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Journal articles on the topic 'Chronological bias'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Berger, Vance W. "Recognizing chronological bias for what it is." Clinical Trials 8, no. 6 (2011): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740774511423949.

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Berger, V. W. "Failure to Look Beyond Blocks Is a Mistake." Methods of Information in Medicine 54, no. 03 (2015): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me15-04-0002.

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SummaryTamm and Hilgers [1] are to be congratulated for bringing more attention to a rather important issue in trial design, namely chronological bias. Far too many researchers use permuted blocks without even recognizing that chronological bias is the reason they do it. Only armed with the rationale can we hope to enter an informed discussion regarding the merits, or lack thereof, for using permuted block randomization in actual trials. But chronological bias is only part of the story. If it were the entire story, then there would be a rather easy solution. We could just use blocks of size tw

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Hilgers, R. D., and M. Tamm. "Chronological Bias in Randomized Clinical Trials Arising from Different Types of Unobserved Time Trends." Methods of Information in Medicine 53, no. 06 (2014): 501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me14-01-0048.

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SummaryBackground: In clinical trials patients are commonly recruited sequentially over time incurring the risk of chronological bias due to (unobserved) time trends. To minimize the risk of chronological bias, a suitable randomization procedure should be chosen.Objectives: Considering different time trend scenarios, we aim at a detailed evaluation of the extent of chronological bias under permuted block randomization in order to provide recommendations regarding the choice of randomization at the design stage of a clinical trial and to assess the maximum extent of bias for a realized sequence

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Klingberg, Gunilla, Daniel Benchimol, Henrik Berlin, et al. "How old are you? A systematic review investigating the relationship between age and mandibular third molar maturity." PLOS ONE 18, no. 5 (2023): e0285252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285252.

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Introduction and objective Radiographic evaluation of the maturity of mandibular third molars is a common method used for age estimation of adolescents and young adults. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the scientific base for the relationship between a fully matured mandibular third molar based on Demirjian’s method and chronological age, in order to assess whether an individual is above or below the age of 18 years. Methods The literature search was conducted in six databases until February 2022 for studies reporting data evaluating the tooth maturity using Demirjian´s method

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Just, Daniel. "The Literary Bias: Narrative and the Self." Philosophy and Literature 47, no. 2 (2023): 439–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/phl.2023.a913816.

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Abstract: Narratives are an interface that evolution has instilled in our brains for their optimal interaction with reality. Without them we would not be who we are: creatures that narrativize their experiences, integrate them into their autobiographical self, and imagine the future of this self. But narratives also distort reality by endowing it with meaning, purpose, and causality even when none exist. Literary stories with weak narrativity, such as those by Raymond Carver, remind us of another modality of the human mind and selfhood available to us, one that registers the world without subj

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KONDYLIS, FILIPPOS I., RICHARD P. MORIARTY, DAVID BOSTWICK, and PAUL F. SCHELLHAMMER. "Prostate Cancer Grade Assignment: The Effect of Chronological, Interpretive and Translation Bias." Journal of Urology 170, no. 4 Part 1 (2003): 1189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000085675.96097.76.

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Weiss, David, and Mona Weiss. "Why People Feel Younger: Motivational and Social-Cognitive Mechanisms of the Subjective Age Bias and Its Implications for Work and Organizations." Work, Aging and Retirement 5, no. 4 (2019): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/workar/waz016.

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Abstract The term subjective age bias describes the phenomenon that from adolescence to old age most people feel significantly younger or older than their chronological age. Although recent advances in life-span development research demonstrate the fundamental role of subjective age bias for well-being, performance, and health, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. By highlighting the motivational and social-cognitive mechanisms of the subjective age bias, we answer 3 crucial questions and discuss implications for work and organizations. We conclude with recommendations for future

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Staats, Sara. "Youthful and Older Biases as Special Cases of a Self-Age Optimization Bias." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 43, no. 4 (1996): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/dlvq-bye7-x5qx-11r9.

