Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Echocardiography

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Academic literature on the topic 'Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Echocardiography'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 23 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Echocardiography"

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Gupta, Nidhi, Chitralekha Vora, Pankaj Garg, Kinjal Patel, and Harshad Chovatiya. "Clinical and Echocardiographic Profile of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Indian Journal of Emergency Medicine 4, no. 2 (2018): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijem.2395.311x.4218.5.

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Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the fourth leading cause of mortality worldwide. It is defined as a disease formal categorized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Electrocardiography (ECG) carries information about cardiac disease and prognosis in COPD patients. However, Echocardiography provides a rapid, noninvasive, portable, and accurate method to evaluate cardiac functions. Methods: 125 patients of COPD fulfilling the inclusion criteria coming to OPD/ wards of Medicine, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad were recruited. They were staged by pulmonary function test (PFT) and evaluated by electrocardiography and echocardiography. Statistical analysis of correlation was done with chi square test and statistical significance was taken p<0.05. Results: Mean age was 56.24±9.41years, with male preponderance, male to female ratio 4.43:1. Mean duration of disease was 6.22±4.28years. The common symptoms were Breathlessness (100%). Most common ECG and ECHO finding was RAD (51.2%) and PAH (54.4%) respectively. Statistically Right axis deviation and Poor ‘r’ wave progression were significantly correlated with disease severity by ECG findings while R.A. dilatation, R.V.dilatation and Pulmonary hypertensionwere significantly correlated with disease severity by ECHO findings (p<0.05). Conclusions: COPD is more common in males and in the 5th and 6th decadeof life. Most of the patients have fairly advanced disease at presentation. The incidence of abnormalities of ECG and echocardiography increases with COPD severity. ECG and echocardiography are better tools than clinical methods in detecting R.V. dysfunction in COPD.
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Kaur, Sukhdeep, Ashok Khurana, Preeti Singh Dhoat, and Gurinder Mohan. "Cardiac evaluation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients by ECHO and its correlation with different grades of severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 4, no. 1 (2017): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20170016.

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Background: COPD is proven to be a multisystem disorder among which cardiac manifestation are most common. Echocardiography provides a rapid, non-invasive, portable, and accurate method to evaluate the cardiac changes. The aim of this study was to assess the cardiac changes secondary to COPD by echocardiography and to find out the correlation between echocardiographic findings and different grades of severity of COPD.Methods: A total 50 of patients of COPD were selected and staged by spirometry and evaluated by echocardiography.Results: The numbers of patients with mild, moderate, severe and very severe COPD in our study were 4%, 28%, 58%, and 10%, respectively. On echocardiographic evaluation of COPD, 24% cases had normal echocardiographic parameters. Pulmonary hypertension was observed in 35/50 (70%) cases in which prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe PH were 0%, 50%, 79.3%, and 100%, respectively. Right ventricle was enlarged in ECHO in 46% of patients. Right atrium was enlarged in ECHO in 14% of patients. Measurable tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was observed in 72% cases. Conclusions: Prevalence of cardiac dysfunction increases as the severity of COPD increases. It is recommended that echocardiography should be done early in all cases of COPD to diagnose the cardiac complications of COPD, so that early interventions can be undertaken in order to improve quality of life and decrease mortality and morbidity in COPD patients.
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Jatav, Vinod Singh, S. R. Meena, Shivcharan Jelia, et al. "Echocardiographic findings in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and correlation of right ventricular dysfunction with disease severity." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 4, no. 2 (2017): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20171045.

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Background: COPD is a powerful and independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality which includes right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and cor pulmonale secondary to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), left ventricular dysfunction. Echocardiography provides a rapid, noninvasive, portable, and accurate method to evaluate cardiac functions. Early diagnoses and intervention for cardiac comorbidities would reduce mortalities in COPD patients. The aim of this study is to find echocardiographic changes in COPD patients and to assess RV dysfunction by echocardiography and correlate with the disease severity.Methods: 100 patients of COPD fulfilling the inclusion criteria coming to OPD/wards of NMCH, Kota were recruited. They were staged by pulmonary function test (PFT) and evaluated by echocardiography. Statistical analysis of correlation was done with chi square test and statistical significance was taken p<0.05.Results: Most common echocardiographic finding was cor pulmonale, which was present in 62% of cases, other echocardiographic findings were PAH in 44% cases, RA/RV dilatation (43%), RVH (42%), LVDD (46%), RVSD (14%) and LVH in 11% of cases. Echocardiographic signs of RV dysfunction observed are PAH, cor pulmonale and RVSD which are correlated with the severity of the disease (p<0.05).Conclusions: Echocardiographic examination is reliable in following COPD patients with PAH instead of repeated cardiac catheterization. The incidence of RV dysfunction is more common as the severity of COPD increases and there is a significant correlation between the degree of air flow limitation (FEV1) and RV dysfunction.
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Mohammed, Yasser Moustfa, Ghada Samir ElShahid, Nehad Mohammed Osman, and Nehal Qadry Abd ElHameed. "Cardiac evaluation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using echocardiography." Egyptian Journal of Bronchology 13, no. 1 (2019): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejb.ejb_2_18.

