkan dugaan adanya bakteri nonsimbiotik pemfiksasi N yang berasosiasi dengan akarnya. Tujuan dilaksanakan penelitian ini antara lain untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya bakteri Azospirillum dan Azotobecter pada rhizosfer asal komba-komba (Chromolaena odorata). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Departemen Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan IPA Institut Pertanian Bogor. Sampel tanah diambil dari rhizosfer tanaman komba-komba pada daerah yang berbeda di Kecamatan Kambu, Kota Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara, masing-masing 1 sampel. Isolat yang berasal pada rhizosfer asal komba-komba (Chromolaena odorata) dari kelurahan Mokoau dan Lalolara, bakteri Azospirillum memiliki bentuk koloni lengkung atau setengah spiral dan vibrinoid dan termasuk bakteri gram negatif, bakteri Azotobacter memiliki koloni bakteri berbentuk oval, batang pendek, batang dan terdapat kista serta termasuk bakteri gram negatif. Kata Kunci; Komba-Komba (Chromolaena odorata), Azospirillum, Azotobacter
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7

Oso, Babatunde, Nosarieme Abey, Oyedotun Oyeleke, and Boyede Olowookere. "Comparative Study of the in vitro Antioxidant Properties of Methanolic Extracts of Chromolaena odorata and Ageratum conyzoides used in Wound Healing." International Annals of Science 6, no. 1 (October 2, 2018): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ias.6.1.8-12.

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This study sought to evaluate the potential antioxidative potencies of Chromolaena odorata and Ageratum conyzoides, commonly used herbs in Nigeria for wound first aid and healing. The antioxidant potentials were evaluated by measuring their abilities to scavenge radicals, reduce oxidised iron and quench the formation of lipid peroxides. The findings showed that the extract of Ageratum conyzoides exhibited significantly higher (p<0.05) antioxidant potential than the extract of Chromolaena odorata. The study, therefore, suggests that Ageratum conyzoides has higher potential for therapeutic value than Chromolaena odorata in terms of antioxidant potential.
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8

Yulianti, Lina, Asep Supriadin, and Tina Dewi Rosahdi. "Efek Larvasida Hasil Fraksinasi Ekstrak N-Heksana Daun Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) Terhadap Larva Aedes aegypti." al-Kimiya 4, no. 1 (June 25, 2019): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/ak.v4i1.5082.

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Tumbuhan kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) telah dikenal masyarakat sebagai gulma yang digunakan untuk obat tradisional. Tumbuhan dari famili Asteraceae ini mengandung terpenoid dan steroid yang bersifat larvasida. Senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung dalam tumbuhan kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) diduga dapat memberikan efek larvasida terhadap Aedes aegypti, sehingga dilakukan ekstraksi dan fraksinasi terhadap daun kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) untuk pengujian larvasida. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah maserasi menggunakan n-heksana, ekstrak yang didapat difraksinasi menggunakan metode KVC, KKG, KLT dan hasil fraksinasi (B2-G3) diidentifikasi dengan FTIR. Pengujian larvasida terhadap Aedes aegypti dilakukan pada hasil ekstraksi (Crude) dan fraksi B2-G3 sebagai sampel uji. Data mortalitas Aedes aegypti dianalisis probit dengan SPSS 16,00 untuk menentukan nilai LC50 selama 72 jam. Sampel uji dikategorikan toksik jika menunjukkan nilai LC50< 1000 ppm. Hasil analisis probit menunjukkan nilai LC50 fraksi B2-G3 adalah 738,938 ppm yang menunjukkan fraksi tersebut berpotensi sebagai larvasida terhadap Aedes aegypti. Sedangkan nilai LC50 dari ekstrak n-heksana (Crude) adalah 16358,825 ppm yang menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak n-heksana dari daun kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) tidak berpotensi sebagai larvasida terhadap Aedes aegypti.
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9

Luu, Ngoc-Dung Huynh, Le Hang Dang, Hoang Minh Bui, Trang Thuy Thi Nguyen, Bich Tram Nguyen, Le Son Hoang, and Ngoc Quyen Tran. "Nanoencapsulation of Chromolaena odorata Extract Using Pluronic F127 as an Effectively Herbal Delivery System for Wound Healing." Journal of Nanomaterials 2021 (February 23, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6663986.

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Chromolaena odorata is a medicinal herb with prominent pharmacological properties. The therapeutic efficiency of Chromolaena odorata extracts and its ingredients have, however, been limited by various factors, including the lack of targeting capacity and poor bioavailability. To approach this drawback, ethyl acetate fraction extract of Chromolaena odorata- (EA.ChO-) encapsulated pluronic-based nanocarriers was disclosed herein. The most common pluronic triblock copolymer micelles (pluronic F127) was used for the nanosized formulation of Chromolaena odorata extract. The obtained results show that EA.ChO-encapsulated nanoparticles have a spherical morphology with a designed hydrodynamic size was about 183.7 nm and zeta potential -39.5 mV. The EA.ChO nanoparticles are stable in different aqueous solutions (water, PBS 2.8, and PBS 7.4). The lyophilized form of the EA.ChO nanoparticles exhibited excellent stability for long-term storage. Notably, the EA.ChO nanoparticles were 1.3-1.4 fold more effective in the growth of fibroblast than the free EA.ChO, verifying the potential of pluronic F127 nanoparticles to the increased function of EA.ChO in the proliferation of fibroblast cell. In addition, bleeding stopped within 55 ± 6 s which was 20 s faster than that of free EA.ChO and 38-44 s faster than that of negative control treatments. The EA.ChO nanoencapsulation processed a rapid blood clot formation compared to control, free EA.ChO, pluronic F127, and water, suggesting the excellent bioavailability of EA.ChO nanoencapsulation. The obtained results thus provided a promising prospect for raising the activity Chromolaena odorata extract in wound healing application.
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10

Yunus, Reni, Muhammad Hilam, and Satya Darmayani. "INHIBITION OF JUICE KOMBA-KOMBA (Chromolaenaodorata) LEAF AGAINST GROWTH OF BACTERIA Staphylococcus aureus." International Journal of Applied Biology 3, no. 1 (June 29, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ijab.v3i1.6062.