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Two concepts of subjective age are measured for two cohorts (college students and older persons with an age range of 50 to 91 years). Functional age (Kastenbaum et al., 1972 Ages-of-Me Scale [1]) shows the typical youthful bias for the older cohort. An older bias is shown for the Best/Ideal Age by the older cohort in comparison to the younger cohort. Taken together, the youthful bias, being like someone of younger chronological age, and the bias of selecting a relatively older age as best represents a “Self Age Optimization Bias.” A sub-set of Best Age items dealing with work and career are id

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Lipsky, Ari M., and Sander Greenland. "Response to the letter ‘Recognizing chronological bias for what it is’ by Berger." Clinical Trials 8, no. 6 (2011): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740774511423950.

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Park, Kylie J., Kei Yoshimura, Hyungjun Kim, and Taikan Oki. "Chronological Development of Terrestrial Mean Precipitation." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 98, no. 11 (2017): 2411–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-16-0005.1.

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Abstract Over 150 years of investigations into global terrestrial precipitation are revisited to reveal how researchers estimated annual means from in situ observations before the age of digitization. After introducing early regional efforts to measure precipitation, the pioneering estimates of terrestrial mean precipitation from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries are compared to successive estimates, including those using the latest gridded precipitation datasets available. The investigation reveals that the range of the early estimates is comparable to the interannual variatio

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Hilgers, Ralf-Dieter, Diane Uschner, William F. Rosenberger, and Nicole Heussen. "ERDO - a framework to select an appropriate randomization procedure for clinical trials." BMC Medical Research Methodology 17, no. 1 (2017): 159. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-017-0428-z.

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<strong>Background: </strong>Randomization is considered to be a key feature to protect against bias in randomized clinical trials. Randomization induces comparability with respect to known and unknown covariates, mitigates selection bias, and provides a basis for inference. Although various randomization procedures have been proposed, no single procedure performs uniformly best. In the design phase of a clinical trial, the scientist has to decide which randomization procedure to use, taking into account the practical setting of the trial with respect to the potential of bias. Less emphasis ha

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Kempf, Michael, and Eli J. S. Weaverdyck. "Modelling Bias and Environmental Preferences in Archaeological Spatial Analysis." Vegueta. Anuario de la Facultad de Geografía e Historia 23, no. 1 (2023): 57–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.51349/veg.2023.1.03.

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Point pattern analysis (PPA) has gained momentum in archaeological research that models large-scale distributions of sites and explanatory covariates. As such, there has been increased interest in the bias of archaeological distributions, which mostly have an impact due to modern land-use change. These interactions, however, have not yet been fully explored. In order to better understand archaeological point patterns as functions of explanatory covariates, we offer three different approaches: (i) environmental preference modelling of archaeological records in different chronological phases; (i

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Hostiuc, Sorin, Ioana Diaconescu, Mugurel Constantin Rusu, and Ionut Negoi. "Age Estimation Using the Cameriere Methods of Open Apices: A Meta-Analysis." Healthcare 9, no. 2 (2021): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9020237.

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Purpose: To evaluate the actual variability of the mean difference between chronological and dental age using the Cameriere method of open apices and to test its accuracy in variable age groups. Method: We selected studies that contained data about the mean, standard deviation, and number of cases for chronological age, dental age and gender. We used a random-effects model. Statistical significance was estimated, at a p < 0.05, using prediction intervals. For the analysis of publication bias we used the funnel plot and Egger’s regression test for plot asymmetry. I2 was used to test the pres

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Adizes, Ichak Kalderon, Dusanka Rodic, and Mladen Cudanov. "Estimating consultant engagement in the corporate lifecycle: study of the bias in South Eastern Europe." Management:Journal of Sustainable Business and Management Solutions in Emerging Economies 22, no. 2 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7595/management.fon.2017.0015.

