Journal articles: 'Chronic diseases – Ethiopia – Tigray'

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Ajemu, Kiros Fenta, Abraham Aregay Desta, Asfawosen Aregay Berhe, et al. "Magnitude, components and predictors of metabolic syndrome in Northern Ethiopia: Evidences from regional NCDs STEPS survey, 2016." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (2021): e0253317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253317.

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Background Individuals with metabolic syndrome are five times more susceptible to chronic diseases. Assessment of its magnitude, components, and risk factors is essentials to deploy visible interventions needed to avoid further complications. The study aimed to assess magnitude, components, and predictors of metabolic syndrome in Tigray region northern Ethiopia, 2016. Methods Data were reviewed from Tigray region NCDs STEPs survey data base between May to June 2016. A total of 1476 adults aged 18–64 years were enrolled for the study. Multi-variable regression analysis was performed to estimate the net effect of size to risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome. Statistical significance was declared at p-value of ≤0.05 at 95% confidence interval (CI) for an adjusted odds ratio (AOR). Results The study revealed that unadjusted and adjusted prevalence rate of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) were (CPR = 33.79%; 95%CI: 31.29%–36.36%) and (APR = 34.2%; 95% CI: 30.31%–38.06%) respectively. The most prevalent MetS component was low HDL concentration (CPR = 70.91%; 95%CI: 68.47%–73.27%) and (APR = 70.61; 95%CI; 67.17–74.05). While; high fasting blood glucose (CPR = 20.01% (95%CI: 18.03–22.12) and (APR = 21.72; 95%CI; 18.41–25.03) was the least ones. Eating vegetables four days a week, (AOR = 3.69, 95%CI; 1.33–10.22), a salt sauce added in the food some times (AOR = 5.06, 95%CI; 2.07–12.34), overweight (AOR = 24.28, 95%CI; 10.08–58.47] and obesity (AOR = 38.81; 12.20–111.04) had strong association with MetS. Conclusion The magnitude of metabolic syndrome was found to be close to the national estimate. Community awareness on life style modification based on identified MetS components and risk factors is needed to avoid further complications.

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Teferi, Teklay A., and Muruts L. Wubshet. "Prevalence and Intensity of Barley Diseases in South Tigray, Ethiopia." International Journal of Phytopathology 6, no. 3 (2017): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.006.03.2386.

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Barley is attacked by many diseases and hence, the study was conducted to quantify and profile barley affecting diseases for management options. The survey was based on the assessment of barley fields at 5 km interval. Results indicated that powdery mildew, leaf rust, stem rust, leaf scald, and smuts were among the important diseases in south Tigray. The prevalence of the former diseases was 60, 60, 40, 47.8, and 40%, respectively. The incidence of powdery mildew, scaled, leaf rust and stem rust was 100% in considerable fields and cultivars. The incidence of smuts was ranged from 5% to 30%. Similarly, the mean severities of powdery mildew, leaf rust, stem rust and leaf scald were 43.4, 54.5, 45 and 20%, respectively, while, smuts caused complete spike losses. Therefore, investigating of the pathogens variability especially for rusts, powdery mildew and scald as well as developing integrated management options for all diseases is of concern.

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BERHE, K., G. WELDESELASSIE, J. BETTRIDGE, R. M. CHRISTLEY, and R. D. ABDI. "Small ruminant pasteurellosis in Tigray region, Ethiopia: marked serotype diversity may affect vaccine efficacy." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 7 (2017): 1326–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026881600337x.

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SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalentBibersteinia, MannheimiaandPasteurellaserotypes, risk factors and degree of serotype co-infections in sheep and goats in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. Serum was collected from 384 sheep and goats from the Tanqua-Abergelle district of Tigray region using cross-sectional random sampling. An indirect haemagglutination test was used for serotyping. Risk factors for infections were evaluated by logistic regression. Potential clustering of multiple serotypes within individual animals due to common risk factors was evaluated by redundancy analysis. Eight serotypes were identified: all studied animals were serologically positive for at least one serotype. Overall, 355 (92·45%) of the animals were infected by four or more serotypes. Of the five risk factors studied, peasant association (PA), animal species, age (serotype A1), and bodyweight (serotype T15) were significantly associated with infection, but sex was not significant. Only PA explained a significant proportion of the variation (adjustedR2= 0·16) in the serological responses. After the effect of PA was accounted for, T3 and T4; A7 andPasteurella multocidaA; and A7 and T10 were positively correlated for co-infection, while T4 and T10 were less likely to be found within the same animal. Diverse serotypes were circulating in the Tigray region and could be a challenge in selecting serotypes for vaccine.

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Berhe, Abera Aregawi, Abraham Desta Aregay, Alemnesh Araya Abreha, et al. "Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene among Rural Residents in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2020 (March 19, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5460168.

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Background. Poor hygienic practices, inadequate water supply, and poor sanitary conditions play a major role in the spread of infectious diseases. Lack of knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) on WASH is one of the most imperative causes for transmission of infectious diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of rural residents on water, sanitation, and hygiene in Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June to July 2018. Multistage cluster sampling technique was used to collect data from 759 households in Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data on knowledge, attitude, and practice on water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). Descriptive data analysis was done to present the study findings. Results. The response rate was 99.6%, and 574 (75.9%) of the respondents were females. Good knowledge, favorable attitude, and good practice on WASH were observed in 42.2% (95% CI: 38.7%, 45.7%), 48.5% (95% CI: 44.9%, 52.0%), and 49.2% (95% CI: 45.6%, 52.7%) of the respondents, respectively. Conclusions. Poor knowledge, unfavorable attitude, and poor practice on WASH were common amongst the residents in rural Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Therefore, the health extension programs at primary health care should be revitalized in a way that can enhance the interventional measures to improve knowledge, attitude, and practice on WASH.

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Alemu, Megbaru, Desalegn Tadesse, Tesfaye Hailu, et al. "Performance of Laboratory Professionals Working on Malaria Microscopy in Tigray, North Ethiopia." Journal of Parasitology Research 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9064917.

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Background. Microscopic analysis of stained blood smear is the most suitable method of malaria diagnosis. However, gaps were observed among clinical laboratory professionals in microscopic diagnosis of malaria. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in December 2015 among 46 laboratory professionals. Data was collected via on-site assessment and panel testing. The slide panel testing was composed of positive and negative slides. The kappa score was used to estimate the agreement between participants and reference reader. Results. The overall agreement between the study participants and the reference reader in malaria detection was 79% (kappa = 0.62). Participating in refresher training on malaria microscopy (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR = 7, CI = 1.5–36.3)) and malaria epidemic investigation (AOR = 4.1 CI = 1.1–14.5) had statistical significant association with detection rate of malaria parasites. Conclusion. Laboratory professionals showed low performance in malaria microscopy. Most of the study participants were graded “in-training” in laboratory diagnosis of malaria.

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Meheretu, Yonas, Åsa Granberg, Gebregiorgis Berhane, et al. "Prevalence of Orthohantavirus-Reactive Antibodies in Humans and Peri-Domestic Rodents in Northern Ethiopia." Viruses 13, no. 6 (2021): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13061054.

