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1
Kalytiuk, Lilia, and Mykhailo Reksha. "DYNAMICS OF STRUCTURE AND PRAGMATICS OF ACCEPTANCE SPEECHES AT THE “OSCAR” CEREMONY." Studia Philologica 1, no. 14 (2020): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-2425.2020.147.
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The research focuses on structural and pragmatic aspects of the acceptance speeches at the Oscar ceremony. The carried out research rests upon the aim to verify or refute our working hypothesis that the speeches in question, being part of the institutional discourse, are thematically homogeneous and during a short period of time are not subject for significant structural and thematic deviations. The empirical material was grouped into three chronological layers: the first, the most chronologically distant and covering 1960—1970 time span. The second layer covers the decade dating 1988—1998s. The last, the most recent layer includes speeches, delivered in the 21st century. For the investigation we picked 30 speeches (10 for each layer, equally representing men’s and women’s speeches). We hold that the speeches in question, being part of institutional discourse, are thematically heterogeneous and during a short period of time are the subject for significant structural and thematic deviations, becoming more personal, more intimate and informal. The said refutes the aforementioned working hypothesis.
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Potap, Olga, Marc Cohen, and Grigori Nekritch. "Society for the Protection of the Health of the Jewish Population (OSE): Jewish Humanitarian Mission for over 100 Years." Changing Societies & Personalities 5, no. 2 (July 9, 2021): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/csp.2021.5.2.128.
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The essay's primary purpose is to bring to the attention of readers interested in the history of the Jewish people that the dramatic 20th century is not only the victims of the Holocaust–and not only the heroism of the military on the battlefields. It is active resistance to barbarism–the rescue of defenseless people through daily civilian activities, nevertheless associated with a constant risk to life. This paper examines non-political and non-religious secular Jewish welfare society within Jewish political and national movements. This essay considers five historical periods of the activity of OSE. These periods are: 1912–1922; 1922–1933; 1933–1945; 1945–1950; 1950–present time. This chronological classification is somewhat imperfect; however, each period reflects the dynamic of functional changes in the initial tasks of the society to review the goals of the organization to satisfy the urgent needs of the European Jewish community in a debatable circumstance of the 20th–21st centuries.
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Bitušíková, Alexandra. "Cultural Heritage-Based Urban Festival as a Tool to Promote Local Identity and City Marketing." Narodna umjetnost 57, no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15176/vol57no207.
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This paper deals with the processes of transformation of an urban festival – the Radvaň Fair in the city of Banská Bystrica, Slovakia – in a comprehensive way and from a chronological point of view. The main focus is on the development of the festival in the post-1989 (post-communist) period. The fair has been organised continuously since 1655 and went through a number of transformations. Its function has changed from a primarily commercial event of three centuries to a significant cultural and social hallmark festival in the 21st century. The key research questions concern the role of cultural heritage-based festival in identity building and city marketing, and the relationship between the festival and place (location). The paper also addresses the question of potential use/misuse of cultural heritage in current political discourse and practice.
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Skorik, Evgeniya A. "Non-equivalent vocabulary in social-political texts of the XVIII century." Russian Language Studies 18, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 232–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-8163-2020-18-2-232-249.
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The article deals with the non-equivalent vocabulary in socio-political texts of the 18th century. The interest to this type of vocabulary is growing (especially in translation and linguoculturology): every year there are more and more works studying non-equivalent vocabulary with national-cultural specificity of meaning in various resources: fiction, textbooks, press, dictionaries. However, these studies are carried out on the texts of the 19th-21st centuries. In this article, we for the first time analyze this vocabulary in the artistic texts of the 18th century. The authors of the texts (the research materials) are well-known historical figures of the period: Catherine II, M.V. Lomonosov, V.N. Tatishchev, V.K. Trediakovsky, A. Matseevich, P.A. Plavilshikov. The main criterion for text selection was the level of knowledge of non-equivalent vocabulary in them. It is for the first time when identification and description of non-equivalent vocabulary was held in socio-political texts. The purpose of this research is to identify, describe and analyze non-equivalent words in the texts. The practical significance of the research is in the fact that its results can be used in classes of Russian as a foreign language, when compiling dictionaries of non-equivalent vocabulary or linguistic and regional dictionaries, when translating the source texts into foreign languages and making comments. The theoretical significance of the research is in the fact that its results became the basis for further research of non-equivalent vocabulary with national-cultural specificity of meaning. As a result of the research, there were identified the quantity and quality of non-equivalent words. The discovered non-equivalent words were classified into several thematic groups: household items, titles, military vocabulary, social groups, etc., and into types of non-equivalent vocabulary: words-realities, lacunae, exotisms, deviations from the common language norm, etc. In order to have a complete picture of this linguistic phenomenon, it is necessary to make wider the chronological and genre framework of the research material in the future. It is possible to use not only texts of the 18th-21st centuries as a source, but also texts of earlier periods; it is necessary to use not only works of fiction, dictionaries, press, but also to research sociopolitical texts: documents, scientific works, letters.
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Kurbatov, Sergiy Volodymirovych, and Mariya Mikhaylivna Rohozha. "University Mission in Western-European Culture (Ethical and Sociological Aspects) P. ІІ." Filosofiya osvity. Philosophy of Education 26, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31874/2309-1606-2020-26-1-7.
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The paper by Sergiy Kurbatov and Mariya Rohozha “The Mission of University in the Western European Culture”(Part II) is devoted to the analyses of transformation of the university as social institution and cultural phenomenon in our time, which we started at the first part of this paper, that was published in “Philosophy of Education”, 2017, № 2 (21)). If the previous paper of these authors included a long chronological period from the origin of the university in late Medieval time up to the 20th century, the current paper is concentrated on analyses of radical challenges, that university faced at the end of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century. For example, such popular in contemporary English language literature concept as the end (or the death) of university is observed. The authors tried to analyze sociological attempts to measure the main university activities in the form of international university rankings and the possibilities to develop in Ukraine the ideal models of university, which any system of university rankings have. The special stress was made on the influence of COVID 19 pandemic on transformative processes and institutional development of universities in the nearest future. The main challenges of the 21st century are crucial for the university, because this institution lost monopoly of producing and distribution of advanced knowledge for the first time in history. From the tactic viewpoint, university is less competitive than the different training programs and online courses, it is too conservative and bureaucratic one. But the authors think that in strategic perspective university has a chance for renovation, proving the old maxima that the values and spiritual dimensions of being and the relevant environment are crucial for human being. Almost the millennium of university history proves its ability to pass through the dramatic historical transformation and to continue to maintain its essence.
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Medina-Fitoria, Arnulfo, and José G. Martínez-Fonseca. "Cronología histórica de la quiropterología en Nicaragua." Revista Mexicana de Mastozoología (Nueva Epoca) 9, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ie.20074484e.2019.9.2.286.
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ResumenEn este artículo describimos cronológicamente 182 años de investigación chiropterológica que atribuyen 110 especies en Nicaragua; desde la primeracolecta registrada en 1837 hasta la última publicación hecha en 2019. Estos trabajos fueron hechos en su totalidad por extranjeros hasta finalesdel siglo pasado, con una importante participación de investigadores nacionales a partir del siglo XXI. Determinamos tres épocas principales de exploración y cuyo auge ha dependido de las situaciones sociopolíticas del país. La primera seextendió de finales del siglo XIX hasta principios del siglo XX, con un segundo periodo durante las décadas de 1960 y 1970 y un tercer período que transcurre a lo largo del siglo XXI. En total recopilamos y analizamos 93 publicaciones científicas, las cuales datamos y ordenamos según su fecha de publicación. El recuento histórico reconoce a naturalistas y científicos nacionales y extranjeros que han contribuido al conocimiento de los murciélagos del país, donde se resaltan algunas de las obras más significativas para el desarrollo de la mastozoología en Nicaragua.Palabras clave: Especies, localidades, murciélagos, publicaciones. AbstractWe chronologically describe 182 years of chiropterological research, attributing 110 species in Nicaragua; from the first collection recorded in 1837 untilthe last publication made in 2019; these works were made entirely by foreigners until the end of the last century, with an important participation of nationalresearchers from the 21st century. We determined three main periods of exploration and whose duration has depended on the socio-political situationsof the country. The first extended from the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century, with a second period during the 1960s and 1970s; and athird period that runs throughout the 21st century. In total we collect and analyze 93 reports, which we date and order according to their publication date.The historical account recognizes national and foreign naturalists and scientists who have contributed to the knowledge of the country’s bats, highlighting some of the most significant works.Key words: Bats, localities, publications, species.
