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1
Jha, Anil Kumar, J. B. Singh, and S. P. Raut. "MICROORGANISMS IN CHRONIC OTITIS MEDIA WITH EFFUSION." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 41, no. 142 (2003): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.753.
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A total of 100 patient with otitis media effusion obtained from patients suffering fromchronic otitis media with effusions was examined for bacterial smear and culture. Inmucoid effusion 82% showed positive bacterial smear, only 35% yielded positivebacterial culture. Bacterial cultures rate was higher in serous (50%) effusion. Theisolation of common pathogens accounted for the remaining 42%. The high incidenceof microorganisms in the middle ear effusions in the present study indicates bacterialcontribution in many cases of otitis media effusion. Concerning the sterile nature ofthe middle ear fluid some investigators suggested that the effusions are transudatesand are created by a negative pressure in the tympanum due to a malfunctioningEustachian tube.2It was suggested that failure to isolate organisms may be partly dueto the antimicrobial characteristics of effusions. The purpose of this study is to showpossible role of bacteria in Middle Ear Effusions.Key Words: Otitis Media, Effusion, Microorganisms.
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Hsu, Griffith S., Samuel C. Levine, and G. Scott Giebink. "Management of Otitis Media Using Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Guidelines." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 118, no. 4 (1998): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989811800402.
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Increased costs of managing otitis media and its complications may result from delays in diagnosis and treatment. The Agency for Health Care Policy and Research developed guidelines to assist in the management of chronic otitis media with effusion. We examined the medical care adherence to Agency for Health Care Policy and Research guidelines in 59 consecutive patients referred because of chronic otitis media with effusion and recurrent acute otitis media. Patient history and examination data were collected prospectively. In the group with chronic otitis media with effusion, the rate of adherence to Agency for Health Care Policy and Research guidelines was 0%; in those with recurrent acute otitis media, adherence was 5%. Delayed referral occurred in 34% of patients; 25% of patients were referred early. The average duration of effusion in patients with chronic otitis media with effusion was 5.2 months; the duration of recurrent acute otitis media immediately before referral was 9.3 months. Eighteen patients (47%) in the chronic otitis media with effusion group had a history of recurrent chronic otitis media with effusion spanning an average of 22.7 months. On referral, hearing loss was discovered in 92% of all patients, and in 69% the tympanogram was flat. The complication and sequelae rate was 49.1%, and speech delay was the most frequent at 16.9%. We conclude that in our study patients there is a significant referral delay, long history of chronic otitis media with effusion in patients before referral, high rate of hearing loss, and high complication rate. Continued efforts should be directed toward improving education of all clinicians so that diagnostic tools and timely otolaryngologic referral are better used.
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Daly, K. A., L. L. Hunter, and G. S. Giebink. "Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion." Pediatrics in Review 20, no. 3 (1999): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.20-3-85.
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Daly, Kathleen A., Lisa L. Hunter, and G. Scott Giebink. "Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion." Pediatrics In Review 20, no. 3 (1999): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.20.3.85.
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Poehlman, George S. "CHRONIC OTITIS MEDIA WITH EFFUSION." Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 23, no. 4 (1996): 687–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0095-4543(05)70357-2.
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Maxson, Suzanne, and Terry Yamauchi. "Acute Otitis Media." Pediatrics In Review 17, no. 6 (1996): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.17.6.191.
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Definitions Acute otitis media with effusion (AOME) is a clinically identifiable, suppurative infection of the middle ear. The infection has a relatively sudden onset and short duration. It denotes inflammation of the mucoperiosteal lining of the middle ear. The inflamed tympanic membrane (TM) is bulging, opacified, or both. The condition chronic otitis media is poorly defined, but it may be categorized into two clinical entities for simplification: chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) and chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). COME, also known as serous or non-suppurative otitis media, is characterized by the presence of a middle ear effusion (MEE) behind an intact TM that persists for more than 2 to 3 months. It may be asymptomatic except for hearing loss. There generally are no acute clinical signs or symptoms, and the TM is not red or bulging. CSOM is characterized by chronic perforation of the TM, with purulent discharge, for a prolonged period of time, usually more than 6 weeks. There generally is an insidious clinical onset. Either COME or CSOM may follow AOME. Epidemiology Otitis media is one of the most frequent causes for physician visits by children. Approximately 25% of such visits during the first year of life are for middle ear disease; this increases to 40% for children 4 to 5 years of age.
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Kaya, S., E. Selimoğlu, S. Cureoğlu, and M. A. Selimoğlu. "Relationship between chronic otitis media with effusion and overweight or obesity in children." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 131, no. 10 (2017): 866–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221511700161x.
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AbstractObjectives:Otitis media with effusion and obesity are both common in childhood and might share some immunological alterations. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between chronic otitis media with effusion and childhood overweight or obesity, including the potential effects of adenoid or tonsillar hypertrophy on that relationship.Methods:This study included 60 children with chronic otitis media with effusion and 86 healthy children aged from 2 to 10 years. Measures of height and weight were used to calculate the body mass index, weight for height and weight z score.Results:The prevalence of overweight or obesity was higher in children with chronic otitis media with effusion, according to the weight for height percentiles (p = 0.012). However, neither the presence of adenoid or tonsillar hypertrophy nor the degree of adenoid hypertrophy was associated with overweight or obesity.Conclusion:Overweight and obesity might be risk factors for developing chronic otitis media with effusion, or vice versa.
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Finkelstein, Y., Y. P. Talmi, Y. Rubel, J. Bar-Ziv, and Y. Zohar. "Otitis media with effusion as a presenting symptom of chronic sinusitis." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 103, no. 9 (1989): 827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100110229.
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AbstractOtitis media with effusion was the presenting symptom in 23 per cent of patients suffering from chronic sinusitis. The inter-relationship between chronic sinusitis and otitis media with effusion was studied in 29 patients. Endoscopic evaluation of intranasal structures including sinus ostia and Eustachian tube orifices was carried out. We further suggest that otitis with media with effusion is not a separate entity but a presentation of sinus disease, predominantly of the ethmoid system. Patients with otitis media with effusion should be evaluated for sinusitis and vice versa. The value of careful nasendoscopy is demonstrated.
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Davcheva-Chakar, Marina, Ana Kaftandzhieva, and Beti Zafirovska. "Adenoid Vegetations – Reservoir of Bacteria for Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion and Chronic Rhinosinusitis." PRILOZI 36, no. 3 (2015): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/prilozi-2015-0080.