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In 2012, Tigray orthohantavirus was discovered in Ethiopia, but its seasonal infection in small mammals, and whether it poses a risk to humans was unknown. The occurrence of small mammals, rodents and shrews, in human inhabitations in northern Ethiopia is affected by season and presence of stone bunds. We sampled small mammals in two seasons from low- and high-density stone bund fields adjacent to houses and community-protected semi-natural habitats in Atsbi and Hagere Selam, where Tigray orthohantavirus was first discovered. We collected blood samples from both small mammals and residents using filter paper. The presence of orthohantavirus-reactive antibodies in blood was then analyzed using immunofluorescence assay (human samples) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (small mammal samples) with Puumala orthohantavirus as antigen. Viral RNA was detected by RT-PCR using small mammal blood samples. Total orthohantavirus prevalence (antibodies or virus RNA) in the small mammals was 3.37%. The positive animals were three Stenocephalemys albipes rats (prevalence in this species = 13.04%). The low prevalence made it impossible to determine whether season and stone bunds were associated with orthohantavirus prevalence in the small mammals. In humans, we report the first detection of orthohantavirus-reactive IgG antibodies in Ethiopia (seroprevalence = 5.26%). S. albipes lives in close proximity to humans, likely increasing the risk of zoonotic transmission.

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Meheretu, Yonas, William T. Stanley, Evan W. Craig, et al. "Tigray Orthohantavirus Infects Two Related Rodent Species Adapted to Different Elevations in Ethiopia." Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 19, no. 12 (2019): 950–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2019.2452.

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Abebe Teferi, Teklay. "Prevalence and Intensity of Economically Important Fungal Diseases of Sorghum in South Tigray, Ethiopia." Journal of Plant Sciences (Science Publishing Group) 3, no. 2 (2015): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20150302.18.

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Mersha, Tadesse Teferi, Biruk Mekonnen Wolde, Nigus Abebe Shumuye, et al. "Prioritization of neglected tropical zoonotic diseases: A one health perspective from Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (2021): e0254071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254071.

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Neglected tropical zoonotic diseases (NTZDs) continue to have a major effect on the health of humans and animals. In this study, a one health approach was used to prioritize and rank neglected tropical zoonotic diseases at the regional and zonal levels in Tigray National Regional State, Ethiopia. For prioritization of NTZDs a cross-sectional study through a structured questionnaire was administered to 313 health experts from human and animal health sectors. In addition, focus group discussions (FGD) were held with purposively selected key informants. Descriptive, and Multivariable analysis was applied to report the results and a ranked list of diseases was developed at the zonal and regional level. In the region, 8 of the 12 World Health Organization listed NTZDs were considered major diseases including anthrax, brucellosis, bovine tuberculosis, taeniasis, leishmaniasis, rabies, schistosomiasis, and soil-transmitted helminths. Considering the zoonotic and socioeconomic importance of the diseases at the regional level, rabies ranked 1stwhereas anthrax, bovine tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, and brucellosis were ranked from 2nd to 5th, respectively. The FGD result also supported the prioritization result. The Multivariable analysis showed a statistically significant difference in the zonal distribution of anthrax (р = 0.009, OR = 1.16), taeniasis (p<0.001, OR = 0.82), leishmaniasis (p<0.001, OR = 1.91), rabies (p = 0.020, OR = 0.79) and soil-transmitted helminths (p = 0.007, OR = 0.87) but not for brucellosis (p = 0.585), bovine tuberculosis (p = 0.505), and schistosomiasis (p = 0.421). Anthrax (p<0.001, OR = 26.68), brucellosis (p<0.001, OR = 13.18), and taeniasis (p<0.001, OR = 6.17) were considered as the major zoonotic diseases by veterinary practitioners than human health practitioners whereas, leishmaniasis was recognized as a major health challenge by human health professionals. Understanding the priority diseases in the region is supportive for informed decision-making and prioritizes the limited resources to use. Furthermore, strengthening the collaboration between human and animal health professions is important to control the diseases.

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Padovese, Valeska, Vincenzo Racalbuto, Gebre Ab Barnabas, and Aldo Morrone. "Operational research on the correlation between skin diseases and HIV infection in Tigray region, Ethiopia." International Journal of Dermatology 54, no. 10 (2015): 1169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijd.12809.

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Yeshi, Melisachew M., Rosemary H. Tambouret, and Elena F. Brachtel. "Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology in Ethiopia." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 137, no. 6 (2013): 791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2012-0491-ra.

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Context.—Most of the population in Ethiopia lives below the poverty line with severely limited access to health care. The burden of infectious diseases is high, but benign and malignant neoplasms are also encountered frequently. For diagnosis of palpable lesions in this setting, fine-needle aspiration biopsy is the method of choice. Objective.—To present findings from several patients from 3 major hospitals in Ethiopia who underwent fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Data Sources.—Representative cytopathology cases of routinely encountered problems are shown. Often patients present with clinically advanced lesions. Staffing, technique, and equipment used for fine-needle aspiration biopsy are described at Black Lion Hospital (Addis Ababa), the University of Gonder Hospital (Gonder), and Ayder Referral Hospital of Mekelle University in the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia. Conclusions.—Fine-needle aspiration biopsy is a highly effective method for diagnosis of mass lesions, especially in an environment with sparse health care resources, such as Ethiopia. This article illustrates the work of Ethiopian cytopathologists and emphasizes the constraints under which they perform their work.

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Padovese, Valeska, Margherita Terranova, Luigi Toma, Gebre Ab Barnabas, and Aldo Morrone. "Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Tigray, northern Ethiopia: clinical aspects and therapeutic concerns." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 103, no. 7 (2009): 707–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.02.023.

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Yohannes, Mekonnen, Zerihun Abebe, and Eline Boelee. "Prevalence and environmental determinants of cutaneous leishmaniasis in rural communities in Tigray, northern Ethiopia." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 13, no. 9 (2019): e0007722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007722.

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Baraki, Adehanom, Teshale Teklue, Tesfay Atsbha, Temesgen Tesfay, and Solomon Wayou. "Prevalence and Risk Factors of Bovine Mastitis in Southern Zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia." Veterinary Medicine International 2021 (June 28, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8831117.

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Mastitis is the most common disease of adult dairy cattle. The disease continues to be one of the most perplexing and costly diseases of dairy cattle. The present study was conducted to detect bovine mastitis cows and identify potential risk factors for the distribution of bovine mastitis of smallholder dairy farmers using the California mastitis test. A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2013 to May 2015 in the southern zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, on 146 head of randomly selected cattle, of which 99 (67.8%) were crossed zebu and 47 (32.2%) pure local zebu using the California mastitis test and questionnaire. The overall prevalence was 65 (45.5%), of which 72.3% of crossed local and 27.69% of local zebu were found positive for the CMT test. The investigated risk factors were the season of lactation (OR = 0.510, CI = 0.208–1.247, P = 0.140 ), washing hands between consecutive milking events (OR = 0.354, CI = 0.146–0.856, P = 0.021 ), and history of previous mastitis (OR = 0.441, CI = 0.226–0.858, P = 0.016 ), which had significant ( P < 0.05 ) effect on the present prevalence of bovine mastitis in the study area. A high prevalence of bovine mastitis was observed in the southern zone of Tigray. The summer season of lactation and not washing hands between consecutive milking of cows were significant mastitis causation risk factors in addition to the history of previous mastitis disease history.

