Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chromosome 21 – Aberrations chromosomiques'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 22 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Chromosome 21 – Aberrations chromosomiques.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Labbé, Marine. "Vers des modèles murins d'aneuploi͏̈die pour la région Hrmt111-Cstb homologue à la partie télomérique du chromosome 21 humain." Orléans, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ORLE2028.
Full textROUGNY, YVES. "Aberrations chromosomiques : etude retrospective de 116 dossiers observes de 1979 a 1989 a la clinique obstetricale de l'hopital edouard herriot (lyon)." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1M161.
Full textAUFFRET, PASCALE. "Malformations et tube neural et aberrations chromosomiques." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN1M078.
Full textBruyère, Hélène. "Chromosome 15 en anneau : syndrome clinique, détermination des points de cassure et revue de la littérature : à propos d'un cas." Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STET6410.
Full textRiond, Joëlle. "Benzodiazepines peripheriques." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0094.
Full text[Benzodiazepines are sedative, anxiolytic and anticonvulsant. They exert their effects through receptors in the central nervous system. However, some benzodiazepines also bind to a pharmacologically different receptor (BPBS) in peripheral organs. This one could be involved in immuno-modulation: we observed an effect of peripheral benzodiazepines on lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. To further characterize the receptor of these ligands, we purified it from the CHO cell line (hamster) and we cleaved it to determine a partial sequence. An antiserum directed against synthetic analogous peptides was used to study the homology cell line U937. Using the CHO BPBS peptide sequence, four oligonucleotide probes were synthesised to isolate the BPBS cDNA from a U937 library. The sequenced coding region corresponds to a 169 amino-acid protein with several potential trans-membrane domains. Finally, using the cDNA of the human BPBS as a probe, the BPBS gene was localized in the 22q 13. 3 band of the human genome. ]
Dal, Cin Claude. "Un modèle pour l'étude des démences de type Alzheimer : la trisomie 21." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25208.
Full textNugoli, Mélanie. "Instabilité génétique des cancers du sein et étude à haute résolution des anomalies quantitatives du bras long du chromosome 1 (1q)." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20116.
Full textSaut, Noëmie. "Délétions du chromosome Y et infertilité chez l'homme et chez la souris." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX20674.
Full textMagaud, Jean-Pierre. "Anomalies chromosomiques acquises et tumorogénèse lymphoïde B : à propos des lymphomes malins non-Hodgkiniens." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1H108.
Full textFerfouri, Fatma. "Anomalies génétiques et épigénétiques de l’ADN spermatique et infertilité masculine." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS0054.
Full textThe male infertility seems to increase for several decades. Infertility etiologies are multiple, but the genetic and epigenetic causes are important. Here, we tried to study, the abnormalities carried by spermatozoa and sometimes transmissible in the conceptus. This work contains three parts, in a first time, the infertility linked with abnomalities of constitutionel karyotype by studying the consequences for the chromosomal risk with the risk estimated on all spermatozoa, in a second time, the infertility, with normal constitutionel karyotype, where the genetic origin was sometimes demonstrated and sperm morphology altered with macrocephalic sperm, Globozoospermia and spermatozoa with large or small vacuoles and in fine, DNA methylation abnormalities in various azoospermic aetiologies. These approaches have a triple interest because, it estimate the risks for conceptus and advice patients care, guide the choice of spermatozoa to be injected in the oocyte
Grunwald, Monique. "Détection des anomalies chromosomiques par cytométrie en flux et localisation des points de translocation." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066487.
Full textDouet-Guilbert, Nathalie. "Dissection cytogénétique des anomalies du chromosome 5 et du chromosome 20 dans les syndromes myélodysplasiques." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES3206.