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Abstract Introduction: Otitis media and rhinosinusitis are commonly encountered illnesses in pediatric population. Literature reports have documented the association between the occurrence of these two conditions and even their almost identical microbiological findings. Until recently, the key factor in the association of these two conditions was considered to be the hypertrophic adenoid tissue, but within the past few years there have been evidences in the literature about the presence of bacterial biofilms on the adenoids suggesting biofilms to be also responsible for both conditions, chronic otitis media with effusion and chronic rhinosinusitis. Aim: The aim of this study was to make a microbiological analysis of the adenoid tissue specimens taken from patients with chronic otitis media with effusion and chronic or recurrent rhinosinusitis and to determine their potential for biofilms formation. Methods: After the surgical intervention, adenoidectomy, microbiological evaluation and analysis of the adenoid tissue specimens taken from 20 patients were made. Having in mind the disease history, chronic otitis media with effusion was diagnosed in all 20 patients and chronic rhinosinusitis in 9 patients. Results: The results obtained from the microbiological analyses showed many potentially pathogenic bacteria in the adenoids that were almost identical with the most common organisms incorporated in the etiopathogenesis of both conditions, in chronic otitis media with effusion and in chronic rhinosinusitis. In 7 (35%) patients Haemophylus influenzae was isolated, in 6 (30%) Streptococcus pneumoniae, in 4 (20%) Moraxella catаrrhalis, in 2 (10%) patients Staphylococcus aureus and in 1 (5%) patient Streptococcus pyogenes - group A was isolated. One bacterium was isolated from all adenoid vegetations, except in one case when two bacteria (Haemophylus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus) were concurrently isolated. Conclusion: Our results have shown that the key role in adenoid vegetations in chronic otitis media with effusion and chronic rhinosinusitis is not only the mechanism of rhinopharyngeal obstruction, but also the presence of bacterial strains with a large potential for formation of biofilms adhered to their surface, especially in cases with symptoms of chronic otitis media with effusion and chronic rhinosinusitis that were resistant to antibiotic therapy.
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Wasson, J. D., and M. W. Yung. "Evidence-based management of otitis media: a 5S model approach." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 129, no. 2 (2015): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215114003363.
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AbstractObjective:The 5S model proposes five hierarchical levels (systems, summaries, synopses, syntheses and studies) of pre-appraised evidence to guide evidence-based practice. This review aimed to identify and summarise pre-appraised evidence at the highest available 5S level for the management of different subsets of otitis media: acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, chronic suppurative otitis media and cholesteatoma in both adults and children.Method:Data sources were pre-appraised evidence resources. Evidence freely available from sources at the highest available level of the 5S model were summarised for this review.Results:System level evidence exists for acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion. Summary level evidence exists for recurrent acute otitis media and medical management of chronic suppurative otitis media. There is an absence of randomised controlled trials to prove the efficacy of surgical management of chronic suppurative otitis media and cholesteatoma.Conclusion:Until randomised controlled trial data are generated, consensus publications on the surgical management of chronic suppurative otitis media and cholesteatoma should be used to guide best practice.
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Fachir, Farisa Shauma, Nur Qamariah, and Dona Marisa. "Hubungan Tonsilitis Kronis dan Otitis Media Efusi di Bagian THT RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin Tahun 2014." Berkala Kedokteran 12, no. 1 (2016): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jbk.v12i1.353.
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Abstract: Chronic tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsil was settled as a result of recurrent of acute or subclinical infection which is marked by the widening of the tonsil crypts and size can be enlarged (hypertrophy) or shrink (atrophy). Otitis media effusion is a state of the serous secretion in the middle ear with an intact tympanic membrane without symptoms and signs of acute inflammation. Primary mechanism that role in the occurrence of otitis media with effusion is eustachian tube disruption, and it is could due to enlarged tonsils. The aims of this study were to determine the relationship between chronic tonsillitis and otitis media with effusion in otorhinolaryngology (ENT) at Ulin general hospital Banjarmasin in 2014. The study was an observational analytic with cross sectional approach. Samples were 526 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Relationship between chronic tonsillitis and otitis media with effusion was tested using Fisher test with Epi info application and the result showed that p=0,245. It was concluded that there is no relationship between chronic tonsillitis and otitis media with effusion.Keywords: chronic tonsillitis, otitis media with effusion Abstrak: Tonsilitis kronis adalah peradangan tonsil yang menetap sebagai akibat infeksi akut atau subklinis yang berulang yang tandai oleh adanya pelebaran kripta dan ukuran tonsil yang dapat membesar (hipertrofi) ataupun mengecil (atrofi). Otitis media efusi adalah sebuah keadaan adanya sekret nonpurulen di dalam telinga bagian tengah dengan membran timpani yang utuh, tanpa adanya gejala dan tanda inflamasi akut. Mekanisme utama yang berperan dalam terjadinya otitis media efusi adalah terganggunya fungsi tuba eustachius, salah satunya akibat ukuran tonsil yang membesar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan tonsillitis kronis dan otitis media efusi di bagian THT RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin tahun 2014. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel berjumlah 526 orang pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil uji Fisher dengan aplikasi Epi info, didapatkan p=0,245. Kesimpulan tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara tonsilitis kronis dan otitis media efusi di bagian THT RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin tahun 2014. Kata-kata kunci: tonsilitis kronis, otitis media efusi
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Giebink, G. Scott, Margaret K. Hostetter, Barbara A. Carlson, Chap T. Le, Seth V. Hetherington, and S. K. Juhn. "Bacterial and Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Contribution to Middle Ear Inflammation in Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 94, no. 4 (1985): 398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348948509400414.
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Bacteria can be cultured from approximately one third of chronic middle ear effusions, yet the contribution of these bacteria to the pathogenesis of chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) is not clear due to the absence of signs and symptoms of acute infection in most children with this disease. To explore the role of bacteria in chronic OME, lysozyme, lactoferrin, serum complement factors C3 and C5a, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) chemotaxin content was measured in 21 chronic middle ear effusion samples. Concentrations of lysozyme, lactoferrin, and chemotaxin were significantly higher in culture-positive than in sterile effusions. Lysozyme appeared to be contributed by both PMNL and non-PMNL sources in the middle ear space. These non-PMNL sources, presumably middle ear epithelial cells, accounted for 50% to 80% of the lysozyme variation in middle ear effusion. Although C3 and C5a were present in effusion, chemotaxin content correlated poorly with the C3 and C5a content, suggesting that chemotaxins were derived from bacterial peptides rather than from complement activation products. These results suggest that bacteria contribute to chronic middle ear inflammation with effusion. The eradication of bacteria from chronic middle ear effusion might disrupt the host responses which maintain chronic OME.
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Juhn, Steven K., William J. Garvis, Chap T. Le, Chris J. Lees, and C. S. Kim. "Determining Otitis Media Severity from Middle Ear Fluid Analysis." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 103, no. 5_suppl (1994): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00034894941030s512.
