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Journal articles on the topic 'Chromosome pairing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Jones, G. H., J. A. F. Whitehorn, and S. M. Albini. "Ultrastructure of meiotic pairing in B chromosomes of Crepis capillaris. I. One-B and two-B pollen mother cells." Genome 32, no. 4 (1989): 611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-489.

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Chromosome pairing of a small metacentric B chromosome in Crepis capillaris has been studied by synaptonemal complex surface spreading of pollen mother cells containing either one or two B chromosomes. The B-chromosome axis, on average, represents about 8.7% of the axis length of the standard A-chromosome set, which is less than the corresponding values for DNA content (10.6%) and mitotic chromosome volume (13.6%). Single B chromosomes commonly undergo fold-back pairing to give a symmetrical hairpin loop, which supports earlier suggestions that this B chromosome is an isochromosome. Two B chro

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2

Charpentier, A., M. Feldman, and Y. Cauderon. "The effect of different Agropyron elongatum chromosomes on pairing in Agropyron – common wheat hybrids." Genome 30, no. 6 (1988): 978–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g88-155.

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Chromosome pairing at first meiotic metaphase was studied in hybrids between the common wheat cultivar Chinese Spring (CS) and an induced autotetraploid line derived from diploid Agropyron elongatum. The latter was found to carry genes for homoeologous pairing. To determine the chromosomal location of these and other genes that control pairing, disomic addition lines of A. elongatum in the cv. Chinese Spring were crossed with tetraploid cytotypes of A. elongatum, and pairing was then compared in the resulting hybrids and in hybrids between cv. Chinese Spring and tetraploid A. elongatum. The el

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3

Dvořák, Jan. "Chromosomal distribution of genes in diploid Elytrigia elongata that promote or suppress pairing of wheat homoeologous chromosomes." Genome 29, no. 1 (1987): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g87-006.

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Triticum aestivum L. lines with added or substituted chromosomes of Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski were hybridized with Hordeum bulbosum L. to obtain haploids and with Triticum urartu Thum. to obtain interspecific hybrids. Chromosome pairing at metaphase I was investigated in the resulting haploids and hybrids and the parental addition and substitution lines. Genes that promoted pairing of homologous or homoeologous chromosomes were found on chromosome arms 3ES, 3EL, 4ES, 5Ep, and chromosome 6E of E. elongata. Genes that suppressed pairing of homoeologous chromosomes were found on chromosome

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4

Marec, František, and Walther Traut. "Sex chromosome pairing and sex chromatin bodies in W–Z translocation strains of Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera)." Genome 37, no. 3 (1994): 426–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g94-060.

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Structure and pairing behavior of sex chromosomes in females of four T(W;Z) lines of the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella, were investigated using light and electron microscopic techniques and compared with the wild type. In light microscopic preparations of pachytene oocytes of wild-type females, the WZ bivalent stands out by its heterochromatic W chromosome strand. In T(W;Z) females, the part of the Z chromosome that was translated onto the W chromosome was demonstrated as a distal segment of the neo-W chromosome, displaying a characteristic non-W chromosomal chromomere–interchr

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5

Ganeva, G., and B. Bochev. "Effect of nullisomy for D-genome chromosomes and chromosome 5B on the cytological characteristics of pentaploid Triticum aestivum × T. dicoccoides hybrids." Genome 29, no. 2 (1987): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g87-039.

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The effect of nullisomy for D-genome chromosomes and chromosome 5B on the meiotic behaviour of pollen mother cell chromosomes of pentaploid F1 hybrids of Triticum aestivum (cv. Bezostaya 1) × T. dicoccoides (Körn) was studied. The functional ability of female gametes with diverse chromosome constitution and the frequency of their inheritance in BC1 was assessed. Absence of individual T. aestivum D-genome chromosomes had a specific effect on meiotic chromosome pairing. The genetic systems involving chromosome 5B of the two species did not have the same effect on homologous and homoeologous chro

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6

Surosky, R. T., and B. K. Tye. "Meiotic disjunction of homologs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is directed by pairing and recombination of the chromosome arms but not by pairing of the centromeres." Genetics 119, no. 2 (1988): 273–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/119.2.273.

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Abstract We explored the behavior of meiotic chromosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by examining the effects of chromosomal rearrangements on the pattern of disjunction and recombination of chromosome III during meiosis. The segregation of deletion chromosomes lacking part or all (telocentric) of one arm was analyzed in the presence of one or two copies of a normal chromosome III. In strains containing one normal and any one deletion chromosome, the two chromosomes disjoined in most meioses. In strains with one normal chromosome and both a left and right arm telocentric chromosome, the two te

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7

Adler, I. D., R. Johannisson, and H. Winking. "The influence of the Robertsonian translocation Rb(X.2)2Ad on anaphase I non-disjunction in male laboratory mice." Genetical Research 53, no. 2 (1989): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300027944.