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Abstract Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant cause of death. Cardiovascular disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in COPD. Aim We used echocardiography to evaluate cardiac function in patients with COPD and correlated echocardiographic findings with COPD severity. Patients and methods We performed a prospective cross-sectional study on 60 patients with stable COPD who presented to the Abbasia Chest Hospital during the period from November 2016 till August 2017. Spirometry was performed for all participants using American and European Thoracic Society (2005) recommendations. They were classified according to GOLD guidelines (2017) and evaluated by two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography according to American and European Association of Echocardiography ASE recommendations. Results Echocardiographic examination of left ventricular functions revealed no cases of left ventricular systolic dysfunction, but left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was found in ~25%. Right ventricle dilatation was found in ~18% of the patients. Tricuspid regurge was seen in ~75%, with variable grades from mild to severe. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) was found in ~40% of the patients. It was more prevalent in patients with severe and very severe disease. Correlation between echocardiographic findings and severity of COPD revealed significant positive correlation only with right ventricle size, tricuspid regurgitation, and PH. Conclusion Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction appears to be frequent in patients with COPD, but it is not related to the disease severity. Abnormal right heart changes could be expected. Presence of PH has a linear relationship with COPD severity.
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Mohiuddin, Muhammad, Abdul Wadud Chowdhury, Kazi Nazrul Islam, et al. "Echocardiographic Evaluation of Cardiac Status in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin 46, no. 3 (2021): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v46i3.52256.

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Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a global health burden having systemic and extrapulmonary manifestations. Among them cardiovascular changes are the major comorbidity associated with COPD, responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Echocardiography is one of the simplest and noninvasive tools in assessing these changes. Objective: To evaluate the echocardiographic changes in patients with chronic obstruction palmonary disease. Methods: A cross sectional observational study was carried out in Department of Cardiology and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dhaka Medical College Hospital from July, 2018 to June, 2019. Total 98 COPD patients were included in the study. They underwent spirometry in Department of Respiratory Medicine and echocardiography in Department of Cardiology. Data was collected from the patients and recorded in a structured report form. Results: Significant echocardiographic abnormalities were present in 51.02% patients. Most common echocardiographic change was pulmonary hypertension (43.9%). Other echocardiographic findings were dilated RA & RV (36.7%), RVH (35.7%), LV diastolic dysfunction (30.6%) and RV systolic dysfunction (9.2%). Echocardiographic signs of pulmonary hypertension, dilated RA & RV, RVH, RV systolic dysfunction and LV diastolic dysfunction were correlated with the severity of the disease. Though echocardiographic change of pulmonary hypertension was uncommon in COPD stage 1 & 2, but it was very common in stage 3(45.7%) & stage 4(92.9%). Conclusion: This study showed that echocardiographic changes were very common among the COPD GOLD stage 3 & 4 patients. Though these changes were infrequent among mild COPD patients but their severity increased with increasing stage of COPD. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(3): 204-210
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Ismael, Hend, Abdellah Hamed, and Shimaa Nour. "Cardiac abnormalities in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: correlations and predictors." Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis 72, no. 4 (2023): 478–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ecdt.ecdt_133_22.

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Abstract Background Patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are more likely to have cardiac abnormalities, which increase morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study is to explore correlations and probable predictors for these abnormalities in stable COPD patients. Patients and methods We conducted a prospective cohort study including 91 stable COPD cases, who were admitted to a tertiary health-care center during the period from August 2021 to January 2022. Spirometry, arterial blood gas, and ECG were performed for all participants. They were categorized using GOLD guidelines (2021) and assessed by two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography using the American and European Association of Echocardiography ASE recommendations. Results The study included 91 COPD patients; their mean age was 60.5 years with male predominance (62.6%). Of the patients, 76.9% were smokers and 49.5% of patients have respiratory failure type II. The most common abnormal ECG findings were P pulmonale, ventricular ectopic, and ischemic changes, which were more detected in severe COPD patients (94.29%). Echocardiographic assessment showed abnormal findings in almost 65%, more in the severe group. The most frequent findings were signs of pulmonary hypertension (PH) (72.5%), right ventricular dilatation (49.5%), and hypokinesia (21.98%). Risk factors of cardiac abnormalities were respiratory failure, COPD duration, comorbidities, and COPD stage. Conclusion Right ventricle dilatation, hypokinesia, and PH showed a positive correlation with echocardiographic findings and COPD severity. Respiratory failure and COPD duration were independent predictors of arrhythmia; COPD stage and the number of comorbidities were predictors of cardiac ischemia, while respiratory failure and comorbidities were predictors of PH.
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Patil, Sarang, and Suresh Patil. "Echocardiographic findings in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 3 (2019): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20190952.