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This paper surveys perception bias regarding the timing of proactive consultant engagement. It aims to improve efficiency and effectiveness of consultant engagement. Research is based on the primary dataset from South Eastern Europe and secondary dataset which is used for comparison as the real lifecycle phase of consultant engagement. Adizes lifecycle model provided our theoretical framework. After data were checked for normality t-test was used for hypotheses confirmation/rejection. T-test confirmed existence of negative bias in early lifecycle phases, onesample t(118) =-16,232, p = 0.000.

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Armstrong, Kaylynn, Hend Nadim, DaiWai Olson, and Sonja Stutzman. "Use of modified Delphi introduces the risk of chronological bias during clinical research interventions." Nurse Researcher 29, no. 1 (2021): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/nr.2020.e1742.

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Rückbeil, Marcia Viviane, Ralf-Dieter Hilgers, and Nicole Heussen. "Randomization in survival studies: An evaluation method that takes into account selection and chronological bias." PLOS ONE 14, no. 6 (2019): e0217946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217946.

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van Tuyl, Lilian H. D., Désirée van der Heijde, Dirk L. Knol, and Maarten Boers. "Chronological reading of radiographs in rheumatoid arthritis increases efficiency and does not lead to bias." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 73, no. 2 (2013): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202876.

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Gould, Jacqueline F., Belinda G. Fuss, Rachel M. Roberts, Carmel T. Collins, and Maria Makrides. "Consequences of using chronological age versus corrected age when testing cognitive and motor development in infancy and intelligence quotient at school age for children born preterm." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (2021): e0256824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256824.

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Background Children born preterm (<37 weeks’ gestation) have an increased risk of poor neurodevelopment, including lower intelligence quotient (IQ) scores compared with their term-born counterparts. Objective To explore the differences in psychometric scores for cognition and motor skills when they are age-standardized according to chronological age instead of corrected age for children born preterm. Methods We assessed = 554 children born <33 weeks’ gestation with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 2nd edition (mental and motor scores) at 18 months and the Weschler Abbreviated Sca

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Boulton, Kelsie A., and Melanie A. Porter. "Extending the positive bias in Williams syndrome: The influence of biographical information on attention allocation." Development and Psychopathology 32, no. 1 (2019): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418001712.

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AbstractThere is evidence that individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) show an attention bias toward positive social-perceptual (happy) faces. Research has not yet considered whether this attention bias extends beyond social-perceptual stimuli to perceptually neutral stimuli that are paired with positive (trustworthy) biographical information. Fourteen participants with WS (mean age = 21 years, 1 month) learned to associate perceptually neutral faces with trustworthy (positive), neutral, or untrustworthy (negative) biographical information, before completing a dot-probe task where the same bio

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Weiss, David. "When and Why Does Subjective Age Boost Competence and Proactive Work Behavior?" Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2110.

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Abstract Subjective age bias suggests that middle-aged and older adults feel relative younger, whereas adolescents and young adults often feel older than their chronological age. However, we still know very little about its social conditions and consequences across the life span particularly within the work domain. Across three studies (correlational, experimental, and field: Ns = 650, 16-85 years), we show that feeling older (among younger adults) and younger (among older adults) is triggered by undesirable age stereotypes concerning competence and status of young and later adulthood and desi

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Harrison, Róisín Elaine, Martin Giesel, and Constanze Hesse. "Temporal-order judgement task suggests chronological action representations in motor experts and non-experts." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 73, no. 11 (2020): 1879–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021820936982.

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Motor priming studies have suggested that human movements are mentally represented in the order in which they usually occur (i.e., chronologically). In this study, we investigated whether we could find evidence for these chronological representations using a paradigm which has frequently been employed to reveal biases in the perceived temporal order of events—the temporal-order judgement task. We used scrambled and unscrambled images of early and late movement phases from an everyday action sequence (“stepping”) and an expert action sequence (“sprinting”) to examine whether participants’ menta

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Granero, Roser, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Susana Valero-Solís, et al. "The influence of chronological age on cognitive biases and impulsivity levels in male patients with gambling disorder." Journal of Behavioral Addictions 9, no. 2 (2020): 383–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00028.

