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Kłoskowicz, Małgorzata. "Autonomia i autodeterminacja : chronotop poezji konkretnej Stanisława Dróżdża." Doctoral thesis, Katowice : Uniwersytet Śląski, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12128/5454.
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W temacie rozprawy niemalże każde słowo domaga się szczególnej uwagi, odrębnego rozdziału (okazuje się, że nawet ‘i’ usytuowane między autonomią i autodeterminacją nie jest przezroczyste). Jakakolwiek analiza musi być
poprzedzona wprowadzeniem, w którym zarysowana zostaje pojęciowa architektura rozprawy, wyłaniająca się z próby zetknięcia myśli rosyjskiego filozofa Michaiła Bachtina oraz francuskiego filozofa Michela Serresa ze światem poezji konkretnej Stanisława Dróżdża. Poniższa analiza jest więc miejscem spotkania, spektaklem.
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Gloor, Gisela [Verfasser], and Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Grübel. "Chronotop und Körperzeit in Tolstojs Roman Anna Karenina / Gisela Gloor. Betreuer: Rainer Grübel." Oldenburg : IBIT - Universitätsbibliothek, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1023081849/34.
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Gloor, Gisela [Verfasser], and Rainer Georg [Akademischer Betreuer] Grübel. "Chronotop und Körperzeit in Tolstojs Roman Anna Karenina / Gisela Gloor. Betreuer: Rainer Grübel." Oldenburg : IBIT - Universitätsbibliothek, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:715-oops-14221.
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Cwiek, Bellomo Ewa. "La dynamique des contrastes dans la construction romanesque chez Fred Vargas." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3074.
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Construit sur un réseau de contrastes, le monde romanesque de Fred Vargas arbore le masque de la fiction policière. Les meurtres au présent cachent les meurtrissures de l’amour au passé. Médiateur entre ces pôles diégétiques, la passion du personnage vargassien fait faillir les règles du jeu que lui impose le monde. Car derrière les apparences civilisées perdure l’ordre originel de Nature : la prédation. Face à son échec, le personnage doit relever un défi qui transforme son enquête sur le crime en une quête identitaire. Choisir la transgression ou le sacrifice de soi décide de sa chute ou du resurgissement de sa dignité. Superposant l’intrigue et l’Histoire, le hic et nunc diégétique confère au personnage le rôle de trait d’union entre les Ici et les Ailleurs identitaires adverses. L’enquête approche la psyché du meurtrier et de l’enquêteur, reconstituant l’interaction de l’individu et du monde précisé en tant que son chronotope synchronique et diachronique. La relation entre l’homme et ses Autres révèle la personne derrière le personnage. La confrontation de l’animal humain aux animaux réels et mythifiés, remet en question les frontières entre l’identité et l’altérité. Le réel meurtrier s’avère incarner un des masques de l’imaginaire, tandis que l’imaginaire, érigé en idéal de l’humanité, devient une réalité à conquérir au prix du sacrifice de soi, et dévoile la polyvalence des réalités de l’échec et l’accomplissement. L’analyse du jeu de miroirs entre l’opposition et la complémentarité conclut à l’union des contraires qui fait coexister l’horreur et le sublime, l’amour et la mort dans le couple d’opposés que forment l’homme et le mondeBuilt on a network of contrasts, the romantic world of Fred Vargas bears the mask of detective fiction.The murders of the present hide the bruises of love in the past.Mediator between these diegetic poles,the passion of Vargas’s character breaches the rules of the game that is imposed on him by the world.For behind these civilized appearances ,the original order continues:predation. Confronted by his failure,the character must take up a challenge that will transform his investigation in a quest for identity. Selecting either transgression or self-sacrifice will determine whether he collapses or reappears with his dignity.Converging the plot and the Story, the diegetic here and now bestows upon the character the role of linking the Here and Elsewhere, and adverse identities. The enquiry approaches, the psyche of the murderer and the investigator, reconstituting the interaction between the individual and the world, defined as its synchronic and diachronic chronotope. The relationship between humans and their Others reveals the person behind the character.The confrontation between the human animal and real and mythologized animals challenges the borders between identity and otherness.The real murderer turns out to embody one of the masks of the imagination, while the imagination, established as an ideal of humanity, becomes a reality to conquer at the price of self-sacrifice, and reveals how flexible the realities of failure and fulfillment can be. Analysing the mirror effect between opposition and complementarity accentuates the union of opposites that create the coexistence of horror and the sublime, and love and death in the dichotomy that make up mankind and the world
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Kohlhoff, Enno Ole. "Circadiane Variationen von Aufmerksamkeitsfunktionen bei extremen Chronotypen." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-154780.
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Die Leistungsfähigkeit vieler kognitiver Funktionen zeigt tageszeitliche Schwankungen, welche auf dem Zusammenspiel der im 2-Prozess-Modell der Schlafregulation beschriebenen Prozes- se basieren: dem homöostatischen Schlafdruck (Prozess S) sowie dem circadianen Schrittma- cher (Prozess C). Darüberhinaus existieren verschiedene Chronotypen, welche oftmals einen synchrony-effect, also eine bessere Leistung zu für sie optimalen Tageszeiten im Vergleich zu nicht-optimalen Tageszeiten, zeigen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde untersucht, in- wieweit die Leistungsfähigkeit der mittels des Attention Network Task (ANT) gemessenen Aufmerksamkeitsfunktionen tonische und phasische Alertness, Orientierung und exekutive Aufmerksamkeit aufgrund homöostatischer und circadianer Faktoren bei extremen Chrono- typen tageszeitabhängige und/oder chronotypabhängige Variationen unter synchronisierten Bedingungen (also einem normalen Tag-Nacht-Rhythmus) mit selbstgewählten Schlafzeiten zeigen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden je 20 ausgeprägte Morgen- bzw. Abendtypen zu fünf ver- schiedenen Uhrzeiten (9:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00 und 21:00 Uhr) in randomisierter Reihenfolge getestet. Phasische Alertness, Orientierung sowie die exekutive Aufmerksamkeit zeigten sich bei beiden Chronotypen im Tagesverlauf stabil. Die in einer ähnlichen Studie gefundenen Schwankungen der phasischen Alertness der Morgen-/Neutraltypen sowie der exekutiven Auf- merksamkeit bei beiden Chronotypen konnten nicht repliziert werden, was wahrscheinlich auf eine unterschiedliche Einteilung in Chronotypgruppen sowie ein unterschiedliches Studiende- sign zurückzuführen ist. Möglicherweise kann dies aber auch darauf hinweisen, dass es sich bei der Chronotyp-Dimension auf behavioraler Ebene nicht um ein Kontinuum handelt. Wäh- rend die tonische Alertness bei den Morgentypen gleich blieb, zeigte sich bei den Abendtypen ein synchrony-effect, d.h. sie zeigten eine Verbesserung der Leistung im Tagesverlauf, wobei nicht auszuschließen ist, dass neben der nicht-optimalen circadianen Phase der Abendtypen am Morgen auch sleep inertia sowie partielle Schlafdeprivation zu diesem Verlauf beigetragen haben können. Darüberhinaus zeigten die Morgentypen unabhängig von der Tageszeit eine generell schlechtere Orientierungsfunktion als die Abendtypen, was die Hypothese einer ver- schiedenartigen hemisphärischen Dominanz bei den verschiedenen Chronotypen unterstützt. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie unterstützen die These, dass verschiedene kognitive Prozesse selektiv durch homöostatische und circadiane Prozesse moduliert werden, da selbst so ähnliche Funktionen wie die tonische und die phasische Alertness unterschiedliche Ver- läufe zeigen und in einer früheren Studie Schwankungen der phasischen Alertness und der exekutiven Aufmerksamkeit bei moderaten Morgen-/Neutraltypen bzw. moderaten Abendty- pen beschrieben wurden. Ob die unterschiedlichen Ergebnisse der vorliegenden und früherer Studien tatsächliche Unterschiede zwischen verschiedenen Chronotypen reflektieren oder Un- terschieden des jeweiligen Studiendesigns geschuldet sind, ist in weiterführenden Studien zu untersuchen.