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Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory condition involving the airways and characterized by airflow limitation. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a well-known predictor of increased morbidity and mortality in COPD. The present study was done to assess the cardiac changes in patients diagnosed with COPD in this department using two-dimensional echocardiography.Methods: This observational study was conducted on fifty patients admitted with signs and symptoms suggestive of COPD in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. DY Patil Medical College, Navi Mumbai from January 2018 to December 2018. Pulmonary function tests (PFT) were done in all and patients were graded according to the severity of COPD with guidelines given by Global initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Comprehensive two-dimensional echocardiography was performed.Results: The most common age group was 60 to 69 years. There were 68% males and 32% females. Mean body mass index of the patients included in the study was 27.8±8.13 kg/m2. COPD according to the GOLD classification was mild, moderate, severe and very severe in 12%, 36%, 30% and 22% of the patients. PH was diagnosed in 56% of the patients, Cor pulmonale in 54%, right ventricular dilatation in 48%, right atrial dilatation in 38%, inter-ventricular septal wall motion abnormality in 18% and right ventricular failure in 14% of the patients.Conclusions: Echocardiography examination is a reliable method in COPD patient to assess PH and helps in early detection of cardiac complications in COPD cases giving time for early interventions.
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Roy, Prosenjit, Angelia Lalsiemlawm Khawbung, Ubedul Islam, and Swaroop Kumar Baruah. "A Profile of Cardiac Manifestations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Guwahati, Assam." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, no. 35 (2021): 3257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/592.

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BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global issue with smoking being the most important risk factor. Co-existence of both COPD and cardiovascular diseases is very common and has diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic implications. The cardiac manifestations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are numerous. COPD affects pulmonary blood vessels, right ventricle as well as left ventricle leading to the development of pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale, right ventricular dysfunction and left ventricular dysfunction. Because cardiac abnormalities clearly contribute to overall morbidity of COPD, an understanding of their role and potential for treatment is vital. The purpose of this study was to evaluate various cardiac manifestations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and to observe correlation with its severity. METHODS This hospital based observational study was done in Gauhati Medical College and Hospital attending in-patient department (IPD) and out-patient department (OPD) of Department of General Medicine from 1st July 2018 to 30th June 2019. A total of 140 patients were included in this study. RESULTS Majority of the patients were in the age group of 60 - 70 years. Cardiovascular manifestations were most commonly observed in very severe stage of COPD (GOLD IV). Overall, 91 patients had ECG changes. The most common ECG findings were P pulmonale and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and tricuspid regurgitation (TR) were common echocardiography findings. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac manifestations were more prevalent in COPD GOLD III and IV stages and therefore with increasing severity of COPD, occurrence and severity of cardiac complications becomes more prevalent. ECG and echocardiography are essential investigational tools for diagnosing COPD patients with cardiac complications and assessing their severity. However, a prospective study including a larger sample size is required to arrive at a definite conclusion. KEYWORDS COPD, Cardiac manifestations, ECG, Echocardiography, PAH, RVH
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Wanot, Bartosz, Anna Stelmach, and Agnieszka Biskupek-Wanot. "CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE - CRITERIA FOR DIAGNOSIS." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 27, no. 2 (2018): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/2715.

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The tests used to diagnose chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be divided into three groups. These a functional examination, imaging examinations and other tests helpful in the assessment of the disease's advancement. The basic test for suspicion of COPD is spirometry. It can be used to assess lung function noninvasively and quickly. Spirometry allows evaluation of volume components and components of air flow velocity in the lungs. Blood gas measurement is also helpful. Imaging examinations used in the diagnosis of COPD include chest radiograph and computed tomography. The results of these studies show above all the advancement of emphysema and the location of airspace. Additional tests to help diagnose COPD include electrocardiography, echocardiography, morphology and sputum culture. Their results, even though they do not give a clear diagnosis of COPD, can facilitate to make a correct diagnosis.
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Ohab, MA, Devendra Nath Sarkar, Bidhu Bhusan Das, et al. "Right Ventricular Functional Status in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patient." Bangladesh Journal of Medicine 29, no. 2 (2018): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v29i2.37940.