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AbstractBackground and aimsDue to the contribution of age to the etiology of gambling disorder (GD), there is a need to assess the moderator effect of the aging process with other features that are highly related with the clinical profile. The objective of this study is to examine the role of the chronological age into the relationships between cognitive biases, impulsivity levels and gambling preference with the GD profile during adulthood.MethodsSample included n = 209 patients aged 18–77 years-old recruited from a Pathological Gambling Outpatients Unit. Orthogonal contrasts explored polynom

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Paccagnella, Omar. "ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUBJECTIVE AGE AND GRIP STRENGTH IN OLDER POPULATIONS." Innovation in Aging 8, Supplement_1 (2024): 720. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae098.2348.

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Abstract Subjective age is the extent to which an individual feels younger or older than his/her chronological age. A large amount of literature shows that feeling younger is associated with better physical, psychological and cognitive outcomes. In this work, we exploit the richness and the comparability of three sister surveys on ageing (HRS, ELSA, SHARE, using both the Gateway to Global Aging Data platform and the original datasets) to investigate the relationship between subjective age and handgrip strength, that can be thought as an objective measure of physical health. Three different cou

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Bernstein, Seth. "AI as a Historical Lens: An Experiment in Periodization of Russia’s State Photography Archive with Neural Networks." Slavic Review 84, no. 1 (2025): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1017/slr.2025.10148.

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AbstractChronology is an important framing mechanism in history and changes significantly based on who defines historical eras. The area studies field has recently grappled with the need to decenter perspectives and reconsider the sources that scholars use. This article uses deep learning artificial intelligence methods to process 169,634 images from the Russian State Documentary Film and Photo Archive (RGAKFD), a major archive of photography in the region, as containing a statist chronological logic, one defined by political change in the center. By peering under the hood of the algorithm’s p

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Sousa, Liliana, Margarida Cerqueira, and Helena Galante. "How images of old age vary with age: an exploratory study among the Portuguese population." Reviews in Clinical Gerontology 18, no. 1 (2008): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959259808002682.

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Agism was the term chosen by Butler to name the process of discrimination based on chronological age, which usually results in an image of the elderly as unproductive, sick, depressed and with cognitive impairment. This form of bias, like others that devaluate and stereotype groups of people, has a marked effect on social interaction, influencing social attitudes and perceptions in a covert manner. The use of negative images relating to old age and the aging process promotes negative attitudes relating to elderly people, affects the way they live and the way people of other ages prepare to fac

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Crawford, Bredon, Rahul Pawar, Haoqi Sun, Michael Westover, Robert Thomas, and Margaret Blattner. "0420 Characterization of Brain Age in Patients with Prolonged Sleep Duration." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (2022): A187—A188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.417.

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Abstract Introduction We identified 35 consecutive extended sleep studies for patients with 10 or more hours of total sleep time, and applied the BAI model to these studies. The BAI model was trained using sleep studies from relatively healthy participants. The sleep EEG features were extracted from both the spectral domain and the waveform. For each sleep stage, we extracted 96 features, and each of the features was averaged across the sleep stages. The resulting features were concatenated to form 480 features to represent the entire recording of sleep. These features are fed into a linear re

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SIALAKIS, Christos. "The Impact οf Economic Recession οn Public Health and Healthcare System in Greece". Health Review 30, № 178 (2019): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54042/hr486hhsma.

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Objectives: This review aims to investigate the effect of economic recession on healthcare system in Greece and public health of Greek society in general, and to underline the necessity to take increased measures for vulnerable groups of the society. Material and Methods: Relevant studies were searched in PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Chronological limit was set to studies published before 2009. Studies in English or Greek language were selected. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were set. Quality assessment of includ- ed studies was performed by using elements such as reporting bias, se

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Rezaee Vessal, Saeedeh, and Judith Partouche-Sebban. "The effect of mortality salience on status consumption among elderly individuals: the moderating role of chronological age and subjective age." Journal of Organizational Change Management 35, no. 1 (2021): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-12-2019-0392.