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Assis, Rosangela Freitas de. "Tempo, espaço e memória: fronteiras do relato em Cinzas do Norte." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/14683.
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Previous issue date: 2011-10-25Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo
The study of Cinzas do Norte novel written by the manauara Milton Hatoum (2005) is about the reminder report of the Amazon history built by the redesigning of time and space connections. Dissolving the inventive past, correspondent relations between chronotopes and anachronism articule the writing of memory experience to the narrator characters in metafictional labor without marking social and geographic frontiers. In this event, the artistic and epistolary genres have a mediator role in the hybrid speech of the relate between narrators, and characters while sharing the communication among the past memories, felicity appeal, and future dreams of a new Amazon. The demonstration of metafictional construction of Cinzas do Norte relate is announced in a triadic context: in the errant frontiers of the time, space and place, in the bivocal discurse of the letters, and the visual art, and in the physical and human space up dated by the ironic and parodic discurses questioning supports of historical-social chronotope. The reached interpretation expands the history of Amazon by the semantic ambiguity, by the historical critical and the poetic revitalization of ecologic and humanist local language
O estudo do romance Cinzas do Norte do escritor manauara Milton Hatoum (2005) refere-se ao relato rememorativo da história da Amazônia construído pelo redesenho das relações tempo e espaço. No desfazer inventivo do passado, relações correspondentes entre cronotopos e anacronias articulam a escritura da experiência da memória à vivência das personagens narradoras em trabalho metaficcional, sem marcar fronteiras sociais e geográficas. Neste evento, o gênero artístico e epistolar têm um papel mediador no discurso híbrido do relato, entre narradores e personagens, ao compartilhar a comunicação entre as lembranças do passado, os apelos de felicidade e sonho futuros de uma nova Amazônia. A demonstração da construção da metaficção do relato de Cinzas do Norte é apresentada em contexto tríplice: nas fronteiras errantes do tempo, espaço e lugar, no discurso da bivocalidade das cartas e arte visual, e nos espaços físicos e humanos atualizados pelo questionamento dos discursos irônico e paródico, suportes do cronotopo histórico-social. A interpretação alcançada amplia a história da Amazônia pela via da ambiguidade semântica, da crítica histórica e da revitalização poética da linguagem ecológica e humanista local
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LIU, Jingya. "Chronotope and regional Chinese independent films." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2010. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/cs_etd/2.
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This thesis aims to re-categorize Chinese independent films from a region-based perspective as a critical response to existing literature on Chinese independent films. This thesis analyzes three independent films made in three different regions of China in order to investigate regional Chinese independent cinema as a recently rising phenomenon: respectively, Jia Zhangke’s Xiaowu (1997) made in Shanxi Province, Ying Liang’s Taking Father Home (Bei yazi de nanhai, 2006) in Sichuan Province, and Robin Weng’s Fujian Blue (Jinbi huihuang, 2007) in Fujian Province.
By using Bakhtin’s concept of chronotope (literally time-space) as the fundamental framework and exploring the many aspects of it, I will develop three major theoretical points to study selected regional Chinese independent films: first, chronotope enables the evaluation of texts of Chinese independent films; second, the documentary impulses prevailing Chinese independent films serve as the chronotopic linkage between the world in the film text and the world the film text represents; three, the mediation function as one aspect of chronotope is characterized by the negotiation between regional Chinese independent films and many social relations, for example, filmmakers, casting, audiences.
This thesis also explores many issues related to Chinese independent films, for example: How do we value the unique film practice of Chinese independent filmmakers instead of viewing them as a unified whole? How do we relate Chinese independent films as aesthetic practices to the region-specific reality they are embedded in? How can Chinese independent cinema as a social practice play an effective role in society? The exploration of these questions does not only enlighten new research perspectives on Chinese independent films, but also provide reflections on the geographical, cultural and social diversity of Chinese regions.
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Larsen, M. D. H. "The Bakhtinian chronotope : origins, modifications and additions." Thesis, University of Kent, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244340.
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Elmgren, Charlotta. "The Chronotope of Immigration in Jeffrey Eugenides' Middlesex." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-61587.
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Jeffrey Eugenides‟ Middlesex can be ascribed to many genres, one of which is the novel of immigration. Mikhail Bakhtin has suggested that each genre, indeed any literary motif, can be defined by its own chronotope, literally “time space,” “the intrinsic connectedness of temporal and spatial relationships that are artistically expressed in literature.” The essay discusses the chronotope of immigration in Middlesex, and looks at how four specific intersections of time and space, embodied by the four houses inhabited by the Stephanides family, contribute to the unfolding of this particular immigration saga. The four houses can thus be seen to represent the key elements of this novel‟s instance of a chronotope of immigration, which brings up concepts such as assimilation, hybridity and “third space.” The essay also examines the relations of central characters to time, space and each other; the upstairs/downstairs and inside/outside dichotomies within each house providing interesting keys to inter-gender and inter-generational alienation within this chronotope of immigration.
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Montgomery, Michael Vincent. "Bakhtin's chronotope and the rhetoric of Hollywood film." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185758.
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This dissertation considers Hollywood film locales rhetorically, as the site of many different kinds of community activities and perspectives. In particular, my focus will be on locales and mise-en-scene elements that replicate certain "chronotopic" patterns of time and space organized by our culture in its literature. These special patterns, along with their signifying functions, were first outlined by Mikhail Bakhtin during the period 1937-1938. As a first step, I begin with a broad survey, outlining the salient features of Bakhtin's individual chronotopes ancient and modern, and considering fundamental connections between these chronotopes and classical Hollywood genres of the 1940s. I devote my second chapter to the exploration of other important theoretical bases of Bakhtin's work; in particular, to the belief in the rejuvenating power of folk language and the carnivalesque. My argument is that the "idyllic chronotope" is given the same position of centrality in Bakhtin's discussions of space and time as carnivalesque speech genres are in his discussions of language. The appearance of an "idyllic interlude" in a work of literature or in a film can suddenly throw the rest of the represented world into moralizing "perspective" just as a carnivalesque insult or quip can "degrade" a high-sounding speech. My third theoretical problem will be the reception and processing of the film text. How does the audience of a film apply their socially-formed schema and knowledge of the characters' "situations" to a film text in order to construct meaning? Here I demonstrate how the "high-lighting" of a film text with recognizable chronotopes can help an audience to form judgments about characters and to construct analogies between character situations and situations arising in their own communities. In my fourth and final chapter, I branch out from Bakhtin's models to consider new chronotopes as they may develop during a particular historical decade. Specifically, I examine the representation of the "shopping mall" as it appears throughout a dozen or so 1980s films in order to show how the spatiotemporal worlds suggested by these films can be "opened out" into a study of teen culture and social mores across the decade as a whole.
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Böhm, Stephanie. "Sleep and chronotype in adolescents." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-141907.
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Georgieva, Natalia. "The Chronotope in John Updike's Novel The Centaur." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1334779401.
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Frenette, Véronique. "A chronotopic study of Evgenii Zamiatin's Islanders." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23721.
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Evgenii Zamiatin's Islanders (Ostrovitiane 1917) is a novella that has largely been ignored, overshadowed by the writer's best known dystopian novel We (My 1920-21). Yet the novella reveals a wealth of themes, stylistic and linguistic innovations, that were to reach full fruition in We. Thus, it appears to be appropriate and profitable for a broadening of Zamiatin research to conduct a chronotopic analysis of Islanders, which enables a comprehensive investigation, incorporating thematic, stylistic, and linguistic facets of the novella.Chapter One reviews Zamiatin's opposition between the urban and the natural worlds, based on M. Bakhtin's concept of the chronotope, supplemented by Iu. Lotman's category of mobility and immobility.
Chapters Two and Three will examine both worlds in turn, as embodied by their respective characters. Finally, Chapter Four will explore the characters' dynamic interaction and resulting metamorphosis. This first full-length study of Islanders hopes to bring a new focus on Zamiatin's oeuvre at large.
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Klapuri, Tintti [Verfasser]. "Chronotopes of Modernity in Chekhov / Tintti Klapuri." Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1187619620/34.
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Salema, Ricardo Elias. "Hitler in America: a study of chronotope in alternate history novels." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/ECAP-94LKKJ.