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SummaryA Robertsonian translocation in the mouse between theXchromosome and chromosome 2 is described. The male and female carriers of the Rb(X.2)2Ad were fertile. A homozygous/hemizygous line was maintained. The influence of theX-autosomal Robertsonian translocation on anaphase I non-disjunction in male mice was studied by chromosome counts in cells at metaphase II of meoisis and by assessment of aneuploid progeny. The results conclusively show that the inclusion of Rb2Ad in the male genome induces non-disjunction at the first meoitic division. In second metaphase cells the frequency of sex-c

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8

Kota, Rama S., Patrick E. McGuire, and Jan Dvořák. "LATENT NONSTRUCTURAL DIFFERENTIATION AMONG HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES AT THE DIPLOID LEVEL: CHROMOSOME 6Be OF AEGILOPS LONGISSIMA." Genetics 114, no. 2 (1986): 579–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/114.2.579.

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ABSTRACT Previous work has shown that chromosome pairing at metaphase I (MI) of wheat homologous chromosomes from different inbred lines (heterohomologous chromosomes) is reduced relative to that between homologous chromosomes within an inbred line (euhomologous chromosomes). In order to determine if a potential for this phenomenon exists in diploid species closely related to the wheat B genome, MI chromosome pairing was investigated between euhomologous and heterohomologous 6Be (=6Se) chromosomes, each from a different population of Aegilops longissima Schweinf. et Muschl. (2n = 2x = 14) subs

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9

Attia, T., and G. Röbbelen. "Cytogenetic relationship within cultivated Brassica analyzed in amphihaploids from the three diploid ancestors." Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 28, no. 3 (1986): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g86-048.

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To investigate the factors controlling evolutionary differentiation within the genus Brassica, chromosome pairing in amphihaploids from crosses between the three elementary diploid species B. campestris (AA), B. oleracea (CC), and B. nigra (BB) was analyzed. The amphihaploid AC showed a high amount of pairing, while the two amphihaploids AB and BC, both including the genome of B. nigra, exhibited only low degrees of chromosome association. By the occurrence of tetra- and penta-valents, auto- as well as allo-syndetic pairing was demonstrated to exist in the AC amphihaploid. True homologous pair

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10

Scherthan, H., J. Bähler, and J. Kohli. "Dynamics of chromosome organization and pairing during meiotic prophase in fission yeast." Journal of Cell Biology 127, no. 2 (1994): 273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.127.2.273.

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Interactions between homologous chromosomes (pairing, recombination) are of central importance for meiosis. We studied entire chromosomes and defined chromosomal subregions in synchronous meiotic cultures of Schizosaccharomyces pombe by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Probes of different complexity were applied to spread nuclei, to delineate whole chromosomes, to visualize repeated sequences of centromeres, telomeres, and ribosomal DNA, and to study unique sequences of different chromosomal regions. In diploid nuclei, homologous chromosomes share a joint territory even before entry into me

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11

Naranjo, Tomás. "Finding the Correct Partner: The Meiotic Courtship." Scientifica 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.6064/2012/509073.

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Homologous chromosomes are usually separated at the entrance of meiosis; how they become paired is one of the outstanding mysteries of the meiotic process. Reduction of spacing between homologues makes possible the occurrence of chromosomal interactions leading to homology detection and the formation of bivalents. In many organisms, telomere-led chromosome movements are generated that bring homologues together. Additional movements produced by chromatin conformational changes at early meiosis may also facilitate homologous contacts. Organisms used in the study of meiosis show a surprising vari

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12

Garriga-Calderé, F., D. J. Huigen, E. Jacobsen, and M. S. Ramanna. "Prospects for introgressing tomato chromosomes into the potato genome: An assessment through GISH analysis." Genome 42, no. 2 (1999): 282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g98-125.

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With a view to assess the possibility of homoeologous pairing and crossing-over between the chromosomes of potato (Solanum tuberosum) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), a somatic fusion hybrid and two monosomic alien tomato addition genotypes were investigated through genomic in situ hybridisation (GISH). The somatic fusion hybrid, C31-17-51, was near hexaploid (2n = 6x - 4 = 68) possessing 46 potato chromosomes + 20 tomato chromosomes + 2 translocated chromosomes. The two alien addition genotypes were near tetraploids (2n = 4x + 1 = 49) and consisted of monosomic alien additions for tomato

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13

Morgan, W. G. "Chromosome pairing in triploid hybrids and amphidiploids involving Lolium and diploid Festuca species." Genome 33, no. 4 (1990): 472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g90-070.