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Nowadays many plants can be used as traditional medicines to overcome various diseases including infections, because the use of traditional medicines is relatively safer compared to drugs derived from chemicals. One of the local plants in Southeast Sulawesi that has been empirically used as a medicine for wounds is a race of plants. Komba-komba leaves (Chromolaena odorata) containcompounds alkaloid, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, triterpenoids, saponins and steroids which have their respective functions in inhibiting the growth of microorganisms or antibacterial. This study aims to determine the inhibition of komba-komba leaf extract (Chromolaena odorata) on the growth ofbacteria Staphylococcus aureus. This type of research is experimental laboratories. The method used was agar diffusion with 5 treatment concentrations, namely komba-sheep leaf extract concentration (Chromolaena odorata) 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%, positive control (tetracycline) and negative control (aquadest) and repetition . The results showed that there was a inhibition zone of komba-komba leaf extract (Chromolaena odorata) on the growth ofbacteria Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of 20% at 2 mm, a concentration of 40% at 3.7 mm, a concentration of 60% at 4.7 mm, a concentration of 80% 6.2 mm and a concentration of 100% by 8 mm.
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11

Solihah, Indah, Herlina Herlina, Inayatul Munawwaroh, and Riana Sari Puspita Rasyid. "In vivo study of the antioxidant test of ethanolic extract of Chromolaena odorata Linn. leaves." MEDISAINS 18, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/medisains.v18i3.8307.

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Background: Chromolaena odorata L. leaf was reported to contain phenolic group compounds, such as flavonoids. Flavonoid compounds have been reported to have antioxidant activity. Based on in vitro study, Chromolaena odorata L. leaves have potent antioxidant activity. However, in vivo, studies with dose variations have not been reported.Purpose: This study evaluates the antioxidant activity with various doses of ethanolic extract of Chromolaena odorata L. leaves against male Wistar rats induced by paracetamol.Methods: Flavonoid contents were measured spectrophotometrically based on the formation of a complex flavonoid-aluminum. Quercetin was used to make a calibration curve. In vivo test was used TBARS method carried out by measured malondialdehyde (MDA) level in male Wistar rats induced by paracetamol 2g/Kg BW. The test was carried out on extracts with doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/Kg BW. Vitamin C with dose 6,5mg/Kg BW used as a positive control, and 1% of Na CMC used as the negative control. Histopathology assessment of liver used Hema-toxylin Eosin Stain.Results: Ethanolic extract of Chromolaena odorata L. leaves contain flavonoid 126.459±0.163 mg/g extract as quercetin equivalent. Intoxication paracetamol on rats increased MDA serum level significantly different (p-value < 0.005) with normal control. Treatment of ascorbic acid and extracts decreased MDA serum level significantly different (p-value < 0.005) with control negative and improved the histological structure of hepatocytes.Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Chromolaena odorata Linn. dose 500 mg/Kg BW was the best treatment with exhibited 58.974% reduction of MDA serum level and better improve the histological structure hepatocytes than other doses
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12

Xu, Qiu-Yuan, Dan Wang, Guo-Ming Quan, Jia-En Zhang, Rong-Hua Li, and Hui Liu. "Pennisetum Hydridum’s Potential for Controlling Invasive Chromolaena Odorata." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (October 28, 2019): 5990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11215990.

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The exotic Chromolaena odorata is one of the most destructive invasive plant species in South China, and hence an efficient and sustainable control method is urgent. One method, replacement control, which eliminates harmful plants by introducing another competitive plant, is being used increasingly for controlling invasive plants. To test the potential of Pennisetum hydridum to control C. odorata, a series of polyculture experiments with different proportions of the two species was conducted. Competitive indices, plant morphological and physiological traits, and soil nutrient contents were measured to test the impacts of P. hydridum on C. odorata. The presence of P. hydridum significantly suppressed growth of C. odorata, and P. hydridum was not sensitive to the presence of C. odorata. Moreover, increased root/shoot ratios of P. hydridum enhanced its underground competitive ability, and competition between the two species resulted in remarkable reductions of soil nutrient contents which would further decrease the competitiveness of the invasive C. odorata. In summary, our results suggest that P. hydridum is a prospective candidate to control C. odorata.
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13

Andika, Bayu, Halimatussakdiah Halimatussakdiah, and Ulil Amna. "Analisis Kualitatif Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Ekstrak Daun Gulma Siam (Chromolaena odorata L.) di Kota Langsa, Aceh." QUIMICA: Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Terapan 2, no. 2 (October 6, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33059/jq.v2i2.2647.

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Indonesia adalah salah satu negara mega biodiversitas yang mempunyai keanekragaman hayati tertinggi kedua setelah Brazilia. Dari 40.000 spesies tumbuhan yang ada di dunia, sebanyak 30.000 spesies dijumpai di Indonesia dan tidak kurang dari 1000 spesies diantaranya memiliki khasiat sebagai obat salah satunya adalah tumbuhan Gulma Siam (Chromolaena odorata L.). Tumbuhan C. odorata termasuk kedalam Genus Chromolaena DC., yang mempunyai manfaat diantanranya untuk antidiare, astringen, antisplasmodik, antihipertensi, antiinflamasi, tonik diuretik, antipiretik, tonik jantung, dan lain-lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis adanya senyawa metabolit sekunder pada ekstak daun kering dan segar C. odorata. Berdasarkan hasil uji pada daun kering C. odorata terdapat senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti saponin, flavonoid, fenol dan tannin. Sedangkan hasil uji daun segar C. odorata terdapat senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, fenol dan tanin.
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Mullik, Yelly M., Muhammad Ridla, Iwan Prihantoro, and Marthen L. Mullik. "Anaerobic fermentation effectively reduces concentration of total tannins in Chromolaena odorata." Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v21i1.1301.

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<p class="abstrak2"><em>Chromolaena </em>odorata is a potential feed source but its usage is hampered by presence of various secondary metabolic compounds in plant’s tissues. One group of them is tannin. This experiment was aimed to evaluate various pre-treatment methods on total tannin concentration and in vitro digestibility of dry- and organic-matter. An 8 x 3 completely randomized experimental design was employed to test 8 different treatments. The treatments were: Fresh = freshly-chopped chromolaena leaves as control, Sun-dried = sun-dried (3x 24 hours) chromolaena leaves, Oven-dried = oven-dried (60<sup>o</sup>C for 24 hours) chromolaena leaves, Boiled = water-boiled (5 minutes) chromolaena leaves, RenWater = water-soaked (4 hours) chromolaena leaves, RenNaOH = NaOH-soaked (4 hours) chromolaena leaves, RenHCl = HCl-soaked (4 hours) chromolaena leaves, and Fermented = anaerobically-fermented (21 days) chromolaena leaves. Parameters measured were concentration of total tannins and nutrient content. The results showed that application of low heat (Sun-dried), hot water (Boiled), water soaking (RenWater), or unaeobic fermentation technique significantly reduced total tannin by 43% into 62% compared to control. The highest suppression (62%) was achieved by Fermented treatment. In the contrary, medium heat application (oven-dried at 60°C) or chemicaltreatments (HCl or NaOH) had no effect. Protein content of chromolaena was improved by 60% and crude fiber was reduced by 32% in Fermentaed treatment compared to the control. It could be concluded that anaerobic fermentation can be used an effective strategy to reduce tannin concentration in <em>Chromolaena</em> odorata without affecting its feeding value.</p>
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Wisdom Nzubechukwu Obiefu, Nnaemeka Jireh Okolie, Chizaram Winners Ndubueze, and Joy Nkeiruka Dike-Ndudim. "Antibacterial effect of Chromolaena odorata (Awolowo Leaf) aqueous leaf extract on Pseudomonas aeruginosa induced gastrointestinal tract infection in adult Wistar rat." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 14, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 055–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.14.1.0006.