Full textMyelodysplastic syndromes are a heterogeneous biological and clinical entity in myeloid hemopathies. Clonal cytogenetic abnormalities are observed in 50% of the patients. Rearrangements of chromosomes 5 and 20 are recurrent in MDS. Precise characterization of rearrangements of chromosomes 5 and 20, delineation of deleted and retained regions were performed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with specific probes. We determined commonly deleted regions (CDR) and commonly retained regions (CRR). This work allowed the specification of structural rearrangements in true deletions, derivatives from translocation, complex derivatives, dicentrics, tricentrics, isochromosomes and isoderivatives. We identified CDR and/or CRR in each group with chromosomal abnormalities. No CDR was observed in the whole group of chromosome 5 rearrangements, but the most frequently deleted region was Sq31. 1 -5q31. 2 band. A CRR was observed from 5p10 to 5p13. L. Bands containing genes involved in cell survival and proliferation. The loss of APC and NPM1 genes was variable, suggesting that haploinsufficiency or not could explain different phonotypes in MDS. Concerning the whole group of chromosome 20 rearrangements, neither RCD nor RCC was identified. However, the most commonly deleted region was 20q12 and die most retained regions were 20q11. 21 and 20q13. 13 involving oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. In this study, the ASXL1 gene was found deleted, retained, amplified or disrupted. Variable expression of ASXL1 may explain different clinical effects of MDS with chromosome 20 rearrangements. Cytogenetic analysis, including study of specific regions of chromosomes 5 and 20 by FISH, is necessary to understand the oncogenetic mechanisms involved in MDS
Bourinbaiar, Aldar S. "Etude cytogénétique de leucémies myéloïdes chroniques en crise blastique de phénotype T." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA07F030.
Full textBadie, Christophe. "Influence de la réparation sur la courbe de survie :les cassures double brin de l'ADN et les aberrations chromosomiques de lignées fibroblastiques humaines." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA11T015.
Full textBarinova-Melenkova, Natalja. "Anaphase bridges generated by dicentric chromosomes break predominantly at pericentromeric regions and internal telomeric sequences." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112101.
Full textIn most eukaryotes, there is one defined centromeric region per chromosome that links it to the spindle apparatus via the kinetochore complex. In this context, the presence of two centromeres is a challenge for an accurate segregation. During mitosis, the capture of the two centromeres of the same chromatid to opposite poles generates anaphase bridges that results in breakage between the centromeres. The released ends can be fused end-to-end thus recreating dicentric. It enters breakage-fusion-bridge cycles that, in multiple rounds, can result in large gene copy number alterations that can contribute to oncogenesis and chemotherapy resistance. Despite of its significance, the mechanism of breakage remains for a large part unexplored. This project adresses the dicentric breakage using a budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We use conditional dicentric strains, where a chromosome, bearing a conditional centromere under the control of two galactose-inducible promoters, is fused to another native chromosome by homologous recombination. We observed that dicentric chromosomes tend to break in the vicinity of the two centromeres. The breakage region spreads over ~30 kb towards the other centromere. An insertion of a 1-kb ectopic centromere in a chromosome with a conditional centromere establishes a ~30 kb hot spot indistinguishable from the hot spots at native centromeres. Furthermore, the size of breakage region is unrelated to an intercentromeric distance (30-600 kb intervals were tested). This indicates that the higher propensity to break is a consequence of centromere structure or function and is unrelated to the native surrounding sequences. It is yet unclear whether breakage at centromeres has a physiological function but we can speculate that this hot spot may favour local DNA rearrangements that result in centromere inactivation and thus the return to a stable karyotype. Overall in budding yeast, dicentrics break at pericentromeric regions or at the telomere fusions when they are present. Interestingly, internal telomeric sequences, i.e. TG₁₋₃ repeats, establish several breakage hot spots with a similar frequency. In perspective, it would be interesting to address the following questions: 1) What are features that make a region more prone to breakage? 2) What are the positions of breakage at nucleotide level? 3) Is there a coordination of dicentric chromatid breakage? 4) What can be the biological function of dicentric breakage hot spots?