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Chromosome homology between Lolium and Festuca complements are assessed in triploid and tetraploid hybrids with variable doses of the different diploid genomes. In general, the chromosome pairing observed in the triploid hybrid gave a better prediction of the meiotic behaviour of the tetraploid amphidiploids than that found in the diploid hybrids. Differences in chromosome size between the complements allowed the precise identification of the chromosomes in chiasmate associations and there was evidence that most chromosome pairing was between homologues. In the triploid hybrids, associations b

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14

Curtis, C. A., A. J. Lukaszewski, and M. Chrzastek. "Metaphase I pairing of deficient chromosomes and genetic mapping of deficiency breakpoints in common wheat." Genome 34, no. 4 (1991): 553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-085.

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Metaphase I pairing of deficient chromosomes was analyzed in a set of 'Chinese Spring' (CS) wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) plants with varying lengths of deficiencies in the long arm of chromosome 4A (6, 8, 11, 17, 23, 34, 36, 39, and 50% missing), the long arm of chromosome 5B (49% missing), and the long arm of chromosome 2B (33% missing). Pairing in homologous chromosomes between deficient and complete arms was greatly reduced even by small differences in arm length. In deficiency homozygotes and in an isochromosome derived from a deficient 4AL arm, pairing of the two deficient arms

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15

Wu, Rongling, Maria Gallo-Meagher, Ramon C. Littell, and Zhao-Bang Zeng. "A General Polyploid Model for Analyzing Gene Segregation in Outcrossing Tetraploid Species." Genetics 159, no. 2 (2001): 869–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/159.2.869.

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Abstract Polyploidy has played an important role in higher plant evolution and applied plant breeding. Polyploids are commonly categorized as allopolyploids resulting from the increase of chromosome number through hybridization and subsequent chromosome doubling or autopolyploids due to chromosome doubling of the same genome. Allopolyploids undergo bivalent pairing at meiosis because only homologous chromosomes pair. For autopolyploids, however, all homologous chromosomes can pair at the same time so that multivalents and, therefore, double reductions are formed. In this article, we use a maxi

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16

Miller, T. E., and S. M. Reader. "The effect of increased dosage of wheat chromosomes on chromosome pairing and an analysis of the chiasma frequencies of individual wheat bivalents." Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 27, no. 4 (1985): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g85-062.

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By crossing the 'Chinese Spring' wheat tetrasomic series with rye, 21 different hybrid genotypes were produced, each with a single different homologous pair of wheat chromosomes. These hybrids enable the effect on chromosome pairing to be assessed for an extra dose of each of the 21 chromosomes. Significant effects were observed with eight of the chromosomes. Chiasma frequencies for each of the 21 pairs of chromosomes were also studied and the differences between the chromosomes were reported. The correlation between chromosome pairing and chiasma formation and chiasma frequency differences be

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17

Chriss, Ariana, G. Valentin Börner, and Shawn D. Ryan. "Agent-based modeling of nuclear chromosome ensemble identifies determinants of homolog pairing during meiosis." PLOS Computational Biology 20, no. 5 (2024): e1011416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011416.

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During meiosis, pairing of homologous chromosomes (homologs) ensures the formation of haploid gametes from diploid precursor cells, a prerequisite for sexual reproduction. Pairing during meiotic prophase I facilitates crossover recombination and homolog segregation during the ensuing reductional cell division. Mechanisms that ensure stable homolog alignment in the presence of an excess of non-homologous chromosomes have remained elusive, but rapid chromosome movements during prophase I appear to play a role in the process. Apart from homolog attraction, provided by early intermediates of homol

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18

Ceoloni, C., I. Strauss, and M. Feldman. "Effect of different doses of group-2 chromosomes on homoeologous pairing in intergeneric wheat hybrids." Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 28, no. 2 (1986): 240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g86-033.

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While an extra dose of chromosome 2A of common wheat, previously reported to carry a pairing promoter on its short arm, did not increase pairing between homoeologous chromosomes in F1 hybrids between common wheat cv. Chinese Spring (CS) and Aegilops variabilis, two doses of chromosome 2D or 2B caused a significant increase in homoeologous pairing. Evidently, chromosomes 2D and 2B carry a pairing promoter(s). Studies of F1 hybrids between aneuploids of CS, either deficient for chromosome 2D or having it in an extra dose, and Ae. variabilis, Ae. longissima, and Secale cereale supported the findi

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19

Sethi, G. S., R. A. Finch, and T. E. Miller. "A bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) × cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare) hybrid with homoeologous chromosome pairing." Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 28, no. 5 (1986): 777–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g86-109.

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Triticum aestivum 'Chinese Spring' mutant ph1b lacking the major wheat homoeologous pairing prevention gene was pollinated with Hordeum vulgare line 'Tuleen 346,' a triple interchange homozygote with all chromosomes distinct from one another. Two wheat-like hybrids, one with 28 and one with 31 chromosomes, were produced. Homoeologous chromosome pairing occurred in the hybrids, but no evidence of interspecific chromosome pairing was observed. Both hybrids were sterile, but pollination of the 28-chromosome hybrid with 'Chinese Spring' pollen gave a few seeds. Within the F1 hybrids, chromosome nu

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20

Tian, Miao, Christiane Agreiter, and Josef Loidl. "Spatial constraints on chromosomes are instrumental to meiotic pairing." Journal of Cell Science 133, no. 22 (2020): jcs253724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.253724.