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Mehari, Kibriti, Tsehaye Asmelash, Haftamu Hailekiros, et al. "Prevalence and Factors Associated with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) among Presumptive MDR-TB Patients in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2019 (September 9, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2923549.

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Background. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major public health problems. There are alarming reports of increasing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MTR-TB) from various parts of the globe, including Ethiopia. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with MDR-TB among presumptive MDR-TB cases in Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tigray Regional State from 2015 to 2016. Two hundred sputum samples were collected, transported, processed using 2% N-acetyl-L-cysteine-sodium hydroxide, and cultured in LJ medium. Besides, the microscopic examination was performed after ZN staining. Moreover, drug susceptibility test was done using molecular line probe assay. Descriptive statistics and binary and multivariable logistic regression were done. A statistical test was regarded as significant when the P value was <0.05. Results. The prevalence of MDR-TB was found to be 18.5%. About one-fourth (26.5%) of the study participants had sputum smear positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). TB culture was positive in 37% of the samples, and rifampicin mono-resistant cases accounted for 3.5% of the presumptive MDR-TB cases. Three (1.5%) were new MDR-TB cases, while the rest had been treated previously for TB. Most (63.5%) of the MDR-TB cases were from 15 to 44 years of age. Age was associated with MDR-TB with a crude odds ratio of 1.06 (CI: 1.02–1.10) and adjusted odds ratio of 1.06 (CI: 1.00–1.11). Conclusions. The prevalence of MDR-TB was found to be high. Preventive measures should be taken to prevent the transmission of MDR-TB in the community.

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Teklu, Gebreyohans Gebru, Teweldemedhn Gebretinsae Hailu, and Gebremedhin Romha Eshetu. "High Incidence of Human Rabies Exposure in Northwestern Tigray, Ethiopia: A Four-Year Retrospective Study." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 11, no. 1 (2017): e0005271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005271.

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Kalayu, Girmay, and Zewdneh Tomas. "Antiretroviral treatment default and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ayder Referral Hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia." HIV & AIDS Review 20, no. 1 (2021): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.105109.

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Deribe, Kebede, Jorge Cano, Emanuele Giorgi, et al. "Estimating the number of cases of podoconiosis in Ethiopia using geostatistical methods." Wellcome Open Research 2 (September 4, 2017): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12483.1.

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Background: In 2011, the World Health Organization recognized podoconiosis as one of the neglected tropical diseases. Nonetheless, the number of people with podoconiosis and the geographical distribution of the disease is poorly understood. Based on a nationwide mapping survey and geostatistical modelling, we predict the prevalence of podoconiosis and estimate the number of cases across Ethiopia. Methods: We used nationwide data collected in Ethiopia between 2008 and 2013. Data were available for 141,238 individuals from 1,442 villages in 775 districts from all nine regional states and two city administrations. We developed a geostatistical model of podoconiosis prevalence among adults (individuals aged 15 years or above), by combining environmental factors. The number of people with podoconiosis was then estimated using a gridded map of adult population density for 2015. Results: Podoconiosis is endemic in 345 districts in Ethiopia: 144 in Oromia, 128 in Southern Nations, Nationalities and People’s [SNNP], 64 in Amhara, 4 in Benishangul Gumuz, 4 in Tigray and 1 in Somali Regional State. Nationally, our estimates suggest that 1,537,963 adults (95% confidence intervals, 290,923-4,577,031 adults) were living with podoconiosis in 2015. Three regions (SNNP, Oromia and Amhara) contributed 99% of the cases. The highest proportion of individuals with podoconiosis resided in the SNNP (39%), while 32% and 29% of people with podoconiosis resided in Oromia and Amhara Regional States, respectively. Tigray and Benishangul Gumuz Regional States bore lower burdens, and in the remaining regions, podoconiosis was almost non-existent. Discussion: The estimates of podoconiosis cases presented here based upon the combination of currently available epidemiological data and a robust modelling approach clearly show that podoconiosis is highly endemic in Ethiopia. Given the presence of low cost prevention, and morbidity management and disability prevention services, it is our collective responsibility to scale-up interventions rapidly.

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Deribe, Kebede, Jorge Cano, Emanuele Giorgi, et al. "Estimating the number of cases of podoconiosis in Ethiopia using geostatistical methods." Wellcome Open Research 2 (December 15, 2017): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12483.2.

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Background: In 2011, the World Health Organization recognized podoconiosis as one of the neglected tropical diseases. Nonetheless, the magnitude of podoconiosis and the geographical distribution of the disease is poorly understood. Based on a nationwide mapping survey and geostatistical modelling, we predict the prevalence of podoconiosis and estimate the number of cases across Ethiopia. Methods: We used nationwide data collected in Ethiopia between 2008 and 2013. Data were available for 141,238 individuals from 1,442 communities in 775 districts from all nine regional states and two city administrations. We developed a geostatistical model of podoconiosis prevalence among adults (individuals aged 15 years or above), by combining environmental factors. The number of people with podoconiosis was then estimated using a gridded map of adult population density for 2015. Results: Podoconiosis is endemic in 345 districts in Ethiopia: 144 in Oromia, 128 in Southern Nations, Nationalities and People’s [SNNP], 64 in Amhara, 4 in Benishangul Gumuz, 4 in Tigray and 1 in Somali Regional State. Nationally, our estimates suggest that 1,537,963 adults (95% confidence intervals, 290,923-4,577,031 adults) were living with podoconiosis in 2015. Three regions (SNNP, Oromia and Amhara) contributed 99% of the cases. The highest proportion of individuals with podoconiosis resided in the SNNP (39%), while 32% and 29% of people with podoconiosis resided in Oromia and Amhara Regional States, respectively. Tigray and Benishangul Gumuz Regional States bore lower burdens, and in the remaining regions, podoconiosis was almost non-existent. Conclusions: The estimates of podoconiosis cases presented here based upon the combination of currently available epidemiological data and a robust modelling approach clearly show that podoconiosis is highly endemic in Ethiopia. Given the presence of low cost prevention, and morbidity management and disability prevention services, it is our collective responsibility to scale-up interventions rapidly.

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Dorlo, Thomas P. C., and Piet A. Kager. "Comment on: Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Tigray, northern Ethiopia: clinical aspects and therapeutic concerns." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 104, no. 1 (2010): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.07.022.

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Gebreegziabiher, Dawit, Kelemework Adane, and Markos Abebe. "A survey on undiagnosed active pulmonary tuberculosis among pregnant mothers in mekelle and surrounding Districts in Tigray, Ethiopia." International Journal of Mycobacteriology 6, no. 1 (2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2212-5531.201889.

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Kahsu, T. A., M. Abraha, F. Tadesse, B. Crandall, H. Godefay, and E. L. L. Konings. "P6.063 Vertical Transmission of HIV by Age of Infant Testing and Type of Mother/Infant Prophylaxis in Tigray, Ethiopia." Sexually Transmitted Infections 89, Suppl 1 (2013): A388.3—A389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.1216.