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The effect of Chromolaena odorata aqueous leaf extract on Pseudomonas aeruginosa induced gastrointestinal tract infection in adult rats was studied using thirty six (36) adult wistar rats, whose weights range from 72-100g. The rats were allowed to acclimatize for two weeks and checked for fitness through weight check and urinalysis. Twelve rats were used for toxicological study (LD50) while 24 rats were used to determine the antibacterial effects of Chromolaena odorata leaf extract. The 12 rats for LD50 were divided into three groups of four rats each while the other 24 rats were divided into four groups of six rats each. The antibacterial effect of Chromolaena odorata extract was significantly high in group Q after treatment (4.5±2.12 Cfu/ml) when compared with the mean value before treatment (20.0±4.24 Cfu/ml). The antibiotic effect of ciprofloxacin was higher in group R rats after treatment (0.00±0.00 Cfu/ml) when compared with the mean value before treatment (24.0±1.41 Cfu/ml). But in group S, the mean value of count after treatment was significantly higher (26.5±13.44 Cfu/ml) when compared with the mean value before treatment (14.5±4.95 Cfu/ml) and this is because this group was not treated with either leave extract or antibiotics. Conclusively, the leave extract of Chromolaena odorata could be adopted as an alternative treatment against gastrointestinal tract infections especially those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Afolabi, M. S., W. A. Lamidi, and M. O. Akoroda. "Response of Sweet Potato Storability with Different Pre-storage Treatments at Ambient Temperature." Journal of Agricultural Research and Development 19, no. 1 (April 22, 2021): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jard.v19i1.2.

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The storage of sweet potato tuberous roots in tropical countries is a major challenge to farmers and retailers due to unfavourable climatic conditions. In this study, the storage performance of sweet potato roots in an ambient condition was investigated over a 12-week duration. The three different pre-storage treatments used were ash, alkaline solution (1.5 mol dm-3) and Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) extract – to evaluate their effects on weight loss, shrinkage, weevil damage and sprouting. The control comprised tubers with no pre-treatment. It was observed that weight loss increased linearly from the inception of storage while shrinkage became apparent only after two (2) weeks. The percentage shrinkage of the tuber pre-treated with Siam weed increased at decreasing rate from 8 WAP. Treatment of tuber with Siam weed extract provided significantly higher protection against weevil damage (p > 0.05). After this, sprouting was initiated. By the 12th week, the Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) extract treatment yielded better results. The Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) treatment also recorded the lowest weight loss of 28% and lowest shrinkage of 2.8%. It also sustained less weevil damage at 33.5% compared with the other treatments. Sprouting was higher in the tuber without pre-storage treatment. The alkaline solution and ash treatments had varied degree of performance for all the indicators. Keywords: Sweet potato storability, Ambient condition, Pre-storage treatment, Chromolaena odorata
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17

Pisutthanan, N., B. Liawruangrath, S. Liawruangrath, and J. B. Bremner. "A new flavonoid from Chromolaena odorata." Natural Product Research 20, no. 13 (November 1, 2006): 1192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786410600899050.

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L. Mullik, Marthen, Gustaf Oematan, Twen O. Dami Dato, and Yelly M. Mullik. "RASIO KARBON:NITROGEN DALAM PENGAWETAN HIJAUAN SUMBER PROTEIN MEMPENGARUHI KUALITAS NUTRISI PRODUK BIOFERMENTASI." Pastura 9, no. 1 (September 24, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/pastura.2019.v09.i01.p03.

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Permasalahan utama yang ditemui dalam pengawetan hijauan sumber protein menjadi silase adalah proses pembusukan akibat dari sifat buffer protein yang tinggi dalam hijauan yang mungkin berkaitan dengan rasio karbon:nitrogen (C/N) yang rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh rasio C/N dalam proses ensilage terhadap kualitas silage Chromolaena odorata yang merupakan salah satu hijauan sumber protein. Telah diuji empat perlakuan yaitu C0N = Chromolaeana tanpa penambahan sumber karbon (rasio C/N 14,9); CN20= Chromolaeana + tepung putak (Corypha gebanga) sebagai sumber karbon untuk mencapai rasio C/N 20, atau 25 (CN25) atau 30 (CN30) menggunakan prinsip rancangan acak lengkap 4 × 3. Variabel yang diamati adalah profil organoleptik, proporsi yang rusak, dan kandungan nutrisi silase. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis varian untuk RAL dan perbedaan perlakuan ditentukan menggunakan Duncan test yang ditetapkan pada nilai Alfa 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meninggkatkan rasio C/N hingga 30, secara nyata meningkatkan profil organoleptik, kandungan bahan organik, protein kasar, serta menurunkan komponen serat kasar dalam silase. Disimpulkan bahwa rasio C/N dalam proses pembuatan silase hijauan sumber protein sangat penting di mana hasil terbaik dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah rasio C/N 30. Namun, belum dapat direkomendasikan sebagai rasio yang terbaik karena hingga rasio 30, tren pengaruhnya masih berbentuk linear. Kata kunci: Chromolaena odorata, rasio C/N, silase, hijauan sumber protein, nutrisi
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EICHLIN, THOMAS D., OONA S. DELGADO, LORRAINE W. STRATHIE, COSTAS ZACHARIADES, and JOSE CLAVIJO. "Carmenta chromolaenae Eichlin, a new species (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) for the biological control of Chromolaena odorata (L.) King & Robinson (Asteraceae)." Zootaxa 2288, no. 1 (November 12, 2009): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2288.1.2.

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A new species of Sesiidae, Carmenta chromolaenae Eichlin, is described to make the name available to researchers evaluating the moth's potential for biological control of its host plant, Chromolaena odorata, in South Africa and other parts of the plant's invasive range. This clearwing moth species was reared from the host plant in Venezuela. The adult moth, including the male and female genitalia, larva, and pupa are described and illustrated. Its biology and possible use as a control agent are discussed.
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Kluge, R. L., and P. M. Caldwell. "The biology and host specificity of Pareuchaetes aurata aurata (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), a ‘new association’ biological control agent for Chromolaena odorata (Compositae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 83, no. 1 (March 1993): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748530004181x.