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ABSTRACTIn most eukaryotes, the meiotic chromosomal bouquet (comprising clustered chromosome ends) provides an ordered chromosome arrangement that facilitates pairing and recombination between homologous chromosomes. In the protist Tetrahymena thermophila, the meiotic prophase nucleus stretches enormously, and chromosomes assume a bouquet-like arrangement in which telomeres and centromeres are attached to opposite poles of the nucleus. We have identified and characterized three meiosis-specific genes [meiotic nuclear elongation 1-3 (MELG1-3)] that control nuclear elongation, and centromere and

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21

Daish, Tasman, Aaron Casey, and Frank Grützner. "Platypus chain reaction: directional and ordered meiotic pairing of the multiple sex chromosome chain in Ornithorhynchus anatinus." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 8 (2009): 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd09085.

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Monotremes are phylogenetically and phenotypically unique animals with an unusually complex sex chromosome system that is composed of ten chromosomes in platypus and nine in echidna. These chromosomes are alternately linked (X1Y1, X2Y2, …) at meiosis via pseudoautosomal regions and segregate to form spermatozoa containing either X or Y chromosomes. The physical and epigenetic mechanisms involved in pairing and assembly of the complex sex chromosome chain in early meiotic prophase I are completely unknown. We have analysed the pairing dynamics of specific sex chromosome pseudoautosomal regions

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22

Falk, Raphael, Ana Rahat, and Shula Baker. "Segregation of centric Y-autosome translocations in Drosophila melanogaster: II. Segregation determinants in females." Genetical Research 45, no. 1 (1985): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300021960.

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SummaryThis is a study of the chromosomal segregation patterns in females of 15 Experimental stocks of Drosophila melanogaster, each carrying one element of a T (Y; 2) with a centric break-point. In each Experimental stock the relative frequency of all eight possible meiotic configurations of four relevant chromosomal elements was followed: an attached-X chromosome, a multiply-inverted chromosome 2, a free arm of chromosome 2, and a half-translocation element. Although the 15 translocation elements were broken at different sites, there were no basic differences among the Experimental stocks in

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23

Armstrong, K. C. "Chromosome pairing failure in an intersectional amphiploid of Bromus altissimus × B. arvensis." Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 27, no. 6 (1985): 705–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g85-105.

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An intersectional F1 hybrid between Bromus arvensis and B. altissimus was made with the aid of embryo culture. The hybrid nature of the F1 and the amphiploid were confirmed by karyotyping root-tip cells. Following Giemsa banding, the chromosomes of B. arvensis stained darker than those of B. altissimus. Very little chromosome pairing was observed in the F1 hybrid (11.60 I + 1.08 II + 0.10 III). Chromosome pairing in the amphiploid (2n = 28) varied from almost complete pairing to very little pairing in different samples. The chromosome pairing indicated that very little homology exists between

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24

Jauhar, Prem P., M. Doğramaci, and T. S. Peterson. "Synthesis and cytological characterization of trigeneric hybrids of durum wheat with and without Ph1." Genome 47, no. 6 (2004): 1173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g04-082.

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Wild grasses in the tribe Triticeae, some in the primary or secondary gene pool of wheat, are excellent reservoirs of genes for superior agronomic traits, including resistance to various diseases. Thus, the diploid wheatgrasses Thinopyrum bessarabicum (Savul. and Rayss) Á. Löve (2n = 2x = 14; JJ genome) and Lophopyrum elongatum (Host) Á. Löve (2n = 2x = 14; EE genome) are important sources of genes for disease resistance, e.g., Fusarium head blight resistance that may be transferred to wheat. By crossing fertile amphidiploids (2n = 4x = 28; JJEE) developed from F1 hybrids of the 2 diploid spec

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Williams, C. E., S. M. Wielgus, G. T. Haberlach, C. Guenther, H. Kim-Lee, and J. P. Helgeson. "RFLP analysis of chromosomal segregation in progeny from an interspecific hexaploid somatic hybrid between Solanum brevidens and Solanum tuberosum." Genetics 135, no. 4 (1993): 1167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/135.4.1167.