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Otitis media has a complex multifactorial pathogenesis, and the middle ear inflammatory response is typified by the accumulation of cellular and chemical mediators in middle ear effusion. However, specific biochemical and immunochemical factors that may be responsible for the severity or chronicity of otitis media have not been identified. Identification of factors involved in chronicity appears to be an essential step in the treatment and ultimate prevention of chronic otitis media. We analyzed 70 effusion samples from patients 1 to 10 years of age who had chronic otitis media with effusion for two cytokines (interleukrn-1β and tumor necrosis factor α) and total collagenase. The highest concentrations of all three inflammatory mediators were found in purulent otitis media, and concentrations were higher in younger than in older patients. Mediator concentrations were similar in samples obtained from patients having their first myringotomy for otitis media with effusion and in those who had had multiple previous myringotomies. The multiresponse star, which incorporates several biochemical parameters in one graphic illustration, may best characterize the complex nature of middle ear inflammation.
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Bajaj, Anubha. "The Aural Defilement-Otitis Media." Journal of Virology and Viral Diseases 2, no. 1 (2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54289/jvvd2200103.
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Otitis media is an infectious disease arising within the middle ear. Otitis media emerges as an acute or chronic inflammation or infection of middle ear cavity or middle ear space. The condition is preponderantly constituted of acute otitis media, chronic suppurative otitis media and otitis media with effusion. A globally discerned infection, otitis media appears due to diverse bacterial or viral agents although fungal or pneumocystis infection can exceptionally appear in immunocompromised or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected subjects.
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Nell, Marja J., Henk K. Koerten, and Jan J. Grote. "Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein Prevents Mucosal Damage in an Experimental Rat Model of Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 5 (2000): 2992–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.5.2992-2994.2000.
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ABSTRACT In this study, the efficacy of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) was assessed in a rat model of chronic otitis media with effusion. BPI injection prevented disturbance of the mucociliary clearance system of the middle ear. Hence, it is postulated that BPI can be a new therapy for chronic otitis media with effusion.
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Gates, George A., Christine Wachtendorf, G. Richard Holt, and Erwin M. Hearne. "Medical Treatment of Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion (Secretory Otitis Media)." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 94, no. 3 (1986): 350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459988609400316.
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To determine whether antimicrobial therapy is of value in the treatment of chronic otitis media with effusion (secretory otitis media), we treated 1,429 4- to 8-year-old children—2224 affected ears—with a fixed regimen of an antibiotic mixture (Pediazole) for 10 days and a decongestant (Novated) for 30 days. We observed the children monthly to determine the rate of clearance. Validity of diagnosis was greater than 90% with an algorithm of pneumatic otoscopy and tympanometry. Medication compliance was not measured. At 1 month, 45% of the children (48% of the ears) had cleared and at 2 months, 60% of the children (63% of the ears) had cleared. Factors such as sex and prior treatment in the preceding 3 months were no different in the cured vs. the uncured groups. Age significantly Influenced the cure rate ( P < 0.0001); the older the child, the higher the clearance rate. Tympanograms type 5, 8, and 12–14 were significantly more prevalent in the uncleared group ( P = 0.0001). The clear rate for unilateral cases was 76% and for bilateral cases, 47% ( P < 0.0001). Children with chronic otitis media with effusion are most likely to be cured by medical therapy/time if they are older, have unilateral disease, or a peaked tympanogram. Surgery should be withheld in these children for 2 or more months to permit the highest rate of spontaneous resolution.
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Hunter, Lisa L., Robert H. Margolis, and G. Scott Giebink. "Identification of Hearing Loss in Children with Otitis Media." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 103, no. 5_suppl (1994): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00034894941030s516.
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Hearing loss is the most common complication of otitis media. Hearing loss secondary to otitis media has increasingly been associated with significant developmental and educational problems. However, not enough is known about the peripheral auditory effects of otitis media. The young age of most children affected by otitis media makes detailed audiologic assessment challenging. This paper presents a brief synopsis of audiologic strategies that may be employed to assess the hearing status of infants and children with otitis media with effusion. Data pertaining to the risk of hearing loss recurrence after tympanostomy tube insertion are presented from a prospective longitudinal study of hearing in children with chronic otitis media with effusion.
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Diamond, C., P. R. Sisson, A. M. Kearns, and H. R. Ingham. "Bacteriology of chronic otitis media with effusion." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 103, no. 4 (1989): 369–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100108989.
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AbstractSamples of middle ear effusions from 102 children with serous and mucoid otitis media were cultured for mycoplasmas and bacteria. No sample yielded mycoplasmas but bacteria were cultured from 48 (47 per cent). Organisms commonly regarded as pathogens were present in 25 samples (Haemophilus influenzae 17, Streptococcus pneumoniae four, other streptococci four). The only sample from which anaerobic bacteria were isolated was from a patient with cholesteatoma.
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Diven, Warren F., Robert H. Glew, and Karen L. LaMarco. "Hydrolase Activity in Acute Otitis Media with Effusion." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 94, no. 4 (1985): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348948509400417.
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Biochemical studies of middle ear effusions (MEE) from patients with chronic or recurrent otitis media with effusion (OME) have demonstrated the presence of significant levels of certain hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes. We have examined MEE from patients with acute OME for the content of a number of lysosomal hydrolases and find no significant differences in the mean values for acid phosphatase, α-mannosidase, β-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, hexosaminidase, and neuraminidase between purulent and serous effusions. In every case, the mean activities of these enzymes were greater in culture-positive than in culture-negative effusions although this difference was significant only in the case of neuraminidase. Neuraminidase activity was detected in 78% of those MEEs from which Streptococcus pneumoniae could be cultured and in only 32% to 64% of all other effusions. No correlation was observed between the level of neuraminidase released into the extracellular growth medium and the infectivity of various strains of S pneumoniae.
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Dzhoraeva, Farzona, Zarina Akhrorova, and Abdukholik Makhamadiev. "OTITIS MEDIA IN CHILDREN: MODERN APPROACHES TO THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT." AVICENNA BULLETIN 26, no. 4 (2024): 640–53. https://doi.org/10.25005/2074-0581-2024-26-4-640-653.
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This review presents the latest data on preventing and treating otitis media in children. Despite the high prevalence of this inflammatory condition affecting the middle ear and the extensive research focused on finding the most effective strategies, several unresolved issues continue to generate active discussions among specialists. Scientific guidelines for the use of antibiotics in various conditions remain generalized. This generalization is primarily due to limited studies that can reliably identify the most effective antibacterial therapies for short-term and long-term management. Specifically, otitis media, a common condition, still lacks sufficient analysis and response from the scientific community, leaving critical questions about its onset, progression, and effective treatment options unanswered. This situation underscores the need for more detailed scientific research in this area. A literature search was conducted using several databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and eLibrary. The search employed keywords such as "acute otitis media", "otitis media with effusion", "chronic suppurative otitis media", "conservative treatment", "antibiotic therapy", "surgical treatment". and "prevention". Keywords: Acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, chronic suppurative otitis media, conservative treatment, antibiotic therapy, surgical treatment, prevention.