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AbstractPareuchaetes aurata aurata (Butler) from Chromolaena jujuensis in northern Argentina was tested as a biological control candidate for the composite weed C. odorata. The larvae feed voraciously and complete their development on C. odorata. The host-plant feeding range of P. a. aurata is limited to the genus Chromolaena. It is suggested that the egg-laying behaviour of P. a. aurata, which scatters its eggs around the base of the host-plant, will help to overcome the problem of ant predation which prevented the establishment of Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata Rego Barros, which lays its eggs in batches, in South Africa. Any possible benefits of the new association between P. a. aurata and C. odorata may also contribute to the success of this biological control programme.
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Charles, Isirima, Joshua, and Siminialayi, Iyeopu Minakiri. "Effects of the Methanol Leaf Extract Of Chromolaena Odorata on Blood Lipids and the Histology of the Kidney in Salmonella Typhi Infected Wistar Rats." International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review 9, no. 04 (April 6, 2018): 20239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr/2018/9/04/490.

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Infection with Salmonella typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever is said to be associated with dyslipidemia. This study evaluated the effects of Chromolaena odorata on the lipid profile and histology of the kidneys in Salmonella typhi infected Wistar rats. The animals were divided into six groups: group 1 was normal control, group 2 was infected with Salmonella typhi without treatment, groups 3, 4 and 5 were Salmonella typhi infected and treated with 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg of the extract, respectively, and group 6 was infected and treated with 500mg/70kg of ciprofloxacin. The animals were inoculated with a single infectious dose of Salmonella typhi bacteria and were subsequently, treated with graded doses of the methanol leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata and 500mg/70kg dose of ciprofloxacin for a period of seventeen days, when the animals were confirmed infected. The animals were humanely sacrificed using diethyl ether anesthesia and blood sample was collected for lipid profile investigation and the kidneys were harvested for histological examination. Chromolaena odorata administration reversed the dyslipidemia and histological changes induced by Salmonella typhi.
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AKINTOKUN, A. K., P. O. AKINTOKUN, and A. R. OLOYEDE. "INHIBITION OF Fusarium oxysporum Pathogenic Fungus USING COMPOST EXTRACT FROM Chromolaena odorata (SIAM WEED) AND COW DUNG." Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology 14, no. 2 (July 30, 2018): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jnset.v14i2.1754.

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The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of composts extract from cow dung and Chromolae-na odorata in controlling Fusarium oxysporum. Three compost samples were prepared in this study from Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) and cow dung. Sample A was prepared from Cow dung and siam weed at ratio 100g: 100g, Sample B was prepared from 200g chopped siam weed and sample C contained 200g cow dung. These three samples were composted in plastic drums perforated for aera-tion and each sample were replicated three times. The content in the drums were regularly turned and monitored for 1, 10, 30 and 60 days. The microbiological analysis of the composts were determined using standard procedures. The inhibitory activities of the sterilised compost extracts on the F. ox-ysporum were determined using agar well diffusion method. The bacterial, coliform and fungal loads ranged from 1.50 – 9.0 × 107 cfu/ml, 0.3 – 6.0× 107 cfu/ml and 0.1 – 2.50 × 107 cfu/ml respectively. Inhibitory activities of the compost extracts on F. oxysporum at different days of composting increased with days of composting. The highest zone of inhibition was recorded by extract from compost pre-pared from C. odorata at 60 days of composting, closely followed by extract from compost prepared from mixture of cow dung and C. odorata at 60 days of composting. No antifungal activity was found in all extracts from the 24h-composts. Highest disease severity was recorded in extract of 24 h and on control. All extract at 60 days of fermentation were healthy The study therefore revealed the potentials of extracts from Chromolaena odorata and cow dung for the inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum of many crops.
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Hadiroseyani, Y., Hafifuddin, M. Alifuddin, and H. Supriyadi. "Potential of Chromolaena odorata Leaf as A Cure of Aeromonas hydrophila on Giant Gouramy (Osphronemus gouramy)." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 4, no. 2 (July 1, 2007): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.4.139-144.

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<p>This study was conducted to examine the potency of <em>Chromolaena odorata</em> leaf extract as a medicine for skin eruption disease caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in giant gouramy <em>Osphronemus gouramy</em>. Leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata for in vitro test was 0 (as control), 13000, 15000, 17000, 19000 and 21000 ppm, poured onto TSA medium containing bacteria 103 cfu/ml, and then is incubated for 24 hours. In vivo test was performed by injecting bacteria 0.1 ml of 10<sup>9</sup> cfu/ml intramuscularly into giant gouramy (14 g weight), and then fish were maintained in the water containing 15000 ppm of Chromolaena odorata leaf extract. In vitro study showed that prevention area of leaf extract against Aeromonas hydrophila was increase by increasing the concentration of leaf extract used, reached 9,33 mm. Prevention zone of leaf extract by difusion tends to constant, reached 7,6 mm. By in vivo test, survival rate of giant gouramy infected by <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> was no significantly different between dosages of leaf extract. All treated fish, excluded control died after 24 hours infection.</p> <p>Keywords: <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>, <em>Osphronemus gouramy</em>, <em>Chromolaena odorata</em></p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi daun kirinyuh <em>Chromolaena odorata</em> sebagai obat untuk penyakit cacar yang diakibatkan oleh <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> pada ikan gurame <em>Osphronemus gouramy</em>. Konsentrasi ekstrak daun <em>Chromolaena odorata</em> untuk uji <em>in vitro</em> adalah 13000, 15000, 17000, 19000 dan 21000 serta 0 ppm sebagai kontrol, yang diletakkan di atas media TSA yang telah mengandung biakan bakteri 103 cfu/ml dan diinkubasi selama 24 jam. Uji <em>in vivo</em> dilakukan dengan menginjeksikan bakteri sebanyak 0,1 ml (10<sup>9</sup> cfu/ml) secara intramuskular ke ikan gurame (berat 14 g) dan kemudian ikan dipelihara dalam air yang mengandung ekstrak daun kirinyuh 15000 ppm. Hasil uji <em>in virto</em> menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak daun kirinyuh basah semakin efektif dalam menghambat perkembangan <em>A. hydrophila</em> dengan zona hambat tertinggi mencapai 9,33 mm. Zona hambat yang dihasilkan melalui metode difusi cenderung konstan, mencapai 7,6 mm. Melalui uji <em>in vivo</em>, tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan gurame yang tidak berbeda nyata pada masing-masing perlakuan, bahkan terjadi kematian total dalam 24 jam pada semua perlakuan, kecuali kontrol.</p> <p>Kata kunci: <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>, <em>Osphronemus gouramy</em>, <em>Chromolaena odorata</em></p>
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Ahmad, Jusna, and Chairunnisa Lamangantjo. "The Effect of Green Manure and Chromolaena-Odorata-Based Bokashi on Nutrient Soil Content and Maize Growth." Journal of Agricultural Studies 5, no. 4 (July 31, 2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v6i3.13199.