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Ahmed, Jemal. "Trace elements geochemistry in high-incidence areas of liver-related diseases, northwestern Ethiopia." Environmental Geochemistry and Health 42, no. 5 (2019): 1235–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00387-3.

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Abstract This paper reports the results of trace elements geochemistry from Tigray national state, northwestern Ethiopia. The area is part of the Arabian-Nubian Shield, where the dominant exposure is low-grade metamorphic rocks and has a long history of liver-related diseases. The increase in the number of liver-related disease patients of the area has been an environmental health issue of national concern. The aim of the study is to determine the level of trace element concentrations and distributions in water and stream sediments of the area and identify the possible sources in relation to human health. Water, stream sediment and rocks samples (20 water, 20 stream sediments, and 6 rock samples) were collected in March 2011 and analyzed for major and trace element contents using ICP-MS, ICP-OES, ion Chromatography, and XRF methods. Bromine, aluminum, fluorine, arsenic, and nitrate values exceed the WHO maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) for drinking purpose. Bromine ranges from 0.11 to 1.48 mg/l show higher values in all samples, and fluorine ranges from 0.21 to 16.49 mg/l show higher values in 20% of the samples. Other trace elements are aluminum—30%, arsenic—10%, and nitrate (NO3)—10%, and they are examples of elements which have above MAC for drinking water. Selenium deficiency may be the other problematic element in the area for which its deficiency is associated with liver damage and heart muscle disorder. The concentration of cobalt and chromium exceeded world geochemical background value in average shale at most sample stations indicated that these stations were in potential risk.

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Berhe, Mebrahtu, Berhanu Mekibib, Abrha Bsrat, and Gebretsadik Atsbaha. "Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasites of Chicken under Different Management System in Mekelle Town, Tigray Region, Ethiopia." Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2019 (February 11, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1307582.

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The poultry industry is an infant but fast growing sector in Ethiopia. However, it is largely dependent on local chicken managed under backyard production system. The sector is facing different challenges, mainly emanated from prevalence of infectious diseases such as helminth parasite species. Hence, this study came up with an aim to determine the infection rate and identify helminth parasite species in chickens managed under different production systems, in Mekelle, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study design was employed, from November 2015 to March 2016. Postmortem (N=138) and fecal (N=410) samples of chicken were considered for necropsy and coproscopic examination to see both adult and eggs of helminth parasites, respectively. Similar gastrointestinal helminth parasites infection rate of chicken was obtained from both examination approaches (necropsy, 90.60%; and coproscopy, 90.97%). The study attested high prevalence (87.7%) of mixed infection with helminth parasites of chicken. Heterakis gallinarum (72.5%) and Ascaridia galli (68.8%) were found as the most dominant species (necropsy). During coproscopic examination cestode (89%) infections showed a relatively higher prevalence than nematodes (84.4%), although no difference was observed during that of necropsy examination results. Chickens of local breed from backyard production system had shown more likelihood of getting helminth infection when compared with their corresponding relatives (coproscopy). However, the variation was not statistically significant during that of necropsy finding. Therefore, the higher prevalence of parasitism and mixed infection observed in the study area would warrant for an urgent intervention with regular deworming scheme, and strict attention should be given towards hygienic measures and other health related management activities.

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Weldeselassie, Million, Getachew Gugsa, Ashwani Kumar, et al. "Isolation and Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus From Food of Bovine Origin in Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia." Open Microbiology Journal 14, no. 1 (2020): 234–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874285802014010234.

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Background: Among Food-borne diseases, S. aureus is a leading cause of gastroenteritis resulting from the consumption of contaminated food. Objectives: The study aimed to isolate and characterize S. aureus from raw milk, yogurt and meat and determine its antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2014 to June 2015 in Mekelle. A total of 284 samples were collected purposively. Enumeration of total viable bacteria count (TVBC), bacteriological isolation and identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, as well as PCR amplification of fem A and mec A genes were performed. Chi-square (χ2) and one way ANOVA tests were used for analysis. Results: Overall TVBC mean was found to be 1.29x108cfu/ml/g. The highest TVBC (1.38x108cfu/ml) was from the yogurt sample and the lowest (1.26x108cfu/g) was from meat. The overall prevalence of coagulase positive S. aureus (CoPS) was 39.1% (111) and of the smaples, 51(56.04%), 38(26.20%) and 22(45.83%) were isolated from meat, raw milk, and yogurt, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) among the different sample types and sources in the prevalence of S. aureus. Almost half of the CoPS isolates were sensitive to Tetracycline, Gentamycin, and Kanamycin, but resistant to Amoxicillin (96.9%) and Penicillin G (93.8%). Moreover, 93.75% of the isolates developed multidrug resistance. All isolates carried the fem A gene and among these isolates, 12 (37.5%) carried mec A gene. Conclusion: The present study revealed that foods of bovine origin of the study area are found to be having less bacteriological quality, high prevalence of CoPS and development of drug resistance.

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Menghistu, Habtamu Taddele, Kassahun Tadesse Hailu, Nigus Abebe Shumye, and Yisehak Tsegaye Redda. "Mapping the epidemiological distribution and incidence of major zoonotic diseases in South Tigray, North Wollo and Ab’ala (Afar), Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 13, no. 12 (2018): e0209974. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209974.

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Guash, Abay, Zenebe Mulalem, Desta Daniel, Hagos Hailai, Berhanie Minister, and Teame Tsegay. "Clinical survey on major ruminant diseases in Kola Tembein and Tanqua Abergelle Districts, Central Zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia." Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health 9, no. 12 (2017): 342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jvmah2016.0527.

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Dagnew, Gizachew Worku, and Melash Belachew Asresie. "Factors associated with chronic energy malnutrition among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: An analysis of the 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey data." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (2020): e0243148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243148.

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Background Women with chronic-energy malnutrition persists in many developing countries, including Ethiopia. To avert this problem identifying the predictor variables for a high magnitude of underweight is paramount. Consequently, this study aimed to assess the factors associated with chronic energy malnutrition among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. Methods We used the 2016 Ethiopia demographic health survey data. The survey was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted from January 18 to June 27, 2016. A two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique was employed to select Participants. A total of 13,451 reproductive-age group women (age 15–49 years and who were not pregnant and < 2 months of postpartum) were included in the analysis. Both descriptive and analytical analyses were performed. A P-value of less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results About 22.6% (95%CI: 21.5%-23.6%) of reproductive-age women were underweight. The magnitude of underweight is highest in the Afar region (39.6%) and lowest in Addis Ababa city administration (13.5%). Women who lived in the rural area (AOR = 1.59; 95%CI: 1.19–2.12), those who did not attend formal education (AOR = 1.23; 95%CI: 1.01–1.50), unemployed women (AOR = 1.28; 95%CI:1.13–1.44), women who belong to the poorest household wealth index (AOR = 1.42; 95%CI:1.04–1.94), women who were not married (AOR = 1.41; 95%CI: 1.18–2.69), women who lived in Tigray and the pastoral regions have higher odds of underweight. On the other hand, women who lived in southern nations nationalities and people’s region, and women whose age group 25–34 years had lower odds of underweight. Conclusions Chronic-energy malnutrition among reproductive-age women is high in Ethiopia. Improving the food security of rural, never married, and unemployed women would reduce the magnitude of underweight. Moreover, strengthening girls’ education, creating employment opportunities for women, and enhancing household income can further reduce the problem of chronic energy malnutrition.