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Vysochina, Ekaterina S. "STUDY OF ITALIAN-LIBYAN RELATIONS IN RUSSIAN SCIENCE LITERATURE FROM THE LATE 20TH TO THE EARLY 21ST CENTURY." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Political Sciences. History. International Relations, no. 1 (2021): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6339-2021-1-116-125.
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The main purpose of the article is to review the most complete and holistic scientific works of Russian authors which are devoted to the study of Italian-Libyan relations. To carry out the research a broad historiographic base on the topic was involved, the author turned to both the “classic” works of Soviet scientists, and to the most modern scientific figures. One of the main tasks in the study of the topic is to identify the historiographic issues associated with the lack of modern Russian scientific literature on the referred theme. The article analyzes the specific features of the literature published from the end of the 20th to the beginning of the 21st century in Russia, highlighting the issue of interaction between two countries in different spheres of international relations. The methodological basis of the work is the issue-chronological and complex analysis of the used literature, the establishment of the cause-effect relationships and patterns in the Russian authors approaches to their research, as well as their interpretation for the current stage of development of relations between the two countries. During research it was revealed that most of the scientific works of our compatriots are devoted to a certain, rather narrow, range of issues: the Italian–Turkish war of 1911–1912, cooperation between Libya and Italy in the control of illegal migration from Africa to Europe, Italian military intervention in the civil war in Libya 2011. At the same time, not many Russian authors cover and analyze the Italian-Libyan cooperation in the politi- cal, cultural, social, and economic fields during the long-term period of Colonel Gaddafi’s rule in Libya. In this regard, the author of the article notes that there is a great amount of historical data: the diplomatic documents, resolutions, offi- cial letters of top public executives, treaties and agreements between the coun- tries, including documents of international organizations that are not studied at present sufficiently. The article identifies the most perspective areas for further research of Italian-Libyan relations, what emphasizes the importance and relevance of the chosen topic. The author comes to a conclusion that at the moment it seems quite difficult to find a well-founded, comprehensive scientific literature designed to determine the nature and options for the development of relations between Libya and Italy at the modern stage.
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Zaytseva, L. G., and D. S. Bobrov. "Roads and Communication Routes in the South of Western Siberia in the 18th Century in the Coverage of Russian Historiography." Izvestiya of Altai State University, no. 5(115) (November 30, 2020): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2020)5-03.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of degree and nature of reflection of the problem of the genesis and evolution of transport communications in the south of Western Siberia in the 18th century in Russian historical research. The source base of the research was the Siberian studies literature of the 18th - early 21st centuries, devoted to or concerning the formation of communication routes in Altai and the Irtysh region, which is chronologically divided into three periods (pre-revolutionary, Soviet and modern), the presentation of the last two arranged problem-chronologically. In pre-revolutionary works, information about the region's roads was isolated (sporadic), usually in the context of personal observations of a traveler, calculations of the approximate distance between administrative objects or mentions of existed trade routes. Studies of the Soviet period affected on major overland and water routes, their role in colonization of the territory, and their relationship to population movements. Modern historiography presents some experiences of wide coverage of the history of communication routes in the south of Western Siberia, the region's roads are traditionally considered either as departmental tracks or in the context of expedition itineraries of individual detachments.
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Loboda, N. S., О. V. Smalii, І. V. Katynska, and О. M. Kotovich. "Assessment of changes in the water quality along the length of the Siverskyi Donets river at the beginning of the 21st century." Ukrainian hydrometeorological journal, no. 23 (June 8, 2019): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31481/uhmj.23.2019.06.
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The relevance of the problem consists in the need to achieve a "good status" of water in the rivers of Ukraine according to the objectives of the Water Framework Directive. The aim of the work is to identify the main trends of water quality changes over time and along the length of Siverskyi Donets River based on data of the hydrochemical observations for the period from 1985 to 2015 inclusive. To establish the water quality we used integral assessments based on hydrochemical indicators such as pollution coefficient, water pollution index, generalized index of water state in accordance with the water quality standards for fishery. The article shows that use of mandatory (priority) chemical indicators in the calculations of the pollution coefficient and the water pollution index does not reflect a real degree of water pollution, since it does not take into account a significant amount of pollutants. It was discovered that major pollutants in the main river include suspended substances, chromium, nitrite nitrogen, phenols, sulfates. For the right-bank tributaries of Siversky Donets (illustrated by the example of the Kryvyi Torets River) originating from Donetsk Upland heavy metals (chromium, copper, zinc) pollution is typical. The degree of pollution based on the coefficient of pollution for average multi-year period is deemed as catastrophic, and based on the index of water pollution it is labelled with IV (contaminated) and V (very contaminated) quality classes indicating a violation of the ecosystem stability. Based on the generalized index, the water is also classified as "contaminated". The calculations based on various integral indicators of water quality revealed that pollution of the Siversky Donets River increases downstream. This is due to growing anthropogenic impact (municipal and industrial waters of large cities, discharge of mine and open pit waters into surface waterways, withdrawal of the runoff for its redirection to canals and water conduits, presence of diffuse sources of pollution by biogenic and organic substances). The beginning of the 21st century saw a trend towards improvement established in the chronological course of integral indicators of water quality which was associated with decrease production volumes. According to the generalized index of water state the water quality of the main river gradually changes from “contaminated” and “very contaminated” to “moderately contaminated”, but contamination by heavy metals, biogenic and organic substances remains high.
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Magaramov, Sharafutdin A. "ETHNO-RELIGIOUS COMPOSITION OF DERBENT IN THE VI–XIX CENTURIES." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 16, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 50–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch16150-75.
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A number of scientific publications with the involvement of a wide range of sources and materials have been devoted to the study of ethno-demographic processes and religious composition of Derbent. However, this issue cannot be considered fully understood. The problem of the ethnic and religious composition of the city of Derbent in the medieval era and modern times has not been studied in a wider period with the involvement of archive material. A more complete picture of the ethno-confessional composition of Derbent can be reconstructed basing on data of a different nature of sources, including narrative sources and archival documents. The present paper aims to recreate the most complete and objective picture of the formation of the ethno-confessional composition of Derbent in the context of the events of foreign-policy of the region that took place from the 6th and up to the 19th century. The author proposes an upper chronological bound, based on the study of ethnographers M.-R.A. Ibragimov and M.M. Magomedkhanov on the ethno-confessional composition of Derbent in the end of the 19th – early 21st century, which is based on the population census. The article presents a reasoned author’s opinion regarding the ethnic composition of Derbent’s population in the Sasanian, Arabic, Seljuk and pre-Mongol periods. The study conducted shows that the ethno-religious processes of the medieval Derbent were significantly influenced by the events of the foreign political nature in the region: in different time periods, depending on the foreign policy situation, the specific gravity of one or another ethnic component changed, representatives of one or another confession dominated in the city. With the beginning of the Seljuk era, an active process of Turkification of Derbent’s population started, which continued over following periods. As a result, according to the household lists of 1886, ¾ of the city’s population were Turks (modern Azerbaijanis), the rest ¼ part was composed of the Jews, Armenians and Russians.
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Bogatyrev, Eduard D., and Dmitry A. Arzamaskov. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE PERIODICAL PRESS OF MORDOVIA IN THE END OF THE XX – THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY." Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2078-9823.043.018.201803.284-292.
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Introduction. Historically the media occupy an important place in the life of society, shaping a person’s worldview and public opinion, they are one of the possible channels of communication between the authorities and the people. One of the types of print media is the periodical press. At the turn of the millennium, serious changes took place in Russia: a new model of the economy was being built up, political culture was changing, and the formation of a democratic and civil society was beginning. As a result, there was a sharp increase in the number of newspapers and magazines. The periodical press of Russia has changed not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively. The purpose of the article is to study the formation of the printed media of Mordovia in the first post-Soviet decade. Methods. Methods were applied such as comparative-historical, systemic, problem-chronological. For example, to track the changes that occurred during the period under investigation in the periodical press of Mordovia, the comparative method allowed. Consideration of the evolution of the means of printing is impossible without taking into account the socio-economic situation in the region, for which the system method was used. The main trends in the development of the printed media in Mordovia at certain stages of the period under study made it possible to reveal the problem-chronological method. Results and discussion. The spectrum of periodicals is revealed, the specificity of the most popular newspapers of Mordovia is revealed. It was concluded that the changes that occurred in the post-Soviet period in printed periodicals were not only quantitative but also qualitative. After the cancellation of media censorship, journalists were able to work freely and independently, raise previously closed topics, but at the same time there were some difficulties (“chernukha”), which eventually managed to overcome. The most popular were the independent social and political newspapers “Vecherniy Saransk” and “Stolitsa C”, which focused on the coverage of events taking place in Mordovia. The official publication of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Mordovia was the newspaper “Izvestia Mordovia”. The national press is developing: the newspapers “Erzyan Pravda”, “Mokshen Pravda”, and “Tatarskaya Gazeta”. In connection with the renunciation of the monopoly of the atheistic worldview, confessional publications appeared in Mordovia. Also there were publications of a gender orientation – the newspaper “Sudarynya”. At the end of XX century there appeared regional youth magazines (“Strannik” (“The Wanderer”)). In addition to social and political publications, scientific journals have been published at universities and research institutes of Mordovia. Conclusion. Thus, at the turn of the millennium the periodical press of Mordovia, despite a number of tests, developed. There were various printed publications: business, information-commercial, religious, literary and artistic, and many others. It is worth noting that the changes were not only quantitative, but also qualitative. After the cancellation of media censorship, journalists were able to work freely and independently, raise previously closed topics, but at the same time there were some difficulties (“chernukha”), which eventually managed to overcome. One of the new all-Russian tendencies of the late 20th and early 21st centuries was the appearance on the pages of newspapers and magazines of various advertisements, which became an integral part of the republican press. As a result, it can be noted that the periodicals of Mordovia successfully compete with federal publications, and, therefore, are in demand by the residents of the republic.
