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Books on the topic 'Chronic respiratory disorders'
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1
M, Farrell Philip, and Taussing Lynn M. 1942-, eds. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and related chronic respiratory disorders: Report of the Ninetieth Ross Conference on Pediatric Research. Columbus, Ohio: Ross Laboratories, 1986.
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2
North, Crystal M., and David C. Christiani. Respiratory Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190662677.003.0025.
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This chapter describes the clinical presentation of commonly-encountered occupational and environmental respiratory disorders, including principles regarding disease recognition and prevention. Where appropriate, clinical cases are included to illustrate specific diseases. The chapter begins with a general introduction to the evaluation of individuals and populations, including important considerations from the history and physical examination as well as common findings on typical diagnostic tests such as chest X-rays and other imaging studies, and pulmonary function testing. Specific disease topics covered include (a) disorders due to irritant exposures (high-, moderate-, and low-solubility irritants); (b) disorders due to nonirritant exposures (carbon monoxide and indoor and ambient air pollution); (c) occupational airways diseases (work-related asthma and occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease); (d) hypersensitivity pneumonitis, byssinosis, and other diseases due to organic dust exposure; and (e) pneumoconiosis (including asbestosis, silicosis, and coal workers’ pneuconiosis). Childhood asthma is discussed as a risk factor for occupationally-related lung disease.
3
Kosmidis, Chris, David W. Denning, and Eavan G. Muldoon. Fungal disease in cystic fibrosis and chronic respiratory disorders. Edited by Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum, and Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0037.
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A range of fungal disease syndromes affect patients with chronic respiratory diseases and cystic fibrosis (CF). Invasive aspergillosis is increasingly recognized in seriously ill patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, especially after high-dose steroids. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis affects patients with pre-existing cavities or bullae, such as those with previous tuberculosis or atypical mycobacterial disease, bullous emphysema, sarcoidosis, pneumothorax, or treated lung cancer. In addition, fungi have become one of the most important trigger agents for asthma, and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis may complicate up to 3.5% of cases of asthma and up to 15% of cases of CF, starting in childhood. CF patients are commonly colonized with fungal organisms, although the impact of such colonization on outcome is not clear. Aspergillus is the most common mould isolated from CF patients. Distinguishing between colonization and infection remains challenging. Candida is thought to be of no clinical significance; however, it has been associated with decline in lung function.
4
Kulkarni, Kunal, James Harrison, Mohamed Baguneid, and Bernard Prendergast, eds. Respiratory medicine. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198729426.003.0017.
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Respiratory medicine is a diverse specialty involving common chronic diseases, rarer conditions, pulmonary involvement in systemic disorders, lung infections, tumours, and adverse drug effects. It is also an important component of general internal medicine. Respiratory medicine has been prominent in producing clinical guidelines, many of which are now evidence-based, and hence a good source of information and reference. Some of the commonest medical conditions, including asthma and lung cancer, are rooted in respiratory medicine. Although declining, lag effects mean these conditions are increasingly prevalent and continue to be important, particularly in the developing world. Sleep medicine is now also beginning to receive attention, and respiratory infections remain common. Respiratory research is broad-based, but the level of government and major charity funding is low. This chapter summarizes important recent clinical papers under the subheadings of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, infection, lung cancer, and smoking, with contributions from pulmonary vascular disease and sleep.
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Murray, E. Lee, and Veda V. Vedanarayanan. Neuromuscular Disorders. Edited by Karl E. Misulis and E. Lee Murray. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259419.003.0021.
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The hospital neurologist may encounter neuromuscular disorders as known chronic conditions that are exacerbated by a hospital stay, be the principal reason for admission, or develop during a prolonged hospitalization. This chapter details the presentation, diagnosis, and management of conditions affecting the peripheral nerves and neuromuscular junction, such as myasthenia gravis, Lambert-Eaton (myasthenic) syndrome, botulism, and tick paralysis; as well as muscular weakness from various causes such as rhabdomyolysis, critical illness neuromyopathy, inflammatory myopathies, muscular dystrophies, periodic paralysis, and metabolic and endocrine myopathies. Also discussed are motoneuron degeneration, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and progressive muscle atrophy, and neuromuscular respiratory failure.