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Nos romances 'O homem do castelo alto', de Philip K. Dick, e 'O complô contra a América', de Philip Roth, Adolf Hitler derrota seus oponentes e inicia seu plano de dominação mundial. Nazistas e japoneses governam o mundo e alteram sua organização política e social. Estas são histórias alternativas que ilustram como as consequências políticas e econômicas desta nova organização afeta os indivíduos. A presente dissertação analisará as possibilidades hipotéticas nos romances referentes aos dilemas morais e aos sacrifícios que seriam impostos ao povo americano. A linha teórica está baseada no conceito de cronotopo de Bakhtin, e embasada na visão histórica de Rosenfeld. Será feita uma análise de como a privação da liberdade interfere nos julgamentos morais das personagens e das consequências do regime totalitário nas vidas de uma minoria perseguida.
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Newell, Marilee. "The wyvern's tale : a thought experiment in Bakhtinian dual chronotope occupation." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2154.
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The non-fiction introduction to The Wyvern’s Tale: A Thought Experiment in Bakhtinian Dual Chronotope Occupation documents the evolution of the novel, The Wyvern’s Tale, from the ideas that inspired it to its current incarnation as a full-length novel intended for an adult audience. It comprises an explanation of the novel’s main concept, Bakhtinian dual chronotope occupation, as well as an idea-focused account of the creative-writing process. Detailed in the introduction’s theoretical premise is the relationship between Mikhail Bakhtin’s theories of chronotope and the carnivalesque and the ideal of the divided union in Chalcedonian Christology. This relationship revolves around the state of existing in two time-spaces at once. The novel, The Wyvern’s Tale, explores this dual existence imaginatively using the setting of parallel worlds – the every-day world and a fictional world called Wyvern – as well as a protagonist, who functions in the fictional world as a Christ-figure. Particular thematic emphasis is placed on differing perceptions of truth and reality, and on the transformative power of costumes. The novel’s outcome, dependent on the reader’s decision as to whether dual chronotope occupation is possible or impossible, is respectively either hopeful or tragic. It attempts to reflect the outcome of the life and death of Christ depending on whether his co-existence as God and man was real or imagined.
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Beck, Christoph. "Chronotopos Ostdeutschland aus der Sicht westdeutscher Autoren : vergleichende Roman-Analyse zu einem Motiv bei Jan Böttcher und Andreas Maier." Master's thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5241/.
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Bislang konzentrierten sich die Untersuchungen des westdeutschen Blicks auf Ostdeutschland auf den Zeitraum vor der Wende oder auf Rundfunk- und Fernseh-Medien. Die Gegenwartsliteratur stellt einen weißen Fleck in dieser Frage dar. Anhand des Chronotopos-Konzepts von Michail Bachtin werden in dieser Arbeit daher zeitliche und räumliche Tiefenstrukturen in der Darstellung Ostdeutschlands in den Werken Jan Böttchers und Andreas Maiers herausgearbeitet und mit ihrer Darstellung Westdeutschlands verglichen. Neben grundsätzlichen Unterschieden fallen dabei signifikante Übereinstimmungen auf.
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Juda, Myriam. "The Importance of Chronotype in Shift Work Research." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-118146.
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Cooper, Patricia J. "Stretch effects on cardiac electrophysiology : chronotropy and arrhythmogenesis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442383.
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Macapagal, Katrina Angela R. "The slum chronotope and imaginaries of spatial justice in Philippine urban cinema." Thesis, Queen Margaret University, 2017. https://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/handle/20.500.12289/8975.
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This dissertation proposes that Philippine independent urban cinema reveals imaginaries of spatial justice. The works approached as Philippine urban cinema are independently produced and internationally circulated films that heavily feature or reference Philippine slums as setting, with narratives that centre on the lives of the urban poor. The theory of spatial justice as defined by leading urban theorists argues that social justice has spatio-temporal dimensions. Grounded on this foundational premise, this study approaches Philippine urban cinema in its capacity to foreground and represent the complexities of social justice as contextualised in Philippine urban conditions, with local and global trajectories. Alongside the theory of spatial justice, the dissertation draws from Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of the “chronotope” (literally meaning time-space) to formulate a theory of the “slum chronotope” as a foundational concept for analysing the ways by which films are able to imagine issues of spatial justice, with emphasis on character configuration and narrative formation. The chapters are structured according to genres and modalities, where other chronotopes that dialogue with the slum chronotope are identified and examined. In the comingof- age chapter, the study locates “chronotopes of passage”; in the melodrama chapter, the study locates “affective chronotopes” configured by the spatial practice of walking; in the Manila noir chapter, the study locates “chronotopes of mobility”; and in the final chapter, the study locates “chronotopes of in/visibility” in the Overseas Filipino Worker genre. This study offers a novel interdisciplinary framework for analysing Philippine urban cinema, and in the process, makes a case for Philippine urban history as crucial grounds for understanding the global urbanisation of poverty.
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Mallet, Sandra. "Des plans-lumière nocturnes à la chronotopie. Vers un urbanisme temporel." Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST3014.
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Cette thèse s'intéresse à la prise en compte des rythmes urbains en urbanisme. Alors que les évolutions économiques, sociales et techniques ont progressivement transformé nos rapports à l'espace mais aussi au temps, il nous paraît fondamental de s'interroger sur les enjeux actuels de ces transformations dans le champs urbanistique. Notre regard porte ici sur la nuit, temps particulier de notre quotidien qui subit de nombreux bouleversements. Nous nous attachons aux mutations qui s'opèrent tant aux plans des pratiques spatiales et sociales qu'à celui des représentationsThis thesis is focused on the consideration on urban rhythms in planning. Indeed, faced to economic, social and technical evolutions in France, it's seems now essential to take into account the current stakes of transformations in urban planning.The analysis is centred on night-time, a particular moment of the everyday life, which undergoes numerous changes. The mutations i take into consideration are both social and spatial practices and representations
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Jessen, Anna. "Tageszeitabhängige Leistungsschwankungen in der Verarbeitung anaphorischer Bezüge." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät II, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17011.
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Jeder Mensch hat eine eigene, innere Uhr, die nicht immer synchron mit dem Tageslicht verläuft. Im Volksmund wird von „Eulen“ (Spätaufstehern) und „Lerchen“ (Frühaufstehern) gesprochen. Diese innere Uhr ist genetisch und beeinflusst zahlreiche Aspekte unseres Verhaltens, z.B. unsere präferierten Schlafenszeiten, sportliche Leistungsfähigkeit, sämtliche Organfunktionen und auch kognitive Leistungen. Es ist daher zu erwarten, dass auch die Sprachverarbeitung dem Einfluss der inneren Uhr unterliegt. Sprachliche Leistungen (Produktion und Verarbeitung) zählen zu den höheren kognitiven Funktionen und sind bisher selten auf rhythmische bzw. tageszeitliche Schwankungen wissenschaftlich untersucht worden. Daher ist das Ziel dieser Arbeit, solche Schwankungen in der sprachlichen Leistungsfähigkeit zu untersuchen. Hierfür wurde die Verarbeitung der anaphorischen Referenz gewählt. Zentrale Theorien aus der Linguistik beschäftigen sich mit der anaphorischen Referenz (Centering Theory, Optimality Theory in the Centering Theory, Accessibility Theory). Den meisten dieser Theorien ist gemeinsam, dass die Auswahl einer Anapher einem gewissen Ökonomieprinzip unterliegt: Wenn der Referent, auf den verwiesen werden soll, leicht zugänglich ist, dann sollte es sich um eine strukturell einfache Anapher handeln, z.B. um ein Personalpronomen. Demonstrativpronomen, oder die so genannten d-Pronomen (der, die, das), sowie Eigennamen, sind komplexere Anaphern und sollten verwendet werden, wenn der Referent weniger leicht zugänglich ist. Dieser Unterschied der Anaphern wurde auf seine tageszeitlichen Schwankungen in insgesamt 3 Experimenten untersucht: einer Feldstudie mit Schichtarbeitern, die in regelmäßigen Abständen während ihres Schichtdienstes Reaktionszeitaufgaben absolvierten und 2 EKP-Experimenten, die an zwei verschiedenen Tageszeiten durchgeführt wurden und so Aufschluss über tageszeitliche Unterschiede in der Hirnaktivität bei der Verarbeitung anaphorischer Referenzen geben sollen.Everyone has an inner clock, which is not always synchronized with daytime and nighttime. The individual differences of the inner clock are genetically determined and can vary by up to 8 hours: “extreme larks wake up when extreme owls go to sleep” (Roenneberg, 2003). Many aspects of human life are influenced by circadian rhythms, e.g. physical performance, sleep/wake patterns, cell and organ functions and cognitive performance. Language processing, being a higher order cognitive function, is therefore also assumed to change over the course of the day. To date there are not many studies examining language performance and its diurnal variations. The goal of this thesis, then, is to study such variations in language processing with psycholinguistic methods, looking at the phenomenon of anaphoric reference processing. Many important linguistic theories address the question of how an anaphoric reference is processed (Centering Theory, Optimality Theory in the Centering Theory, Accessibility Theory). Most of these theories have an assumption of underlying economy in common: if the referent is easily accessible, the anaphor should be of a simple type, e.g. a personal pronoun. Demonstrative pronouns, such as the German d-pronouns (der, die, das), noun phrases and names are more complex anaphors which bear more information than a simple pronoun and should therefore refer to a less easily accessible antecedent. With three experiments this difference in anaphor type is examined for its diurnal changes: one behavioral field study in which shift workers were regularly tested during their shifts; and two ERP-experiments conducted at two different times of day. The ERP experiments demonstrate the diurnal changes in brain activity during anaphoric processing.