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Tozer, Luke. "The Japanese House." Architectural Research Quarterly 21, no. 3 (September 2017): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135913551700032x.
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Western fascination with Japan and Japanese design is long established. The popularity of the recent exhibition The Japanese House: Architecture and Life After 1945 at London's Barbican illustrates that this fascination remains. This ‘blockbuster’ review of postwar domestic Japanese Architecture, supported by The Japan Foundation and previously hosted at MAXXI, National Museum of 21st Century Arts, Rome, responds to an enormous challenge: to try to account for the range and diversity of architectural approaches to domestic design within the broader contexts of traditional Japanese architecture and national life after 1945.The seven decades covered in the exhibition span postwar reconstruction, rapid economic expansion, bubble-era boom and bust, and deflationary stagnation, brought up to the present day. Material is organised ‘genealogically’ rather than chronologically, drawing together certain threads and traditions. It makes connections across time periods to suggest how the design of the Japanese house has dealt with sociological changes over this period, from the fracturing of the nuclear family and an increase in single-person households to an ageing population.
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Burtseva, Mariia. "The key milestones of liberalization process of Canadian immigration policy in 1945-2012." American History & Politics Scientific edition, no. 6 (2018): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2018.06.41-50.
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Nowadays, different countries and their governments are faced with challenges caused by the current migration crisis. Different issues of immigration process have a great influence on the various areas of society’s life. Thousands of refugees and immigrants are looking for their new home. As a result, a number of states are going through a crisis of multiculturalism and tolerance. All these problems encourage the studying of the mass relocation and different practices of immigration policy, especially the successful ones. It is important because the best practices can serve as a positive example for other countries. And in the second half of the 20th century, Canada was one of the regions with successful experience of immigration policy. Therefore, the article focuses on Canadian immigration policy and on the specificities of this area of Canada’s policy during the period from 1945 to 2012. The main attention is paid to the transformation processes and changes in the basic principles and goals of the Canadian immigration system. These processes started in the first decades after the end of World War II, and they lasted until the first decade of the 21st century. On the one hand, this paper examines the process of rejection of the concept of White Canada with its significant characteristics such as restrictive and discriminative norms of the immigration legislation. On the other hand, this article investigates the steps forward the new immigration policy of the Canadian state, which was based on the principles of liberalization, democracy, and the strategy of the Open Doors for the newcomers. In addition, the author identified certain chronological stages in the development of Canadian immigration policy during the historical period from 1945 to 2012. These stages are important because they made possible to provide an overview of identifying structural features that were commonly found at the different stages of Canada’s immigration policy. Finally, based on the research, the author summarizes the fundamental differences in Canadian immigration policy, as well as proposes her own scheme of dividing the historical development of this area of Canada’s federal policy from 1945 to 2012.
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TRIMBLE, VIRGINIA. "TIME SCALES FOR ACHIEVING ASTRONOMICAL CONSENSUS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 17, no. 06 (June 2008): 831–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271808012590.
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The history of science can be recounted in many ways: by addressing the work of one person or school; by starting with the ancients and working chronologically up to the present; by focusing on a particular century; or by tracing a particular important idea as far back and forward as it can be found. The present discussion does none of these. Rather, it adopts the ordering of a standard introductory astronomy textbook, from the solar system via stars and galaxies, to the universe as a whole, and in each regime picks out a few issues that were controversial or wrongly decided for a long time. For each, I attempt to identify a duration of the period of uncertainty or error and some of the causes of the confusion. This is surely not an original idea, though I am not aware of having encountered it elsewhere, and it is not one that is likely to appeal to most 21st century historians of science, for whom the question "Who first got it right?" is not necessarily an important, or even appropriate, one. Some of the stories have been told as historical introductions to conferences and are here summarized and brought up to date. Others I had not previously addressed.
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Zapalska, Izabela. "Can you fall in love with old age?" Praca Socjalna 36, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.1537.
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This text addresses the perception of old age in the 21st century. The aim of the article is to draw attention to the issue of the diverse perception of aging and old age. The addressees of the article are employees of social services, NGO activists, the elderly and their caregivers, people who contribute to the environment in which the elderly live, as well as students of medical, social sciences and pedagogical fields of studies. The selection of literature for this study was not accidental, as the authors of selected works are the elite of world gerontology, andragogy, pedagogy, psychology, sociology, whose main area of scientific interest are issues related to old age and the aging process. These include: Aleksander Kamiński, Zofia Szarota, Artur Fabiś, Barbara Szatur-Jawoska, Paul Baltes and others. The article attempts to show old age as a period of heyday and living it in a dignified rather than chronological way. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages and of this period of human life are presented, as wells as recognised examples of good practice, institutional support and non-institutional support.. The text highlights some of the determinants that are characteristic for ageing and old age, such as: successful ageing, graceful ageing and quality of life. Such an approach to the problem helps to reflect more deeply on the issue raised, while helping to exclude metastereotypes and contribute to treating old age as a value. It will also make us reflect on the passage of time and on the last period of life, which does not have to fill us with fear, being scared of the unknown, a sense of helplessness, and for which we should learn and prepare throughout our life. The article also highlights two very important facts that old age cannot be confined, and its limits cannot be defined, as well as the heterogeneity of this social group, which does not allow for the development of a single model of old age, which would become a model used by the sciences dealing with this field of study. Finally, an attempt was made to answer the key question – Can you fall in love with old age?
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Melnyk, S. V., and N. S. Loboda. "Assessment of runoff characteristics changes of the left bank tributaries of the Upper Dniester under warming conditions." Ukrainian hydrometeorological journal, no. 27 (June 30, 2021): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31481/uhmj.27.2021.06.
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The inflow of water from the left-bank tributaries of the Upper Dniester is an important component of the runoff formation for the whole river. The study of changes in their water content in the context of global warming is quite urgent and agrees with the provisions of the strategic programme for the Dniester Basin for 2021-2035 aimed at ‘climate change mitigation’ and ‘promoting the principles of sustainable water management’.
The paper's objective is to carry out a research into the changes in climatic factors and runoff characteristics that occurred on the left bank of the Upper Dniester in the early 21st century.
The research was performed on the basis of hydrometeorological data for the period of 1945-2018. The main research methods include the regression analysis and the method of differential integral curves.
It is found that, within the area under study, there is an increase in average annual air temperatures against the background of constant or insignificantly increasing amounts of annual precipitation, thus creating unsatisfactory conditions for runoff formation. It is established that, during the months of cold period, there is an increase in air temperature and that since 1989 the frequency of cases, when the temperature crosses the range of positive values, keeps increasing. 1989 is a turning point in the chronological course of average annual air temperatures; a positive phase of long-term fluctuations starts since that year. With regard to annual precipitation fluctuations from the mid-60s of the last century up to 2013, a positive phase was also identified; within this phase there was a short period of insufficient moisture (1981-1996). It was found that the response of runoff characteristics to climate change was not the same. Maximum runoff during the spring flood is the most sensitive to global warming, since such warming has worsened the conditions for accumulation of water reserves in the snow cover. The transition of maximum runoff fluctuations to the low-water phase took place in 1981. The average long-term decrease in the maximum water flow rates during the spring flood for the period of 1950-2018 amounts to -16.9%. Unlike maximum runoff, the characteristics of the annual and minimum runoff changed gradually during the winter and summer low-water periods and the final transition to the low-water phase of fluctuations occurred only in 2009-2011. Certain inertia of changes in the water resources of Podillya rivers under the warming conditions is caused by the subsurface component making a high contribution to the annual runoff formation (60%). Significant portion of the groundwater supply ‘mitigated’ the effects of surface runoff loss during spring floods. The research allowed establishing the occurrence of statistically significant negative trends in the annual and minimum runoff fluctuations since 1998. If continue to preserve, the identified climate change trends will decrease the inflow of water from the Podillya rivers to the main Dniester River.