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Hailay, Abrha, Kidane Zereabruk, Guesh Mebrahtom, Woldu Aberhe, and Degena Bahrey. "Magnitude and Its Associated Factors of Urinary Tract Infection among Adult Patients Attending Tigray Region Hospitals, Northern Ethiopia, 2019." International Journal of Microbiology 2020 (July 28, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8896990.

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Background. Urinary tract infection is a major public health problem in terms of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It ranks as the number one infection which leads to an antibiotic prescription after a physician’s visit. However, there are limited studies done on UTI in Ethiopia. Hence, this study was aimed to assess the magnitude of urinary tract infection and its associated factors among adult patients attending hospitals of the Tigray region, Ethiopia. Methods and Material. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2019. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select 472 participants from five randomly selected hospitals in Tigray region. A pretested structured questionnaire through face-to-face interview and patient chart review checklist was used to collect data. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21. A binary logistic regression model was used to test the association between dependent and independent variables. Result. The magnitude of urinary tract infection was 86 (18.2%) (95% CI: 14.6%–21.6%). After adjustment of the independent variables, the significant factors associated with urinary tract infection were being female (AOR = 3.50; 95% CI: 1.88–6.51), urine passing frequency < five times in a day (AOR = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.08–4.96), having diabetes mellitus (AOR = 4.03; 95% CI: 1.69–9.63), history of urinary tract infection (AOR = 4.40; 95% CI: 2.31–8.39), <7 glasses of water intake per day (AOR = 2.16; 95% CI: 1.02–4.58), and history of urinary obstructive diseases (AOR = 2.67; 95% CI: 1.03–6.90). Conclusion and Recommendation. The magnitude of urinary tract infection was considerably high. The factors associated with urinary tract infection were sex, less urine passing frequency, diabetes mellitus, low water intake, history of urinary tract infection, and urinary obstructive diseases. Therefore, patients having DM, previous history of UTI, and urinary obstructive diseases should be routinely screened for urinary tract infection and provided with education on voiding urine at least five times a day and on increasing daily water intake.

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Yehualaw, Adane, Chernet Taferre, Abere Tilahun Bantie, and Desalegn Getnet Demsie. "Appropriateness and Pattern of Antibiotic Prescription in Pediatric Patients at Adigart General Hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia." BioMed Research International 2021 (April 10, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6640892.

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Background. Inappropriate and unnecessary use of antibiotics can increase morbidity, mortality, medical expenses or patient cost, and microbial antibiotic resistance. However, in developing countries like Ethiopia, information regarding appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing pattern to guide improvement strategies is scant. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess appropriateness and pattern of antibiotic prescription in pediatric patients at pediatric ward of Adigrat General Hospital. Methods. Hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the antibiotic prescribing pattern in pediatric inpatient and outpatient ward of Adigrat General Hospital from December 1, 2018 to April 30, 2019. Data was collected by using structured data collection checklist, and the systematic random sampling technique was employed to enroll the required sample size during the study period. Appropriateness of drug use in pediatrics was evaluated using Ethiopian Standard Treatment guideline and WHO pediatric guideline. Result. A total of 692 pediatric patients’ medical charts were reviewed. The median age of patients on antibiotics was 3.26 years (IQR: 2-4). Majority (49.13%) of the patients were hospitalized for 5-9 days. SCAP (195), tonsillitis (114), and cellulitis (99) were most frequently encountered pediatric diseases. Penicillins (37.86%) followed by cephalosporins (31.79%) antibiotics were the most prescribed antibiotics in pediatric wards. This study also showed that ceftriaxone and ceftriaxone+amoxicillin were the most frequently used single and combination antibiotics, respectively. The prescribing practices were not stick to WHO core indicators and standards. Inappropriate prescription of antibiotics was observed in 28.3% of patients. Advanced age of children, children aged between 6 to 10 years ( AOR = 3.225 ; CI = 1.080 − 9.630 ; P = .036 ) and 11-18 years ( AOR = 18.691 ; CI = 5.156 − 67.756 ; P = .000 ), was the independent determinant of inappropriate drug use. Conclusion. Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing was encountered in 28.3% of children. The rate of generic prescription was not in line with WHO recommendation. Advanced age of children was the independent factor for inappropriate use of antibiotics.

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Desta, Abraham Aregay, Tewolde Wubayehu Woldearegay, Estifanos Gebremeskel, et al. "Impacts of COVID-19 on essential health services in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: A pre-post study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (2021): e0256330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256330.

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Background COVID-19 has proved to have an indirect impact on essential health services in several parts of the world which could lead to increased morbidity and mortality and loss of the gains made in the past decades. There were no synthesized scientific evidences which could show the impact of COVID-19 epidemics/pandemic on essential health services in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impacts of COVID-19 epidemics/pandemic on essential health services provision in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Methods A pre-post study design was used to assess the impacts of COVID-19 on essential health services delivery in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia in the second quarter of 2020 (Post COVID-19) compared to similar quarter in 2019 (Pre COVID-19). The study focuses on five categories; namely; maternal, neonatal and child health care; communicable diseases with a focus on HIV and TB-HIV co-infection; prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV; basic emergency, outpatient, inpatient and blood bank services, non-communicable diseases and road traffic accidents (RTAs). Analysis was done using Stata version 14.0 software package. The effects of COVID-19 epidemics/pandemic were calculated taking the differences between post COVID -19 and pre COVID-19 periods and the levels of service disruptions presented using proportions. Wilcoxon sign rank test was done and a significance level of ≤0.05 was considered as having significant difference among the two quarters. Results There were significant increase in institutional delivery, delivery by Caesarian Section (CS), still birth, postnatal care within 7 days of delivery, the number of children who received all vaccine doses before 1st birthday, the number of under 5 children screened and had moderate acute malnutrition, the number of under 5 children screened and had severe acute malnutrition and children with SAM admitted for management. However, there were significant decrease in HIV testing and detection along with enrolment to antiretroviral therapy (ART) care, number of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk ≥ 30% received treatment, RTAs, total units of blood received from national blood transfusion service (NBTS) and regional blood banks, total number of units of blood transfused and emergency referral. There were no significant changes in outpatient visits and admissions. Conclusion Despite commendable achievements in maintaining several of the essential health services, COVID-19 has led to an increase in under nutrition in under five children, decline in HIV detection and care, CVD, cervical cancer screening and blood bank services. Therefore, governments, local and international agencies need to introduce innovative ways to rapidly expand and deliver services in the context of COVID-19. Moreover, lower income countries have to customize comprehensive and coordinated community-based health care approaches, including outreach and campaigns. In addition, countries should ensure that NCDs are incorporated in their national COVID-19 response plans to provide essential health care services to people living with NCDs and HIV or HIV-TB co-infection during the COVID-19 pandemic period.