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Parker, Daniel S. "Phenomenology of Space and TIme in Rudyard Kipling's Kim: Understanding Identity in the Chronotope." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_theses/132.
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This thesis intends to investigate the ways in which the changing perceptions of landscape during the nineteenth century play out in Kipling’s treatment of Kim’s phenomenological and epistemological questions of identity by examining the indelible influence of space— geopolitical, narrative, and imaginative—on Kim’s identity. By interrogating the extent to which maps encode certain ideological assumptions, I will assess the problematic issues of Kim’s multi-faceted identity through an exploration of both geographical and narrative landscapes and the various chronotopes—Bakhtin’s term for coexisting frameworks of time and space—that ultimately provide a new reading of identity-formation in Kim.
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Collington, Tara Leah. "La corrélation essentielle des rapports spatio-temporels, la validité heuristique du chronotope de Bakhtine." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ63825.pdf.
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Lopez, Mikael. ""Where the Trails All Cross" : Chronotopes, Cyclic Time and Recycled Mythology in Pauline Melville's The Ventriloquist's Tale." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-100147.
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Pauline Melville’s The Ventriloquist’s Tale is an intricately layered novel in which the myths and folktales of the Amerindians of Guyana, as they are represented in Melville’s novel, are engaged in a dialogue with their reality. This narrative/mythical dialogue results in enactments and re-enactments of the myths and folktales, not only retelling them, but also recycling them, resulting in the Amerindians interpreting their myths and folktales nonmetaphorically. Mikhail Bakhtin’s concept of settings as chronotopes, “timespaces” in which time and space are inseparable from each other and from the theme, is used to define the distinct thematic qualities of the three narrative layers in the novel. I label these three chronotopes unfixed space, the juncture, and the interior. The interior is established as the chronotope in which the enactments and reenactments of myths and folktales primarily take place, re/enactments which add yet another layer to the novel. I argue that the reason the chronotope of the interior is the nexus of these myths and folktales is largely because the Amerindians adhere to a concept of time which is cyclical rather than linear. The enactments and reenactments are then unfolded as intentionally complex and contradictory threads, which are then untangled to show how the myths and folktales are recycled in the novel. This untangling reveals how the threads interconnect, and how they can all be traced back to the narrator, the trickster deity Macunaima, suggesting he is as unbound by temporal and spatial limitations as the narrative layer of myths and folktales from which he has emerged.
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Luo, Zhiwen. "A Bakhtinian reading of fantasy chronotopes in modern children's fantasy literature." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/104240/.
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Drawing on Bakhtin’s theory of the literary artistic chronotope and the interdisciplinary spatiotemporal theories of geocriticism, this study identifies three particular modes of the fantasy spatiotemporality presented in modern children’s fantasy works. They are the epic chronotope, the “fantastic” time-travel chronotope and the heterotopian chronotope. Each fantasy chronotope is examined in the specific but interrelated textual contexts of selected children’s fantasy works in relation to the three main research questions: (i) How is the fantasy chronotope embodied and strategically deployed in the focused children’s fantasy works? (ii) What ideas and values are conveyed by its syntagmatic interplay with other chronotopes that characterise the textual quotidian world? (iii) How do characters, through their spatiotemporal practices, negotiate with the divergent chronotopic values that converge and wrestle in the textual universes? This study builds on existing works in relation to chronotopic considerations and develops the understanding of the fantasy chronotope in these particular ways: a) It moves the study of the fantasy chronotope from generalities to specific instances, so that the inner diversity of the fantasy spatiotemporal arrangements can be perceived and explored. b) It examines the syntagmatic spatiotemporal relations constructed between the fantasy and the “real” in individual children’s fantasy works and their connotations. In so doing, it reveals how each of the identified fantasy chronotopes can be strategically deployed in fantasy cartographies to convey meanings and values. c) This study also delves into the spatiotemporal embedding of human actions that is distinctively shown in fantasy chronotopes. This is done by reading characters’ spatiotemporal practices in and their negotiations with the projected fantasy worlds. d) Taking Bakhtin’s literary artistic chronotope as the link, my reading of the fantasy chronotopes also demonstrates an interpenetrative and reciprocal relation between fantasy spatiotemporal imaginations and the theoretical interpretations of space and time in geocriticism.
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Couto, Diana Almeida. "Questionário de cronótipo em crianças: adaptação portuguesa do Children's Chronotype Questionnaire." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/7488.
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Mestrado em Psicologia - Psicologia Clínica e da SaúdeOs Ritmos Circadianos apresentam uma complexa e organizada hierarquia (Borisenkov, 2010; Hofstra, & de Weerd, 2008), têm uma periodicidade próxima de um dia e esta designação foi primeiramente utilizado por Franz Halberg em 1959, para descrever ritmos endógenos com um período próximo de 24h. O estabelecimento da fase circadiana por parte do relógio biológico constitui uma estratégia adaptativa importante (Marques, & Menna-Barreto, 2003). O Tipo Diurno tem a ver com um padrão individual de distribuição dos parâmetros circadianos pelo nictómero (Gomes, 2005); é uma característica individual relativamente estável, especificamente relacionada com a acrofase dos ritmos circadianos. Hörne e Ostberg (1976, cf. Evans, 2010) definiram 5 categorias de Tipos Diurnos, distribuídas ao longo de um continuum, em que cada categoria apresenta características distintivas. O Questionário de Cronótipo em Crianças (QCTC) constitui uma adaptação portuguesa do Children’s Chronotype Questionnaire (CCTQ), publicado em 2009 por H. Werner, M. K. LeBourgeois, A. Geiger e O. Jenni. O CCTQ é um questionário composto por 27 itens, destina-se a ser respondido por pais e encarregados de educação de crianças entre os 4 e os 11 anos de idade e permite determinar 3 medidas: Ponto Médio de Sono em Dias Livres (e o Ponto Médio de Sono corrigido em Dias Livres), Matutinidade/Vespertinidade e Cronótipo. Inicialmente foram pedidas autorizações à entidade portuguesa responsável pela administração de questionários em meio escolar, bem como aos Agrupamentos de Escolas onde se pretendia recolher a amostra. Foi elaborada uma primeira tradução, que foi submetida à análise de diversos peritos; com base nas suas sugestões, foi criada uma nova versão, que foi administrada num conjunto de pais para “Reflexão Falada” (Almeida & Freire, 2008). Finalmente, com base nos seus comentários, foi concebida a versão experimental portuguesa e administrada em dois Agrupamentos de Escolas. A amostra foi constituída por 397 crianças, 187 (47,1%) do sexo masculino e 209 (52,6%) do sexo feminino, dos 4 aos 11 anos de idade, que frequentavam desde o Jardim de Infância até ao 6º ano de escolaridade Apresentam-se e discutem-se os resultados encontrados no nosso estudo e a sua comparação com os resultados obtidos por Werner e colaboradores, assim como as principais limitações encontradas e sugestões para futuros trabalhos.