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Fesenko, A. N., and I. N. Fesenko. "Buckwheat breeding and production in Russia during the past 100 years." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 180, no. 1 (June 24, 2019): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2019-1-113-117.
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Average buckwheat yield in Russia has increased from 0.49 to 0.94 t/ha (1.9 times) in the period from the 1960s to 2011-2017, which is comparable to the growth of wheat yields for the same period (2.1 times, from 1.18 to 2.42 t/ha). However, if the growth in wheat yields occurred gradually, the entire growth of buckwheat yield falls on the beginning of the 21st century. Such differences in dynamics indicate that the increase in buckwheat yield is not related to the improvements in agricultural technology or climate changes. Nor it is related to any significant changes in the structure of buckwheat sowing regions, as the average yield in the most important region of buckwheat cultivation, Altai Territory, is only 0.91 t/ha (i. e. less than the country’s average). Chronologically, the period of an abrupt increase in the yield of buckwheat in Russia coincides with widespread introduction of cultivars with determinate growth habit (determinants). Since 1999, the share of determinant varieties in the total area under buckwheat in Russia has increased from 8.2 to 56.7%. Apparently, it was a main cause for the significant growth of buckwheat yield in Russia. Determinant cultivars based on the d (det) mutation are characterized by reduced plant height, reduced number of flowers on shoots, and more intensive and fast blossoming of inflorescences (and, consequently, more intensive and fast maturation). The increased morphological potential of productivity (the number of vegetative nodes on the stem and first – order branches) ensures a higher level of yield for these cultivars. At present, our lab is developing determinant buckwheat cultivars using some additional mutations. A major success in this work has been the world’s first determinant cultivar with green flowers (the gc mutation) named ‘Design’, which develops thicker and stronger fruit stalks with higher resistance to seed shattering.
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Vavulinskaya, Lyudmila. "Contemporary Historical Literature on Family and Motherhood in Postwar Decades (1945–1965)." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 3 (July 2020): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.3.4.
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Introduction. The paper offers an analysis of historical studies on family and motherhood in post-war decades published in the 21st century, gives an account of the achievements of modern historiography on the subject, outlines the tasks for further studies. These topics have become compelling because of the declining value of motherhood and a prolonged demographic crisis in Russia. Methods. The historiographic analysis in this article is based on the thematic-chronological method supplemented with the systemic, typological and comparative-historical techniques permitting the literature available on the subject to be systematized and analyzed. The article primarily focuses on publications by Russian historians. Analysis. The main specific areas of research on family and motherhood are characterized. It is remarked that the pool of sources available has increased, and new research approaches and practices have been introduced. Contemporary authors have focused their attention on the analysis of the ideological background and principles of the Soviet gender policy, on the machinery of constructing the myth about equality of Soviet women. New aspects have been addressed, such as family private life, domestics role in its functioning, family conflict resolution practices, change in womans biological status over time, socio-ethical meaning of government awards for women, womans image reconstruction in post-war Soviet press. Researchers characterized the various stages in the Soviet family policy, marriage and family relationships in urban and rural communities. Studies on the legislative regulation of the family policy, social support to motherhood and childhood in postwar decades continued. The significance of the measures taken in this period to establish a system of medical aid and social guarantees and benefits for mothers was emphasized. The authors, however, remarked the persistent double work load on women, inequalities in payment rates and career. Results. The substantial progress has been achieved in the coverage of the issue of family and motherhood in two post-war decades. The tendency for multidisciplinary research has been growing; new aspects of the problem have been investigated. At the same time, the issue of the organization of the family welfare system, womens value systems, their attitudes towards the social policy and methods of adaptation to the living conditions should be addressed in more detail.
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Mashevskyi, O. "UKRAINE IN EUROPEAN HISTORICAL PROCESSES. REVIEW OF THE MONOGRAPH MANUSCRIPT: Vidnianskyi, S. (Ed.). (2020). Ukraine in the History of Europe of the 19th – Early 21st Century: Historical Essays. A Monograph. Kyiv: Instite of History of Ukraine of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 145 (2020): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2020.145.15.
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The chronological boundaries of the collective monograph cover a long historical period, which extends to the era of European Modernism and continues to the modern (current) history of European Postmodernism. The key thesis of the team of authors of the monograph is the idea of systemic belonging of Ukraine to European civilization as its component, which interacts with other parts of the system. The first chapter of the peer-reviewed collective monograph "European receptions of Ukraine in the XIX century" shows the reflection of the Ukrainian problem in the German-language literature of the first half of the XIX century, taking into account new archival document, the development of Ukraine’s relations with other Slavic peoples is traced, and the peculiarities of Ukrainian-Bulgarian relations are considered as a separate case study. An interesting paragraph of the collective monograph devoted to cultural, educational and scientific cooperation of Dnieper Ukraine with European countries. This information illustrates well how the Industrial Revolution radically changed the face of the planet, brought new scientific experience that gave room for the development of the capitalist system, and with them, the Industrial Revolution brought social problems, environmental disasters that still cannot be solved. Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) formulated the "iron law of wages", according to which workers can receive only a living wage. The second chapter of the collective monograph "The Ukrainian Question and Ukraine in the European History of the Twentieth Century" presents an integrated narrative of Ukrainian national history in the light of the European history of the two world wars and their consequences. The First World War, or the Great War, undoubtedly became a turning point in European history and, accordingly, in the national histories of European countries. The historical experience of the Ukrainian national liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people for the right to European development is covered in the paragraph of the collective monograph "Ukrainian Diplomatic Service 1917-1924". The vicissitudes of Stalin's industrialization and collectivization and their impact on the Ukrainian SSR's relations with European states in the 1920s and 1930s are highlighted in terms of continuity of ties with Europe. A separate regional example of the situation is covered on the example of the history of Transcarpathia on the eve of World War II. The third chapter of the collective monograph "Independent Ukraine in the European integration space" highlights the features of Ukraine's current positioning in Europe. After the collapse of the USSR, ideological obstacles to the development of globalization were overcome. The American political scientist F.Fukuyama in his work "The End of History" concluded the final victory of liberal ideology. This section of the peer-reviewed collective monograph also highlights the position of the international community on the Crimean referendum in 2014, analyzes the policy of Western European countries on the Ukrainian-Russian armed conflict on the example of the policy of Germany, France and Austria. The research result is a separate model of reality, which is reproduced with the help of a certain perception and awareness of the historian. In this sense, the author's team of the monograph has achieved the goal of creating a meaningful narrative that highlights the place of Ukraine at different stages of modern and postmodern European history. From the point of view of the general perception of the narrative offered to the reader, the authors of the collective monograph managed to harmonize individual stylistic features in a conceptually unified text, the meanings of which will be interesting to both professional historians and students and the general readership.
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Parlyk, Vladislav. "The search of ways out of crisis of the Social Democratic Movement of Austria." Науково-теоретичний альманах "Грані" 22, no. 2 (April 22, 2019): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/171924.
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The article is devoted to the crisis of social democratic movements in Western Europe in the XXI century. Emphasis is placed on the evolution of the Social Democratic Party of Austria. Of great importance are the developments of such scientists who dealt with this problem, as K. Kholodkovsky, N. Rabotyazhev, A. Vilkov, G. Nidermyulbihler, G. Sidl, G. Moschonas. The structure of the article is as follows. The first part shows a tendency to reduce electoral support for socialist and social democratic parties in countries such as France, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Germany, Sweden, Austria and Greece. The general causes of the crisis of the Social Democrats are highlighted. Firstly, in the conditions of depopulation of the population and globalization of production, the working class is being eroded, conditions which supported decades social democrats across the whole Europe disappear. Secondly, social democrats, addressing target audience ceased to consider its specifics. Thirdly, owing to the crisis phenomena in the EU, migration crisis, deepening of inequality there is a radicalization as right and left electorate.The analysis of researches of the Austrian Institute of social researches and consulting of SORA indicates that the Social Democratic Party of Austria has ceased to be a «party of workers», its support base is currently voting more for the Austrian Freedom Party. Also the analysis of flows of voters between parliamentary parties (NET) of the last four electoral cycles in Austria states a steady trend of transition of bigger number of votes from social democrats to the right populists.In the second part in a chronological order four stages of modernization of ideology and complex organizational reform of the Social Democratic Party of Austria which captured the period from May, 2014 to November, 2018 are allocated and analysed. The main provisions of the new political program of the party, in which the Social Democratic Party of Austria offers voters their vision of solving the problems of the 21st century, as well as the structure and important points of the new organizational Statute, are considered. The key points of the new program are the digital revolution, the fair distribution of work and working time, resources and opportunities, as well as education, social security, a dignified old age, the expansion of non-commercial housing construction, forced migration, environmental problems, in particular global warming. Important points of the new Statute include the strengthening of the role of ordinary members of the party, the possibility of obtaining guest member status for one year with the right to become a permanent member of the party, the expansion of thematic and project initiatives.In conclusions major factors which acted as the trigger to fundamental updating of the Social Democratic Party of Austria, feature of this process are allocated. Results of a research can have a certain value for the scientists researching the social democratic movement and also subjects of party and political life.