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PurposeOver the past two decades, a large body of research has examined the effect of the awareness of the inevitability of death on consumption behaviours. However, the literature has shed little light on the effect of mortality salience (MS) on elderly individuals. The present research specifically aims to challenge the effect of MS on status consumption among elderly individuals.Design/methodology/approachTwo experiments were conducted among individuals over 50. The experiments manipulated MS to test its effect on status consumption.FindingsThe results demonstrate that MS positively influen

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Zhao, Mingxiao, Ruofan Ding, Yan Liu, Zhiliang Ji, and Yufen Zhao. "Determination of the Amino Acid Recruitment Order in Early Life by Genome-Wide Analysis of Amino Acid Usage Bias." Biomolecules 12, no. 2 (2022): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12020171.

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The mechanisms shaping the amino acids recruitment pattern into the proteins in the early life history presently remains a huge mystery. In this study, we conducted genome-wide analyses of amino acids usage and genetic codons structure in 7270 species across three domains of life. The carried-out analyses evidenced ubiquitous usage bias of amino acids that were likely independent from codon usage bias. Taking advantage of codon usage bias, we performed pseudotime analysis to re-determine the chronological order of the species emergence, which inspired a new species relationship by tracing the

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Swain, Michael, Steven J. Kamper, Christopher G. Maher, Carolyn Broderick, Damien McKay, and Nicholas Henschke. "Relationship between growth, maturation and musculoskeletal conditions in adolescents: a systematic review." British Journal of Sports Medicine 52, no. 19 (2018): 1246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098418.

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ObjectiveTo determine whether there is a relationship between physical growth and development, as determined by markers of biological maturation, and musculoskeletal conditions in adolescents.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesElectronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) were searched up to 6 September 2017.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies that evaluated the association between biological maturation or growth and musculoskeletal conditions in adolescents (chronological age 10–19 years).ResultsFrom 20 361 titles identif

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Williams, Tracey A., Melanie A. Porter, and Robyn Langdon. "Social Approach and Emotion Recognition in Fragile X Syndrome." American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 119, no. 2 (2014): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-119.2.133.

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Abstract Evidence is emerging that individuals with Fragile X syndrome (FXS) display emotion recognition deficits, which may contribute to their significant social difficulties. The current study investigated the emotion recognition abilities, and social approachability judgments, of FXS individuals when processing emotional stimuli. Relative to chronological age- (CA-) and mental age- (MA-) matched controls, the FXS group performed significantly more poorly on the emotion recognition tasks, and displayed a bias towards detecting negative emotions. Moreover, after controlling for emotion recog

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SZABO, ANIKO, and ANDREI YAKOVLEV. "PREFERRED SEQUENCES OF GENETIC EVENTS IN CARCINOGENESIS: QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF THE PROBLEM." Journal of Biological Systems 09, no. 02 (2001): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021833900100030x.

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In this paper we discuss some natural limitations in quantitative inference about the frequency, correlation and ordering of genetic events occurring in the course of tumor development. We consider a simple, yet frequently used experimental design, under which independent tumors are examined once for the presence/absence of specific mutations of interest. The most typical factors that affect the inference on the chronological order of genetic events are: a possible dependence of mutation rates, the sampling bias that arises from the observation process and small sample sizes. Our results clear

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Hernandez, Julia, Chantal Widmer, Stephen Cobley, Dennis-Peter Born, Wolfgang Taube, and Michael Romann. "Longitudinal performance trajectories for youth female and male soccer players: 10m-sprint percentile curves adapted to biological age." Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS) 10, no. 2 (2025): 047. https://doi.org/10.36950/2025.2ciss047.