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Hurst, David S., and Per Venge. "Levels of Eosinophil Cationic Protein and Myeloperoxidase from Chronic Middle Ear Effusion in Patients with Allergy and/or Acute Infection." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 114, no. 4 (1996): 531–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-59989670244-9.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Allergy may play a role in the middle ear inflammation that leads to otitis media with effusion. The purpose of this study was to determine whether an elevated mediator correlated with the patient's disease and thus could be used to differentiate allergy vs. infection as the cause of the middle ear inflammation. METHODS: We evaluated 57 individuals with otitis media with effusion, 32 with persistent effusion but no recent acute infection, 14 with recent infection and purulent otitis media with effusion, and 11 healthy subjects. The mediator activity of eosinophils and neutrophils in effusion was studied in patients characterized as having allergy by positive intradermal skin test results and positive radioallergosorbent test results. Eosinophils were characterized by measurement of eosinophil cationic protein in the effusion. Neutrophils were characterized by measurement of myeloperoxidase in the effusion. The levels of eosinophil cationic protein and myeloperoxidase in patients with and without allergy were correlated to patient history. RESULTS: Significantly elevated levels of both eosinophil cationic protein and myeloperoxidase indicated that inflammation in the ear of patients with otitis media with effusion was characterized by a pronounced involvement of both eosinophils and neutrophils. Eighty-nine percent of all patients with disease had allergy. A higher ratio of myeloperoxidase to eosinophil cationic protein in patients with purulent otitis media with effusion indicated that in patients with a superimposed acute infection, neutrophil activity was increased even further. The level of eosinophil cationic protein was elevated only during the effusion of patients with allergies as compared with controls ( p < 0.01). Among 29 cases of nonpurulent otitis media with effusion, 96.5% had allergic immune-mediated disease proved by skin testing, which was related clinically to their ear disease. Eighty-nine percent (89.6%) of these patients had eosinophil cationic protein levels greater than 10 μg/L. CONCLUSION: Middle ear eosinophil cationic protein may be used as a marker of related allergy.
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Gates, George A., Harlan R. Muntz, and Brendan Gaylis. "Adenoidectomy and Otitis Media." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 101, no. 1_suppl (1992): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00034894921010s106.
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Adenoid enlargement has traditionally been considered a factor in otitis media; adenoid size, however, does not appear to be correlated with otitis media occurrence. Presence of pathogenic bacteria in the adenoids of children with otitis media has been shown, and adenoidectomy appears to affect the middle ear primarily by removal of the source of infection in the nasopharynx. Three recent randomized, controlled studies showed the efficacy of adenoidectomy in the treatment of chronic secretory otitis media. In one study comparing no treatment, adenoidectomy, and adenotonsillectomy, a significant benefit was seen with adenoidectomy that was not enhanced by tonsillectomy. Another study that compared adenoidectomy, tympanostomy tubes, and a combination of the two showed a significant reduction in effusion time and less surgical retreatment over 2 years in the two adenoidectomy groups. The third study demonstrated the effect of adenoidectomy in children with recurrent chronic otitis media with effusion after failure of tympanostomy tube insertion. All three studies showed that the effect of adenoidectomy was independent of adenoid size. This review discusses current concepts of adenoid physiology and pathology, the major adenoidectomy studies, and indications for the procedure.
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Kalesnikava, Sviatlana M., Elena P. Merkulava, and Katsiaryna S. Yadchanka. "Risk factors for the formation of effusion in tympanic cavity and its clinical features in adults." Science and Innovations in Medicine 6, no. 2 (2021): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35693/2500-1388-2021-6-2-25-29.
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Objectives to analyse the risk factors for developing effusion in the tympanic cavity in adults.
 Material and methods. We examined patients who were treated for otitis media with effusion (n=51) aged 18-70 years in the ENT department of the 11 Minsk City Clinical Hospital and the Gomel Regional Clinical Hospital during the 2018-2020 years.
 Results. The acute otitis media with effusion was significantly prevailing in patients of the age group 31-40 years, the chronic form predominated in people of 51-60 years old, and in all analyzed groups women dominated. In 81% of chronic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses the chronic form of otitis media with effusion prevails.
 Conclusion. The most frequent risk factors for the formation of the tympanic exudate were inflammatory diseases of the paranasal sinuses, pathology of the nasal cavity, predominantly female sex of working age. According to the research, it was reliably proved that smoking and rural or urban residence were not a risk factor for the formation of tympanic effusion.
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Terzi, S., A. Özgür, Ö. Ç. Erdivanli, et al. "Diagnostic value of the wideband acoustic absorbance test in middle-ear effusion." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 129, no. 11 (2015): 1078–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215115002339.
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AbstractObjectives:This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of wideband acoustic absorbance testing in otitis media with effusion.Methods:This prospective study compared middle-ear wideband acoustic absorbance rates in three paediatric patient groups: a healthy group of 34 volunteers; 48 patients diagnosed with otitis media with effusion; and 28 patients with chronic effusion but no sign of effusion during myringotomy. The diagnostic value of absorbance testing was analysed with the receiver operating characteristic test.Results:The wideband acoustic absorbance rate was significantly lower in the otitis media with effusion group than in both the otitis media and healthy groups at the 0.375–2 kHz averaged mean absorbance (p < 0.017 and p < 0.001, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed the highest diagnostic value for the 0.375–2 kHz averaged mean (area under the curve 0.984), followed by those at 1 and 1.5 kHz (area under the curve: 0.973 and 0.967, respectively).Conclusion:The wideband acoustic absorbance test is more accurate for detecting middle-ear effusion compared with conventional 226-Hz tympanometry. Its practicality and objectivity suggest that the wideband acoustic absorbance test may be a better alternative for diagnosing otitis media with effusion.
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Doyle, Karen Jo, Ying Yee Kong, Karen Strobel, Patricia Dallaire, and R. Mark Ray. "Neonatal Middle Ear Effusion Predicts Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion." Otology & Neurotology 25, no. 3 (2004): 318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00129492-200405000-00020.
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Gates, George A., J. C. Cooper, Christine A. Avery, and Thomas J. Prihoda. "Chronic Secretory Otitis Media: Effects of Surgical Management." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 98, no. 1_suppl2 (1989): 2–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00034894890981s202.