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Launois, Sandrine H., and Patrick Lévy. Pulmonary disorders and sleep. Edited by Sudhansu Chokroverty, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, and Christopher Kennard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682003.003.0041.
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Sleep disorders and pulmonary diseases are closely associated, a fact clearly underestimated in routine patient care, despite evidence that these disorders interact to impact on quality of life as well as on morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of chronic insomnia, sleep-related breathing disorders, and restless leg syndrome is high in patients with chronic pulmonary disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, chest wall and neuromuscular disorders, and chronic respiratory failure. This association may be fortuitous and reflect the impact of a chronic condition on sleep quality, or it may be due to specific sleep-related phenomena adversely affecting an underlying pulmonary disorder. Furthermore, obstructive sleep apnea has been implicated as a risk factor for pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary embolism. This chapter outlines the implications for both pulmonary and sleep specialists, in terms of clinical management and treatment strategies.
7
Bafadhel, Mona. Prevention of respiratory disease. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0344.
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The prevention of disease at a population health level rather than an individual health level is aimed at reducing causes of ‘preventable’ death and, under the auspices of public health and epidemiology, is an integral part of primary, secondary, and tertiary care. Classification of death is usually according to the type of primary disease or injury. However, there are a number of recognized risk factors for death, and modifications in behaviour or risk factors can substantially reduce preventable causes of death and the associated healthcare and economic burden of chronic disease management. According to the WHO, hundreds of millions of people from infancy to old age suffer from preventable chronic respiratory diseases, there are over four million deaths annually from preventable respiratory diseases, and common respiratory disorders (e.g. lower respiratory tract infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and tuberculosis) account for approximately 20% of all deaths worldwide. This chapter discusses the prevention of respiratory disease, covering diseases associated with smoking (one of the biggest risk factors associated with preventable deaths), air pollution, and other lifestyle factors associated with respiratory disease; changes in legislation concerning smoking and work-related respiratory disease; and, finally, the prevention of respiratory diseases through the use of immunization and screening tools.
8
J, Judd Sandra, ed. Respiratory disorders sourcebook: Basic consumer health information about infectious, inflammatory, and chronic conditions affecting the lungs and respiratory system, including pneumonia, bronchitis, influenza, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, asthma, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung abscesses, pulmonary embolism, occupational lung diseases, and other bacterial, viral, and fungal infections; along with facts about the structure and function of the lungs and airways, methods of diagnosing respiratory disorders, and treatment and rehabilitation options, a glossary of related terms, and a directory of resources for additional help and information. 2nd ed. Detroit: Omnigraphics, 2008.
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9
François, Haas, and Axen Kenneth, eds. Pulmonary therapy and rehabilitation: Principles and practice. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1991.
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10
BURMER, Karl. Cbd Oil for Asthma: Effective Remedy for Chronic Respiratory Disorder. Independently Published, 2019.
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11
Riojas-Rodríguez, Horacio, Isabelle Romieu, and Mauricio Hernández-Ávila. Air Pollution. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190662677.003.0018.
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This chapter describes the adverse effects of both outdoor air pollution and indoor air pollution. Various ambient air pollutants are described as well as their adverse health effects, including acute and chronic respiratory disorders, cardiac disorders, cerebrovascular disease, and cancer. A section deals with National Ambient Air Quality Standards of the Environmental Protection Agency for particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, ozone, oxides of nitrogen, and carbon monoxide. Another section describes exposure assessment. The chapter also describes various measures to control hazardous air pollutants and prevent disorders related to air pollution. In addition, a section features indoor air pollution, including pollution due to burning of biomass for cooking and heat.