GUYENON, SYLVAIN. "Le centre de diagnostic antenatal de valence : bilan de deux annees et demie de diagnostic antenatal des aberrations chromosomiques, par l'etude du caryotype apres amniocentese, au centre hospitalier de valence (drome) de janvier 1989 a juin 1991." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1M257.
Full textJacquet-Delmulle, Hélène. "Etude du déterminisme génétique de la schizophrenie." Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUES036.
Full textSchizophrenia is a psychotic disorder of the young adult, which is a major proplem for public health because of its prevalence of 1% in the general population. Because schizophrenia presents a clinical heterogeneity and a multifactorial determinism, it is difficult to identify a risk factor for this disease. The comorbidity between schizophrenia and the 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) suggested a putative rearrangement of the 22q11 region in schizophrenic patients. Screening for genomic rearrangements of 23 genes within or at the boundaries of the deletion 22q11 in 63 unrelated schizophrenic patients DSMIII and 68 controls, using QMPSF, led us to identify, in a family including two schizophrenic subjects, a selective heterozygous deletion of the entire PRODH gene. PRODH gene encodes a proline dehydrogenase enzyme, which is involved in the first step of the conversion of proline to glutamate. The measure of prolinemia in the two patients revealed a moderate elevated plasma proline level. We then detected, by sequencing, in a subset of schizophrenic patients, without rearrangements, several heterozygous PRODH missense mutations, which were also associated with increased plasma proline levels. Interestingly, we subsequently found the same PRODH deletion or missense mutations, at the homozygous state, in children suffering from a severe form of type I hyperprolinemia associated with neurological manifestations (mental retardation and seizure). To determine the involvement of hyperprolinemia disorders in psychotic disease including in the schizophrenic spectrum, we conducted a case-control study (including 320 patients with 114 controls), based on DSMIIIR criteria to distinguish schizophrenic patients, patients with a schizoaffective disorder and patients with a bipolar disorder. We found that hyperprolinemia was a risk factor for schizoaffective disorder and that five rare PRODH alterations were associated with hyperprolinemia. Altogether these results show that the severe form of type I hyperprolinemia results into mental retardation whereas the moderate form may constitute a risk factor for certain forms of psychosis
Bhatt, Samarth. "Segregation analysis of paracentric inversions in human sperm." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON1T002.
Full textToujani, Saloua. "Du chromosome au gène par un criblage global des altérations génomiques dans la malignité pour isoler de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T027/document.
Full textMuch of our current understanding of cancer is based on the hypothesis that it is a genetic disease, arising as a clone of cells that expand in an unregulated fashion because of somatically acquired mutations. High-throughput tools for nucleic acid characterization, such as array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), now provide the means to conduct comprehensive analyses of somatic anomalies in the oncogenome.In the first part of our work we have carried out a fine mapping of additional chromosomal anomalies in Burkitt lymphoma (BL). The hallmark of this disease is the translocation t(MYC;IG). We have applied whole-genome 244K and 44k oligonucléotides aCGH to 15 cells lines and 12 primary tumors of BL respectively. Karyotype and FISH analysis were used to validate aCGH results. As expected, all translocations remained undetectable with aCGH. More than half of the copy number alterations (CNAs) < 2 Mb were mapped to Mendelian CNVs, including GSTT1, and BIRC6. Somatic cell line-specific CNVs localized to the IG locus were consistently observed with the 244 K aCGH platform. Among 136 CNAs, gains were found in 1q, 13q, 7q, 8q, 2p, 11q and 15q. Losses were found in 3p, 4p, 4q, 9p, 13q, 6p, 17p, 6q,11pterp13 and 14q12q21.3. Twenty one minimal critical regions (MCR), (range 0.04–71.36 Mb), were delineated in tumors and cell lines. Three MCRs were localized to 1q: 1q21.1q25.2, 1q32.1 et 1q44. The proximal one was mapped to 1q21.1q25.2 with a 6.3 Mb amplicon (1q21.1q21.3) harboring BCA2, BCL9 and PIAS3. Only BCL9 high level transcrit was noted on oligonucleotide microarray gene expression that was