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To study the effectiveness of adenoidectomy and tympanostomy tubes in the treatment of chronic otitis media with effusion, we randomly assigned 578 4- to 8-year-old children to receive one of the following: Bilateral myringotomy and no additional treatment (group 1), tympanostomy tubes (group 2), adenoidectomy and myringotomy (group 3), or adenoidectomy and tympanostomy tubes (group 4). The 491 who accepted surgical treatment were evaluated at 6-week intervals for up to 2 years. Treatment effect was assessed by four main outcomes: Time with effusion, time with hearing loss, time to first recurrence of effusion, and number of surgical re-treatments. For the groups (in order), the mean percent of time with any effusion in either ear was 49, 35, 30, 26 (p < .0001); the mean percent of time with hearing thresholds 20 dB or greater was 19, 10, 8, and 7 (p < .0001) in the better ear; and 38, 30, 22 and 22 in the worse ear (p < .0001); the median number of days to first recurrence was 54, 222, 92, and 240 (p < .0001); and the number of surgical re-treatments was 66, 36, 17, and 17 (p < .0001). The most notable adverse sequela, purulent otorrhea, occurred in 22%, 29%, 11%, and 24% of the patients assigned to groups 1 through 4, respectively (p < .001). In severely affected children who have chronic otitis media with effusion resistant to medical therapy, adenoidectomy is an effective treatment. Adenoidectomy plus bilateral myringotomy lowered posttreatment morbidity more than tympanostomy tubes alone and to the same degree as did adenoidectomy and tympanostomy tubes. Adenoidectomy appears to modify the underlying pathophysiology of chronic otitis media with effusion. This effect is independent of the preoperative size of the adenoid. Tympanostomy tube drainage and ventilation of the middle ear provide adequate palliation so long as the tubes remain in place and functioning. We recommend that adenoidectomy be considered in the initial surgical management of 4- to 8-year-old children with hearing loss due to chronic secretory otitis media that is refractory to medical management and, further, that the size of the adenoid not be used as a criterion for adenoidectomy. Concomitant bilateral myringotomy with suction aspiration of the middle ear contents also should be done, with or without placement of tympanostomy tubes at the discretion of the surgeon.
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Himi, Tetsuo, Toshio Suzuki, Hiroyuki Takezawa, Hiroyuki Kodama, and Akikatsu Kataura. "Immunologic Characteristics of Cytokines in Otitis Media with Effusion." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 101, no. 10_suppl (1992): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489492101s1006.
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Levels of cytokines, interleukin (IL)–1α, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were investigated in samples of the middle ear effusions (MEEs) from 144 ears with otitis media with effusion (OME) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, followed by cytologic analysis. Middle ear effusions of the acute purulent type contained a significantly higher concentration of cytokines compared with normal control sera (p < .001). Cytokines were observed at lower levels in MEE in adults than in children. Tests of children at the chronic stage of MEE showed higher levels of TNF than IL-1 and GM-CSF. Meanwhile, IL-1β showed significantly higher concentrations in acute purulent types than in serous and mucoid types (p < .01). In cytologic analysis, the mean level of IL-1β was significantly higher in the neutrophil-rich group than in other groups (p < .05). Cytokines possess several biologic properties, some of which are associated not only with acute otitis media but also with chronic otitis media. This study showed that cytokines, especially IL-1β, contribute to infiltration into the middle ear by inflammatory cells. This implies that the persistent presence of cytokines in MEE could be a factor in prolonged OME.
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Cohen, D., D. Raveh, U. Peleg, Y. Nazarian, and R. Perez. "Ventilation and clearance of the middle ear." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 123, no. 12 (2009): 1314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215109991034.
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AbstractObjective:To investigate the ventilation and drainage mechanism of the middle ear.Study design:Prospective.Setting:We observed 304 (of 337) middle ears with tympanic membrane perforation or myringotomy (102 normal, 90 with otitis media with effusion and 112 with chronic otitis media); 912 observations were recorded overall. Perforations were covered with solution, creating a fluid film, and inspected for gas bubbling at rest, and for outward and inward movement of the fluid film during swallowing. We also noted the inflammatory condition of the ear (i.e. dry, wet or purulent) and the perforation size.Results:Ears sometimes reacted differently in various sessions. Due to these differences, reactions were classified as ‘types’ of reactions rather than ‘ears’. We refer to 449 ‘types’ of 304 ears. Spontaneous gas bubbling at rest (indicating gas production) was observed in 98 per cent of normal types, 68 per cent of otitis media with effusion types and 65 per cent of chronic otitis media types. Evacuation towards the eustachian tube was observed in 47 per cent, no movement in 46 per cent and outward movement in 9 per cent. During swallowing, inward movement of the fluid film was observed in 74 per cent of normal types, 41 per cent of otitis media with effusion types and 32 per cent of chronic otitis media types.Conclusions:We found no support for the theory that the eustachian tube supplies air to the middle ear during swallowing. The normal middle ear produces gas which is evacuated by the Eustachian tube. In ears with otitis media, this mechanism appears to be impaired.
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Shaw, Collie B., Neal Obermyer, Stephen J. Wetmore, George A. Spirou, and R. Wesley Farr. "Incidence of Adenovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 113, no. 3 (1995): 234–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(95)70111-7.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the role of adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in the cause of chronic otitis media with effusion by use of the polymerase chain reaction for detection. The polymerase chain reaction has proved to be more sensitive and specific than viral cultures and immunoassays in the detection of viruses in other specimens. Adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus were chosen because these viruses have been the most commonly isolated viruses in middle ear effusions in studies using other techniques. The effusions (132 total) were sterilely collected from 88 children undergoing myringotomy and ventilation tube placement for chronic otitis media with effusion. Nine (6.8%) specimens were positive for adenovirus by the polymerase chain reaction, and 13 (9.9%) were positive for respiratory syncytial virus by the polymerase chain reaction. Only one specimen was positive for adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus by viral culture and immunofluorescence, respectively. Our results show that the polymerase chain reaction can be used to detect adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in chronic middle ear effusions and that PCR is more sensitive than viral culture and immunofluorescence techniques.
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Kuznetsova, N. E. "Comorbidities of exudative otitis media in children: focus on cough." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 1 (February 26, 2024): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/ms2024-022.
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Introduction. Otitis media with effusion (OME) is the most common and asymptomatic form of otitis in preschool children, accompanied by the accumulation of exudate in the middle ear with the development of conductive and mixed hearing loss. The article discusses data on the nature of comorbid diseases in exudative otitis media and modern ideas about the effectiveness of a combination drug for concomitant bronchopulmonary pathology in children.Aim. To study the nature of comorbid diseases in OME and evaluate the effectiveness of a combined expectorant drug in the treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infections.Materials and methods. 104 children diagnosed with acute and chronic otitis media with effusion were examined. All children were divided into 2 groups: Group I (50 people) with acute otitis media with effusion, Group II (54 people) with chronic otitis media with effusion. The average age of children in group I was 5.02 ± 0.48 years with the highest prevalence in the younger group (70%), the average age of children in group II was 5.87 ± 0.47 years with the highest prevalence in the preschool and primary school groups (88%). Group I children with tracheitis and bronchitis received a combined expectorant.Results and discussions. The recurrent course of otitis media with effusion is supported by allergies in 43%, and by pathology of the upper and lower respiratory tract in 34%. The development of hearing loss leads to dysarthria in 26% of cases, which can undoubtedly negatively affect the further social adaptation of the child. Complex therapy of cough with a combined expectorant gave a positive clinical effect in 95% of cases, reduced the need for systemic antibiotics by 2.5 times, shortened the duration of the disease by 1.7 times.Conclusions. Early diagnosis of comorbid diseases in AOME at a young age, timely complex treatment of bronchopulmonary pathology will prevent the development of COME with impaired speech development in older children.