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Aim: To detect the right ventricular status by echocardiography of COPD patients.Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is an increasing cause of chronic morbidity and mortality worldwide. Smoking is the major cause and the patients consult with physicians very much late when become complicated. Echocardiography is the main determinant of outcome of COPD patient. We can assess the level of pulmonary hypertension which leads to right heart failure.Methods : This is a cross sectional study. Study place was Department of Medicine, Rangpur Medical College from 1st July to 30 September 2014.Clinically and post bronchodilator Spiro metrically diagnosed cases were taken. Patients were graded into Mild, Moderate, severe and very severe categories according to GOLD criteria. Statistical analysis was done with echo findings of RV dilatation and hypertrophy by using Chi-square test and statistical significance was taken as p < 0.05Results : Mean age was 61.50 (sd±9.76) years with male predominance. Mean duration of disease was 6.80 ( sd ± 4.71) years. Patients had a mean duration of smoking of 23.2 ±3.6 pack years. ECG and Echo findings such as RV dilatation, RV hypertrophy and pulmonary hypertension were showed significant correlation with severity and duration of disease. Diagnosis of cor-pulmonale was clinically 20%, ECG 50% and echocardiographically 92%.Conclusion : COPD is more common in males in 5th to 7th decade with the smoking history of more than 20 pack years. Most patients have moderate to severe disease at presentation. Echocardiography can detect the RV dysfunction in COPD patient earlier. ECG and Echo findings increase as the severity and duration of the disease increases and echocardiography is better than ECG or clinical methods in detecting RV dysfunction.Bangladesh J Medicine Jul 2018; 29(2) : 63-68
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Echocardiography"

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Baldrick, Francina Rose. "Diet and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527657.

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Alhaddad, Maath. "Cardiopulmonary manifestations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30008/.

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Rationale Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung condition with extrapulmonary manifestations- cardiovascular diseases (CVD), impaired physical function, activity and increased frailty. Integrating measures of function into community assessments is hindered by the space and time required. The association of function, activity and CVD has not been extensively investigated in COPD. Objectives Explore the potential utility of Time Up and Go (TUG) as a measure of physical function in COPD Assess association of non-invasive measures of haemodynamics to physical function and self-reported activity Explore ambulatory haemodynamics in COPD and controls Methods Subjects with COPD (n=119) and controls (n=58) were recruited. Ethical and governance approvals were obtained. A medical history including falls, spirometry, peripheral and central haemodynamics, self-reported physical activity questionnaires and functional assessments (TUG and six-minute walk distance (6MWD)) were obtained from all subjects. Ambulatory 24-hour haemodynamics including aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) and blood pressure were measured in patients (n=20) and controls (n=19). Results TUG mean(SD) was increased in patients 11.9(3.7)s compared to controls 9.5(1.8)s, p < 0.001. In patients, fallers had longer TUG than non-fallers (p=0.02) and a cut-off time of 12s had the highest sensitivity and specificity to detect fallers and non-fallers. Aortic stiffness was not associated to physical function or physical activity, p > 0.05. In the pilot study, significant nocturnal dip in aPWV was seen in controls, p < 0.01, but not in patients, p=0.07. Conclusion TUG could be a useful measure of function and possibly be incorporated into COPD assessment, particularly where time and space are limited. Finally, ambulatory haemodynamic machine, the Mobil-O-Graph, is feasible and offers opportunity to assess 24-hour haemodynamics profile including aPWV as opposed to a one-off measurement.
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McAllister, David Anthony. "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary function and cardiovascular disease." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5615.

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Cardiovascular disease is common in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) independently predicts cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Pathological changes in the systemic vasculature have been proposed as potential mechanisms linking COPD to cardiovascular disease, and patients with COPD may be at increased risk of acute myocardial infarction during acute exacerbations. Notwithstanding causation, FEV1 may be a useful prognostic marker in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. This thesis examined these three aspects of cardiovascular co-morbidity in relation to COPD and FEV1. In 2,241 consecutive cardiac surgery patients, FEV1 was associated with length of hospital stay (p<0.001) and mortality (p<0.001) adjusting for age, sex, height, body mass index, socioeconomic status, smoking, cardiovascular risk factors, chronic pulmonary disease, and type/urgency of surgery. In a survey of Scottish Respiratory Consultants there was no consensus regarding the investigation and management of acute coronary syndrome in exacerbation of COPD. In a case-series of 242 patients with exacerbations 2.5% (95% CI 1.0 to 5.6%) had chest pain, raised serum troponin and serial electrocardiogram changes suggestive of acute coronary syndrome. However, over half reported chest pain, while raised troponin was not associated with chest pain or serial ECG changes. Carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (PWV), aortic distensibility, and aortic calcification were measured to assess the relationship of the systemic vasculature to FEV1 and emphysema severity on CT. In adjusted analyses, emphysema was associated with PWV in patients with COPD (p = 0.006) and, in population based samples, with extent of distal aortic calcification (p=0.02) but not with aortic distensibility (p=0.60). This thesis found that FEV1 was associated with mortality and length of hospital stay in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, and that chest pain and raised troponin were common but unrelated in exacerbation of COPD. In the vascular studies distal but not proximal vascular pathology was associated with FEV1, and if COPD is truly related to systemic arterial disease, the distal arterial tree is implicated.
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John, Michelle. "The extra-pulmonary effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14405/.