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The objectives of this study are twofold; firstly, it is intended to determine the soil nutrient contents (e.g., nitrogen, phosphor, potassium, manganese, and magnesium) after the provision of Chromolaena odorata organic fertilizer. Secondly, the study is aimed at examining the growth of maize crops after the provision of the same fertilizer. It employed randomized design group consisting of three phases of treatment (i.e., control, fertilizer provision, and provision of Bokashi with Chromolaena odorata) and four-times of the repeating process. Furthermore, the variable consists of the contents of soil nutrient before applying the treatment, vegetative growth (i.e., stem height, stem diameter, leaf size, and dry weight of root, stem, and leaf), and generative growth (i.e., weight of unhusked cob, weight of husked cob, number of seeds per cob, width of cob, and weight of 100 seeds). The data were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and it further examined by employing Least Significance Difference test at 5% level. The results reveal that the provision of Bokashi fertilizer (with Chromolaena odorata as the material) positively impacts the growth of maize crops rather than the provision of green manure and control fertilizer. Keywords: Generative Growth, Organic Fertilizer, Vegetative Growth
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Mohamad, Erni, Intan J. Oputu, and Julhim S. Tangio. "Pemanfaatan Gulma Siam (Chromolaena odarata L.) Sebagai Adsorben Logam Timbal." Jambura Journal of Chemistry 2, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34312/jambchem.v2i1.4528.

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This study aims to utilize (Chromolaena odorata L) as a metal adsorbent. The methods used to make activated charcoal are dehydration, carbonization, and activation. The activated carbon is then characterized to obtain activated charcoal that can be applied, then optimized. The results of activated carbon characterization obtained have reached the activated carbon quality requirements based on the Indonesian Industry Standard (SII No. 0258-88). Based on the adsorption test, the optimum pH of Pb2+ (Pb (NO3) 2 (in distilled water) Chromolaena odorata L charcoal activated by NaOH 0.2 M under varying pH (2,3,4,5,6) is at pH 5 with 69.00% absorption. The optimum contact time required for Pb ion adsorption is 4 hours at variation (1-5 hours) with 70.19% absorption. The optimum concentration at variation (concentration 20; 40; 60; 80; 100 ppm) on Pb ion adsorption is 100 ppm with 76.15% absorption. The optimum heating time is a variation of 1.5; 2; 2.5; and 3 hours of Pb ion adsorption is one hour 30 minutes with an absorption of 65.95%. Based on the optimization results, the activated carbon from the Chromolaena odorata L can be used as an adsorption material against the contamination of lead heavy metals (Pb).
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26

Chandran, M. Vishnu, S. Gopakumar, and Anoopa Mathews. "Comparative phytosociological assessment of three terrestrial ecosystems of Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 5 (April 26, 2020): 15631–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4754.12.5.15631-15645.

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Phytosociological studies were conducted in three vegetation types in the WS II area of Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary. In each vegetation type, 85 quadrats (10 x 10 m) were laid to quantify the vegetation. Natural forest showed comparatively higher species richness than plantation and vayal (swamps/low lying grassland). In natural forest 96 plant species were present while it was 70 and 66 respectively in plantation and vayal. Fabaceae was the dominant family in all the three vegetation types. The natural forest was dominated by Chromolaena odorata, followed by Lantana camara, Mimosa pudica, Terminalia elliptica, Glycosmis pentaphylla. In the plantations, Chromolaena odorata, Tectona grandis, Mimosa pudica and Glycosmis pentaphylla showed dominance. The vayal was dominated by Arundinella leptochloa. The second most dominant species in the vayal was Chromolaena odorata. Other dominant species were Kyllinga nemoralis and Sporobolus tenuissimus. Among the three, vayal recorded the highest Simpson Diversity Index. The highest Berger-Parker Dominance Index value in plantation indicates the presence of dominant species. Natural forests recorded highest Margalef Richness Index and the least was in vayal. The highest Pielou’s Wiener Equitability Index in vayal indicated all species are evenly distributed.
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Zhang, Manli, Peiyu Liu, Ting Zhao, Yufang Wang, Jiening Dun, Francoise Sauriol, Xinhua Lu, Ruxing Wang, and Qingwen Shi. "A New Bidihydroflavone Isolated from Chromolaena odorata." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 51, no. 4 (July 2015): 637–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-015-1373-x.

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28

Vijayaraghavan, K., J. Rajkumar, and MA Seyed. "Efficacy of Chromolaena odorata leaf extracts for the healing of rat excision wounds." Veterinární Medicína 62, No. 10 (October 27, 2017): 565–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/161/2016-vetmed.

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Injury to the soft tissues is followed by wound healing, which consists of four stages: haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodelling. Chromolaena odorata is a weed that is traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments in humans and animals. The present study was aimed at exploring the wound healing potential of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of C. odorata in a rat excision wound model. This investigation involved phytochemical screening and in vitro analyses of various parameters such as antioxidant activity, lipid peroxide inhibitory activity and the effects of extracts on contraction and epithelialisation of the rat excision wounds. The phytochemical screening of both ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed that they were rich in secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides and carbohydrates. The aqueous extract showed high antioxidant and lipid peroxide inhibitory activity, while the ethanolic extract showed high total phenol content and hydrogen peroxide inhibitory activity at concentrations of 50, 100 and 250 μg/ml. Our results also indicate that the most effective concentration of the C. odorata extract for excision wound healing was 5.0% (w/w). C. odorata-treated groups exhibited a faster reduction in wound area compared to control and Betadine-treated groups. In addition, the topical application of C. odorata extract increased collagen synthesis and its stabilisation at the wound site, as evidenced by the increase in hydroxyproline and hexosamine levels and expression of collagen. The present investigation demonstrates that aqueous and ethanolic extracts of C. odorata of varying concentrations promote an accelerated wound healing process and might represent a novel healing agent. Our findings are of potential clinical relevance and might be highly beneficial for drug discovery and development in the area of both human and veterinary medicine.
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29

Omidiwura, B. R. O., A. F. Agboola, and A. O. Adekambi. "Potency of selected herbs on inhibition of ammonia producing bacteria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 46, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v46i4.435.