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Paparella, Michael M., and Oleg Froymovich. "Surgical Advances in Treating Otitis Media." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 103, no. 5_suppl (1994): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00034894941030s514.
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Surgical methods of treating otitis media and its sequelae are discussed, according to the classification of otitis media presented in an earlier report Surgical management of otitis media with effusion and recurrent purulent otitis media includes myringotomy and use of ventilation tubes. Occasionally, otitis media with effusion will lead to structural and other pathologic changes in the middle ear, and conservative treatments such as use of medication or tubes will not suffice. Indications and methods for exploratory tympanotomy and reconstruction of the middle ear are discussed. In such instances, tympanoplasty can be used to the patient's benefit Chronic otitis media with mastoiditis, defined by the presence of intractable pathologic tissue, generally requires surgical correction. Classic methods include simple mastoidectomy, modified radical (Bondy) mastoidectomy, and radical mastoidectomy. Current classifications of procedures would also include closed-cavity tympanomastoidectomy, open-cavity tympanomastoidectomy, and intact-bridge tyrnpanomastoidectomy (a combined approach). The diagnostic and surgical approach to silent or subclinical otitis media is discussed. Diagnosis and treatment of sequelae of otitis media, including sequelae in the middle ear and, less commonly, in the inner ear, are discussed.
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Jung, Su Young, Dokyoung Kim, Dong Choon Park, et al. "Toll-Like Receptors: Expression and Roles in Otitis Media." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (2021): 7868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157868.
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Otitis media is mainly caused by upper respiratory tract infection and eustachian tube dysfunction. If external upper respiratory tract infection is not detected early in the middle ear, or an appropriate immune response does not occur, otitis media can become a chronic state or complications may occur. Therefore, given the important role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the early response to external antigens, we surveyed the role of TLRs in otitis media. To summarize the role of TLR in otitis media, we reviewed articles on the expression of TLRs in acute otitis media (AOM), otitis media with effusion (OME), chronic otitis media (COM) with cholesteatoma, and COM without cholesteatoma. Many studies showed that TLRs 1–10 are expressed in AOM, OME, COM with cholesteatoma, and COM without cholesteatoma. TLR expression in the normal middle ear mucosa is absent or weak, but is increased in inflammatory fluid of AOM, effusion of OME, and granulation tissue and cholesteatoma of COM. In addition, TLRs show increased or decreased expression depending on the presence or absence of bacteria, recurrence of disease, tissue type, and repeated surgery. In conclusion, expression of TLRs is associated with otitis media. Inappropriate TLR expression, or delayed or absent induction, are associated with the occurrence, recurrence, chronicization, and complications of otitis media. Therefore, TLRs are very important in otitis media and closely related to its etiology.
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Hossain Bhuiyan, Md Mostafa Kamal. "Adenotonsillectomy Operation in Children is Effective to Improve Otitis Media with Effusion." Annals of International Medical and Dental Research 8, no. 2 (2022): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2022.8.2.23.
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Background: OME usually present because of the associated hearing impairment, defective speech and sometimes with a preceding history of fever and otalgia consequent on an episode of acute otitis media. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate adenotonsillectomy operation in children is effective to improve otitis media with effusion.Material & Methods:This was a clinical study done in the otolaryngology department of medical college for women and hospital, Uttara, Dhaka from January 2003 to December 2005 for three years. Children with 4 to 15 years of age admitted with chronic tonsillitis and enlarged adenoid having otitis media with effusion were included in the study. Statistical analysis of the results was obtained by using window-based computer software devised with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-22).Results:All of these patients underwent adenotonsillectomy operation and were followed up for up to six months. The overall success rate of resolution of middle ear effusion was 81% at six months post operatively.Conclusions:Our findings demonstrated that adenotonsillectomy operation is effective for the treatment of persistent otitis media with effusion due to chronic tonsillitis with enlarged adenoid.
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DALY, KATHY, G. SCOTT GIEBINK, CHAP T. LE, et al. "Determining risk for chronic otitis media with effusion." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 7, no. 7 (1988): 471–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-198807000-00004.
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Agirdir, Bulent V., Selami Bozova, Alper T. Derin, and Murat Turhan. "Chronic otitis media with effusion and Helicobacter pylori." International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 70, no. 5 (2006): 829–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2005.09.026.
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Maw, Richard, Ian Stewart, Anne Schilder, and George Browning. "Surgical treatment of chronic otitis media with effusion." International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 49 (October 1999): S239—S241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-5876(99)00168-8.
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Skoner, D. P., P. K. Stillwagon, M. L. Casselbrandt, E. P. Tanner, W. J. Doyle, and P. Fireman. "Inflammatory Mediators in Chronic Otitis Media With Effusion." Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 114, no. 10 (1988): 1131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1988.01860220065025.
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Thoene, Daniel E., and Cary E. Johnson. "Pharmacotherapy of Otitis Media." Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 11, no. 3 (1991): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1875-9114.1991.tb02630.x.
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The clinical manifestations of acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion are the result of abnormal eustachian tube function most often caused by inflammation from infection or allergy. The majority of cases involve bacterial infection of the middle ear caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, or Branhamella catarrhalis. Nearly half of all children will have had at least one episode of acute otitis media by 1 year of age, and over 70% by 3 years of age. The signs and symptoms include pain with rubbing or tugging at the ear, fever, irritability, lethargy, and hearing loss. The primary therapy for acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion is antibiotics with the goal of preventing possible complications and providing symptomatic relief. Amoxicillin remains the initial drug of choice in communities where β‐lactamase‐producing strains of the common middle ear pathogens are infrequently isolated. If resistant organisms are prevalent, cefaclor, amoxicillin‐clavulanate, or cotrimoxazole should be selected. Adjuvant agents such as decongestants have not been shown to provide additional therapeutic benefit. Children who develop chronic otitis media may require prophylactic antibiotic therapy and insertion of typanostomy tubes.
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Willett, Darryl N., Rod P. Rezaee, John M. Billy, Mary B. Tighe та Thomas F. DeMaria. "Relationship of Endotoxin to Tumor Necrosis Factor–α and Interleukin-1β in Children with Otitis Media with Effusion". Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 107, № 1 (1998): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949810700106.
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Sixty-five middle ear effusions and paired sera from 41 children with chronic otitis media with effusion were assayed for endotoxin and for tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in order to establish whether a correlation exists between the concentrations of endotoxin and of these cytokines. Endotoxin concentration was determined by means of a chromogenic limulus amebocyte lysate assay, and the cytokine concentration by means of a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Forty percent of the effusions had detectable levels of endotoxin, with a mean concentration of 2.9 ± 7.8 endotoxin units per milligram of total protein. The mean concentration of TNF-α was 1.24 ± 3.1 pg/mg total protein, and that of IL-1β was 18.79 pg/mg total protein. A strong, statistically significant correlation exists between the concentrations of endotoxin and TNF-α (r =.89) and IL-1β (r =.72). The data indicate that endotoxin may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic otitis media with effusion by stimulating the sustained production of TNF-α and IL-1β in the middle ear.