done on 15 cells lines. BCL9, was implicated in a LAL B translocation t(1;14)(q21;q32) and it is a member of MYC pathway. The 13q31.3q32.1, 89.58–96.81 Mb MCR contained an amplicon with several genes. The miR-17-92 cluster, upregulated on mirnome analysis that was done on 15 cells lines, is the gene driver of 13q MCR. The miR-17-92 cluster is a member of MYC pathway. The 9p21.3 MCR harbored p16INK4A/p15INK4B locus which is downregulated. MYC activates ARF,a protein encodes by p16INK4A/p15INK4B locus. . On the second part of our work, a 44k aCGH was applied on 17 frozen adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) to delineate with a high resolution the CNA associated with ACC. aCGH results were validated with FISH and/or MLPA. Protein expression was screened with immunohistochemistry analysis. The translocation t(6;9)(q23;p23p24)/ MYB-NFIB recurrent in ACC, was not detected with aCGH. In one case, the der(6)t(6;9) was suspected in the aCGH pattern. There were recurrent gains at 7p15.2, 17q21–25, 22q11–13, and recurrent losses at 1p35, 6q22–25, 8q12–13, 9p21, 12q12–13, and 17p11–13. Thirteen MCR were detected. The recurrent deletion at 8q12.3–13.1 contained miRN124A2 gene, whose product regulates MMP2 and CDK6. The 9p21.3 MCR harbored p16INK4A/p15INK4B locus which was deleted. On 17p11p13, the MCR contained several genes and TP53 was deleted in 2 cases. The MDM2 gene, a member of p16INK4A-ARF-p53 pathway, was amplified and overexpressed in one case. Among the other unique CNAs, gains harbored CCND1, KIT/PDGFRA/KDR, and JAK2. On the third part of this these, a high-resolution 244K aCGH was conducted on 60 frozen lung adenocarcinoma (AD) of never smokers patients in order to establish a catalog of CNA. In 50/60 tumors, fourteen new MCR of gain or loss was noted. One larger MCR of gain contained NSD1.One focal amplification and nine gains contained FUS. NSD1 and FUS are oncogenes hitherto not known to be associated with lung cancer. FUS was over-expressed in 10 tumors with gain of 16p11.2 compared to 30 tumors without that gain. A FUS hsr was observed with FISH screening. FUS was over-expressed in 10 tumors with gain of 16p11.2 compared to 30 tumors without that gain. Other cancer genes present in aberrations included ARNT, BCL9, CDK4, p15INK4B, EGFR, ERBB2, MDM2, MDM4, MET, MYC, NKX2-1 and KRAS
Mourra, Najat. "Analyse des paramètres génétiques de la survenue de métastases hépatiques dans les cancers rectocoliques." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX20695.
Full textThe metabolic syndrome includes a constellation of interrelated factors of metabolic origin which are associated with increased risk cardiovascular disease: insulin-resistance, high glucose, hypertriglyceridemia, high blood pressure and overweight/obesity. The human intervention study LIPGENE was led in a multicentric cohort of 486 volunteers with metabolic syndrome defined by the NCEP-ATPIII criteria. The principal aim is to determine the relative efficacy of reducing dietary SFA consumption, by altering the quality and the quantity of dietary fat, on multiple metabolic and molecular risk factors of the metabolic syndrome. Volunteers were randomly assigned to one of four diets distinct in fat quantity and quality: high-SFA, high-MUFA and two low-fat diets, one supplemented with long chain n-3 PUFA for 12 weeks. Volunteers from eight centres across Europe completed the dietary intervention. Results indicated that compositional targets were largely achieved. A robust, flexible food exchange model was developed and implemented successfully in the LIPGENE pan European intervention study. After the nutritional intervention we observed that the habitual dietary fat composition had a profound effect on markers of insulin sensitivity. We found a hypotriglyceridemic effect of the low fat high carbohydrate diet supplemented with long chain n-3 PUFA. The lipidic profiles of the volunteers were affected by the low fat-high carbohydrate diets. Inflammatory, oxidative stress and fibrinolysis markers were not changed after the nutritional intervention. Ancillary studies were conducted in a Mediterranean sub-cohort. One of them concerned the quantification of circulating microparticles to assess the endothelial dysfunction. We showed that increased levels of various types of microparticles were associated with the mild metabolic abnormalities of MetS and with oxidative stress
Decarpentrie, Fanny. "Etudes de gènes des chromosomes sexuels au cours de la spermatogenèse chez l'homme et la souris et implication dans la fertilite masculine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20684.