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Abstract Segregation of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) loci was monitored to determine the degree of homeologous pairing and recombination in a hexaploid somatic hybrid, A206, the result of protoplast fusion between Solanum tuberosum (PI 203900, a tetraploid cultivated potato) and Solanum brevidens (PI 218228), a diploid, sexually incompatible, distant relative harboring several traits for disease resistance. Somatic hybrid A206 was crossed to Katahdin, a tetraploid potato cultivar, to generate a segregating population of pentaploid progeny. Although the clones of the tetraplo

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26

Scherthan, H., S. Weich, H. Schwegler, C. Heyting, M. Härle, and T. Cremer. "Centromere and telomere movements during early meiotic prophase of mouse and man are associated with the onset of chromosome pairing." Journal of Cell Biology 134, no. 5 (1996): 1109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.134.5.1109.

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The preconditions and early steps of meiotic chromosome pairing were studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with chromosome-specific DNA probes to mouse and human testis tissue sections. Premeiotic pairing of homologous chromosomes was not detected in spermatogonia of the two species. FISH with centromere- and telomere-specific DNA probes in combination with immunostaining (IS) of synaptonemal complex (SC) proteins to testis sections of prepuberal mice at days 4-12 post partum was performed to study sequentially the meiotic pairing process. Movements of centromeres and then telom

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27

Goldway, M., T. Arbel, and G. Simchen. "Meiotic nondisjunction and recombination of chromosome III and homologous fragments in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Genetics 133, no. 2 (1993): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/133.2.149.

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Abstract A yeast strain, in which nondisjunction of chromosome III at the first meiotic division could be assayed, was constructed. Using chromosome fragmentation plasmids, chromosomal fragments (CFs) were derived in isogenic strains from six sites along chromosome III and one site on chromosome VII. Whereas the presence of the CFs derived from chromosome III increased considerably the meiosis I nondisjunction of that chromosome, the CF derived from chromosome VII had no effect on chromosome III segregation. The effects of the chromosome III-derived fragments were not linearly related to fragm

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28

Alleva, Benjamin, Nathan Balukoff, Amy Peiper, and Sarit Smolikove. "Regulating chromosomal movement by the cochaperone FKB-6 ensures timely pairing and synapsis." Journal of Cell Biology 216, no. 2 (2017): 393–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201606126.

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In meiotic prophase I, homologous chromosome pairing is promoted through chromosome movement mediated by nuclear envelope proteins, microtubules, and dynein. After proper homologue pairing has been established, the synaptonemal complex (SC) assembles along the paired homologues, stabilizing their interaction and allowing for crossing over to occur. Previous studies have shown that perturbing chromosome movement leads to pairing defects and SC polycomplex formation. We show that FKB-6 plays a role in SC assembly and is required for timely pairing and proper double-strand break repair kinetics.

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29

Jordan, P. "Initiation of homologous chromosome pairing during meiosis." Biochemical Society Transactions 34, no. 4 (2006): 545–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0340545.

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Following pre-meiotic DNA replication, homologous chromosomes must be paired and become tightly linked to ensure reductional segregation during meiosis I. Therefore initiation of homologous chromosome pairing is vital for meiosis to proceed correctly. A number of factors contribute to the initiation of homologous chromosome pairing including telomere and centromere dynamics, pairing centres, checkpoint proteins and components of the axial element. The present review briefly summarizes recent progress in our understanding of initiation of homologous chromosome pairing during meiosis and discuss

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Leggett, J. M. "Interspecific hybrids involving the perennial oat species Avena macrostachya." Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 27, no. 1 (1985): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g85-006.

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The chromosome pairing affinities and some morphological comparisons are described in two hybrids involving the autotetraploid perennial oat species Avena macrostachya, the hexaploid cultivated oat species Avena sativa, and the tetraploid oat Avena murphyi. Chromosome pairing in the hybrids indicates that some homology between the chromosomes of the three species exists, but that it may be masked by the preferential pairing of the chromosomes from the A. macrostachya parent.Key words: Avena, meiosis, hybridization, phylogeny.

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Apte, Manasi S., and Victoria H. Meller. "Homologue Pairing in Flies and Mammals: Gene Regulation When Two Are Involved." Genetics Research International 2012 (December 22, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/430587.

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Chromosome pairing is usually discussed in the context of meiosis. Association of homologues in germ cells enables chromosome segregation and is necessary for fertility. A few organisms, such as flies, also pair their entire genomes in somatic cells. Most others, including mammals, display little homologue pairing outside of the germline. Experimental evidence from both flies and mammals suggests that communication between homologues contributes to normal genome regulation. This paper will contrast the role of pairing in transmitting information between homologues in flies and mammals. In mamm

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Bernardo, Angeles, Martin Montero, Angeles Cuadrado, and Nicolás Jouve. "Image analysis of C-banded chromosomes and pairing regionalization in wheat." Genome 35, no. 6 (1992): 1062–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g92-163.