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Stocker, MS, Darren K., and Charles J. Kocher, MS, EdD. "Biological incidents: Revisiting past perspectives toward a 21st century problem." Journal of Emergency Management 7, no. 3 (May 1, 2009): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2009.0014.
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Beginning in the 14th century, the use of biological agents as weapons created an effective methodology of killing enemy combatants and instilling fear in the populace of a community and nation. Although the deployment of these agents in various forms is in opposition to the agreements set within the rules of several weapons treaties, the use and threat of their development as a terrorist instrument has impacted societies in post-September 11th documented accounts. This article provides a chronological indication of the use of natural and synthetic biological agents as an intimidation factor and demonstrates the extent of how they have been consciously used in contemporary confrontations and how law enforcement, healthcare providers, and health organizations are engaged in the response of these biological weapons.
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McDonald, Dwayne. "Policing in the 21st Century." Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare 3, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/jicw.v3i3.2769.
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On November 26, 2020, Dwayne McDonald, Assistant Commissioner for the RCMP, presented Policing in the 21st Century at the 2020 CASIS Vancouver West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a group panel for a question and answer period. Main discussion topics included technology and policing, big data, and the challenges that social media poses for law enforcement.
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Hechenblaikner, Verena. "Die Veränderung des alpinen Schutzhüttenbaus vom 19. bis zum 21. Jahrhundert." historia.scribere, no. 12 (June 15, 2020): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.15203/historia.scribere.12.610.
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Changes in Alpine shelter construction from the 19th to the 21st century. A contribution to the environmental history of Western AustriaThe following paper provides a chronological overview of Alpine shelter construction in Western Austria from the 19th to the 21st century. It examines the ambivalent role the “Alpenverein” has played in this Alpine development and scrutinizes its changing attitude to nature conservation. In doing so, the paper argues that different shelter constructions and the discussions surrounding them might be regarded as indicators of a general change in environmental awareness.
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Badiei, A., Y. Golizadeh Akhlaghi, X. Zhao, S. Shittu, X. Xiao, J. Li, Y. Fan, and G. Li. "A chronological review of advances in solar assisted heat pump technology in 21st century." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 132 (October 2020): 110132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110132.
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Joselyn, Jo Ann, Alik Ismail-Zadeh, Tom Beer, Harsh Gupta, Masaru Kono, Uri Shamir, Michael Sideris, and Kathryn Whaler. "IUGG in the 21st century." History of Geo- and Space Sciences 10, no. 1 (April 16, 2019): 73–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-10-73-2019.
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Abstract. The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) has vigorously responded to a number of the natural, scientific, and technological challenges and driving forces that have marked the 21st century thus far. This paper reviews the actions of the Union that were precipitated by disasters caused by natural hazard events, climatic and environmental changes, and important scientific advances, as well as the opportunities to support International Years and other cooperative programs. This period has also given rise to a number of structural changes within the Union. IUGG added an eighth association, the International Association of Cryospheric Sciences, and inaugurated the new categories of affiliate and honorary memberships, introduced new grants, science education, and recognition programs, and formed new Union commissions on climatic and environmental change, data and information, planetary sciences, and a working group on history. Electronic communication was welcomed as a cultural norm. Overall, the development of the scientific landscape in the 21st century and a healthy future for the Union requires emphasis on fundamental Earth and space sciences as well as on transdisciplinary science to resolve urgent problems of society. IUGG will continue to evolve throughout the coming decades in step with the changing world of science and its international organizations, by responding to challenging problems as they arise.
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Tan, Debbita Ai Lin, Bee Choo Lee, Malini Ganapathy, and Shaidatul Akma Adi Kasuma. "Language Learning in the 21st Century." International Journal of Virtual and Personal Learning Environments 9, no. 2 (July 2019): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijvple.2019070104.
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Kahoot! is a gaming system designed for interactive learning and can be utilised for students of all ages. The present study involved two groups of Malaysian ESL students (n = 57) enrolled in a remedial English proficiency course in a public university. All 57 participants were exposed to weekly Kahoot! sessions over a period of one semester; the sessions covered various English language learning components including vocabulary and reading comprehension, but focused largely on grammar. At the end of the semester, the participants completed a 34-item questionnaire comprising closed- and open-ended items. The questionnaire was tested for reliability with returned values indicating high internal consistency, thus making the instrument a reliable option for use in future studies. The study's findings indicate that the students found Kahoot! to be beneficial in terms of: 1) inducing motivation, and 2) fostering and reinforcing learning. The students were also of the opinion that Kahoot! would be useful for foreign language learning (for instance, Spanish and French).
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Alexandrova, Petia. "21st Century Russian Cinema According to kinopoisk.ru." Yearbook of Department Mass Communications 1 (October 23, 2020): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/ydmc.19.1.4.
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What has been achieved in the first two decades of 21st century in Russian cinema? How many films have been produced, what are the profits from them, how are they distributed? Who are the new stars? Which films are becoming the favorites of the audience and which are receiving worldwide recognition at festivals? We can develop some conclusions thanks to the research and statistics of Kinopoisk.ru (Russia's largest cinema database) and Yandex.ru. at the 2001-2016 period.
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Caldeano, A. R., J. Nunes, and P. da Costa. "Paraphilic disorder in the 21st century." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2203.
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The term paraphilia refers to the sexual preferences and conducts that divert from what is generally accepted for a certain society in a given historic and cultural period. It demonstrates the practices that involve the use of non-human objects, mandatory humiliation and sexual suffering or non-consensual involvement of sexual partners.A paraphilic disorder is a paraphilia, which, presently, causes uneasiness and damages not only the patient but also others, as these behaviours exclude or damage the other affecting the patient's social relationships.Paraphilias are only practiced by a small percentage of the world's population. However, the causes are only reported if there is a search for treatment or if there are any legal complications. By which is believed that the prevalence is higher than the number of diagnosed cases.Although there are already a few paraphilia types registered, new forms of practice of this disturbance are emerging, mainly associated to the use of new technologies, as the Internet.The authors propose to produce a bibliographic review concerning the concept of paraphilic disorders and its exhibition forms; identify therapeutic strategies; perform a time frame regarding paraphilias and analyze the influence that the new technologies have in paraphilic disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Yakovleva, Ekaterina Sergeevna. "«Back to the Future»: the main historiographical themes and topical problems of the Neolithic of the Urals." Samara Journal of Science 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201763220.
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The following paper deals with some problems of Trans-Urals Neolithic which are associated with the formation and development of basic cultural and chronological concepts. Three stages in conceptual historiography are identified. The first one refers to the mid-second half of the 20th century and is associated with the formation of the first cultogenesis schemes of the late Trans-Urals Stone Age by V.N. Chernetsov, O.N. Bader and L.Ya. Krizhevskaya. At the second stage at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 21st century their ideas were revised by V.T. Kovaleva in the framework of a two-stage and two-line concept. At the same time the hypothesis of V.A. Zakh was developed. Later V.S. Mosin proposed a socio-cultural scheme for the formation of an integrated society in the Neolithic Trans-Urals. The third - the modern stage - began approximately in the second decade of the 21st century when natural scientific data growth forced to reconsider a number of established ideas about the chronology and typology of Neolithic ceramics and ornamental traditions. At the regional level there was a return to the classical three-term periodization; there was a trend towards regionalization of research to clarify the notions of local variants and the chronological position of material complexes, specifics of historical and cultural processes. It is concluded that it is necessary to form a new research paradigm by synthesizing middle-level theories with empirical generalizations.
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Pokrovskaya, Liubov. "Lunate pendants from the Troitsky Excavation (chronology)." Archaeological news 28 (2020): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/1817-6976-2020-28-152-159.