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Rationale Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality in patients with COPD. Aortic stiffness, measured using aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), an independent, non-invasive, predictor of CV risk; and inflammatory markers are increased in COPD. Screening tools for community based identification of increased CVD risk, and a proactive approach to addressing primary prevention of CVD is needed. Statins modulate aortic stiffness and are anti-inflammatory, but are not currently used for primary prevention in COPD. Objectives Proof of principle double-blind Randomised Control Trial (RCT) to determine if six weeks simvastatin 20mg od reduces aortic stiffness, systemic and airway inflammation in COPD. Cross-sectional pilot study comparing a non-invasive measure of oxidative stress (skin “AGE”) in COPD and controls, to lung function and aortic stiffness. Methods Stable patients (n=70) were randomised to simvastatin or placebo treatment. Pre- and post-treatment aortic stiffness, blood pressure, spirometry, circulating inflammatory mediators and lipids were measured; airway inflammatory markers were performed where possible. Predefined subgroup analysis was performed where baseline aortic PWV >10m/s. For the cross-sectional study stable COPD patients (n=84) and controls (n=36) had lung function, arterial stiffness and skin AGE measured. Results In the RCT the active group achieved significantly lower total cholesterol, but no significant drop in aortic PWV compared to placebo group: -0.7(95%CI -1.8,0.5)m/s, p=0.24; or inflammatory markers. In those with higher baseline aortic PWV, n=22, aortic PWV improved in the active group compared to placebo: -2.8(-5.2,-0.3)m/s, p=0.03. Skin AGE was increased in COPD compared to controls, inversely related to lung function, and directly related to aortic stiffness. Conclusions We could not detect any significant difference in the change in aortic PWV in patients with COPD taking simvastatin compared to placebo. We did, however, report a significant and clinically relevant reduction in aortic PWV in those with high baseline aortic stiffness, suggesting a potential for statins to reduce CV morbidity in high risk individuals. The pilot cross-sectional study suggests there is an indication to assess the potential role of skin AGE in patients with COPD as a non-invasive measure of CV risk.
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McPherson, E. A. "Equine chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) : publications 1974-1985." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28607.

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Jones, Sharon Scardina. "Evaluating a Discharge Bundle for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4861.

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Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of hospital readmissions within 30 days. Frequent readmissions negatively affect hospital reimbursements and patient outcomes. Creative strategies, such as COPD care bundles, have been shown to reduce readmission rates according to existing studies. A COPD discharge bundle was developed and implemented at 1 community hospital in response to an identified problem with COPD readmissions. Evaluation of this quality improvement initiative was the purpose of this project study. The practice-focused question was: Have 30-day readmission rates changed following the implementation of a COPD discharge bundle prior to transitioning from hospital to home? The framework selected for this project was the model for improvement. Sources of evidence included existing hospital data to evaluate the change in readmissions. The chi-square test of independence was used to assess the difference in frequency of 30-day readmissions. Pre and post-bundle implementation comparisons of readmission rates showed a decrease for 3 out of the 4 groups compared; these results were not statistically significant. Analysis of the post-bundle intervention groups revealed lower 30-day readmissions for individuals who were bundle compliant versus noncompliant and for those who spoke with a pharmacist within 48 hours of discharge opposed to those who did not; these results were statistically significant. Continued use of the bundle and maintaining the role of the pharmacist was recommended. Reduction of readmissions within 30-days has positive social implications for hospitals through financial gains and for the COPD population by improving overall health outcomes.
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Wadell, Karin. "Physical training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - COPD." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-363.

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Bodduluri, Sandeep. "Analysis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using CT images." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2441.

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), a growing health concern, is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. While people habituated to smoking constitute the highest COPD susceptible population, people exposed to air pollution or other lung irritants also form a major group of potential COPD patients. COPD is a progressive disease that is characterized by the combination of chronic bronchitis, small airway obstruction, and emphysema that causes an overall decrease in the lung elasticity affecting the lung tissue. The current gold standard method to diagnose COPD is by pulmonary function tests (PFT) which measures the extent of COPD based on the lung volumes and is further classified into five severity stages. PFT measurements are insensitive to early stages of COPD and also its lack of reproducibility makes it hard to rely on, in assessing the disease progression. Alternatively, Pulmonary CT scans are considered as a major diagnostic tool in analyzing the COPD and CT measures are also closely related to the pathological extent of the disease. Quantification of COPD using features derived from CT images has been proven effective. The most common features are density based and texture based. We propose a new set of features called lung biomechanical features which capture the regional lung tissue deformation patterns during the respiratory cycle. We have tested these features on 75 COPD subjects and 15 normal subjects. We have done classification of COPD/Non COPD on the dataset using the three feature sets and also performed the classification all these subjects to their corresponding severity stage. It is shown that the lung biomechanical features were also able to classify COPD subjects with a good AUC. It is also shown that, by combining the best features from each feature set, there is an improvement in the classifier performance. Multiple regression analysis is performed to find the correlation between the CT derived features and PFT measurements.
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Lewis, A. "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) : patient experiences of COPD and pulmonary rehabilitation : an applied phenomenological study." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/349087/.