Circadian Rhythms show a complex and organized hierarchy (Borisenkov, 2010; Hofstra, & de Weerd, 2008), have a frequency close to one day and this designation was first used by Franz Halberg in 1959 to describe endogenous rhythms with a period near to 24h. The establishment of the circadian phase by the biological clock is an important adaptive strategy (Marques, & Menna-Barreto, 2003). Diurnal Preference is related with the pattern of distribution of individual circadian parameters on the light/dark cycle (Gomes, 2005); more exactly, it is a relatively stable individual characteristic, defined by the acrophase of the circadian rhythms. Hörne and Östberg (1976, cf. Evans, 2010) defined five categories of Diurnal Preference, distributed along a continuum, in which each class has distinctive categories. The Questionário de Cronótipo em Crianças (QCTC) is an adaptation to the Portuguese population of the Children’s Chronotype Questionnaire (CCTQ), published in 2009 by H. Werner, M. K. LeBourgeois, A. Geiger and O. Jenni. The CCTQ is a questionnaire comprising 27 items, answered by parents of 4- to 11-year-old children, and consists of 3 scales: Midsleep Point on Free Days (and Corrected Midsleep Point on Free Days), Morningness/Eveningness and Chronotype. Firstly it was requested permission to the responsible Portuguese entity for administration of questionnaires in schools, as well as to school clusters where it was intended to collect the sample. A first translation was prepared, which was analyzed by various experts; based on their suggestions, it was created a new version, which, in turn, was given to a group of parents. Finally, based on their comments, the Portuguese experimental version was prepared and administered in two school clusters. The sample included 397 children, 187 (47,1%) males and 209 (52,6%) females, aged 4 to 11 years-old, who attended school from kindergarten to 6th grade. Comparisons between the results obtained by Werner and colleagues and the results obtained in this study are presented, as well as the main constraints encountered and suggestions for future studies.
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Shawa, Nyambura. "Chronotype in the South African population: the influence of longitudinal location." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13321.
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Includes bibliographical references.Most human beings experience the pull of three different daily timers, the solar clock, their endogenous circadian clock and the societal clock. Solar time is generated by the Earth’s revolution on its axis, resulting in its surface being alternately exposed to and shielded from the sun every 24 hours. The endogenous clock, or circadian oscillator, is driven by a network of transcriptional translational feedback loops, and has a period of close to 24 hours. The circadian oscillator is synchronised to the 24 hour light-dark cycle of the solar clock. The third timer is the standardised societal clock that organises and schedules work, school, transport, appointments and free time in a 24 hour period. The way an individual’s endogenous clock synchronises to the solar clock, through advances or delays relative to sunrise and sunset, results in a phenomenon known as diurnal preference or chronotype. A person may have a morning-chronotype, where they enjoy rising and being active early in the day, an evening-chronotype where they prefer to be active later in the day into the late night, retiring in the early morning hours, or have no strong preference for early or late rising. This renders it easy for some to cope with the demands of the societal clock and others to struggle. Chronotype has both genetic and environmental influences. As society’s schedule is governed by the standardised clock, it was hypothesised that chronotype may be influenced by one’s longitudinal location within a time zone. South Africa presents an interesting case because although it uses just one time zone, in the most Easterly regions of the country, the sun rises and sets up to an hour earlier than in the most Westerly regions throughout the year. Sunrise times have an impact on the way the endogenous clock synchronises to the solar clock. It was hypothesised firstly, that South Africans living in the East of the country may have a greater preference for mornings (more morningchronotypes) than those living in the West; and secondly, that this difference would not be due to genetic differences in the populations, particularly two gene polymorphisms previously shown to influence chronotype. Therefore the aims of this study were to describe and compare the distribution of chronotype in Eastern (n=222) and Western (n=205) sample populations with the use of a validated tool, the Horne–Östberg Morningness, Eveningness Questionnaire. Secondly to describe the genotype and allelic frequency distributions of the PER2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) G3853A (rs934945) in the Eastern (n= 184) and Western (n=186) populations, and the PER3 variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the Eastern (n=143) and Western (n=176) populations from buccal cell samples. There was a significantly higher proportion of morning-types in the Eastern population (60.6%) than in the Western population (40.5%) (p<0.001). Whereas there were higher proportions of neither-types and evening-types in the Western population (50.8% and 8.7% respectively) than in the Eastern population (35.1% and 4.3% respectively) (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in distribution of the PER2 genotype (p=0.121) and allele frequencies (p=0.051) between the Eastern and Western populations nor in the PER3 genotype (p=0.879) and allele (p=0.075) frequencies. Although previous studies have shown associations between chronotype and PER2 G3853A and PER3 VNTR genotypes, no significant associations were observed in either the Eastern (PER2 p=0.769; PER3 p=0.221) or the Western (PER2 p=0.584; PER3 p=0.733) populations. These findings indicate that, in South African populations, longitude influences chronotype independently of genotype. Factors that may contribute to this may be the difference in the rising times of the sun, which is exacerbated to some extent by the study areas being at dissimilar latitudes and thus experiencing slight differences in climate. The impact of the differences in chronotype but the maintenance of the same societal temporal organisation in the Eastern and Western regions were not assessed. However, they may be revealed by investigating certain general health indicators in such as quality of sleep and prevalence of depressive symptoms which are affected when there is incongruence between societal time and endogenous time.
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Filimonova, Alexandra. "Theatricality And The Chronotope In The Magus By J. Fowles And England, England By J. Barnes." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611248/index.pdf.
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The thesis reveals the main principles of the theatrical chronotope and examines the ways in which it is embodied in the novels of two postmodern authors &ndashThe Magus by John Fowles and England, England by Julian Barnes. These are analyzed as presenting two different variants of texts that employ the theatrical chronotope to exploit its different possible semantic implications. The thesis argues that in The Magus theatricality is employed to convey the author&rsquo
s philosophical and aesthetical thoughts. The main qualities of the theatrical universe, actualized in the novel, are its epistemological potential determining the protagonist&rsquo
s quest in the &ldquo
heuristic mill&rdquo
of the metatheatre, and the multileveled structure of theatrical reality, combining different degrees of conventionality, which serves to posit the question of the relationships of aesthetical and actual reality. In England, England, theatricality is used to investigate the nature of modern society presented as a kind of totalitazing spectacle. Accordingly, the theatrical chronotope is used to construct a simulative reality, manifesting that of the modern society in replacing the actual reality and experience of living with the illusory pseudo-experience of consuming the images of reality and living, in its role-imposing and transforming abilities manipulating both personal and national identity.
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Andres-Clavera, Miguel. "Technology mediated memories in networked societies : ScanMemories, Himba Chronotopes and Wearable Absence." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2018. http://research.gold.ac.uk/24007/.
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Memories are the windows to the past, metaphysical relationships that are developed and associated within the mind, preserved, and shared with others, even sent into the future. Individuals, communities, cultures, and even countries have memories that may be dramatically important to their very existence or simply the directions to the nearest coffee shop. As early as language and communication, the need to save and share memories has been important, whether to share concepts, lessons, or even simply for entertainment. Contributions of this research are focused on the applications of technology regarding memory and memory storage. Using an action research design, the exploration of new technologies occurs through project designs and testing of memory technologies and how they will benefit society in the future, from ability to preserve memories more completely, regain them, historical value, and preservation of culture through memory sharing. Each project explores specific applications that present new ideas on how memories influence our lives and how the future of memories can influence new generations through technology. This research includes the work presented in the appendix regarding the various projects and concepts of Scan Memories, HimbaChronotopes, and Wearable Absence, with an overview of the items covered in the chapters. Memory objects, memory spaces, digital and physical space, interactive memory making, collective and social memory are explored in relationship to potential real-world applications in daily living. Finally, the work concludes with how project interrelates with the exploration into research and application of the technology, the risks, the future, and implications.