12
Masip, Josep, Kenneth Planas, and Arantxa Mas. Non-invasive ventilation. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0025.
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During the last 25 years, the use of non-invasive ventilation has grown substantially. Non-invasive ventilation refers to the delivery of positive pressure to the lungs without endotracheal intubation and plays a significant role in the treatment of patients with acute respiratory failure and in the domiciliary management of some chronic respiratory and sleep disorders. In the intensive and acute care setting, the primary aim of non-invasive ventilation is to avoid intubation, and it is mainly used in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations, acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, or in the context of weaning, situations in which a reduction in mortality has been demonstrated. The principal techniques are continuous positive airway pressure and bilevel pressure support ventilation. Whereas non-invasive pressure support ventilation requires a ventilator, continuous positive airway pressure is a simpler technique that can be easily used in non-equipped areas such as the pre-hospital setting. The success of non-invasive ventilation is related to the adequate timing and selection of patients, as well as the appropriate use of interfaces, the synchrony of patient-ventilator, and the fine-tuning of the ventilator.
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Masip, Josep, Kenneth Planas, and Arantxa Mas. Non-invasive ventilation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0025_update_001.
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During the last 25 years, the use of non-invasive ventilation has grown substantially. Non-invasive ventilation refers to the delivery of positive pressure to the lungs without endotracheal intubation and plays a significant role in the treatment of patients with acute respiratory failure and in the domiciliary management of some chronic respiratory and sleep disorders. In the intensive and acute care setting, the primary aim of non-invasive ventilation is to avoid intubation, and it is mainly used in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations, acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, or in the context of weaning, situations in which a reduction in mortality has been demonstrated. The principal techniques are continuous positive airway pressure and bilevel pressure support ventilation. Whereas non-invasive pressure support ventilation requires a ventilator, continuous positive airway pressure is a simpler technique that can be easily used in non-equipped areas such as the pre-hospital setting. The success of non-invasive ventilation is related to the adequate timing and selection of patients, as well as the appropriate use of interfaces, the synchrony of patient-ventilator, and the fine-tuning of the ventilator.
14
Masip, Josep, Kenneth Planas, and Arantxa Mas. Non-invasive ventilation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0025_update_002.
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During the last 25 years, the use of non-invasive ventilation has grown substantially. Non-invasive ventilation refers to the delivery of positive pressure to the lungs without endotracheal intubation and plays a significant role in the treatment of patients with acute respiratory failure and in the domiciliary management of some chronic respiratory and sleep disorders. In the intensive and acute care setting, the primary aim of non-invasive ventilation is to avoid intubation, and it is mainly used in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations, acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, or in the context of weaning, situations in which a reduction in mortality has been demonstrated. The principal techniques are continuous positive airway pressure and bilevel pressure support ventilation. Whereas non-invasive pressure support ventilation requires a ventilator, continuous positive airway pressure is a simpler technique that can be easily used in non-equipped areas such as the pre-hospital setting. The success of non-invasive ventilation is related to the adequate timing and selection of patients, as well as the appropriate use of interfaces, the synchrony of patient-ventilator, and the fine-tuning of the ventilator.
15
Masip, Josep, Kenneth Planas, and Arantxa Mas. Non-invasive ventilation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0025_update_003.
Full textAbstract:
During the last 25 years, the use of non-invasive ventilation has grown substantially. Non-invasive ventilation refers to the delivery of positive pressure to the lungs without endotracheal intubation and plays a significant role in the treatment of patients with acute respiratory failure and in the domiciliary management of some chronic respiratory and sleep disorders. In the intensive and acute care setting, the primary aim of non-invasive ventilation is to avoid intubation, and it is mainly used in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations, acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, immunocompromised or in the context of weaning, situations in which a reduction in mortality has been demonstrated. The principal techniques are continuous positive airway pressure, bilevel pressure support ventilation and more recently, high flow nasal cannula. Whereas non-invasive pressure support ventilation requires a ventilator, the other two techniques are simpler and can be easily used in non-equipped areas by less experienced teams, including the pre-hospital setting. The success of non-invasive ventilation is related to an adequate timing, proper selection of patients and interfaces, close monitoring as well as the achievement of a good adaptation to patients’ demand.