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In the chronological distribution of the lunate objects found at the Troitsky (32). Excavation, the first period of their use (10th — first half of the 11th century) is well traceable and substantiated through Nerevsky finds. The chronological lacuna of the second half of the 11th century suggests, firstly, the sacral significance of lunate pendants as heathen amulets in the earliest period and, secondly, the possible loss of their sacral meaning by the early 12th century. Perhaps, since the 12th century, lunate pendants became ordinary female ornaments having lost their sacral function. As it seems, already as early as in the late 12th — beginning of the 13th century, they were possibly considered by the urban residents as Christian amulets and were connected with the cult of the Mother of God.
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Awan, Abdul Ghafoor. "China’s Economic Growth - 21st Century Puzzle." Global Disclosure of Economics and Business 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 76–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/gdeb.v2i2.177.
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China’s fast economic growth since 1960s was the result of gradual shift in its economic system, open door policy and its accession to the world trade organization. The institutional reforms and access to foreign markets has been followed by investment strategies expanded 45% of Chinese GDP during last 40 years. The consistent vertical economic growth has no precedent in the economic history of the world. China has increased its share in world trade from 0.5% in 1960 to 10% in 2010 and accumulated foreign exchange reserves of US$3.19 trillion by March 2013. It is not less than a miracle.
The objective of this study is to investigate into the Chinese labour productivity and output in the short and long-run perspective to detect the real source of Chinese economic growth.
Our study is spread over a period starting from 1962 to 2010 because of political and economic stability with minor crisis. The data was taken from China Bureau of National Statistics, IMF, World Bank and relevant research Journals and books. The variables included in this study are: labour productivity, investment, exports, R&D expenses, capital stock, open door policy, real exchange rate and US GDP. The VAR model proposed by Johansen (1988), Johansen and Juselius (1990,1994) and Hendry and Mizon (1993) was used to measure the nature of relations among the above variables. Different tests including unit root test were applied to test the stability of the model.
The Econometric results show that international trade and investment in capital stock and R&D expenses by Chinese Government are the major determinants, which are responsible for enhancing labour productivity and output in the long-run, Similarly, real exchange rate appears as an important determinant to explain change in output in the long-run. US GDP has played no role in explaining Chinese output growth.
JEL Classification Code: F43; O47
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D. G, Sri Hanumanthappa. "INDO-RUSSIAN RELATION IN 21st CENTURY." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 1, no. 5 (February 28, 2014): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v1i5.3052.
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This Paper Focuses on a major problem likely to occur in Indo-Russian foreign policy leveraged by internal policy contradictions the Russia is facted with the foreign policy experts are facing baffling situation as to share what shape the indo-Russian foreign policy would take in view of festimently changing international political enlivenment with regard to co-operation and co-ordination in the arena of myriad strategic developments and on the other hand the native factors in case of Russia like concentration of power in the president himself in the presidential form government in the newly adorned democratic system and the self-development concerns are some of the political Issues sattering Russian foreign policy establishment. It is against this background, it appears to be a frabbing situations for Indian policy makers and therefore are being challenged by the prevailing Constrictive Factors both India and Russia and it is in this juncture it is to be seen where Indo-Russian policy stands and what would be its nature in the perspective time and equally seriously worry some is the case if pondered over in the retrospective mode. Indo-Russia have been traditional friends and India looking for world for reveal and rejoinders and also maintaing those stable traditional relations but the corporative tendencies and power-centric polity would allow them to be up to Indian’s expectation is still something to be deciphered what appens to be fetid it is that the age-old relation’s based on mutuality and personal initivies would be drawing factors into discussion as to whether those pristine indomitable value added foreign policy existed over a long period of time would sustion itself or not will be given prime importance in the discussion and also in an endeavor it could be seen whether rapidly changing Russian political miliev would consider those values and allow to grow indo-Russian relations in the traditional mood.
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Dolynska, Maryana. "THE MIDDLE 19TH CENTURY – EARLY 21ST CENTURY FUNCTIONING OF LVIV’S HORONYMS." City History, Culture, Society, no. 1 (October 12, 2017): 191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mics2016.01.191.
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There are official and traditional names of places upon the territory of the town or the city. They have existed from the ancient times till contemporary days. The official ones have been given by the executive body, and the traditional names are describing the place by nearby locations, buildings or natural objects. Toponyms are divided into different classes and subclasses.
Horonyms describe nonlinear structures (territories) and were used to call any places on the town’s area, except for streets or squares. Horonyms do not provide the information about the official administrative division of the contemporary time but were putting traditional names in use.In order to answer the question - how long this class of the city’s names lasted, one has to base on retrospective comparison of the pre-statistical source. The contemporary vocabulary of Lviv’s dialect (“Leksykon lvivskyy povazhno i na zhart”) have fixed 65 horonyms of Lviv’s area, which currentlyare being used by city dwellers. That was the basement of analysis by the retrospective method. This data was compared with such sources: late 19 c.-early 20 c. guidebooks and middle 19 c. maps with their accompaniment notes.The administrative units’ division of Lviv’s territory was applied in this article because during the long 19 century Lviv was a part of Austro-Hungary Empire. That’s why 4 groups of horonyms were excluded: 1. the names of the former city’s villages that are currently preserved as the city’s horonyms because those villages were absorbed into the city only during 20th century. (Today names of those former villages do not reflect the administrative units’ division); 2. village Sygnivka, which was founded only in the 20th years of 19thcentury on the area of the former suburb Halytskie of Lviv’s early modern period; 3. the names of villages, which surrounded town’s area, but were not under the rule of the town hall; 4. all names of objects, which were upon the area of these villages.So after the exclusion, we have 48 names (horonyms). The analysis showed that one name came into being in the late 20th century and eight other ones during its first half. Fifteen horonyms, as well, as their names were founded during the 19th century. So, that leaves us with twenty-four names, which were established during the earlier period and are being used now in the city. We need to continue research on a retrospective comparison of the named recorded in the early modern serial sources.
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Aubert, Annette G. "Henry Boynton Smith and Church History in Nineteenth-Century America." Church History 85, no. 2 (May 27, 2016): 302–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640716000019.
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Henry Boynton Smith (1815–1877) was one of the few nineteenth-century American scholars committed to disseminating German methods of ecclesiastical historiography to a country known for its anti-historical tendencies. However, modern scholars have generally overlooked his significant contributions in this area. Hence exploring his scholarly reception and specifically his History of the Church of Christ, in Chronological Tables will fill a niche in the historiography of church history.Philip Schaff (1819–1893), the renowned church historian and founder of the American Society of Church History, was one of the few contemporaries of Smith who understood that Smith's scholarship was on a par with that being produced in Germany. Schaff specifically praised Smith's chronological tables—evidence of Smith's German education among some of the best German historians of the period, including Leopold von Ranke and August Neander. This essay reviews Smith's History of the Church of Christ, in Chronological Tables in the context of the newly emerging scientific history and describes his contribution to nineteenth-century American scholarship. Smith is worthy of attention for establishing a central position for the history of doctrine and for promoting the field of church history and the use of chronological tables in nineteenth-century America.
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Antsaklis, Aris. "Maternal and Perinatal Mortality in the 21st Century." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 2 (2016): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1457.
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ABSTRACT The maternal mortality ratio measures how safe it is to become pregnant and give birth in a geographic area or a population. The total number of maternal deaths observed annually fell from 526,000 in 1980 to 358,000 in 2008, a 34% decline over this period. Similarly, the global MMR declined from 422 in 1980 to 320 in 1990 and was 250 per 100,000 live births in 2008, a decline of 34% over the entire period and an average annual decline of 2.3%. More specifically, in 1990 around 58% of maternal deaths worldwide occurred in Asia and 36% in sub-Saharan Africa. In contrast, in 2008, 57% of global maternal deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa and 39% in Asia. In Europe, the main causes of death from any known direct obstetric complication remains bleeding (13%), thromboembolic events (10.1%), complicationassociated birth, hypertensive disease of pregnancy (9.2%), and amniotic fluid embolism (10.6%). Preterm birth is the most common cause of perinatal mortality (PNM) causing almost 30% of neonatal deaths, while birth defects cause about 21% of neonatal deaths. The PNM rate refers to the number of perinatal deaths per 1,000 total births. Perinatal mortality rate may be below 10 for certain developed countries and more than 10 times higher in developing countries. Perinatal health in Europe has improved dramatically in recent decades. In 1975, neonatal mortality ranged from 7 to 27 per 1,000 live births in the countries that now make up the EU. By 2005, it had declined to 8 per 1,000 live births. We need to bring together data from civil registration, medical birth registers, hospital discharge systems in order to have European Surveys which present exciting research possibilities. How to cite this article Antsaklis A. Maternal and Perinatal Mortality in the 21st Century. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(2):143-146.