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Attendance at Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) in the UK is sub-optimal and reasons for this have been explored. However, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patient experiences have rarely been explored longitudinally through PR regardless of patient participation. Therefore, understanding sub-optimal attendance remains limited for the broad population who are referred. Furthermore, limited Primary Care PR research has been performed, where many programmes are run in the UK. This research aimed to explore COPD patient experiences before and after PR, whether they completed, did not attend, or dropped out of PR. Twenty five participants with COPD (14 males, 11 females) were recruited from two Primary Care Trusts in the UK. These 25 participants were interviewed before PR. Fifteen of the 25 participants were interviewed again after PR regardless of attendance or completion status. Data were collected during semi-structured interviews using phenomenological research methodology. In the pre-programme interviews, participants experienced uncertainty living with COPD in their past, present and future. Uncertainty manifested itself in participants' experience of panic. However, participants compared their condition with others positively. Participants were uncertain about what to expect from PR and the causes and pathophysiology of their COPD. Prior to PR participation, participants were brought closer to the experience of dying, through their breathlessness. The experience of uncertainty reduced following PR programme completion. Non-completers seemed angry with their care, less able to cope with comorbidities or wished to remain naïve regarding COPD. Pulmonary Rehabilitation seemed to enable participant completers to push their perception of being close to dying further into their future. This appeared to strengthen hope and enable a positive attitude to develop. The importance of social comparison in PR and how to manage patients who wish to remain ‘in the dark’ requires further research.
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Noell, Guillaume. "Multi-Level Integrated Analysis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) heterogeneity." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667980.

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Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), including cancer, cardiovascular (heart diseases or stroke), respiratory (COPD or asthma) and metabolic diseases (diabetes) are chronic conditions that represent a major global health problem of the 21st century. All of them, however, are the end-result of a complex set of gene-environment interactions that develop over years and often lead to several NCDs co-existing in the same individual (multi-morbidity). Multi-level integrated analysis has the potential to uncover the heterogeneity of NCDs by conceptualizing them as emergent properties of a complex, non-linear, dynamic and multilevel biological system, or network of biological and environmental interactions. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a NCD of increasing prevalence worldwide that is projected to be by 2020 the third leading cause of death worldwide. It is currently viewed as a broad diagnostic term that encompass a continuum of subtypes each characterized by distinct functional or pathobiological mechanisms (endotypes) and is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. The underlying hypothesis of this PhD Thesis is that multi-level integrated analysis can help us understand highly heterogeneous respiratory diseases such as COPD. Specifically, the following two aspects of COPD heterogeneity will be addressed: 1) Exacerbations of COPD (ECOPD): ECOPD are episodes of worsening of the symptoms whose pathogenesis and biology are not entirely understood. They are heterogeneous events of non-specific diagnosis. Biomarkers analysis and networks medicine were used to uncover novel pathobiological information from the comparison of the multi-level (i.e., clinical, physiological, biological, imaging and microbiological) correlation networks determined during ECOPD and clinical recover. We concluded that ECOPD are characterised by disruption of network homeokinesis that exists during convalescence and can be identified objectively by using a panel of three biomarkers (dyspnoea, circulating neutrophils and CRP levels) frequently determined in clinical practice. 2) Early low lung function and health in later life: In 2015 Lange P. et al. showed that low peak lung function in early adulthood is associated with the diagnosis of COPD later in life. We assessed in three general population cohorts the prevalence of low peak lung function and its association with other clinical or biological parameters - specifically respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic abnormalities – as well as incidence of comorbid diseases during follow-up. We concluded that low peak lung function in early adulthood is common in the general population and could identify a group of individuals at risk of early (cardiovascular, metabolic and systemic) comorbidities and premature death.
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Books on the topic "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Echocardiography"

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Min, Kon Onn, Hansel T. T. 1956-, and Barnes Peter J. 1946-, eds. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: (COPD). Oxford University Press, 2008.

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Min, Kon Onn, Hansel T. T. 1956-, and Barnes Peter J. 1946-, eds. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: (COPD). Oxford University Press, 2008.

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1946-, Barnes Peter J., ed. An atlas of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD. Parthenon Pub. Group, 2004.

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Florida. Agency for Health Care Administration. and Florida. State Center for Health Statistics., eds. Health outcome series: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) hospitalizations. Florida Agency for Health Care Administration, 2004.

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Panel, Canadian Respiratory Review, ed. Guidelines for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Optimal Therapy Initiative, 1998.

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David, Price, ed. Asthma and COPD. Churchill Livingstone, 2004.

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Cazzola, Mario. Acute exacerbations in COPD. Clinical Pub., 2009.

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Bracuk, Diane. Coping with COPD: Managing and living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Grosvenor House Press, 1993.

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Boyles, Christina A. McMillan. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as "disability": Individuals' understanding of living with COPD. Laurentian University, School of Graduate Studies, 2006.

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F, Donner C., ed. COPD is/is not a systemic disease? Nova Science, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Echocardiography"

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Man, William D. C. "Diagnosing COPD." In Managing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470697603.ch2.