16
West, Gavin H., and Laura S. Welch. Hazards for Construction Workers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190662677.003.0036.
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This chapter describes the hazards for construction workers, with a particular focus on injuries as well as exposures to hazardous chemicals and dusts. A section describes hazardous exposures to lead and other heavy metals. Another section describes noise exposure. The impact of musculoskeletal disorders among construction workers is then discussed. A section on respiratory diseases focuses on asbestosis, silicosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma. Exposures known to cause dermatitis and cancer are reviewed. There is a discussion of engineered nanomaterials as a potential emerging hazard. Various approaches to prevention and control, including regulations and health services, are described.
17
Wiffen, Philip, Marc Mitchell, Melanie Snelling, and Nicola Stoner, eds. Oxford Handbook of Clinical Pharmacy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198735823.001.0001.
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Fully updated and revised, the third edition of the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Pharmacy presents practical guidance in a user-friendly format. Supported by prescribing points and linked relevant concepts, it will give you the support and knowledge to practise with confidence. Including key information on controlled drugs, adverse drug reactions and interactions, clinical skills, patient and drug management, as well as therapy-specific issues, this handbook now includes brand new topics covering chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other respiratory diseases, HIV, tuberculosis, mental health and neurological disorders, health coaching, and applications to formulary committees. With an increased focus on supporting the community pharmacist and designed to complement the British National Formulary guidelines, this handbook is packed with evidence-based advice.
18
Hutson, Mike. Assessment and management. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199533909.003.0011.
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Individuals undertaking exercise include those engaged in aerobic activities as part of a healthy lifestyle, those engaged in an active fitness or rehabilitation programme relevant to acute or chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, respiratory problems, and musculoskeletal disorders, and the committed competitive athlete with high performance targets. Accordingly, those injured as a consequence of exercise or sport attend medical practitioners in diverse circumstances. Urgency of assessment of the full impact of injury clearly varies across the spectrum from the life-threatening situation on the field of play (or other sports/recreational exercise location, for instance poolside or roadside) to one in which a chronic condition can be evaluated in the relative comfort of the clinician’s consulting room. Irrespective of the circumstances, the primary requirement is the establishment of an accurate diagnosis. The process of assessment is aided when relevant by an appropriate index of suspicion with respect to those injuries that are not often seen outside sporting and recreational activity (e.g. throwers’ elbow and shin splints). Diagnosis of tissue injury is followed by a full assessment of its impact on the function of the surrounding structures, and subsequently assessment of impairment of sporting capacity in general. Evaluation is made of the aetiological factors associated with the development of injury, the behavioural responses, including motivation and health prioritization, and the individual’s standard of performance (actual and potential). Clinical assessment (and reassessment) is a constant theme throughout the text....
19
Martin, David, and Junzheng Wu. Cystic Fibrosis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199764495.003.0021.
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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited chronic disease that affects about 30,000 children and adults in the United States and 70,000 worldwide. CF is the most common fatal inherited disorder affecting Caucasians in the United States. While its presentation can vary in severity, the most common clinical manifestations are progressive lung damage and chronic digestive problems due to exocrine gland dysfunction and the production of thick viscous mucus. Careful perioperative management is important to avoid respiratory complications.
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Donaghy, Michael. The clinical approach. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0030.