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Yang, X. L., L. L. Ren, R. Tong, Y. Liu, X. R. Cheng, S. H. Jiang, and F. Yuan. "Drought assessment and trends analysis from 20th century to 21st century over China." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 371 (June 12, 2015): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-371-89-2015.
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Abstract. Droughts are becoming the most expensive natural disasters in China and have exerted serious impacts on local economic development and ecological environment. The fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) provides a unique opportunity to assess scientific understanding of climate variability and change over a range of historical and future period. In this study, fine-resolution multimodel climate projections over China are developed based on 7 CMIP5 climate models under RCP8.5 emissions scenarios by means of Bilinear Interpolation and Bias Correction. The results of downscaled CMIP5 models are evaluated over China by comparing the model outputs with the England Reanalysis CRU3.1 from 1951 to 2000. Accordingly, the results from the output of downscaled models are used to calculate the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Time series of SPI has been used to identify drought from 20th century to 21st century over China. The results show that, most areas of China are projected to become wetter as a consequence of increasing precipitation under RCP8.5 scenarios. Detailed examination shows that the SPI show a slightly increasing trend in the future period for the most parts of China, but drought in Southwest region of China will become the norm in the future RCP8.5 scenarios.
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Ausich, William I., and Thomas W. Kammer. "The study of crinoids during the 20th century and the challenges of the 21st century." Journal of Paleontology 75, no. 6 (November 2001): 1161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000017212.
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Development of a phylogenetic classification has been a primary pursuit of crinoid paleontologists during the 20th century. Wachsmuth and Springer and Bather vigorously debated crinoid classification during the waning years of the 19th century, and although tremendous progress has been made a comprehensive phylogenetic classification is still the primary objective for crinoid research during the early 21st century. Twentieth century crinoid studies are divisible into four periods. The direct influence of Frank Springer and Francis Bather continued until approximately 1925. Descriptive studies dominated the period of 1926–1943 and culminated in a comprehensive classification of Paleozoic crinoids that was a combination of the ideas of Wachsmuth and Springer and Bather. The end of the third period, 1944–1978, was marked by publication of theTreatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. TheTreatisecompilation brought together classification ideas for the entire class into a truly comprehensive classification, although problems remained with the phylogenetic underpinnings of theTreatiseclassification. During the third period, pioneering work on crinoid paleobiology laid the foundation for significant paleobiology advances for the fourth, 1979–1999, period. This last period also witnessed significant advances in the taxonomy of crinoid faunas at critical intervals, the taxonomy of crinoids from new geographic areas, and working toward the solution to the origin and early evolution of the Crinoidea.Continued work on crinoids in the 21st century promises to provide significant advances both for understanding the evolutionary history of crinoids and for understanding the history of epifaunal benthic communities through time. Immediate challenges include completion of a comprehensive phylogenetic classification, which will open the door for evolutionary paleoecologic and paleobiology studies; utilization of computerized morphometric techniques in the analysis of functional morphology; systematic studies of new faunas in critical intervals; discovery of faunas in new geographic areas to better constrain knowledge of crinoid biogeography; and modern systematic revision of classic North American and European faunas.
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Antoine, Jean-Christophe. "The Lists of Necropolis Workmen in Theban Graffiti and Ostraca of the 21st Dynasty." Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 146, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 103–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaes-2019-0011.
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Summary Lists of workmen of the 21st dynasty mentioned on ostraca of the Valley of the Kings and graffiti of the Theban Necropolis have not been fully studied. We analyzed 113 workmen, scribes and foremen of the Tomb named in these documents. A comparison of the composition of the crew between lists of the 21st dynasty and lists of the reign of Ramesses XI allowed their chronological ordering. A model of the progressive renewal of individuals with time in securely dated lists of the Ramesside Period was built to date the 21st dynasty lists. Results suggest that Renaissance lasted about 12 years, was followed by a period of about 11 years and then by another one associated with Pinedjem I. These results support the chronology and dating system proposed by K. Jansen-Winkeln with dates referring to the pontificate/reign of Herihor, Pinedjem I and Menkheperre. Consequences on the composition of the gang of workmen, their activity and individual chronology and prosopography are analyzed.
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Callahan, Ann, Chris Dardick, Roberta Tosetti, Donna Lalli, and Ralph Scorza. "21st Century Approach to Improving Burbank’s ‘Stoneless’ Plum." HortScience 50, no. 2 (February 2015): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.2.195.
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The theme running through many of Luther Burbank’s breeding programs was to make plants more tailored to human uses. Mr. Burbank thought that the stone in plum fruits was unessential to a tree that was propagated vegetatively, so he chose stoneless plums as a breeding goal. He made two releases, ‘Miracle’ in 1903 and his final and almost perfect ‘Conquest’ in 1916, which he considered one of his best accomplishments in plum breeding. ‘Conquest’ had only a grain of stone and flavor and size comparable to the best French types of the time but was not commercially successful. In view of the current desire for convenience food such as seedless fruit (citrus, grapes, watermelon) and advanced knowledge of genetics and breeding technologies, we have taken up where Mr. Burbank left off in the production of a better than “almost perfect” stoneless plum. We began by locating what were most likely remnants from Mr. Burbank’s breeding program and we are now using 21st century technology to achieve a completely stoneless, high-quality plum fruit. These technologies include molecular markers, genetic engineering, and accelerated breeding cycles (FasTrack). Initial experiments had characterized the stoneless trait as a decrease in the number of endocarp cells that form the stone. We defined the time critical to the formation of endocarp by analyzing gene expression of a number of transcription factors involved with determining endocarp cells. We identified genes that were expressed differently during this period between normal stone cultivars and one of the stoneless cultivars. In addition, we targeted genes for genetic engineering to reduce the lignification in endocarp and to reduce or convert endocarp cells to non-lignifying cells. A system, FasTrack, using a flowering gene from poplar, has been incorporated to reduce the juvenility period and eliminate the seasonal aspect of fruiting to see the results of the breeding as well as the genetic engineering approach much faster. The combination of these approaches is now in place to attempt to improve on Mr. Burbank’s stoneless plum.
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Rott, Dariusz. "Oswajanie przestrzeni Islandii w piśmiennictwie polskim. Rekonesans." Przegląd Humanistyczny 62, no. 2 (461) (October 4, 2018): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.5774.
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The author of the article discusses in a chronological order the literature on Iceland written in Polish starting from the seventeenth-century account of the journey to the island by Daniel Vetter. Most attention is devoted to the accounts created in the second half of the twentieth (reports by Lucjan Wolanowski and Polish sailors) and at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Recent publications are largely based on blog experiences. In quantitative as well as qualitative terms, we observe the perspective of changing the geographical and cultural imagination of Polish literature at the beginning of the 21st century: within the North-South axis one can notice the recently emerging diagonal axis linking Poland with Iceland. It is worth examining this issue in more detail in a while.
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Sharapova, Svetlana. "Upper Chronological Boundary of Sargatha Culture." Nizhnevolzhskiy Arheologicheskiy Vestnik, no. 2 (December 2020): 218–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2020.2.12.
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The article deals with the antiquity of Sargat culture of forest-steppe in the Trans-Urals and Western Siberia. The established concepts of chronological framework cover the interval from the 5th century BC to 4th-5th centuries AD. Recent studies, both in the main territory and outside the Sargat area, provide evidences for clarifying the upper chronological boundary of the culture. The bright Late Sarmatian appearance of some Sargat burial complexes allows to consider Late Sarmatian finds of the Southern Urals as a reference; rich material has been accumulated on them, as well as detailed chronology.Late Sargathian monuments are found only in two regions - Tobol and Ishim rivers basins. The proposed correction is based on archaeological material which is external data (relative chronology) towards radiocarbon analysis (absolute chronology). In the archaeological collections of Sargat burials there are no any artifacts, the beginning of the period of existence of which falls on the 3rd century AD. There is no such evidence in the settlements either. Furthermore, judging by the available materials, the number of such complexes is small and the inventory is quite poor. The article gives a detailed analysis of burials from seven kurgan cemeteries located in Tobol and Ishim rivers basins, which might be attributed to the latest group marking the upper chronological boundary. In the second half of the 3rd century AD, the main features of the Sargat culture are fading and blurred, besides, it is absent in most of the forest-steppe territory to the east of the Urals. In conclusion the author suggests that if the assumptions are correct, the disappearance of the bright expressive complexes that defined the image of the Sargat social and cultural system, looks quite sharp. The Sargat monuments of the 4th century AD and later are not found across vast forest-steppe territory.
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Link, Stefan. "How Might 21st-Century De-Globalization Unfold? Some Historical Reflections." New Global Studies 12, no. 3 (November 27, 2018): 343–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ngs-2018-0024.
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Abstract Is the world headed for a repeat of the de-globalization of the interwar period? Stefan Link challenges some widespread assumptions about the history of globalization and suggests that this time really is different.