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Morgan, Michael D. L. "The Disablement Process in COPD." In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-673-3_3.

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Celli, Bartolome R. "Management Guidelines for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." In COPD. Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-357-8_5.

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Gloeckl, Rainer. "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)." In Manual of Vibration Exercise and Vibration Therapy. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43985-9_22.

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Zaagman-van Buuren, M. J., and N. Geleijns. "COPD (‘chronic obstructive pulmonary disease’)." In Verpleegkundig Vademecum. Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-7326-0_37.

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Gorski, Lisa A. "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)." In Clinical Case Studies in Home Health Care. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118785744.ch9.

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Gao, Congxiao, and Naoyuki Taniguchi. "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)." In Glycoscience: Biology and Medicine. Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54836-2_175-1.

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Gao, Congxiao, and Naoyuki Taniguchi. "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)." In Glycoscience: Biology and Medicine. Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54841-6_175.

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Barnes, Peter J. "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)." In Chemical Biology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118435762.ch13.

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Lawson, Rod. "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_370.

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Conference papers on the topic "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Echocardiography"

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Zhao, Liang, Yang Wang, Xinyu Wang, Rui Lin, Zhanxin Gang, and Baijiang Xu. "Copd-ChatGLM: A Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Diagnostic Model." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm62325.2024.10822841.

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Buklioska Ilievska, Daniela, Jordan Minov, Ivana Mickovski, et al. "Cardiac evaluation of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) using two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography." In ERS Congress 2024 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2024.pa2962.

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Ochea, Bobby Jay, Paula Teresa Sta. Maria, and Leila Diaz. "Echocardiographic findings of Left Ventricular Function of stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients in a tertiary training hospital in Tacloban City." In ERS International Congress 2023 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2023.pa3069.

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Guerra, Diana M., Shirley Jones, and Pamela York. "Enhancing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Care." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a5791.

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Nakamura, Saya, Keiko Wakahara, Suguru Majima, et al. "Periostin levels in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa1074.

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Tashmetova, Gulchekhra. "Early phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa3662.

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Steurer-Stey, Claudia, Alexandra Strassmann, Kaba Dalla Lana, Johann Gauer, Anja Frei, and Milo Puhan. "Sexuality in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (SEXY COPD)." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.1824.

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Shahzadi, M., N. Joyo, and F. Aslam. "Cystic Lung Disease Misdiagnosed as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)." In American Thoracic Society 2023 International Conference, May 19-24, 2023 - Washington, DC. American Thoracic Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2023.207.1_meetingabstracts.a3348.

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Guimaraes, V. A., K. S. Correa, and M. F. Rabahi. "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Plus (COPD+)® as a Friendly App for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a4830.

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Smallwood, Natasha, John Taverner, Claire Bartlett, Lauren Ross, Louis Irving, and Jennifer Philip. "Palliation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)." In ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.pa3767.

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Reports on the topic "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Echocardiography"

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Czerwaty, Katarzyna, Karolina Dżaman, Krystyna Maria Sobczyk, and Katarzyna Irmina Sikrorska. The Overlap Syndrome of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0077.

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Review question / Objective: To provide the essential findings in the field of overlap syndrome of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea, including prevalence, possible predictors, association with clinical outcomes, and severity compared to both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea patients. Condition being studied: OSA is characterized by complete cessation (apnea) or significant decrease (hy-popnea) in airflow during sleep and recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse cause it during sleep leading to nocturnal oxyhemoglobin desaturations and arousals from rest. The recurrent arousals which occur in OSA lead to neurocognitive consequences, daytime sleepiness, and reduced quality of life. Because of apneas and hypopneas, patients are experiencing hypoxemia and hypercapnia, which result in increasing levels of catecholamine, oxidative stress, and low-grade inflammation that lead to the appearance of cardio-metabolic consequences of OSA. COPD is a chronic inflammatory lung disease defined by persistent, usually pro-gressive AFL (airflow limitation). Changes in lung mechanics lead to the main clini-cal manifestations of dyspnea, cough, and chronic expectoration. Furthermore, patients with COPD often suffer from anxiety and depression also, the risk of OSA and insomnia is higher than those hospitalized for other reasons. Although COPD is twice as rare as asthma but is the cause of death eight times more often.
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Wang, Shanshan, Chengsen Cai, Jianjian Yu, Xuejie Si, Jun Wang, and Wenjing Chen. Meta-analysis of Self-Blood Acupoint Injection for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.12.0056.

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Liang, R., D. Liu, HB Li, and ZG Zhai. The efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine formulas in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with pulmonary hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis study. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.10.0041.