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C-banding and image analysis are used to characterize nine somatic chromosomes of wheat and to quantify a series of physical parameters (arm length, heterochromatic band intensity and position) in tetraploid Triticum turgidum and hexaploid T. aestivum wheat. The arm-by-arm meiotic association of the chromosomes at first meiotic metaphase is evaluated with respect to these parameters and genetic pairing regulators. The effect of the genetic factors is analyzed comparatively in homozygous lines or both normal and mutant lines (Ph1/Ph1, ph1a/ph1a, ph1b/ph1b, and ph1c/ph1c) and in aneuploids (dite

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McKim, K. S., K. Peters, and A. M. Rose. "Two types of sites required for meiotic chromosome pairing in Caenorhabditis elegans." Genetics 134, no. 3 (1993): 749–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/134.3.749.

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Abstract Previous studies have shown that isolated portions of Caenorhabditis elegans chromosomes are not equally capable of meiotic exchange. These results led to the proposal that a homolog recognition region (HRR), defined as the region containing those sequences enabling homologous chromosomes to pair and recombine, is localized near one end of each chromosome. Using translocations and duplications we have localized the chromosome I HRR to the right end. Whereas the other half of chromosome I did not confer any ability for homologs to pair and recombine, deficiencies in this region dominan

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34

Attia, T., and G. Röbbelen. "Meiotic pairing in haploids and amphidiploids of spontaneous versus synthetic origin in rape, Brassica napus L." Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 28, no. 3 (1986): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g86-049.

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Newly resynthesized AC amphihaploids, which were characterized by high meiotic pairing and multivalent formulation, after doubling of their chromosome number showed preferential pairing and bivalent formation in the resynthesized amphidiploid Brassica napus (AACC). However, univalents as well as multivalents were also formed indicating that their chromosome behaviour was not fully diploidized. Stabilization of chromosome pairing in newly resynthesized amphidiploids can be achieved through genetic control or structural modification of the homoeologous chromosomes. A comparison of the meiotic be

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35

Scholz, Margret, and Galina Pendinen. "The Effect of Homoeologous Meiotic Pairing in Tetraploid Hordeum bulbosum L. × H. vulgare L. Hybrids on Alien Introgressions in Offspring." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 150, no. 2 (2016): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000455141.

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The pairing behaviour of the individual chromosome arms of Hordeum vulgare (Hv) with their homoeologous arms of H. bulbosum (Hb) at metaphase I of meiosis in tetraploid Hb × Hv hybrids and the frequencies of recombined Hv chromosome arms in selfed offspring were studied on differentially visualized chromosomes after fluorescent in situ hybridisation. The frequencies of paired Hv-Hb arms in the F2 and F3 hybrids were correlated with the frequencies of recombined Hv chromosomes in progenies. Self-generation of hybrids, the number of Hv and Hb chromosomes, and the number of recombined Hv chromoso

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36

Korzun, V., A. Börner, R. Siebert, et al. "Chromosomal location and genetic mapping of the mismatch repair gene homologs MSH2, MSH3, and MSH6 in rye and wheat." Genome 42, no. 6 (1999): 1255–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g99-081.

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The efficiency of homeologous recombination is influenced by mismatch repair genes in bacteria, yeast, and mammals. To elucidate a possible role of these genes in homeologous pairing and cross-compatibility in plants, gene probes of wheat (Triticum aestivum) specific for the mismatch repair gene homologues MSH2, MSH3, and MSH6 were used to map them to their genomic positions in rye (Secale cereale). Whereas MSH2 was mapped to the short arm of chromosome 1R, MSH3 was mapped to the long arm of chromosome 2R and MSH6 to the long arm of chromosome 5R. Southern blots with nullisomic-tetrasomic (NT)

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37

Zhong, Gan-Yuan, Patrick E. Mcguire, Calvin O. Qualset, and Jan Dvořák. "Cytological and molecular characterization of a Triticum aestivum × Lophopyrum ponticum backcross derivative resistant to barley yellow dwarf." Genome 37, no. 5 (1994): 876–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g94-124.

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Barley yellow dwarf is the most damaging virus-caused disease in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A resistant line, SW335.1.2-13-11-1-5 (2n = 47), derived from a cross of T. aestivum × Lophopyrum ponticum was characterized by meiotic chromosome pairing, by in situ DNA hybridization and by expression of molecular markers to determine its chromosome constitution. All progeny of this line had three pairs of L. ponticum chromosomes from homoeologous chromosome groups 3, 5, and 6 and the 2n = 47 progeny had an additional L. ponticum monosome. The pairs from groups 3 and 6 were in the added state

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38

Lukaszewski, Adam J., Barbara Apolinarska, J. Perry Gustafson, and K. D. Krolow. "Chromosome pairing and aneuploidy in tetraploid triticale. I. Stabilized karyotypes." Genome 29, no. 4 (1987): 554–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g87-093.