Full textSex chromosomes undergo many modifications during spermatogenesis, leading to dramatic variations in the expression levels of their genes. In particular, they are inactivated during meiosis with most genes remain silent throughout spermiogenesis. Our study describes specific alternative transcripts produced by X and Y chromosome genes, whose expression indicates roles in early spermatocytes (meiosis) and in spermatids (spermiogenesis). On the X chromosome, we have shown that three widely transcribed genes, Uba1x, Prdx4, and Atp11c, are reactivated in mouse and human spermatids via an alternative transcript that is expressed mainly in the testis. The Prdx4 gene codes two isoforms of the peroxiredoxin 4 that differ in their N-terminal domain. We have raised antibodies specific for each PRDX4 isoform and demonstrate, in mouse, that the reactivated transcript is translated in spermatids, producing a protein in a distinct cellular compartment from the ubiquitous isoform. Altogether, five mutations, affecting the spermatid-reactivated transcripts uniquely, of UBA1x and PRDX4, have been found specifically in our group of infertile men. On the mouse Y chromosome, we have studied Zfy1 and Zfy2, nearly identical testis specific zinc finger genes with long acidic (activation) domains. Zfy2, but not Zfy1, promotes the apoptotic elimination of spermatocytes with an unpaired X chromosome. We have identified an alternatively spliced transcript of Zfy1 that lacks half the acidic domain, and could explain the functional difference between Zfy1 and Zfy2. In human, the ZFY gene is widely transcribed, but we show that ZFY produces a testis specific variant transcript, encoding the same short acidic domain as Zfy1. Our data indicate that the alternative transcripts predominate in spermatocytes and spermatids, in both human and mouse. This provides the first evidence that human ZFY may play a conserved role during spermatogenesis, and contribute to human male fertility
Pham, Thi Cam Van. "Évaluation de la fréquence des micronoyaux et du potentiel clastogène et/ou aneugène du benzo-a-pyrène suite à une exposition in vitro des lymphocytes humains." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6209.
Full textBenzo-a-pyrene (BaP) is a known human carcinogen, contaminating all spheres of our environment. In human cells, BaP can induce various genotoxic effects on DNA, such as micronuclei (MNs) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs). MNs and CAs are measured in human lymphocytes in vitro exposed to low BaP concentrations, taken from 20 young healthy non-smoking subjects. Following BaP exposure, MN frequency increases significantly and shows a non-linear dose-response curve, suggesting the induction of detoxification process and/or DNA repair. Also, interindividual and sex differences in BaP-induced genotoxic damages are present. CA test shows that chromosome breaks increase significantly in cells exposed to BaP even at low concentrations. Combined to the observed MN frequency increase, our results confirm the clastogenic properties of BaP, as already reported in literature. In addition, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on MN using a pancentromeric probe is done to assess MN content. FISH reveals that most BaP-induced MNs contain centromeres, and specifically three or more centromeres. This difference is significant when compared to the unexposed condition, and suggest presence of an aneugenic effect. Clastogenic effect of BaP is associated with initiation step of carcinogenesis, while the aneugenic effect would link it with cancer progression. These results could be particularly important because exposure to BaP and other member of its chemical class usually last for decades (smoking, air pollution, etc.), and need to be confirm in future studies.