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In effort to combat environmental pollution, improve animal production and avoid drug residue, producers have resorted to the use of phytobiotics to inhibit ammonia producing microbes in the gut. Freshly harvested Azadirachta indica, Carica papaya, Saccharum officinarum, Chromolaena odorata, Eucalyptus camadulensis and Mangifera indica leaves were air dried, blended and extracted using five concentrations of solvent (100% water, 70% water + 30% methanol, 50% water + 50% methanol, 30% water + 70% methanol and 100% methanol). The antibacterial activities of the extracts and antibiotics (doxycycline) as control, were tested according to standard procedures against both gram positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae) ammonia producing bacteria. In most cases, it was observed that the inhibitory effect of methanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica, Carica papaya, Saccharum officinarum, Chromolaena odorata, Eucalyptus camadulensis and Mangifera indica leaves were not significantly different from that of synthetic antibiotics, doxycycline, when tested against the test bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio cholera. However, leave extracts showed significantly better inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli than the antibiotic drug. It can be concluded, therefore, that the leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica, Carica papaya, Saccharum officinarum, Chromolaena odorata, Eucalyptus camadulensis and Mangifera indica can serve as alternative to synthetic drugs in animal production due to their effective actions against microbial organisms.
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Joshi, C., J. Van Andel, A. Skidmore, J. De Leeuw, and I. V. Duren. "Morphological plasticity of corms in enhancing invasion of Chromolaena odorata." Banko Janakari 21, no. 2 (November 12, 2013): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v21i2.9124.

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In this paper, the researchers investigate the vegetative growth of Chromolaena odorata and the infl uence of light intensity on the understorey environment of Shorea robusta forest at Chitwan in south-central Terai, Nepal. C. odorata is a clonally growing shrub and typically consists of several clones with an underground “cormous organ” (a modifi ed stem to store food reserve; here after “corm”) belonging to an identical genet. In C. odorata, the biomass of such corms varied across the light gradient. The number of shoot demonstrated a strong logarithmic relation with biomass of corm. Under open forest canopy environment, corm biomass was strongly correlated with the number of shoots and the corm’s age. However, under dense forest canopy, there was no signifi cant relationship between corm biomass and its age. This result shows that corms of C. odorata were capable of maintaining their viability for a long period even under closed canopy environment. Any disturbances in forest canopy density would ultimately trigger its clonal growth capability. This plasticity of corms appeared to be a key strategy for invasion success of this species. Comparison of these results further indicates the importance of canopy density in determining invasion success of C. odorata.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v21i2.9124Banko JanakariVol. 21, No. 2, 2011Page: 3-12Uploaded date: November 10, 2013
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31

Adeyemi, Adeyemo I., Omotunlese I. Vincent, and Oni M. Olujenyo. "Phytochemical screening and antifungal activity of Chromolaena odorata extracts against isolate of Phytophthora megakarya using agar-well diffusion method." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 4, no. 1 (June 7, 2018): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v4i1.36815.

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In-vitro study of Chromolaena odorata extracts was determined against isolated Phytophthora megakarya for the purpose of investigating the antifungal activity of ethanolic, cold-water and warm-water extracts of the medicinal plant against Phytophthora megakarya. Their antifungal effects were assessed with agar-well diffusion methods. Phytochemical screening and minimum inhibitory concentrations of the extracts were also determined. A qualitative phytochemical analysis of the extracts showed the presence of biologically active constituents such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, sterols, amino acid and glycosinulate. Results showed that antifungal effects of Chromolaena odorata against Phytophthora megakarya were most efficient by ethanolic extracts, followed by extract of cold-water while hot water extract had no visible antifungal effect. Zones of clearance range from 15.00 mm to 32.00 mm using ethanolic extractions with concentrations from 1% to 5% while zones of clearance using cold water extract was from 5.00 mm to 30.00 mm with varying concentrations of 1% to 5%. The negative control using sterile distilled water showed no inhibitory effect on Phytophthora megakarya while 41.00 mm zone of clearance was observed in the positive control test using Metalaxyl and cuprous oxide-containing synthetic fungicide. This study provides a scientific confirmation of the use of Chromolaena odorata against cocoa pod infections by some local farmers.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2018, 4(1): 7-13
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Kanase, Vanita, and Sana Shaikh. "A PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW ON CHROMOLAENA ODORATA (SIAM WEED)." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 10 (October 7, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i10.26863.

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Chromolaena odorata is commonly known as Siam weed which belongs to sunflower family Asteraceae. C. odorata is an important medicinal plant which can be easily found in tropical Asia, West Africa, and parts of Australia. It is native to the America, and found in Florida and Texas in the United States, throughout Mexico and the Caribbean to South America. The medicinal usage of C. odorata has been reported in the traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani. It has wide variety of ethanomedicinal and pharmacological properties. The young leaves are crushed, and the resulting liquid can be used to treat skin wounds. The leaves extract is used by the kani tribals of Kouthalai in Tirunelveli hills to cure skin diseases, poison bites, wounds, and rheumatism. Following various folk claims for the ailment of various diseases, efforts have been made by the researchers to verify the efficacy of this weed through scientific biological screenings. A study of the literature revealed some notable pharmacological activities of the shrub such as anthelmintic, antimalarial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antispasmodic, antioxidant, antigonorrheal, antimycobacterial, insecticidal, fungicidal, wound healing, diuretic, blood coagulation, and antibacterial. The current review is created with an intent to focus on the numerous ethnobotanical and traditional uses as well as the phytochemical and pharmacological reports on C. odorata.
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Olawale, Femi, Kolawole Olofinsan, and Opeyemi Iwaloye. "Biological activities of Chromolaena odorata: A mechanistic review." South African Journal of Botany 144 (January 2022): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2021.09.001.

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Jamilah, Jamilah, Robi Ahmad, and Milda Ernita. "Penggunaan Pupuk Cair Chromolaena odorata dan KCl dalam Menekan Kehampaan dan Meningkatkan Hasil Padi Ungu Black Madras." JURNAL AGRONIDA 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jag.v6i1.2382.