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Ioniuc, Ileana, Aurica Rugina, Alina Murgu, et al. "ATOPY, RISK FACTOR FOR OTITIS MEDIA WITH EFFUSION." Romanian Journal of Pediatrics 65, no. 2 (2016): 174–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjp.2016.2.9.
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Chronic otitis, one of the major causes of pediatric hypoacusia is frequent associated with some allergic diseases. The continuous rice of atopic diseases prevalence in childhood, involves a multidisciplinary approach of Eustachian tube dysfunction, adenoid inflammation or recurrent otitis, for a complex pathogenic management. The objective of this study was to determinate the association between otitis media and the allergic diseases with the implication in the treatment and evolution of this patients. Methods. Retrospective study on 92 children, between 6 month and 6 years, admitted in II Pediatric Clinic, Clinical Hospital of Children “Sf. Maria” Iasi with diagnosis of acute otitis media, for a period of 1 year. Results. Majority of cases (61patients) have been suppurate otitis, 31 cases have been otitis media with effusion out of which 23 have been recurrent. Association with allergic diseases has been more frequent in children with serous otitis media (26/31 cases). 4 cases with suppurate otitis media have developed adverse reaction to antibiotics with major implication in the cases evolution. Association with gastroesophageal reflux was relatively similar between cases with serous otitis and the suppurate ones (10/31 cases and 11/61 cases). From the atopic patients with gastroesophageal reflux, 10 presented cow’s milk protein allergy. In conclusion, the children with otitis media, especially those with recurrent none suppurate form should be investigated for atopy and, eventually, for gastroesophageal reflux, possibly with determination of the allergic markers or of pepsin in the otic exudates, in order to a targeted therapeutic management.
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Ondrey, F. G., S. K. Juhn, and G. L. Adams. "Early-response cytokine expression in adult middle ear effusions." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 119, no. 4 (1998): 342–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(98)70075-0.
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Various cytokines are presently known to be associated with the regulation of inflammatory responses. In pediatric otitis media, cytokines that correlate with various degrees of inflammation are present in middle ear effusions as inflammatory mediators. The present study was undertaken to examine the potential role of the early-response cytokines, interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-ex, in adult otitis media. Fifty-nine adults with otitis media underwent tympanocentesis, and the effusion specimens were analyzed for the presence of both cytokines by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Eighty-eight percent of the effusions were serous in nature. Sixty-seven percent of the patients had a known history of head and neck malignancy and radiation to the temporal bone. Twelve percent of the effusions were positive for interleukin-1β expression, compared with 85% of effusions in children with otitis media. Eight percent of the effusions contained tumor necrosis factor-α, compared with 85% of those collected in pediatric otitis media. All of the specimens that contained tumor necrosis factor-α also contained interleukin-ip. In the present study, there was no correlation with head and neck malignancy/radiation or the clinical degree of inflammation with the presence of either cytokine. We conclude that adult otitis media is associated with lower expression of an acute inflammatory response, as judged by the levels of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in the effusions. Additionally, adult otitis probably represents a less severe and more chronic inflammatory state in comparison with pediatric otitis media. Further analysis of inflammatory mediators in adult otitis media is necessary to evaluate the contribution of cytokines in relation to various etiologic factors.
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Scherbik, N. V., A. V. Klimov, Ye N. Kologrivova, O. V. Fyodorova, and S. V. Komarova. "IMMUNOLOGIC RISK FACTORS OF DEVELOPMENT OTITIS MEDIA WITH EFFUSION IN CHILDREN SUFFERING FROM CHRONIC ADENOIDITIS." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 12, no. 3 (2013): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2013-3-92-96.
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There were 24 patients with chronic adenoiditis in the 1st group, another 24 patients with chronic adenoiditis in association with otitis media effusion (OME) were included in the 2d group. The study of mucosal immunity included assessment of SIgA, IL-6, IFN- and IL-10 levels in nasal washes. Decrease of SIgA content and increase of the number of IFN-γ-positive samples was revealed in children from the 2nd clinical group, which allows to regard these characteristics of the mucosal immunity as the risk factors for the development of otitis media with effusion.
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Hisamatsu, Ken-Ichi, Hajime Inoue, Kiyoshi Makiyama, and Masami Homma. "Nitrotyrosine in Otitis Media with Effusion." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 114, no. 10 (2005): 804–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940511401011.
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Objectives: Our purpose was to investigate mucosal cell injury due to the nitric oxide (NO)-superoxide system in otitis media with effusion. Methods: We determined the levels of nitrotyrosine (NT) and NO and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in 90 middle ear fluid samples. Results: The NT concentration was significantly higher in group A (<16 years old) than in group C (>50 years old; p <.05), and significantly higher in the acute group than in the chronic group (p <.05). The NO concentration did not show a significant difference among the groups. The activity of SOD showed significant correlations with the concentrations of NT and NO and with LDH activity (p <.05). The LDH activity was significantly greater in group A than in group C (p <.05). Conclusions: Our results indicate involvement of the NO-superoxide system in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion, showing evidence of protein and/or cell injury in the middle ear.
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Gates, George A. "Adenoidectomy for Otitis Media with Effusion." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 103, no. 5_suppl (1994): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00034894941030s515.
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The efficacy of adenoidectomy in the surgical treatment of children with otitis media with effusion (OME) persisting after adequate medical therapy has been established in three independent randomized clinical trials. Although each of these studies used a different experimental design, all showed significant reductions in morbidity from ome after adenoidectomy as compared to the control groups. Subsequent application of these findings in formulating clinical guidelines for the use of adenoidectomy has yet to be realized, and recommendations to parents for or against the procedure appear to vary more with the surgeon's philosophy than with the condition of the child. This discussion examines the effectiveness and cost of adenoidectomy for the treatment of children with chronic OME and addresses the question of whether adenoidectomy should be used as a primary or a secondary surgical therapy. The argument is made to use adenoidectomy as a primary therapy in selected cases on the basis of patient age, type of OME, and patient preference, and to base the decision not on the size of the adenoid, but on its known pathophysiology.
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Rosenfeld, Richard M., and J. Christopher Post. "Meta-Analysis of Antibiotics for the Treatment of Otitis Media with Effusion." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 106, no. 4 (1992): 378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989210600411.