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Dagne, Samuel, Yonatan Menber, Yosef Wassihun, et al. "Chronic Energy Deficiency and Its Determinant Factors among Adults Aged 18–59 Years in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2021 (January 6, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8850241.

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Background. The prevalence of undernutrition in low- and middle-income countries is still remarkably high. Undernutrition during adulthood is a greater risk factor for low productivity, poor health, and mortality. There is limited information on the prevalence and determinants of chronic energy deficiency in Ethiopia. Objective. To assess the prevalence and determinants of chronic energy deficiency among adults aged 18–59 years in Ethiopia. Method. A secondary data analysis was conducted using the data obtained from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. Data were collected using a multistage stratified cluster sampling technique, and the analytic sample consisted of 9,280 adults aged 18–59 years. The chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used, and p value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Result. A total of 9280 adults aged 18–59 years were included in the study and 2911 (28.7%) (95% CI: 27.0%–30.4%) of whom were chronic energy deficient. Adults who have no work (AOR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.72), male adults from Tigray region (AOR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.61, 3.09), Afar region (AOR = 2.98, 95% CI: 2.04, 4.36), Somali region (AOR = 3.14, 95% CI: 2.19, 4.52), Gambella region (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.76), Harari region (AOR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.19), Amhara region (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.13), Oromia region (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.19), Dire Dawa (AOR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.05), adults live lonely (AOR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.71), and adults residing in poor wealth index households (AOR = 1.26 : 95% CI: 1.07, 1.49) were significantly associated with chronic energy deficiency. Conclusion and recommendation. Chronic energy deficiency among male adults in Ethiopia was a high public health problem. Marital status, wealth index, occupation, and region were significant predictors of chronic energy deficiency. The Ministry of Health with other partners should strictly monitor and evaluate interventions that are being applied and should give focus to adult men to prevent malnutrition.

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Accorsi, Sandro, Gebre Ab Barnabas, Pasquale Farese, et al. "Skin disorders and disease profile of poverty: analysis of medical records in Tigray, northern Ethiopia, 2005–2007." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 103, no. 5 (2009): 469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.11.028.

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Padovese, Valeska, Margherita Terranova, Luigi Toma, Gebre Ab Barnabas, and Aldo Morrone. "Reply to comment on: Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Tigray, northern Ethiopia: clinical aspects and therapeutic concerns." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 104, no. 1 (2010): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.09.001.

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Kassie Tesema, Ayenew, Alemneh Mekuriaw Liyew, Adugnaw Zeleke Alem, Yigizie Yeshaw, Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema, and Achamyeleh Birhanu Teshale. "Spatial distribution and determinants of undernutrition among reproductive age women of Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (2021): e0257664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257664.

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Introduction Malnutrition is one of the most devastating problems in Ethiopia and is inextricably linked with poverty. Women in the reproductive age group and children are most vulnerable to malnutrition due to low dietary intakes, inequitable distribution of food within the household, improper food storage and preparation, dietary taboos, infectious diseases, and care. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the spatial distribution and determinants of undernutrition among reproductive age of Ethiopia. Methods The study was based on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. The study included a total sampled weight of 15,139 women aged 15–49 years. The ArcGIS version 10.7 and SaTScan version 9.6 statistical software were used for exploring the spatial distribution of undernutrition. A multilevel logistic regression model was fitted to determine the individual and community level factors associated with women undernutrition. Finally, the factors which were significant at 95% confidence interval were reported. Result The spatial analysis revealed that women undernutrition was significantly varied across the country. The SaTScan analysis identified a total of 144 significant hotspot areas of maternal undernutrition with three significant spatial windows. Of these, 134 clusters were primary. The primary spatial window was identified in the southeast Tigray, northwest Afar, central and north Amhara regions (LLR = 57.48, P<0.01, RR = 1.51). Age at first marriage (AOR = 1.57: CI 1.33, 1.99), middle wealth index (AOR = 3.15: CI 1.4, 6.97), rural residence (AOR = 2.82: CI 1.22, 6.52), being in Afar region, Tigray region and Harari region (AOR = 4.88: CI 1.71, 13.91), (AOR = 4.17: CI 1.57, 11.06) and (AOR = 3.01: CI 1.05, 8.68) respectively were significantly associated with women undernutrition. Conclusion In Ethiopia, undernutrition had significant spatial variations across the country. Residence, age at first marriage, wealth index and region were significantly associated with undernutrition. Therefore, public health interventions that reduce reproductive age women undernutrition and enhance women awareness towards undernutrition in hotspot areas of undernutrition is crucial.

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Addisu, Eshetie Gizachew, Abiot Sinamo Boltena, and Samson Yohannes Amare. "Case-Based Reasoning Framework for Malaria Diagnosis." International Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science 12, no. 6 (2020): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijitcs.2020.06.04.

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Malaria is life threatening disease in Ethiopia specifically in Tigray region. Having common symptoms with other diseases makes it complex and challenging to diagnose effectively. In this paper case based reasoning framework for malaria diagnosis has been designed to diminish the challenges faced by inexperienced practitioners during malaria diagnosis and to solve the problem on shortage of health professionals. The required knowledge for this study was collected through interview and document analysis from domain experts, malaria patient history cards and other related relevant documents. In the case acquisition process the manual format of cases makes the process too challenging. Decision tree is used to model the acquired knowledge. The case structure was then constructed using the selected most determinant attributes. Machine learning approach is applied to select the most relevant features. Feature-vector case representation technique is applied to represent the collected malaria cases. Jcolibri programming tool integrated with Eclipse and Nearest Neighbor retrieval algorithm are used to design the framework. To the end based on the results we can say that the machine learning approach can be used to select most relevant attributes in diseases having several common symptoms and designing case-based diagnosis frameworks could overcome the main problems observed in health centers of Tigray. As an artifact the framework is evaluated by statistical analysis, comparative evaluation, user evaluation and other evaluation techniques. Averagely 79 % precision, 89 % recall, 91.4% accuracy and 78.8% domain expert’s evaluation was the results scored.

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Morrone, Aldo, Alessio Pitidis, Maria Chiara Pajno, et al. "Epidemiological and geographical aspects of leishmaniasis in Tigray, northern Ethiopia: a retrospective analysis of medical records, 2005-2008." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 105, no. 5 (2011): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2011.02.003.

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Darge, Wendu A. "Diversity of Pathogenic Fungi on Plantation Forests of North and North-West Ethiopia." International Journal of Phytopathology 6, no. 2 (2017): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.006.02.2254.