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Among 38 lines of tetraploid triticale analyzed at meiosis, the number of paired arms per rye chromosome ranged from 1.14 to 1.76 and from 1.46 to 1.96 per wheat chromosome. The frequency of cells without univalents ranged from 22 to 90%. Pairing frequencies within rye and wheat genomes were correlated in all groups of lines. Lines without wheat chromosome 3B showed reduced pairing in both genomes, while lines with an additional pair of 5R chromosomes substituted for group-5 wheat chromosomes showed improved pairing of the rye genome but not of the wheat genome. In the rye genome, the chromoso

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39

Heneen, W. K., and R. B. Jørgensen. "Cytology, RAPD, and seed colour of progeny plants from Brassica rapa-alboglabra aneuploids and development of monosomic addition lines." Genome 44, no. 6 (2001): 1007–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g01-095.

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Progeny plants from Brassica rapa-alboglabra aneuploids were characterized genetically by scoring random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and seed colour and cytologically as to chromosome number and pairing. Sets of RAPD markers specific for each of the encountered eight alien Brassica alboglabra chromosomes were defined. The finding of subsets of markers associated with the presence or absence of alien chromosomes inferred the frequent occurrence of intergenomic genetic recombination and introgression. The chromosome numbers were in the range 2n = 2028, with a maximum of seven alien

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Naranjo, T., A. Roca, P. G. Goicoechea, and R. Giraldez. "Arm homoeology of wheat and rye chromosomes." Genome 29, no. 6 (1987): 873–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g87-149.

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Meiotic pairing was studied at metaphase I in three different cv. Chinese Spring × rye hybrid combinations (5B deficient, 3D deficient, and normal ABDR) to establish the arm homoeology of wheat and rye chromosomes. The majority of individual wheat chromosomes and their arms, as well as the arms of chromosomes 1R and 5R, were identified by means of C-banding. The results on pairing relationships support the genome reallocation of chromosomes 4A and 4B. The short arms of wheat chromosomes belonging to homoeologous groups 1, 3, 5, and 6 and of chromosome pairs 4A–4D and 7A–7D showed full pairing

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41

Navarro, Erik J., Wallace F. Marshall, and Jennifer C. Fung. "Modeling cell biological features of meiotic chromosome pairing to study interlock resolution." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 6 (2022): e1010252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010252.

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During meiosis, homologous chromosomes become associated side by side in a process known as homologous chromosome pairing. Pairing requires long range chromosome motion through a nucleus that is full of other chromosomes. It remains unclear how the cell manages to align each pair of chromosomes quickly while mitigating and resolving interlocks. Here, we use a coarse-grained molecular dynamics model to investigate how specific features of meiosis, including motor-driven telomere motion, nuclear envelope interactions, and increased nuclear size, affect the rate of pairing and the mitigation/reso

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42

Jauhar, Prem P. "Hybrid between durum wheat and diploid Thinopyrum bessarabicum." Genome 34, no. 2 (1991): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-045.

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Gross morphological features and chromosome association of the first triploid intergeneric hybrid (2n = 3x = 21; ABJ genomes) between durum wheat, Triticum turgidum L. (2n = 4x = 28; AABB), and diploid wheatgrass, Thinopyrum bessarabicum (Savul. &Rayss) A. Löve (2n = 2x = 14; JJ), are described. Genome relationships are assessed in the presence of the pairing homoeologous gene, Ph1. The hybrid was intermediate in phenotype between the two parents. It inherited the tillering habit, perennial growth habit, and glaucous leaves and stems from the male Thinopyrum parent; spike density and awns

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Attia, T., C. Busso, and G. Röbbelen. "Digenomic triploids for an assessment of chromosome relationships in the cultivated diploid Brassica species." Genome 29, no. 2 (1987): 326–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g87-053.

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To assess the chromosomal relationships in the cultivated diploid Brassica species, four digenomic triploid combinations were synthesized and meiotically analyzed. Two of the four digenomic combinations contained the B genome of B. nigra, one with two (BC.B) and the other with only one B genome (C.BC). In these combinations preferential pairing between the two homologous genomes with the third single genome was predominant. Since gene actions suppressing pairing between chromosomes of related genomes had not been proven to exist in Brassica, this phenomenon is assumed to be conditioned by stru

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44

Jouve, N., J. M. Gonzalez, A. Fominaya, and E. Ferrer. "The analysis of meiosis of the B genome in common wheat." Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 27, no. 1 (1985): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g85-004.

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Two intervarietal hybrids of common wheat, Triticum aestivum L., are meiotically analyzed using the C-banding staining method. The C-banding pattern of nine meiotic chromosomes (4A, 7A, and the seven of the B genome) permitted their unequivocal recognition at first metaphase plates. The pairing frequency of each B-genome chromosome arm was scored. Data on the pairing frequency of the arms, separately considered, are applied to calculate expected pairing of whole chromosomes and whole genomes. The application of mathematical models to predict the genome pairing using either equal or different f

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Kim, N. S., K. C. Armstrong, G. Fedak, K. Ho, and N. I. Park. "A microsatellite sequence from the rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea) distinguishes between the centromeres of Hordeum vulgare and H. bulbosum in hybrid plants." Genome 45, no. 1 (2002): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g01-129.