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Introduction Longitudinal performance monitoring is essential in sport science for accurate talent identification and forecasting future performance. The present study applied linear mixed-effects models (LMM) to analyze the longitudinal performance development of youth soccer players, both female and male. In addition to percentile curves based on chronological age, a novel approach incorporating biological age, which accounts for maturation variability during puberty, is introduced. The incorporation of biological age, as compared to chronological age, is intended to enable a more equitable

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Comboul, M., J. Emile-Geay, M. N. Evans, N. Mirnateghi, K. M. Cobb, and D. M. Thompson. "A probabilistic model of chronological errors in layer-counted climate proxies: applications to annually-banded coral archives." Climate of the Past Discussions 9, no. 5 (2013): 6077–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-9-6077-2013.

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Abstract. The ability to precisely date climate proxies is central to the reconstruction of past climate variations. To a degree, all climate proxies are affected by age uncertainties, which are seldom quantified. This article proposes a probabilistic age model for proxies based on layer-counted chronologies, and explores its use for annually-banded coral archives. The model considers both missing and doubly-counted growth increments (represented as independent processes), accommodates various assumptions about error rates, and allows to quantify the impact of chronological uncertainties on di

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Adolphi, F., and R. Muscheler. "Synchronizing the Greenland ice core and radiocarbon timescales over the Holocene – Bayesian wiggle-matching of cosmogenic radionuclide records." Climate of the Past Discussions 11, no. 4 (2015): 2933–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-11-2933-2015.

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Abstract. Investigations of past climate dynamics rely on accurate and precise chronologies of the employed climate reconstructions. The radiocarbon dating calibration curve (IntCal13) and the Greenland ice core chronology (GICC05) represent two of the most widely used chronological frameworks in paleoclimatology of the past ∼ 50 000 years. However, comparisons of climate records anchored on these chronologies are hampered by the precision and accuracy of both timescales. Here we use common variations in the production rates of 14C and 10Be recorded in tree-rings and ice cores, respectively, t

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Adolphi, F., and R. Muscheler. "Synchronizing the Greenland ice core and radiocarbon timescales over the Holocene – Bayesian wiggle-matching of cosmogenic radionuclide records." Climate of the Past 12, no. 1 (2016): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-15-2016.

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Abstract. Investigations of past climate dynamics rely on accurate and precise chronologies of the employed climate reconstructions. The radiocarbon dating calibration curve (IntCal13) and the Greenland ice core chronology (GICC05) represent two of the most widely used chronological frameworks in paleoclimatology of the past ∼ 50 000 years. However, comparisons of climate records anchored on these chronologies are hampered by the precision and accuracy of both timescales. Here we use common variations in the production rates of 14C and 10Be recorded in tree-rings and ice cores, respectively, t

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Comboul, M., J. Emile-Geay, M. N. Evans, N. Mirnateghi, K. M. Cobb, and D. M. Thompson. "A probabilistic model of chronological errors in layer-counted climate proxies: applications to annually banded coral archives." Climate of the Past 10, no. 2 (2014): 825–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-825-2014.

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Abstract. The ability to precisely date climate proxies is central to the reconstruction of past climate variations. To a degree, all climate proxies are affected by age uncertainties, which are seldom quantified. This article proposes a probabilistic age model for proxies based on layer-counted chronologies, and explores its use for annually banded coral archives. The model considers both missing and doubly counted growth increments (represented as independent processes), accommodates various assumptions about error rates, and allows one to quantify the impact of chronological uncertainties o

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Drehmer, David E., Cosimo A. Carlucci, James E. Bordieri, and Laura B. Pincus. "Effects of Age on Ranking for Reduction in Work Force." Psychological Reports 70, no. 3_suppl (1992): 1203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.70.3c.1203.

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A laboratory experiment tested the hypothesis that age and written descriptions of performance affected simulated evaluations for reduction in work force. 56 supervisors and managers attending night school reviewed written descriptions of seven individuals' performance. Seven different ages ranging from 25 to 63 years were paired with each individual's performance in a within-subject Latin square design. Each subject rated seven simulated individuals on 10 attributes and made recommendations in the form of comparative rankings for a simulated reduction in force. Chronological age effects on pe

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Alexander, Freda E., Thomas J. Anderson, and Alexandra L. Hubbard. "Screening Status in Relation to Biological and Chronological Characteristics of Breast Cancers: A Cross Sectional Survey." Journal of Medical Screening 4, no. 3 (1997): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096914139700400308.