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McAllister, Brian J. ""To know where I have got to" : the postmodern chronotope in Beckett's Malone Dies and Coetzee's Foe." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002336.
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Dravet-Barbusse, Catherine. "La maison de campagne et autres habitats périphériques : espaces, temps et chronotope dans le roman espagnol contemporain." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX10033.
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L'analyse des représentations d'habitats (qui sont considérés comme périphériques d'un point de vue spatial ou symbolique) dans six romans espagnols contemporains se divise en trois temps : une approche descriptive, où nous repérons les caractéristiques de ces demeures ; une deuxième partie axée sur l'interprétation de la notion de périphérie symbolique, sur l'analyse de notions et images récurrentes et sur l'étude des procédés stylistiques ; enfin, un examen des temporalités de l'espace ; où l'observation des rapports entre espace et histoire précède l'analyse des temporalisations de l'espace d'un point de vue "chronotopique", selon la théorie de Bakhtine. Cette analyse met en évidence la conception d'un temps instable, en rupture, un sentiment qui, de même que la dé-centralité du sujet, inscrite dans la nature périphérique des habitats, rappelle la problématique philosophque de la postmodernité et manifeste sa présence dans l'écriture romanesque de la fin du siècle.
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Tourchon, Patrick Paccaud-Huguet Josiane. "Joseph Conrad et Borneo, 1895-1920 chronotopes borneens dans l'oeuvre de J. Conrad /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2004. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2004/tourchon_p.
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Tourchon, Patrick. "Joseph Conrad et Borneo, 1895-1920 : chronotopes bornéens dans l'oeuvre de J. Conrad." Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/tourchon_p.
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Les critiques conradiens font souvent peu de cas de la topographie. De Robert Lee à John Stape, nombre d'érudits nient la pertinence des références géographiques au nom d'un allégorisme, d'un symbolisme ou d'un psychologisme plus ou moins explicite. Le point de départ de cette thèse est de remettre en question ces présupposés et d'accepter la possiblilité pour l'espace et le temps, en tant que ce sont aussi des catégories littéraires, d'être essentiels dans les romans et les nouvelles de Conrad. Dès que Conrad se réinsère ainsi dans l'espace-temps, le concept bakhtinien de chronotope devient applicable. Ce qui veut dire qu'un appareil théorique complexe et riche devient disponible. Car non seulement le chronotope réunit le temps et l'espace, mais il implique de plus une interrogation sur l'émergence du sujet, tout comme il amène à examiner les différentes voix qu'un texte donne à entendre pour une polyphonie potentielle. Le concept bakhtinien, pourvu qu'il se soutienne d'une sémiotique peircéenne et s'enrichisse de développements plus récents opérés par Lacan, couvre donc aussi bien la narratologie que la pragmatique, l'analyse que la rhétorique. Or, Joseph Conrad est un auteur si "chronotopique" qu'une typologie de ses oeuvres peut se foncer sur la localisation précise de ses décors narratifs. Parmi ces décors, Bornéo se distingue comme le lieu que Conrad n'a jamais vraiment quitté : de son premier roman (Almayer's Folly, 1895) à son avant-dernier (du moins publié) (The Rescue, 1920), il ne cesse de revisiter l'île. Une approche bakhtinienne ne pouvait donc qu'éclairer un tel signifiant insistant, et ainsi éclairer aussi les procédés créatifs de ConradConradian critics often take no account of topography. From Robert Lee to John Stape, many scholars hold geographical references as irrelevant, shifting the emphasis on alleged allegorical, symbolic or psychological aspects. The starting point of this thesis is to question such assumptions and to accept the possiblility for space and time, inasmuch as they are literary categories as well, to be essential in Conrad's novels and short stories. Once Conrad is re-inserted into space-time, the Bakhtinian concept of chronotope becomes applicable. Which means that a rich, complex theoretical appartus becomes available. For chronotopes not only merge space and time, they also imply questions about the subject's emergence, as they lead to study the various voices that can be heard in a text to form a potential polyphony. The Bakhtinina concept, provided it is backed up by a Peircean semiotics and enriched by Lacan's more recent developments, thus encompasses narratology as well as pragmatics, psychoanalysis as well as rhetoric. Now, Joseph Conrad proves so "chronotopic" a writer that a typology of his work can be based on a thorough location of his stories setting. Among these settings, Borneo stands out as the place Conrad never really left : from his first novel (Almayer's Folly, 1895) to the penultimate (published) one (The Rescue, 1920), he pays persistent visits to the island. A Bakhtinian approach could but shed light on such a recurring signifier, and therefore on Conrad's creativity
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Resche, Christine. "La symbolique des quatre éléments primordiaux et les figures du temps : De la dramaturgie européenne aux livrets de Verdi." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF20022/document.
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Notre travail, qui centre la représentation symbolique des quatre éléments (terre, eau, air, feu), part de l' « imagination matérielle » de Bachelard en vue d'établir une réflexion équilibrée autour de dynamiques dramaturgiques et littéraires (particulièrement Hugo et Shakespeare) en amont des opéras de Verdi pou r déboucher sur l'analyse de ces derniers, d'un point de vue littéraire et musical. À partir de la mythographie des quatre éléments, diverses figures du temps émergent des livrets verdiens et livrent un parcours symbologique thématique. Ainsi, l'héroïne de La Traviata est confrontée au temps qui fuit, rendu évident par la frénésie musicale du rythme. Au carpe diem impatient s'oppose alors l'émergence de l'amour inévitablement lié à la linéarité du temps de la destinée. Les feux de la passion se distinguent d'une image aérienne de Violetta, qui glisse d'une joie à l'autre en développant un rapport à plusieurs éléments. De manière similaire, une reconstruction analytique de Un ballo in maschera prouve que les personnages demeurent impuissants et superflus face à l'inflexible destin. Le temps accélère ensuite de façon soudainedans Rigoletto au sein d'une image aquatique. Dans cette œuvre, un chronotope de la crise d'empreinte bakhtinien entre en jeu, provoquant un renversement de la direction temporelle et une précipitation du temps imagée dans le rythme hippique du galop. Le temps cristallisé dans Don Carlos dérive pour sa part de l'expérience amoureuse des protagonistes qui se réfugient dans un temps réitérable par le biais du souvenir tandis qu'un autre souvenir igné annonce un retour du temps destructeur dans Il Trovatore. Mais un deuxième régime temporel linéaire où le feu est dévorant prend également forme dans cette œuvre sombre, débouchant sur un mouvement aérien qui est une fuite à la condition terrestre révolue des personnages amoureux. Enfin, les symboles d'un temps dévastateur porteur de mort, dégagés par les ténèbres, sont observables dans Macbeth et Otello, sous-tendus par un même substrat shakespearien. Lemoment de la chute ultime du héros est venu. Comme si l'insoluble tragédie de la source shakespearienne rencontrait par ce biais le pessimisme et le doute artistique d'un Verdi arrivé désormais à maturitéOur work focuses on the symbolic representation of the four elements (earth, water, air, fire) startingfrom Bachelard’s “material imagination” and leading us to reflect upon the dramatic and literary dynamics(from Hugo and Shakespeare especially) upstream of Verdi’s operas in order to analyze them from a bothliterary and musical point of view. From the mythography of the four elements different figurations oftime emerge from the Verdian libretti and allow a symbologic thematic reading.Thus, the Traviata’s heroin is confronted with tempus fugit epitomized by the frenetic musicalrhythm. The impatient carpe diem then contrasts with the advent of love inevitably linked to time’s fatefullinearity. Fires of passion distinguish themselves from the ethereal image of Violetta gliding from one joyto the other playing on a palette of several elements. Similarly, an analytical reconstruction of theBallo in mascherawill prove that the characters are powerless and superfluous in front of inflexible fate. Timethen suddenly speeds up in Rigolettoin the midst of water imagery.In this work, Bakhtin’s “chronotope ofcrisis” comes into play, causing a reversal of the temporal direction and a precipitation of the passing oftime embodied in the horse’ gallop-like concluding rhythm. The crystallized time inDon Carlosoriginatesfrom the lovers’ experience, who find refuge in the repeatable time of memory whereas another memory,infused with fire symbols heralds a return of the devastating time ofIl Trovatore. But a second temporalsystem, linear, where fire is devouring, takes shape in this darker work, leading eventually to an etherealmovement of the lovers’ escape from their already-gone terrestrial condition. Finally, the devastating timebrings forth death inMacbethandOtello, which share an underlying Shakespearean substrate. Thencomes the final fall of the hero. As if the insoluble tragedy of the Shakespearean source met the intimatepessimism and artistic doubts of the mature Giuseppe Verdi