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A TC/AG-repeat microsatellite sequence derived from the rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea) hybridized to all of the centromeres of Hordeum vulgare chromosomes, but hybridized faintly or not at all to the chromosomes of Hordeum bulbosum. Using this H. vulgare centromere-specific probe, the chromosomes of four F1 hybrids between H. vulgare and H. bulbosum were analyzed. The chromosome constitution in the root tips of the hybrids was mosaic, i.e., 7 (7v, H. vulgare) and 14 (7v + 7b H. bulbosum), or 14 (7v + 7b) and 27 (14v + 13b), or 7 (7v), 14 (7v + 7b), and 27 (14v + 13b). The 27-chromosome

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Penner, G. A., E. R. Kerber, and E. N. Larter. "The differentiation between chromosome 7D of Triticum aestivum cv. Canthatch and Triticum tauschii as measured by chromosome pairing." Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 28, no. 3 (1986): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g86-056.

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Disomic substitution stocks in which chromosome 7D of Triticum aestivum cv. Canthatch was replaced by the corresponding homologous chromosome of each of four varieties of Triticum tauschii were crossed with 'Canthatch' to investigate the degree of differentiation for this chromosome between these two species. These disomic substitutions were also crossed with a 'Canthatch' plant double monotelosomic for chromosome 7D. Three double telotrisomics were produced, one of which had the complete 7D chromosome derived from 'Canthatch', one had 7D derived from the T. tauschii var. typica, and one had 7

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47

Schlegel, R., A. Boerner, V. Thiele, and G. Melz. "The effect of the Ph1 gene in diploid rye, Secale cereale L." Genome 34, no. 6 (1991): 913–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-140.

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Experimental results demonstrated clearly that the dominant Ph1 allele of chromosome 5B of wheat affects the homologous pairing of rye chromosomes. A rye-wheat monotelosomic 5BL addition line was produced and used for meiotic studies. Compared with 14-chromosome control plants, the 5BL addition to rye causes an increase in univalents and rod bivalent formation, i.e., a significant reduction of chiasma frequency (11.21 chiasmata per pollen mother cell). The 5BL telosome itself does not associate with any of the rye chromosomes. Thus, the double dosage of 5BL, present in hexaploid or octoploid t

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Hollingsworth, N. M., and B. Byers. "HOP1: a yeast meiotic pairing gene." Genetics 121, no. 3 (1989): 445–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/121.3.445.

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Abstract The recessive mutation, hop1-1, was isolated by use of a screen designed to detect mutations defective in homologous chromosomal pairing during meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutants in HOP1 displayed decreased levels of meiotic crossing over and intragenic recombination between markers on homologous chromosomes. In contrast, assays of the hop1-1 mutation in a spo13-1 haploid disomic for chromosome III demonstrated that intrachromosomal recombination between directly duplicated sequences was unaffected. The spores produced by SPO13 diploids homozygous for hop1 were largely invia

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49

Briscoe, Albert, and John E. Tomkiel. "Chromosomal Position Effects Reveal Different cis-Acting Requirements for rDNA Transcription and Sex Chromosome Pairing in Drosophila melanogaster." Genetics 155, no. 3 (2000): 1195–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/155.3.1195.

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Abstract In Drosophila melanogaster, the rDNA loci function in ribosome biogenesis and nucleolar formation and also as sex chromosome pairing sites in male meiosis. These activities are not dependent on the heterochromatic location of the rDNA, because euchromatic transgenes are competent to form nucleoli and restore pairing to rDNA-deficient X chromosomes. These transgene studies, however, do not address requirements for the function of the endogenous rDNA loci within the heterochromatin. Here we describe two chromosome rearrangements that disrupt rDNA functions. Both rearrangements are trans

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Balyan, H. S., and G. Fedak. "Suppression of homologous pairing between chromosomes of A and B genomes of 4x and 6x wheats by Hordeum californicum Covas and Stebbins." Genome 30, no. 1 (1988): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g88-002.

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Three hybrids of Triticum turgidum cv. Ma with Hordeum californicum × T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring amphiploid were obtained at a frequency of 1.6% of the pollinated florets. Meiotic analysis of the hybrid plants revealed an average chiasma frequency per pollen mother cell ranging from 15.27 to 17.60. The lower than expected chromosome pairing in the hybrid plants was attributed to the suppression of pairing between homologous wheat chromosomes by pairing regulatory gene(s) in H. californicum.Key words: intergeneric hybrids, Hordeum californicum, Triticum turgidum, meiosis, chromosome pairing

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