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Objective— To determine the pathological and biological characteristics of breast cancers diagnosed by screening and examined at the Edinburgh University pathology department. Methods— These cancers were classified by screening status: never screened (n=111), prevalence screen detected (n=105), and previously screened (n=74). The last category arose in women who had been regularly screened during the trial; the cancers were diagnosed as interval cases before the first invitation to service screening (n=33) or were incidence screen detected at that time (n=41). Results— Association (for operabl

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Weiss, David. "THE DYNAMIC NATURE OF SUBJECTIVE AGE ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.643.

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Abstract A large body of research has confirmed that from childhood to old age most individuals feel significantly younger or older than their chronological age. Up to now, however, there is no clear theoretical understanding as to why younger adults tend to feel on average older and older adults tend to feel on average younger. We adopt a motivated social-cognition perspective on subjective age and examine age-differential antecedents and correlates of subjective age across the adult life span. Results from a cross-sectional study (N = 1652, 18-84 years) and a 9-month longitudinal study (N =

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Bezuglov, Eduard Nikolayevich, Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis, Vladimir Khaitin, et al. "Prevalence of Relative Age Effect in Russian Soccer: The Role of Chronological Age and Performance." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21 (2019): 4055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214055.

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The relative age effect (RAE) has been well studied in adolescent and adult soccer players; however, less information has been available about children engaged in regular soccer training and the role of performance. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of RAE in children and adolescent soccer players, as well as the role of age and performance. Russian soccer players (n = 10,446) of various ages, playing positions and performance levels were examined for their date of birth. It was observed that RAE was widespread in Russian soccer teams of all age groups. RAE was m

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Geithner, Christina A., Claire E. Molenaar, Tommy Henriksson, Anncristine Fjellman-Wiklund, and Kajsa Gilenstam. "Relative Age Effects in Women’s Ice Hockey: Contributions of Body Size and Maturity Status." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 26, no. 2 (2018): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.2017-0034.

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Research on relative age effects (RAEs) in women’s ice hockey is lacking data on participant characteristics, particularly body size and maturity status. The purposes of our study were to investigate RAEs in women’s ice hockey players from two countries, and to determine whether RAE patterns could be explained by chronological age, body size, and maturity status. Participants were 54 Swedish elite and 63 Canadian university players. Birthdates were coded by quartiles (Q1–Q4). Weight and height were obtained, and body mass index and chronological age were calculated for each player. Players rec

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Savelchev, L. A. "Conceptualizing Parliamentary Diplomacy." EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics 18, no. 3 (2024): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-2929-2024-03-112-121.

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Aim. The article reveals the conceptual foundations of parliamentary diplomacy.Methods. In order to fulfill the purpose, the author drew upon theoretical methodology namely modelling, chronological, comparative, complementary and parallel approaches.Results. The phases of development of parliamentary diplomacy are outlined. The theoretical model (institutional design) of parliamentary diplomacy is designed. The features of the international activities of representative authorities are outlined.Conclusions. First, the geopolitical processes of the second half of the 20th century have caused par

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Donner, Natalia R., and Alexander Geurds. "The Valley of Juigalpa, Mayales River Subbasin Microregion (Chontales, Nicaragua) Date List I." Radiocarbon 60, no. 2 (2018): 717–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2017.147.

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AbstractThe chronology of human presence in Chontales, central Nicaragua, was established by Franck Gorin (1989), who applied a combination of absolute dates and ceramic associations to build a sequence comprised of six different phases. However, interpretative and chronological issues have arisen due to two main problems. First, the sequence was based on stylistic associations to polychrome ceramics from Pacific Nicaragua. Second, the sample analyzed by Gorin shows contextual bias and lacks sufficient absolute dates. As a result, a comprehensive regional research plan was established to test

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Wiese, Jessica, Roger Buehler, and Dale Griffin. "Backward planning: Effects of planning direction on predictions of task completion time." Judgment and Decision Making 11, no. 2 (2016): 147–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500007269.