Il nostro lavoro, che s'incentra sulla rappresentazione simbolica dei quattro elementi (terra, acqua, aria,fuoco), parte dall' «immaginazione materiale» di Bachelard in vista di stabilire una riflessione bilanciataintorno a dinamiche drammaturgiche e letterarie (in particolare Hugo e Shakespeare) a monte delle operein musica di Verdi per giungere all'analisi di queste da un punto di vista letterario e musicale. Partendodalla mitografia dei quattro elementi, diverse figure del tempo emergono dai libretti verdiani, svelando unpercorso simbolico tematico. Premesso ciò, l'eroina dellaTraviataè condannata da un tempo che fugge,reso evidente dalla frenesia musicale del ritmo. Alcarpe diemimpaziente si oppone allora l'emergeredell'amore inevitabilmente legato alla linearità del tempo e del destino. I fuochi della passione sicontraddistinguono dall'immagine aerea di Violetta, che scivola da una gioia all'altra sviluppando unrapporto con più elementi. Una ricostruzione analitica delBallo in mascheraprova che i personaggi sonodi fatto impotenti e superflui di fronte all'inflessibile destino. Il tempo accelera poi in modo repentino inRigolettoin seno ad un'immagine acquatica. In questa opera, un cronotopo della crisi d'improntabakhtiniana entra in gioco, provocando un ribaltamento della direzione temporale e una precipitazione deltempo resa nota dal ritmo ippico del galoppo. Il tempo cristallizzato diDon Carlosderiva, dal canto suo,dall'esperienza amorosa dei protagonisti che si rifugiano in un tempo reiterabile per via del ricordo mentreun altro ricordo igneo annuncia un ritorno del tempo distruttore nelTrovatore. Ma un secondo regimetemporale lineare dove il fuoco è insaziabile prende ugualmente vita in questa opera cupa, sfociando in unmovimento aereo che rappresenta una fuga dalla condizione terrestre dei personaggi innamorati. Infine, isimboli di un tempo devastatore messaggero della morte, liberati dalla tenebre, sono riscontrabili inMacbeth e Otello, supportati da uno stesso sostrato shakespeariano. È allora giunto il momento dellacaduta finale dell'eroe. Come se l'insolubile tragedia shakespeariana incontrasse il pessimismo e i dubbiartistici di un Giuseppe Verdi giunto ormai a maturità
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Tzimopoulou, Eleni. "Refraction, Heteroglossia and Chronotope in Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway : Following Bakhtin’s View of the Novel as Centrifugal Force." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-27363.
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Böhm, Stephanie [Verfasser], and Till [Akademischer Betreuer] Roenneberg. "Sleep and chronotype in adolescents : a chronobiological field study / Stephanie Böhm. Betreuer: Till Roenneberg." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1022318624/34.
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Thomas, J. Matthew. "CIRCADIAN RHYTHM PHASE SHIFTS CAUSED BY TIMED EXERCISE VARY WITH CHRONOTYPE IN YOUNG ADULTS." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/khp_etds/64.
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The circadian system controls 24-hour cycles of behavior and physiology, such as rest-activity and feeding rhythms. The human circadian system synchronizes with, or entrains to, the light/dark cycle (sunrise/sunset) to promote activity and food consumption during the day and rest at night. However, strict work schedules and nighttime light exposure impair proper entrainment of the circadian system, resulting in chronic circadian misalignment. Numerous studies have shown that chronic circadian misalignment results in poor health. Therefore, therapeutic interventions that could shift circadian rhythms and alleviate circadian misalignment could broadly impact public health. Although light is the most salient time cue for the circadian system, several laboratory studies have shown that exercise can also entrain the internal circadian rhythm. However, these studies were performed in controlled laboratory conditions with physically-active participants. The purpose of this study was to determine whether timed exercise can phase advance (shift earlier) the internal circadian rhythm in sedentary subjects in free-living conditions. Fifty-two young, sedentary adults (16 male, 24.3±0.76 yrs) participated in the study. As a marker of the phase of the internal circadian rhythm, we measured salivary melatonin levels (dim light melatonin onset: DLMO) before and after 5 days of timed exercise. Participants were randomized to perform either morning (10h after DLMO) or evening (20h after DLMO) supervised exercise training for 5 consecutive days. We found that morning exercisers had a significantly greater phase advance than evening exercisers. Importantly, the morning exercisers had a 0.6h phase advance, which could theoretically better align their internal circadian rhythms with the light-dark cycle and with early-morning social obligations. In addition, we also found that baseline DLMO, a proxy for chronotype, influenced the effect of timed exercise. We found that for later chronotypes, both morning and evening exercise advanced the internal circadian rhythm. In contrast, earlier chronotypes had phase advances when they exercised in the morning, but phase delays when they exercised in the evening. Thus, late chronotypes, who experience the most severe circadian misalignment, may benefit from exercise in the morning or evening, but evening exercise may exacerbate circadian misalignment in early chronotypes. Together these results suggest that personalized exercise timing prescriptions based on chronotype could alleviate circadian misalignment in young adults.
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Simon, Tarek. "Impact du chronotype sur les paramètres du sommeil en fonction de l'horaire de travail." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26002.
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Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2015-2016Le présent mémoire vise à évaluer l’association entre le chronotype et les difficultés de sommeil en lien avec l’horaire de travail. À cette fin, 116 travailleurs du réseau de la santé de la ville de Québec ont complété le questionnaire de chronotype de Horne et Ostberg (MEQ; 1976) en plus de remplir quotidiennement un agenda du sommeil sur une période de 2 semaines. Les participants ont été comparés selon leur horaire de travail (travailleurs de jour n = 43; travailleurs de nuit n = 73) et selon leur chronotype (du matin n = 37; neutre n = 59; du soir n = 20) pour déterminer les effets indépendants et interactifs de ces variables sur la durée du sommeil durant la période de sommeil principale, la durée du sommeil sur une période de 24 heures et la somnolence après le travail. Tel que postulé initialement, les résultats indiquent que le chronotype et l’horaire de travail ont un effet sur la période de sommeil principale, mais pas sur le sommeil au cours de 24 heures, de sorte que les travailleurs de nuit ont une période de sommeil principale qui est significativement plus courte que celle des travailleurs de jour. De plus, le raccourcissement de la période de sommeil principale après le travail de nuit semble principalement observable chez les travailleurs avec un chronotype du matin ou un chronotype neutre, un patron de résultats qui concorde avec les connaissances actuelles sur le rythme circadien et qui corrobore plusieurs études antérieures. Le fait que tous les travailleurs ont obtenu une durée du sommeil équivalente sur une période de 24 heures suggère qu’il est possible de compenser pour une période de sommeil principale écourtée, en prenant des siestes. Ainsi, les résultats obtenus dans le présent mémoire mettent en évidence l’importance des siestes chez les travailleurs de nuit, surtout ceux et celles avec une prédisposition matinale. Enfin, l’absence de différence entre les groupes quant au niveau de somnolence après le travail suggère que la somnolence excessive n’est pas un problème qui se limite au travail de nuit.
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Awad, Aziza Ibrahim Sayed. "L'immeuble parisien dans "Pot-bouille" d'Emile Zola et dans "Passage de Milan" de Michel Butor : du chronotope au mythe." Bordeaux 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR30082.