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OBJECTIVE: To reconcile conflicting reports of antibiotic efficacy for otitis media with effusion in children. DATA SOURCES: English-language MEDLINE search (“antibiotics” and “otitis” media with effusion“) from January 1980 through December 1990. Current Contents 1990, consultation with experts, and references from review articles, textbook chapters, and retrieved reports. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized clinical trials with concurrent controls (placebo or no drug), and children with at least one ear not violated by tympanocentesis. Ten of the initial 82 articles were selected after blind review of the methods sections. DATA EXTRACTION: We independently evaluated each trial using 20 measures of internal and external validity, then extracted treatment and control responses for an end point of all affected ears free of effusion at the first posttreatment assessment. DATA SYNTHESIS: Pooled analysis of 1325 children yielded a rate difference of 22.8% (95% CI, 10.5 to 35.1) that was minimally affected by interstudy quality differences, and was unlikely to represent publication bias. Variations in trial outcomes were not attributable to chance, study design, or choice of drug, but were inversely related to the control group natural cure rate. Children with chronic bilateral effusions not related to a recent episode of acute otitis media tended to have lower natural cure rates, and a more favorable response to therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotics have a clinically and statistically significant impact on the resolution of otitis media with effusion. The association between outcome and natural cure rate has important implications for the design and interpretation of future trials.
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JAFAROV, Sabuhi, and Serhat İNAN. "Hematological Markers in Idiopathic Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion in Adults." Kulak Burun Boğaz ve Baş Boyun Cerrahisi Dergisi 31, no. 1 (2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24179/kbbbbc.2022-92454.
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Daval, Mary, Hervé Picard, Emilie Bequignon, et al. "Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion in Chronic Sinusitis with Polyps." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 97, no. 8 (2018): E13—E18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556131809700803.
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The relationship between otitis media with effusion (OME) and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) remains unclear. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 80 consecutively presenting patients—42 males and 38 females, aged 15 to 76 years (median: 48)—who were diagnosed with CRSwNP. Our aim was to ascertain the prevalence of OME in CRSwNP patients, to determine whether the severity of CRSwNP affected OME, and to identify risk factors for OME in CRSwNP patients. The severity of CRSwNP was assessed on the basis of nasal symptoms, endoscopic nasal examinations, and Lund-Mackay staging scores. In addition to demographic data, we obtained information on each patient's history of otitis, otoscopic findings, and the results of pure-tone audiometry and tympanometry. We then compared the data between CRSwNP patients with OME (n = 20) and those without (n = 60). In the OME group, a conductive hearing loss was present in 16 patients (80.0%); all patients in the control group had normal hearing. With regard to symptoms, only rhinorrhea appeared to be more common in patients with OME than in those without, although the difference was not statistically significant. We found no significant difference in nasal polyposis grades between the two groups. Also, we found no correlations between the risk of OME and previous surgical treatment, asthma, allergy, aspirin intolerance, aspirin and/or NSAID intolerance, aspirin and/or sulfite intolerance, and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Based on our findings, we conclude that OME occurs frequently during the evolution of CRSwNP, even when the nasal disease is well controlled. This finding suggests the possible presence, in OME and/or CRSwNP, of a global inflammatory process that involves the epithelium in both the middle ear and upper airway.
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Pedersen, C. K., P. Zimani, M. Frendø, et al. "Chronic suppurative otitis media in Zimbabwean school children: a cross-sectional study." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 134, no. 10 (2020): 867–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215120001814.
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AbstractObjectiveChronic suppurative otitis media is a major cause of disabling childhood hearing loss, especially in low-income countries. Estimates on its prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa range from the lowest to the highest in the world (less than one per cent to more than five per cent). However, the prevalence of chronic suppurative otitis media in Zimbabwe is largely unknown. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of paediatric chronic suppurative otitis media and other middle-ear pathology in rural Zimbabwe.MethodA cross-sectional study was performed in primary school children aged 4–13 years from the rural province of Mashonaland East. Participants underwent video otoscopy and tympanometry.ResultsOut of 451 examined children, two (0.4 per cent) had chronic suppurative otitis media. Acute otitis media was present in one (0.2 per cent), otitis media with effusion was present in five (1.1 per cent) and scarring was present in 69 (15.3 per cent).ConclusionChronic suppurative otitis media and otitis media sequelae were surprisingly uncommon in this sample of rural primary school children in Zimbabwe. More studies, preferably population-based, are needed to enable more precise estimates of chronic suppurative otitis media prevalence in Zimbabwe.
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Tarafder, K. H., N. Akhtar, M. M. Zaman, M. A. Rasel, M. R. Bhuiyan, and P. G. Datta. "Disabling hearing impairment in the Bangladeshi population." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 129, no. 2 (2015): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221511400348x.
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AbstractObjective:This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hearing impairment in Bangladeshi people of all ages.Methods:A nationally representative cross-sectional survey was carried out in 2013. A total of 4260 subjects (1774 males and 2486 females), with a mean age of 32 years, participated. Hearing impairment was determined by pure tone audiometry and otoacoustic emissions testing.Results:Disabling hearing loss (greater than 40 dB loss in adults, and greater than 30 dB loss in children younger than 15 years, in their better hearing ears) was present in 9.6 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval, 8.5–10.8 per cent) of the respondents. Hearing loss was more prevalent in socio-economically deprived people and in those older than 60 years. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified age, socio-economic deprivation, family history, impacted ear wax, chronic suppurative otitis media, otitis media with effusion, and otitis externa as the significant predictors of disabling hearing loss.Conclusion:Deafness prevention should focus mainly on chronic suppurative otitis media, otitis media with effusion, and impacted ear wax prevention, integrated within the primary healthcare system and addressing the equity issue.
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Rahim, Ghassan Hassan. "Tympanostomy Tube Complication in Otitis Media with Effusion." AL-Kindy College Medical Journal 15, no. 2 (2020): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v15i2.163.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Otitis media with effusion is characterized by accumulation of fluid in the middle ear in absence of acute inflammation and it is the most common cause of acquired hearing loss in children, and may negatively affect language development failure of medical treatment of middle ear effusion frequently require myringotomy and tympanostomy tube insertion.
 Objectives: To determine tympanostomy tube complications of tube in children with chronic otitis media with effusion who were treated with Shah Grommet tube insertion.
 Methods: The Medical records of 162 ears of 87 children (52 male and 35 female) were reviewed respectively, the patients ages were between 3 to 16 years old (mean age =8.11 years), patient were followed for 6-66 months (mean 23.3) after tympanostomy tube insertion. Tube extrusion time was also reviewed in all patients, and the indication for surgery was chronic middle ear effusion.
 Results: Otorrhea accured in nine ears (5.6%), granulation tissue was seen in 2 ears (1.2%), myringosclerosis in (34.6%) persistent perfor-ation (5.6%), atrophy (23.5%) retraction (16.7%) and medial displacement 1.2% the average extrusion time was 8.5 month ( ± 4.6).
 Conclusions: complications of tympanostomy tube insertion are common and the most common are otorrhea myringosclerosis, atrophy but they are generally insignificant consequently in majority of these complications there is no need for management.