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Budidaya padi ungu masih belum berkembang di Indonesia. Tipe padi ini memiliki kadar gula yang rendah, sehingga cocok dikonsumsi penderita diabetes dan sakit jantung. Pemberian pupuk sangat penting untuk menekan kehampaan serta meningkatkan hasil padi ungu. Tujuan percobaan untuk mendapatkan efek yang saling bersinergi antara pemberian pupuk cair Chromolaena odorata dan kalium terhadap penekanan kehampaan dan meningkatkan hasil padi ungu Black Madras. Percobaan dilakukan di lahan sawah selama 3 bulan dilakukan secara Faktorial, disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Perlakuan terdiri dari pupuk cair C.odorata (0, 25 dan 50 ml L-1), dan takaran pupuk KCl (60% K2O) yaitu; 0, 50, 100 dan 150 kg ha-1. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian 25 ml L-1 pupuk cair C. odorata efektif dan efisien dalam menekan kehampaan padi hingga 55%. Aplikasi 100 kg ha-1 pupuk KCl yang diberikan seiring dengan 25 ml L-1 PC C.odorata merupakan rekomendasi optimum untuk tanaman padi ungu dan menghasilkan 7,88 t ha-1 GKP. Kata kunci : pupuk cair Chromolaena odorata, padi ungu Black Madras, KCl
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Boppré, Michael, Tim Thoden, and Johannes Hallmann. "Pyrrolizidine alkaloids of Chromolaena odorata act as nematicidal agents and reduce infection of lettuce roots by Meloidogyne incognita." Nematology 9, no. 3 (2007): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854107781352016.

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Abstract1,2-dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) represent a class of secondary plant compounds that are active in defence against herbivory. They are present in Chromolaena odorata, one of the most invasive weeds of Asia and Africa. In vitro studies demonstrate that pure PAs from C. odorata roots have nematicidal effects on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, even at concentrations of 70-350 ppm. In vivo experiments show that mulch or aqueous crude extracts from C. odorata roots reduce the infection of lettuce by M. incognita. Thus, the use of PA-containing plants appears to be a valuable element for integrated nematode management.
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Oni, A. O., B. Ogadu, A. O. Yusuf, O. Adelusi, O. S. Sowande, and C. F. I. Onwuka. "Feed additive effect of Chromolaena odorata on performance of West African dwarf bucks." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 3 (December 17, 2020): 262–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i3.163.

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Efficient rumen fermentation is necessary for improved feed utilization and animal production. The use of feed additives to improve rumen fermentation is promising. Twenty-four West African Dwarf (WAD) bucks with an average weight of 10±2kg were randomly allocated on weight equalization to four treatment diets with 0, 2, 4 and 6% C. odorata inclusion for a period of three months. Six animals per treatment were used for the study with each animal served as a replicate. Weight changes were taken weekly and digestibility study was carried out. At the end of the study blood samples were also collected for haematological and serum assay. Results showed that the addition of C. odorata to the diets influenced (p<0.05) weight gain of experimental goats with goats on diets (4% inclusion) having the highest value (6.20kg). Nutrient intake, apparent digestibility of nutrients, and nitrogen utilization by WAD goats fed experimental diets were not (p>0.05) affected by dietary inclusion of C. odorata. Haematological parameters were not differed (p>0.05) across the dietary treatments. However, serum glucose and aspartate aminotransferase increased (p<0.05) with increase in inclusion of C. odorata. It can be concluded that the use of C. odorata as an additive at 4% inclusion increased weight gain of goats with normal blood ranges indicating no negative effect of goats' health.
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Thapa, Lal B., Seeta Pathak, Khadka Bahadur Pal, Tayer Mohamad Miya, Tej Bahadur Darji, Gunanand Pant, and Ramesh Raj Pant. "Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oil of Invasive Chromolaena odorata leaves in Central Nepal." Journal of Nepal Chemical Society 42, no. 1 (March 2, 2021): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v42i1.35364.

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Chromolaena odorata is one of the widely distributed invasive alien plants in the tropical to subtropical regions of Nepal. It has the ability to impact native species in its invaded range by multiple modes such as allelopathy including volatilization. This study aims to identify volatile chemical components in the essential oil of C. odorata. The leaf samples of C. odorata were collected from the Radha Krishna Community Forest, Chitwan district of Nepal. The essential oil from the leaves of C. odorata was extracted and the chemical composition of the oil was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). A total of 19 chemical components from the oil were identified. The major components identified were linalool (21.64%); β-pinene (9.43%); 1,3-cycloheptadiene (8.92%); β-cubebene (7%); cinnamaldehyde (5.30%) and caryophyllene oxide (4.94%). O-methoxy cinnamaldehyde and isoeugenyl acetate were not listed by previous studies as the components in the essential oils of C. odorata. The components identified by this study have allelopathic effects on native plant species, anti-herbivory properties, and medicinal values. Therefore, this study could be important to understand plant invasiveness and utilization of the plant for the extraction of bioactive compounds may contribute to control and manage the plants in the invaded areas.
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Suharjo, Radix, and Titik Nur Aeny. "EKSPLORASI POTENSI GULMA SIAM (CHROMOLAENA ODORATA) SEBAGAI BIOFUNGISIDA PENGENDALI PHYTOPHTHORA PALMIVORA YANG DIISOLASI DARI BUAH KAKAO." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 11, no. 2 (June 8, 2011): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.211201-209.

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The research was aimed to investigate: (1) distribution and population of Chromolaena odorata (siam weed) in different land-uses (paddy field, untreated land, houseyard, roadside and river/irigation side) in Bandar Lampung, South Lampung, Tanggamus, and East Lampung; (2) effect of C. odorata extract on in-vitro growth of Phytophthora palmivora, (3) effect of C. odorata extract on development of fruit rot symptom caused by P. palmivora on cocoa pod in the laboratory and in the field. Collecting of P. palmivora isolates and recording distribution and population of C. odorata were conducted in several locations known as endemic areas of cocoa pod rot disease. The effect of C. odorata extract on the growth of P. palmivora on agar media and cocoa pods was determine in the Laboratory of Plant Disease, Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. Field experiment was performed in a cocoa plantation in Kemiling, Bandar Lampung. The results showed that C. odorata weed can be found in all of the land-uses surveyed, but the highest population was found in the untreated land-use. The tips (young leaves and stems) extract of C. odorata showed a greater inhibition effect on the growth of P. palmivora compared to the root extract. The tips extract showed the best inhibition in-vitro growth of P. palmivora at 40% concentration level, inhibited symptom development on cocoa pods in the laboratory at 50% concentration level, and on cocoa pods in the field at 60% concentration level.
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RIZALI, AKHMAD, MOCHAMMAD SYAMSUL HADI, PUDJIANTO PUDJIANTO, and DAMAYANTI BUCHORI. "A new trophic interaction between invasive weed, its biological control agent, and local insects: A case study of Chromolaena odorata." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 20, no. 4 (March 15, 2019): 1006–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200410.