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Kane, Kevin, John R. Hipp, and Jae Hong Kim. "Los Angeles employment concentration in the 21st century." Urban Studies 55, no. 4 (December 6, 2016): 844–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016678341.
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This paper is an empirical analysis of employment centres in the Los Angeles region from 1997 to 2014. Most extant work on employment centres focuses on identification methodology or their dynamics during a period of industrial restructuring from 1980 to 2000. We analyse employment centres using point-based, rather than census tract-based employment data and a non-parametric identification method with a single concept of proximity. We focus on changes across five key industries: knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS), retail, creative, industrial and high-tech, emphasising changes in centre composition as well as their boundaries. Results show far greater change across centres than previous longitudinal studies. Only 43% of the land area that is in an employment centre is part of one in both 1997 and 2014. Using a persistence score, centres range from stable to highly fluctuating, but emerging, persisting and dying centres are found in core and fringe areas alike. KIBS are most associated with stable centres, while high tech employment is attracted toward emerging areas and retail exists throughout. Emerging centres are more likely to have greater accessibility, while industrial employment becomes far more concentrated in centres by 2014.
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Bala, Mohamed Osman, Mohamad Abdel Halim Chehab, and Nagah Abdel Aziz Selim. "MERS: an emerging disease of the 21st century." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 7 (June 23, 2017): 2202. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20172806.
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Between September 2012 and March 2017, the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), caused by an infection with the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV), has been responsible for 1,931 laboratory-confirmed cases and at least 741 related-deaths. Despite the paucity of knowledge on the source and route of transmission, the evidence currently points to dromedary camels. Moreover, the incubation period for this disease ranges from two to sixteen days. The symptomatology of MERS-CoV is non-specific and cases are easily misdiagnosed. As most respiratory illnesses, no specific anti-viral therapies have been effective to date for the treatment of MERS. Currently, the WHO does not advise any travel or trade restrictions regarding MERS-CoV. However, the poor practice of infection control has reflected the association between the healthcare setting and the spike of disease occurrence, especially among patients. Interestingly, the adoption of the “one health” approach is critical to establish a more holistic understanding of this epidemic. Additionally, implementing strategies aimed at risk reduction of animal-to-human transmission, rapid case finding, adequate infection control, and contact tracing are key in the control and prevention of MERS-CoV.
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Ilieva, Margarita, and Iliya Iliev. "Bulgarian Urban Settlements in the Early 21st Century." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 13, no. 13 (January 1, 2010): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10089-010-0009-y.
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Bulgarian Urban Settlements in the Early 21st Century The article presents the main changes in Bulgarian urban settlements during the last two decades and the present-day situation and processes of their development. A pronounced tendency towards a decrease in the urban population in Bulgaria can be observed in this period, which is closely related to the continuing drop in the total number of the country's population. A comparison with earlier periods shows that there is a greater concentration of population in the cities and middle-sized towns. The processes of transformation in Bulgarian urban settlements are similar to those in the other Central and East-European countries in transition. The economic transformations and the changes in the urban economy affected the urban territorial structure. The last two decades have witnessed considerable changes in the spatial pattern of the complex systems links established between the settlements as well as between the settlements, gravitating to the cities or agglomerations. The regional policy, which has been implemented for the past two decades, aims to consolidate the importance of Bulgarian urban settlements (over 20 thousand inhabitants) and agglomerations in regional development.
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Trang, Tran Thi Thuy. "Japanese Philosophy of Education in the 21st Century." Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities 4, no. 2 (May 27, 2020): First. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v4i2.547.
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Since the Second World War (1945), stepping into the modern period, Japan has many times carried out innovation in the education system from education content to methods, infrastructure, organization, and educational policy. However, through the enactment and rectification of the basic education law, the Japanese government only proceeded to revise the national educational mission twice. The first time was in 1947, aiming to eliminate all educational remnants of modern combative militarism, to educate individuals to be independent and creative, to exert self-control in the spirit of American-style democratic philosophy of education; and the second time was in 2006, aiming to bring the country through dramatic changes of the society due to the wave of modernization and globalization, to welcome “the 100-year life” and develop “super-smart society” as reported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan in 2016. The paper uses data collection and analyzing methods specifically for legal documents on Japanese education so as to point out two new elements in Japanese educational philosophy at the threshold of the 21st century, activities to realize the new educational philosophy, as well as making general observations about the main cause leading to the formation of these two new elements in Japanese educational philosophy in the 21st century.
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Fendeková, Miriam, Tobias Gauster, Lívia Labudová, Dana Vrablíková, Zuzana Danáčová, Marián Fendek, and Pavla Pekárová. "Analysing 21st century meteorological and hydrological drought events in Slovakia." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 66, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johh-2018-0026.
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Abstract Several quite severe droughts occurred in Europe in the 21st century; three of them (2003, 2012 and 2015) hit also Slovakia. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) were used for assessment of meteorological drought occurrence. The research was established on discharge time series representing twelve river basins in Slovakia within the period 1981–2015. Sequent Peak Algorithm method based on fixed threshold, three parametric Weibull and generalized extreme values distribution GEV, factor and multiple regression analyses were employed to evaluate occurrence and parameters of hydrological drought in 2003, 2011–2012 and 2015, and the relationship among the water balance components. Results showed that drought parameters in evaluated river basins of Slovakia differed in respective years, most of the basins suffered more by 2003 and 2012 drought than by the 2015 one. Water balance components analysis for the entire period 1931–2016 showed that because of continuously increasing air temperature and balance evapotranspiration there is a decrease of runoff in the Slovak territory.
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Schwartz, Judith. "Visual literacy: academic libraries address 21st century challenges." Reference Services Review 46, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 479–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rsr-04-2018-0048.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore a study that examines the role of academic librarians who teach visual literacy within their information literacy curricula. Design/methodology/approach The author developed a survey that was distributed to five listservs during a three-week period, generating 118 responses from academic libraries. The author subsequently interviewed 16 participants. Findings The findings reveal that visual literacy is important across all disciplines. However, a majority of academic librarians who replied to the survey stated that they do not teach visual literacy. Only 37.3 per cent of the respondents indicated that they or their institutions include a visual literacy component in their sessions. Practical implications The paper identifies the most relevant visual literacy trends, and it includes examples of visual literacy skills and concepts being taught in academic libraries. It provides ideas to develop marketing strategies to increase student enrollment in library workshops. Originality/value This study has expanded librarians’ awareness of the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) Visual Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education. In addition, it explores the teaching of multiliteracies such as visual literacy within the information literacy framework in the academic library. The survey data demonstrate that academic librarians are slowly embracing visual literacy and including it in their information literacy instruction across all disciplines. The study recommends that librarians work on their professional development to become multiliterate to remain relevant within their academic communities.
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Meucci, Alberto, Ian R. Young, Mark Hemer, Ebru Kirezci, and Roshanka Ranasinghe. "Projected 21st century changes in extreme wind-wave events." Science Advances 6, no. 24 (June 2020): eaaz7295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz7295.
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We describe an innovative approach to estimate global changes in extreme wave conditions by 2100, as a result of projected climate change. We generate a synthetic dataset from an ensemble of wave models forced by independent climate simulation winds, enhancing statistical confidence associated with projected changes in extreme wave conditions. Under two IPCC representative greenhouse gas emission scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), we find that the magnitude of a 1 in 100-year significant wave height (Hs) event increases by 5 to 15% over the Southern Ocean by the end of the 21st century, compared to the 1979–2005 period. The North Atlantic shows a decrease at low to mid latitudes (≈5 to 15%) and an increase at high latitudes (≈10%). The extreme significant wave height in the North Pacific increases at high latitudes by 5 to 10%. The ensemble approach used here allows statistical confidence in projected changes of extremes.
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Woo, Seoghun. "Approaching the 21st Century: Perspectives on Korean Industrial Relations." Economic and Labour Relations Review 8, no. 1 (June 1997): 22–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530469700800103.
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This paper argues that the future direction for the development of Korean industrial relations will evolve through direct interaction between employers and trade unions (either conflictual or cooperative). The government is likely to play a less interventionist role in industrial relations, compared with the past, and to adopt the role of mediator between unions and employers. Characteristics of Korean industrial relations during the pre- 1987 period is firstly examined; four major factors are used to explain the industrial relations practice during this time. Changes after 1987 are also considered. Special consideration is given to interaction between the environment and the three major industrial relations participants, and the interactions between them. Both macro and micro aspects of industrial relations are examined. The special Presidential Address (26/04/1996), known as New Conception of Industrial Relations, is also analysed in terms of its implications for future industrial relations issues in Korea.