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Forest plantations in Ethiopia are mainly exotic genera of Eucalyptus, Cupressus, Casuarina, Pinus and native Juniperus species. Plantations species have suffered at varying degrees of attack by disease causing agents, particularly Amhara region is among regions with plantation forests that have in recent years been subjected to attack by diseases in Ethiopia. Plantation trees in commercial stands, farmlands and woodlots were surveyed for diseases symptoms in 20 selected areas of Amhara and Tigray from May to June 2016.Leaf blight, leaf spot, tip blight and stem canker were the most common symptoms appeared during the survey period with leaf spot and stem canker the most prevalent. Tree samples showing clear disease symptoms were collected, surface sterilized, cultured and morphologically characterized for pathogen identification. A total of 42 isolates of fungi colonies were identified from samples collected of 20 localities. Morphological characterization of fungal isolates reveals, six fungal genera belonging to Alternaria, Dioplodia, Pestalotiopsis, Curvularia, Phoma, and Penicillium were the cause of the symptoms of the symptoms of the observed disease. Among the isolates 14 (33.3%) were Alternaria species, 15(37.7%) were Phoma species, and the remaining 13 isolates were Diplodia3(7.2%), Pestalopsis7(16.7%), Curvularia2(4.7%) and Penicillium1 (2. 4%).Based on the findings of the study Phoma lingam, Phoma glomerata, Alternaria alternata, genera of Curvularia, Pestalotiopsis, Penicillium, and Diplodia were found to be the cause of diseases of the tree plantations. Phoma and Alternaria species were the most prevalent isolates, showing a majority of symptoms observed on plantations were due to their co-infection. The pathogenicity test result of the research also confirms fungal isolates were the cause of the symptoms of the disease observed. The findings of this research enable to study and design appropriate management options for the future prevention and control of the diseases especially when there is prolonged environmental stress in the country.

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Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru, Destalem Gebreyowhans, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, and Paul Ward. "Incidence and Predictors of Severe Adverse Drug Reaction Among Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Tigray, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study." HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care Volume 13 (June 2021): 641–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/hiv.s310419.

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Tuem, Kald Beshir, Abadi Kahsu Gebre, Tesfay Mehari Atey, Helen Bitew, Ebrahim M. Yimer, and Derbew Fikadu Berhe. "Drug Resistance Patterns ofEscherichia coliin Ethiopia: A Meta-Analysis." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4536905.

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Background. Antimicrobial drug resistance is a global threat for treatment of infectious diseases and costs life and money and threatens health delivery system’s effectiveness. The resistance ofE. colito frequently utilized antimicrobial drugs is becoming a major challenge in Ethiopia. However, there is no inclusive countrywide study. Therefore, this study intended to assess the prevalence ofE. coliresistance and antimicrobial-specific resistance pattern amongE. coliclinical isolates in Ethiopia.Methods. Articles were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and grey literature from 2007 to 2017. The main outcome measures were overallE. coliand drug-specific resistance patterns. A random-effects model was used to determine pooled prevalence with 95% confidence interval (CI), using DerSimonian and Laird method. In addition, subgroup analysis was conducted to improve the outcome. The study bias was assessed by Begg’s funnel plot. This study was registered in PROSPERO as follows: PROSPERO 2017: CRD42017070106.Results. Of 164 articles retrieved, 35 articles were included. A total of 19,235 study samples participated in the studies and 2,635E. colistrains were isolated. Overall,E. coliantibacterial resistance was 45.38% (95% confidence interval (CI): 33.50 to 57.27). The resistance pattern ranges from 62.55% in Addis Ababa to 27.51% in Tigray region. The highest resistance ofE. colireported was to ampicillin (83.81%) and amoxicillin (75.79%), whereas only 13.55% ofE. coliisolates showed resistance to nitrofurantoin.Conclusion.E. coliantimicrobial resistance remains high with disparities observed among regions. The bacterium was found to be highly resistant to aminopenicillins. The finding implies the need for effective prevention strategies for theE. colidrug resistance and calls for multifaceted approaches with full involvement of all stakeholders.

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Nigus, Chekole, Yonas G. Mariam, Muez Mehari, and Haftamu H. Kiross. "Adaptation of Tef {Eragrostistef(Zucc) Trotter} Varieties for Early Maturing Types in Tigray." Agricultural Science 2, no. 1 (2020): p230. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/as.v2n1p230.

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Tef is the most important and wider adaptable cereal crop in Ethiopia. The most limiting tef productions are low yielding cultivars, biotic such as pest and diseases and abiotic such as drought, fertility depletion and inappropriate agronomic practice and difficulty nature of tef for mechanization. The objective of the study was to evaluate the adaptability of early maturing tef varieties. Tef varieties were evaluated for their earliness and adaptability at three locations and over two years. The trial included 8 varieties and one local check with the design of RCBD in three replications. The analysis of variance showed that there was significant difference (P<-0.001) between genotypes and locations for the days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, panicle length, grain yield and (P<-0.05) for biomass yield. However, it does not provide evidence for interaction between the varieties and locations on all traits except for days to maturity. Simada was early maturing and well performing, following Boset. Therefore, cultivation of both varieties enhances the production of tef in the study areas and similar agro-ecologies. Allocation of varieties to their niche might increase the productivity of tef. In general, evaluation tef varieties in the right place and development of target variety for earliness and yield performance increase production in the region as well as the nation. Further work needed breeding to develop drought tolerant and higher yielding.

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Mitiku, Ashebir Mengistu, Gebrezgi Zinabu Asfaw, Haftu Tesfahun Tsegay Berhe Yodit Zewdie, and Atsibeha Mussie Tesfay. "Levels and predictors of TB-HIV Diagnostic service linkage and testing in government hospitals of Southern zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia." African Health Sciences 19, no. 3 (2019): 2335–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i3.5.

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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are global public health problems. TB and HIV diagnostic services linkage is imperative for the fight against the two diseases.Objective: To assess the diagnostic service linkage and testing of TB-HIV diagnostic services and identify predictors in Public hospitals of Northern Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in five hospitals of Northern Ethiopia. Study subjects’ socio-demographic, household and clinical variables were assessed.Data was analyzed using SPSS. Logistic regressions were used to determine the predictors of uptake of TB and HIV testing among HIV and TB patients, respectively.Result: The level of HIV testing among TB patients was 94.4% and of TB screening among HIV patients was 90.5%. Factors that independently predict HIV testing among TB patients were Residence AOR=0.187(95% CI 0.05-0.76), being 9 grade and above AOR=13.17 (95%CI 2.67-65.03) and drinking alcohol AOR=0.03(95% CI 0.002-0.475). Likewise, being grade 9 and above AOR=6.92 (95% CI 1.75- 27.4) and having chronic cough AOR=0.23 (95% CI 0.06- 0.92) were predictor variables for having TB screening among HIV patients.Conclusion: The levels of TB-HIV linkages and testing are high. Moreover, educational status is a strong predictor of TB screening among HIV patients and HIV testing among TB cases. The regional health bureau has to continue supporting its TB and HIV case teams in every health facility.Keywords: TB-HIV Diagnostic service linkage, testing in government hospitals, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.

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Melaku, Yohannes Adama, and Ejigu Gebeye Zeleke. "Contraceptive Utilization and Associated Factors among HIV Positive Women on Chronic Follow Up Care in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study." PLoS ONE 9, no. 4 (2014): e94682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094682.

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Coulborn, Rebecca Marie, Tesfay Gebregzabher Gebrehiwot, Martin Schneider, et al. "Barriers to access to visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis and care among seasonal mobile workers in Western Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: A qualitative study." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 12, no. 11 (2018): e0006778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006778.