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This chapter describes the appropriate clinical approach to take when presented with a patient reporting a neurological symptom. Just under 10 per cent of the population consult their general practitioner about a neurological symptom each year in the United Kingdom. About 10 per cent of these are referred for a specialist opinion, usually to a neurologist. Nine conditions account for roughly 75 per cent of general neurological referrals and are diagnosed initially on purely clinical grounds, with the other 25 per cent representing the full range of other, potentially very rare, neurological disorders.This chapter underlines the importance of a thorough and informative history to achieve successful diagnosis. Crucial facets for a good history include information on the time course of symptom development, whether symptoms are negative or positive, previous neurological history (both personal and familial), as well as other potentially contributory general medical disorders. The general neurological examination is also described, as are specific examination manoeuvres that may be added to the general neurological examination in specific clinical circumstances.Reflexes play an important role in diagnostic neurology because they reflect the integrity of, or alterations in, the neural structures responsible for their arc. Loss of a reflex may be due to interruption of the afferent path by a lesion involving the first sensory neurone in the peripheral nerves, plexuses, spinal nerves, or dorsal roots, by damage to the central paths of the arc in the brainstem or spinal cord, by lesions of the lower motor neurone at any point between the anterior horn cells and the muscles, of the muscles themselves, or by the neural depression produced by neural shock. In clinical practice, the most useful and oft-elicited reflexes are the tendon reflexes of the limbs, the jaw jerk, the plantar response, the superficial abdominal reflexes, the pupil-light response, and in infants, the Moro reflex. The place of these particular reflexes in the routine neurological examination is outlined, and the elicitation and significance of these reflexes and of a wide variety of others which are used occasionally are described.Examinations that allow localization lesions that are responsible for muscle weaknesses and the assessment of somatosensory abnormalities are described, as are neurological disorders that result in identifiable gait disorders. The clinical signs and examinations relevant to autonomic disorders are also discussed.Intensive care may be required for patients critically ill either as a result of primary neurological disease, or in those in whom a neurological disorder is a component of, or secondary to, a general medical disorder. Indications for admission to neurological intensive care have been defined (Howard et al. 2003): impaired consciousness, bulbar muscle failure, severe ventilatory respiratory failure, uncontrolled seizures, severely raised intracranial pressure, some monitoring and interventional treatments, and unforeseen general medical complications. Naturally specific treatments indicated for the particular diagnosis should be instituted along with general intensive care measures.Finally, the discussion of diagnoses of chronic or terminal conditions with patients is discussed, with particular focus on the best way to present the diagnosis to the patient.
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Yang, Jingduan, and Daniel A. Monti. Modern Studies of Acupuncture. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190210052.003.0019.
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This chapter presents some examples of modern research on acupuncture. They include studies on the physiological nature of acupuncture points and of acupuncture’s impact on the functions of the immune, endocrine, nerve, cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory, and reproductive systems. It also includes examples of clinical studies on the safety and efficacy of acupuncture on various clinical medical and psychiatric conditions such as asthma, infertility, gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD), endometriosis, chronic pain, depression, anxiety, and insomnia. It discusses the confusion in research conclusions caused by methodological deficits in study designs and interventions, and it initiates a discussion on the future direction of studies that benefit advances in modern medicine rather than judging acupuncture using pharmaceutical models of research that are unable to visualize and measure human energy.
22
Pevernagie, Dirk. Positive airway pressure therapy. Edited by Sudhansu Chokroverty, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, and Christopher Kennard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682003.003.0017.
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This chapter describes positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy for sleep disordered breathing. Continuous PAP (CPAP) acts as a mechanical splint on the upper airway and is the treatment of choice for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Autotitrating CPAP may be used when the pressure demand for stabilizing the upper airway is quite variable. In other cases, fixed CPAP is sufficient. There is robust evidence that CPAP reduces the symptomatic burden and risk of cardiovascular comorbidity in patients with moderate to severe OSA. Bilevel PAP is indicated for treatment of respiratory diseases characterized by chronic alveolar hypoventilation, which typically deteriorates during sleep. Adaptive servo-ventilation is a mode of bilevel PAP used to treat Cheyne–Stokes respiration with central sleep apnea . It is crucial that caregivers help patients get used to and be compliant with PAP therapy. Education, support, and resolution of adverse effects are mandatory for therapeutic success.