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Review question / Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis was intended to evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) formulas in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) complicated with pulmonaryhypertension (PH). Condition being studied: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) complicated with pulmonary hypertension(PH) is classified as the third group PH.According to epidemiology, the most common cause of PH associated with lung diseases and/or hypoxia is COPD, but the prevalence rate of COPD with PH range from 20% to 91% variously. In China, many TCM formulas are regularly used in COPD patients , thus TCM formulas therapy is worth considering.
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Weeks, Julie, and Nazik Elgaddal. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Among Adults Aged 18 Years and Older: United States, 2023. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S., 2025. https://doi.org/10.15620/cdc/174596.

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Liu, Lu, Wenchuan Qi, Qian Zeng, et al. Does acupuncture improve lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease animal model?: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0104.

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Review question / Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, preventable, and treatable disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and progressive airflow obstruction documented on spirometry. Acupuncture, as a safe and economical non-pharmacology therapy, has pronounced therapeutic effects in COPD patients. Several systematic reviews draw the conclusion that acupuncture could improve patients’ quality of life, exercise capacity and dyspnoea, however, the results about lung function were inconclusive. Recently, increasing number of animal studies has been published to illustrate the effects of acupuncture in improving lung function in COPD animal model. However, the efficacy of acupuncture for experimentally induced COPD have not been systematically investigated yet. A systematic review of animal experiments can benefit future experimental designs, promote the conduct and report of basic researches and provide some guidance to translate the achievements of basic researches to clinical application in acupuncture for COPD. Therefore, we will conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate effects of acupuncture on COPD animal model.
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Sonaglioni, Andrea, Massimo Baravelli, Gian Luigi Nicolosi, Michele Lombardo, and Sergio Harari. Effect of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on biventricular mechanics in patients without severe airflow obstruction. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2025. https://doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2025.4.0086.

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Ly, Lena, Jennifer Philip, Peter Hudson, and Natasha Smallwood. Singing for people with advance chronic respiratory diseases: a qualitative meta-synthesis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0017.

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Review question / Objective: This study undertook a meta-synthesis of qualitative data with the aim of collating, synthesizing, and evaluating the current evidence regarding the experiences of singing for people with advanced chronic respiratory disease. Condition being studied: Advanced respiratory illnesses are disorders that impact the airways and other structures of the lung. People with lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) frequently experience progressive, frightening breathlessness, cough and fatigue, which affect their quality of life. Furthermore, people with advanced chronic respiratory disease (CRD) and their carers experience a high prevalence of loneliness and uncertainty, especially if breathlessness is felt to herald death and thus, require both psychological and practical supportive care to cope with their symptoms.
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Wang, Yilan, Sijing Zhao, Zherui Shen, Zhenxing Wang, and Fei Wang. Combination of Jinshuibao Capsules and Conventional Pharmaceutical Treatments for Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0117.

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Review question / Objective: Jinshuibao capsules are derived from Cordyceps, and they have been widely used in the treatment of different diseases. They have also been utilized in the treatment of respiratory diseases, while their effects on patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have remained elusive. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of Jinshuibao capsules plus conventional pharmaceutical treatments (CPT) versus CPT alone for patients with stable COPD. Information sources: It was attempted to conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. In addition, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP Information Resource Integration Service Platform (CQVIP), and China Biomedicine (SinoMed) databases were searched from inception until September 30, 2021. Google Scholar and the China Clinical Trial Registry were also searched for retrieving missing data. In emergency conditions, we contacted the corresponding authors of retrieved studies for collection of additional data.
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Cheng, Junxiong, Sicheng Yi, and Kui Zhang. Effect of the tonifying-Qi prescription of traditional Chinese medicine in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）: a meta-analysis and systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.10.0082.

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Xing, Lei, Hongmin Guo, and Zhiqian Wang. Efficacy and safety of Suzi Jiangqi Decoction in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.8.0035.

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Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms. The respiratory symptoms of patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) worsen rapidly. At present, traditional western medicine treatment can not effectively alleviate the symptoms and attack frequency of patients. Suzi Jiangqi decoction(SZJQ) has a good clinical effect in the treatment of AECOPD. Due to the lack of evidence-based medicine, it can not provide an effective systematic evaluation for the treatment of AECOPD with Suzi Jiangqi decoction. Therefore, it is necessary to provide high-quality evidence evaluation for the clinical efficacy and safety of Suzi Jiangqi Decoction in the treatment of AECOPD. Methods: Two researchers independently retrieved randomized controlled trial (RCT) and quasi-RCTs of SZJQ in the treatment of AECOPD from databases including PubMed, Web of science, the Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, Sinomed, VIP and WanFang.The included studies were evaluated for quality according to the RCT quality assessment method provided by Cochrane Reviewer's Handbook 5.3.Review Manager 5.3 software provided by the Cochrane collaboration was used for meta-analysis. Results: This study will provide systematic review on the efficacy and safety of SZJQ as adjuvant therapy in patients with AECOPD by rigorous quality assessment and reasonable data synthesis. Conclusions: This systematic review will provide the good evidence currently on SZJQ as adjuvant therapy in patients with AECOPD.
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