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Gebreagziabher, Teklehaimanot Tesfay, and Guesh Teklu Woldemariam. "Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence and Determinant Factors Among Adult People Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Eastern Tigray General Hospitals, Northern Ethiopia, 2019." HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care Volume 12 (September 2020): 497–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/hiv.s273917.

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Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher, Nega Assefa, Tadesse Alemayehu, et al. "Determinants of Preeclampsia among Women Attending Delivery Services in Public Hospitals of Central Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study." Journal of Pregnancy 2021 (June 1, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4654828.

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Background. Preeclampsia occurs in up to 5% of all pregnancies, in 10% of first pregnancies, and 20–25% of women with a history of chronic hypertension. Objective. This study aims to assess the determinants of preeclampsia among women attending delivery services in public hospitals of central Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods. Hospital-based unmatched case-control study design was conducted. Women diagnosed with preeclampsia were cases, and women who had no preeclampsia were controls admitted to the same hospitals. A systematic sampling technique was used to select study participants for both cases and controls. The data were entered in EPI data 3.1 statistical software and, then, exported to SPSS Version 22 for cleaning and analysis. Results. Family history of hypertension (AOR: 2.60; 95% CI: 1.15, 5.92), family history of preeclampsia (AOR: 5.24; 95% CI: 1.85, 14.80), history of diabetes mellitus (AOR: 4.31; 95% CI: 1.66, 11.21), anemia (AOR: 3.23; 95% CI: 1.18, 8.86), history of preeclampsia on prior pregnancy (AOR: 5.55; 95% CI: 1.80, 17.10), primigravida (AOR: 5.41; 95% CI: 2.85, 10.29), drinking alcohol during pregnancy (AOR: 4.06; 95% CI: 2.20, 7.52), and vegetable intake during pregnancy (AOR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.74) were significantly associated with preeclampsia. Conclusion. This study concludes that a family history of hypertension and preeclampsia; a history of diabetes mellitus and anemia; and a history of preeclampsia on prior pregnancy, primigravida, and drinking alcohol were found to be risk factors for preeclampsia. However, vegetable intake was found to be a protective factor for the development of preeclampsia.

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Gidey, Kidu, Desalegn Belay, Berhane Yohannes Hailu, Tesfaye Dessale Kassa, and Yirga Legesse Niriayo. "Visceral Leishmaniasis Treatment Outcome and Associated Factors in Northern Ethiopia." BioMed Research International 2019 (August 21, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3513957.

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Background. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), one of the most neglected tropical diseases, is placing a huge burden on Ethiopia. Despite the introduction of antileishmanial drugs, treatment outcomes across regions are variable due to drug resistance and other factors. Thus, understanding of VL treatment outcomes and its contributing factors helps decisions on treatment. However, the magnitude and the risk factors of poor treatment outcome are not well studied in our setting. Therefore, our study was designed to assess treatment outcomes and associated factors in patients with VL. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in VL patients admitted between June 2016 and April 2018 to Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Data was collected through chart review of patient records. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with poor treatment outcome. Results. A total of 148 VL patients were included in the study. The mean age (SD) of the patients was 32.86 (11.9) years; most of them (94.6%) were male patients. The proportion of poor treatment outcome was 12.1%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that long duration of illness (> four weeks) (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 6.1 [95% confidence interval (CI); 1.3-28.6], p=0.02) and concomitant tuberculosis (TB) infection (AOR 4.6 [95% CI; 1.1-19.1], p=0.04) were the independent predictors of poor treatment outcome. Conclusions. Poor treatment outcome was observed in a considerable proportion of VL patients. Long duration of illness and coinfection with TB were associated with poor VL treatment outcome. Hence, early diagnosis and effective prompt treatment are important to improve treatment outcomes among VL patients. Special attention should also be given in the treatment of VL/TB coinfected patients in our setting.

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Adhena, Girmay, and Hagos Degefa Hidru. "Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of High-Risk Age Groups to Coronavirus Disease-19 Prevention and Control in Korem District, Tigray, Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study." Infection and Drug Resistance Volume 13 (October 2020): 3801–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/idr.s275168.

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Gebreselassie, Abreha Tsegay, Workua Mokenen Metekiya, and Birhane Gebrehiwot. "The Magnitude of Suicidal Behavior among People Living with Diabetes Mellitus Attending an Outpatient Department of Alamata General Hospital, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia 2019: A Cross-Sectional Study." Open Public Health Journal 13, no. 1 (2020): 617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010617.

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Background: Globally, suicide accounts for 75% in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Though the magnitude of suicidal behavior in High-income Countries (HIC) is higher relative to the general population, limited studies had explored suicidal behavior among medical outpatients in LMICs including this locality. Suicidal behaviors among people with the chronic medical illness are one of the commonest psychiatric emergencies that demand a major health concern by researchers and mental health task forces. People with chronic medical illnesses show suicidal ideation and attempt which are fatal problems to end life. Therefore, this study will address the gaps by determining the magnitude of suicidal behavior among Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients in an outpatient setting of Alamata General Hospital (AGH). Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among medical patients attending a chronic care clinic in Alamata general Hospital from May to June 2019. A sample of 146 DM patients who were attending an outpatient chronic care clinic was included in the study. Suicidal behavior was assessed by the World Health Organization (WHO) suicidal behavior assessment through software called Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 25. Results: The magnitude of suicidal behavior among Diabetes Mellitus patients at AGH was 30.8%, 15.8% had suicidal ideation, 14.4% had a suicidal attempt and 15.1% of them had the plan to commit suicide. Conclusion: The prevalence of suicidal behavior was found to be significantly high in Diabetes Mellitus patients. Hence, it is important to conduct more interventions to assess the suicidal behavior symptoms among Diabetes Mellitus patients.

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Zerabruk, M., and O. Vangen. "The Abergelle and Irob cattle breeds of North Ethiopia: description and on-farm characterisation." Animal Genetic Resources Information 36 (April 2005): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s101423390000184x.

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SummaryA field survey was carried out between January and June 2002 in order to describe and evaluate two local cattle breeds, Abergelle and Irob, found in the Tigray region of North Ethiopia with little previous description available. Information from structured questionnaire of 175 farmers, twenty-one focused group discussions, field measurements of hearth girth and height at withers of 25 males and 25 females of each breed, and secondary information were utilised to carry out an on-farm characterisation and description of these breeds. The two breeds are found to be the smallest breeds in the region with an average body weight of 234 ± 13 and 153 ± 15 kg and average height at withers of 109 ± 3 and 97 ± 5 cm for males and females of the Abergelle breed. For the Irob breed the corresponding figures were 245 ± 36 and 200 ± 36 kg body weight and 106 ± 3 and 105 ± 5 cm height at withers. The Abergelle breed is recognized by farmers to have adaptive advantages to the hotter and drier low lands. Its tolerance to diseases and parasites and ability to cope with feed shortages during the long dry periods are favourably rated by the majority of farmers. The Irob cattle breed is adapted to a mountainous production environment and is highly rated by farmers for its capacity to thrive on the difficult terrain and its utilization of cactus (Opantia ficus indica) as a major source of nutrition.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Chronic diseases – Ethiopia – Tigray'

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