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AbstractPeople frequently underestimate the time needed to complete tasks and we examined a strategy – known as backward planning – that may counteract this optimistic bias. Backward planning involves starting a plan at the end goal and then working through required steps in reverse-chronological order, and is commonly advocated by practitioners as a tool for developing realistic plans and projections. We conducted four experiments to test effects on completion time predictions and related cognitive processes. Participants planned for a task in one of three directions (backward, forward, or un

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Conde-Silvestre, J. Camilo, and Javier Calle-Martín. "Zero that-clauses in the history of English. A historical sociolinguistic approach (1424–1681)." Journal of Historical Sociolinguistics 1, no. 1 (2015): 57–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jhsl-2015-0003.

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AbstractThe present paper traces the history of zero and that as competing links for object clauses in the history of English from chronological and sociolinguistic perspectives. Even though the zero link is sporadically attested in Old English, the rise of the zero complementizer takes place in late Middle English and is well-established in the second half of the sixteenth century, becoming more frequent in speech-based text types (trials, sermons) or in texts representing the oral mode of expression (fiction, comedies). The use of this construction is then observed to diminish drastically in

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Steel, Catherine. "Introduction." New Surveys in the Classics 36 (2006): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383506000179.

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The focus of this survey is on oratory as a spoken phenomenon, intimately related to politics and government at Rome. Its chronological scope is roughly from the beginning of the second century B.C. until the end of the first century A.D.; it has no pretensions to offer a guide to oratory in the later Empire. Its geographical focus is firmly on Rome, reflecting the overwhelming bias in our source material. I start with the occasions for oratory in Rome and turn then to the issues which arise from the process of turning a speech, delivered in front of an audience on a particular occasion, into

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Scott, E. M., P. Naysmith, and G. T. Cook. "Should Archaeologists Care about 14C Intercomparisons? Why? A Summary Report on SIRI." Radiocarbon 59, no. 5 (2017): 1589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2017.12.

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AbstractRadiocarbon (14C) dating is used widely in many projects as a basis for the creation and testing of chronological constructs. 14C measurements are by their nature complex and the degree of sample pretreatment varies considerably depending on the material. Within the United Kingdom and Europe, there are a number of well-established laboratories and increasingly, archaeologists are not just commissioning new dates, but also using statistical modelling of assemblages of dates, perhaps measured in different laboratories, to provide formal date estimates for their sites. The issue of compar

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Storm, Lance. "The Dark Spirit of the Trickster Archetype in Parapsychology." Journal of Scientific Exploration 37, no. 4 (2023): 665–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31275/20232715.

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In this paper, the phenomenology of the Trickster (its ‘darker’ side) is explored. The archetypal Trickster is shown to manifest as psychosociological aberrations and bizarre physical effects often associated with unique individuals during certain emotionally charged states. Though the Trickster and its many variants have mythological roots, the modern-day equivalent (free, for example, from anthropomorphization) can be seen as an activated psychological proneness to err in thinking when a liminal phase is entered into—that borderland between doubt and certainty. Mainstream academia considers

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Kogan, Lawrence, Adam Faye, Sarah Harvey, et al. "CHRONOLOGICAL AGE INFLUENCES TREATMENT DECISION IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: AN IBD QORUS COLLABORATIVE STUDY." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 30, Supplement_1 (2024): S80—S81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izae020.174.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Despite making up roughly one quarter of the patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in the United States, older adults are an understudied population. Chronic steroid use may be as high as 40% in this population and advanced therapies are often deferred, even though long-term treatment goals are to achieve endoscopic remission utilizing steroid-sparing agents. In order to further explore this, we assessed differences in medication usage between older and younger adults with IBD, stratified by disease activity. METHODS We analyzed surveys from the Crohn’s and Coliti

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