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Abstract. Authors. 2019. A new trophic interaction between invasive weed, its biological control agent, and local insects: a case study of Chromolaena odorata. Biodiversitas 20: 1006-1011. Invasive species have been known to cause biotic homogenization. The presence of Chromolaena odorata, an alien invasive weed, in agricultural habitat has outcompeted many crop plants. The presence of alien invasive weed creates a new trophic interaction especially with local herbivores as well as other associate insects. This study was aimed to investigate a new trophic interaction that has been established between C. odorata, its introduced biological control agent, and local insects. The research was conducted in various land-use types in both of Arjuno and Bromo mountain landscape. In each landscape, we surveyed the population density of C. odorata and its biological control agent (a gall fly, Cecidochares connexa) as well as observed the diversity and abundance of other insects associated with C. odorata. Samples were taken along the transect lines at various altitudinal gradients, from 400 to 1100 m asl. In total, 124 species of insects were found associated with C. odorata which include herbivores, parasitoids, and predators. The difference of land-use types affected the population density of C. odorata but not its herbivores (i.e. C. connexa and aphids). A new association was found between the introduced insect, C. connexa and local parasitoids. The field survey also discovered new associations between the invasive weed with local herbivores such as aphids that are found with high abundance. The aphids were found to have a symbiosis interaction with ants such as Anoplolepis gracilipes (invasive species) and Dolichoderus thoracicus. In conclusion, the ecological consequence of the presence of invasive weed species is the shaping of a new trophic interaction with local insects, even with other invasive ant species. This interaction arguably is part of an ecological process that formed an equilibrium interaction which may cause either a negative or positive impact on C. odorata.
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Mugwedi, Lutendo. "Harnessing Opportunities Provided by the Invasive Chromolaena odorata to Keep It under Control." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 12, 2020): 6505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166505.

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Invasive alien plants (IAPs) have been well-documented as socio-ecological change drivers in most countries globally. Billions of dollars have been spent worldwide on IAP management projects with varying degrees of success. Understanding the contribution of IAPs to human well-being and livelihoods could provide insights into potential sustainable incentives that could be used to achieve effective IAP management. A review was conducted to assess the benefits of the invasive Chromolaena odorata on human well-being and livelihoods. Literature was gathered using keyword searches in electronic databases. The findings from this review showed that C. odorata is utilised in bioenergy production, crop production and protection, ethnopharmacology, human nutrition, and livestock production. However, most of these benefits were reported on the Asian/West African biotype. There was only one ethnopharmacological benefit record on the southern African biotype. This shows that, although C. odorata has significant negative impacts on the environment and livelihoods, its benefits have been integrated into human well-being and livelihoods. Therefore, C. odorata utilisation in bioenergy production, crop and livestock production, crop protection, and ethnopharmacology could create an economic incentive for species control in invaded sites. However, for utilisation to be effective, it should be used as a complementary control strategy.
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Pitakpawasutthi, Yamon, Chanida Palanuvej, and Nijsiri Ruangrungsi. "Microscopic Leaf Constant Numbers of Chromolaena odorata in Thailand." Pharmacognosy Journal 10, no. 6s (November 12, 2018): s95—s99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/pj.2018.6s.18.

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42

Bhargava, D., CK Mondal, JN Shivapuri, S. Mondal, and S. Kar. "Antioxidant Properties of the Leaves of Chromolaena odorata Linn." Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal 35, no. 1 (October 12, 2013): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jiom.v35i1.8900.

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Introduction: Chromolaena odorata Linn (Asteraceae) locally known as “Banmara” has the reputation of being used as a medicinal herb in Nepal. A systemic search for drug research in now considered to be a rational approach. Therefore in the present study an effort has been made to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the leaves of the above mentioned plant. Methods: In the present research work the ethanolic and methanolic extract of leaves of the plant C. odorata Linn was assessed for free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity. In this work the ability of the extract to scavenge nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical and 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were used to assess its free radical scavenging potentials. Results: The DPPH radical inhibition (%) was 59.10, 52.13 and 81.12 for ethanolic extract, methanolic extract and ascorbic acid respectively. Similarly ethanolic and methanolic extract also showed significant free radical scavenging action against nitric oxide and hydroxyl radical. Conclusion: Against the backdrop of many known medicinal properties of this plant its ethanolic and methanolic extract of leaves reveals significant antioxidant properties. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2126/joim.v35i1.8900 Journal of Institute of Medicine, April, 2013; 35:53-57
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Jiraungkoorskul, Wannee, and Anushika Sirinthipaporn. "Wound healing property review of siam weed, Chromolaena odorata." Pharmacognosy Reviews 11, no. 21 (2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/phrev.phrev_53_16.

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44

Ye, W. H., H. P. Mu, H. L. Cao, and X. J. Ge. "Genetic structure of the invasive Chromolaena odorata in China." Weed Research 44, no. 2 (April 2004): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2004.00381.x.

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Biller, Andreas, Michael Boppré, Ludger Witte, and Thomas Hartmann. "Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Chromolaena odorata. Chemical and chemoecological aspects." Phytochemistry 35, no. 3 (February 1994): 615–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)90573-9.

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Maulida, Putri Anni, Devi Anggraini Putri, and Sri Fatmawati. "Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Chromolaena odorata L. Leaves." IPTEK The Journal for Technology and Science 30, no. 3 (September 17, 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j20882033.v30i3.5409.

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47

Irobi, O. N. "Antibiotic Properties of Ethanol Extract of Chromolaena odorata (Asteriaceae)." International Journal of Pharmacognosy 35, no. 2 (January 1997): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/phbi.35.2.111.13287.

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48

Taiwo, Oludare B., Olumayokun A. Olajide, Olufunmilola O. Soyannwo, and J. Modupe Makinde. "Anti-Inflammatory, Antipyretic And Antispasmodic Properties Of Chromolaena Odorata." Pharmaceutical Biology 38, no. 5 (January 2000): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/phbi.38.5.367.5970.

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Lucas, E. O. "Siam Weed (Chromolaena odorata) and Crop Production in Nigeria." Outlook on Agriculture 18, no. 3 (September 1989): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708901800306.

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Siam Weed was introduced to Nigeria in 1937, through the importation of timber species from Sri Lanka. It is now a serious weed of both arable and plantation crops in the country. Efforts to control it through manual, mechanical, chemical and biological means have met with little success. At present, the weed seems uncontrollable and suggestion is made that the new research focus should be on its possible industrial and pharmaceutical uses.
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KOUTIKA, L.-S. "CHROMOLAENA ODORATA IN DIFFERENT ECOSYSTEMS: WEED OR FALLOW PLANT?" Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 8, no. 2 (June 10, 2010): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/0802_131142.

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