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Dans les deux romans, à partir d’un simple remue-ménage de locataires dans un immeuble situé à Paris, apparaissent d’autres aspects beaucoup plus mystérieux que ceux que l’on attend d’un simple récit réaliste. Zola et Butor nourrissent leurs textes d’une forte dose d’imagination et de symbolisme. Nous sommes partie d’une analyse des deux récits qui décrivent d’abord le réseau compliqué de liens établis dans cette maison parisienne. Il s’agit, dans ce sens, d’une peinture sociale des rapports problématiques qui se tissent entre les personnages dans chaque livre. L’analyse psychologique nous mène à une analyse des lieux, à une étude de l’espace et du temps et de l’influence de leur interaction sur les personnages des deux immeubles. Nous dépassons ensuite cette équation spatiotemporelle pour jeter sur les deux récits un autre regard purement mythique. En analysant la dimension mythique qui se cache sous ces deux récits, nous dégageons, à partir des images ambivalentes, voire conflictuelles, un hymne chanté par les deux écrivains pour l’équilibre vital, l’harmonie universelle et la plénitude humaineIn the two novels, from a simple commotion of tenants in a Paris block of flats, come to light aspects much more mysterious than those expected from a simple realist story. Zola and Butor nurture their text on a strong touch of imagination and symbolism. We started from an analysis of two stories describing first the complicated network of established links in this Paris house. So, it’s a matter of social portrait of problematical relationships between characters in each book. Psychological analysis leads us to an analysis of the places, to a space and time study and to the influence of their interaction on characters from the block of flats. After, we surpass this spatiotemporal equation to have a look purely mythical at the two stories. Analysing mythical dimension hidden in these two stories, we draw, from ambivalents pictures, indeed conflicting, an hymn song by the two authors to vital equilibrium, universal harmony and human plenitude
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Holmgren, Troy Maria. "In the first person and in the house : the house cronotope [i.e. chronotope] in four works by American women writers /." Uppsala : [Uppsala universitet], 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb390531281.
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Lindgren, Fanny. "Upp och ned, hit och dit : En romananalys av Haruki Murakamis Fågeln som vrider upp världen utifrån Michail Bachtins kronotopteori." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-66699.
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In this essay Murakami Haruki’s novel The Wind Up Bird Chronicle was analysed from the perspective of Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of the chronotope. The aim was to explore the concept of time and space as presented in the novel. In particular, the analysis focused on how Bakhtin’s chronotopes can be applied to The Wind Up Bird Chronicle, how the chronotopes can enhance our understanding of the novel, and finally how the chronotope theory can be applied to the concept of ‘magic realism’ that is often used to describe Murakami’s authorship. Four chronotopes, presented by Bachtin, were selected and applied to the novel: every-day life, the road, crisis and the castle. The concept of the chronotope allows analysis of how time and space work together in literature and how they form patterns of correlation in the sujet. Results showed that the four chronotopes were found in the novel, and that they also interacted with each other. The chronotope of everyday-life was apparent throughout the novel, and the narrator was under its control. The narrator also seemed to create every-day life out of the chronotopes of the road and crisis by re-living the crises in the road. These three chronotopes seemed inseparable in The Wind Up Bird Chronicle. Finally, the fourth chronotope, the castle, illustrated how a concrete room in the novel, a house, became a part of time and space through a character who, by his presence, gave the impression of slowing down time. When this character disappeared, time made its way through space, making the chronotope of the castle visible. The essay concludes that the chronotope theory was a relevant way to analyse The Wind Up Chronicle as it provided a concept of how time and space appeared together in a novel where time and space is always present. The analysis helped creating a way of understanding the patterns in the novel, which were not always clear, thereby also increasing the understanding of The Wind Up Bird Chronicle.
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McAllister, Brian J. "“To Know Where I Have Got To”: The Postmodern Chronotope in Beckett’s Malone Dies and Coetzee’s Foe." Scholar Commons, 2008. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/388.
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This study addresses two works of fiction--Samuel Beckett's Malone Dies and J. M. Coetzee's Foe--and is separated into two chapters. The first chapter analyzes the indeterminate nature of postmodern space within the two novels as related to M. M. Bakhtin's idea of the chronotope found in his work The Dialogic Imagination. The second chapter addresses the self-reflexive creation of this postmodern space within each novel's hypodiegetic narratives and discussions of narrative creation within each respective diegetic narratives.
In each novel, characters as authors create or discuss "inner" narratives that reflect upon the way chronotopes are created in fiction and reveal problematic aspects of those chronotopes. This narrative creation produces what I call a "postmodern creative chronotope" that self-reflexively embraces indeterminacy at the same time that it critiques the elements that produce this indefinite relationship between time and space, a strategy that is especially postmodern. I contextualize the discussion by introducing theories of postmodernism, specifically those of Jean-François Lyotard and Linda Hutcheon. Lyotard's claim that postmodernism resists totalizing structures and Hutcheon's contention that it engages in a simultaneous complicity and critique inform the relationships between time and space in both Beckett's and Coetzee's text.
Additionally, theories of postmodern space contribute to the more specific discussion of the postmodern chronotopes in both novels. Spatial theorists like Edward Soja and Henri Lefebvre, among others, have attempted to reassert issues of space in what has been an ontological and epistemological framework that has prioritized time. Their reassertion of spatiality reconnects the two halves of the spatio-temporal framework of the chronotope in narrative. Beckett and Coetzee employ similar indeterminate and self-reflexive chronotopal strategies in their novels. Coetzee, however, inserts a number of global/political issues into his self-reflexive discussion of chronotopal creation and definition.
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Skott, Julia. "Love in the age of communism : Soviet romantic comedy in the 1970s." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Cinema Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1117.
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The author discusses three Soviet comedies from the
1970s: Moskva slezam ne verit (Moscow Does Not Believe
in Tears, Vladimir Menshov, 1979), Osenniy marafon
(Autumn Marathon, Georgi Daneliya, 1979), and Ironiya
Sudby, ili S lyogkim parom (Irony of Fate, Eldar
Ryazanov, 1975), and how they relate to both
conventions of romance and conventions of the
mainstream traditions of the romantic comedy genre.
The text explores the evolution of the genre and
accompanying theoretic writings, and relates them to
the Soviet films, focusing largely on the conventions
that can be grouped under an idea of the romantic
chronotope. The discussion includes the conventions of
chance and fate, of the wrong partner, the happy
ending, the temporary and carnevalesque nature of
romance, multiple levels of discourse, and some
aspects of gender, class and power. In addition, some
attention is paid to the ways in which the films
connect to specific genre cycles, such as screwball
comedy and comedy of remarriage, and to the
implications that a communist system may have on the
possibilities of love and romance. The author argues
that Soviet and Hollywood films share many conventions
of romance, but for differing reasons.
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Paula, Luciane de [UNESP]. "O SLA funk de Fernanda Abreu." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103603.
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Este trabalho versa sobre o funk carioca, encarado como manifestação do hip hop contemporâneo. Para compreender esse movimento, propõe-se a analisar as letras do SLA Funk de Fernanda Abreu (FA) por meio da isotopia da busca por um pertencimento. Revelam-se, no desenvolvimento dessa procura, três componentes: o baile, caracterizado como rito dionisíaco; a antropofagia; e a metalinguagem. Os cronótopos do encontro e do carnaval, bem como a intertextualidade, compõem as canções de FA e caracterizam a relação sujeito-espaço-tempo nelas existente. Para atingir seu objetivo, a pesquisa fundamenta-se, principalmente, nas noções bakhtinianas de diálogo, carnavalização e cronótopo. Os resultados mostram que o tema de constituição das canções analisadas é o prazer realizado nos bailes da pesada. Os sujeitos das canções de FA tentam explicitar, metalingüisticamente, o caráter carnavalesco do baile funk. No universo do hip hop carioca das canções de FA, o corpo aparece retratado como fonte de poder que constitui as mais diversas relações entre os sujeitos. As SLAs representam a cultura do funk por manterem, em seus enunciados, um elo entre discursos e realidade, ao retratarem o baile e seu culto à diversão e ao prazer. Este, adquirido por meio do movimento (suingue) do corpo que dança, canta e encanta. No embalo dos ouvidos e dos movimentos dos corpos, as canções acabam por sustentar e promover um universo da cultura funk: um mundo composto pela liberação do prazer carnal. Assim, as canções de FA levam a conhecer o universo do funk carioca por manifestarem, em seus enunciados, um modo de ser e de sentir.
This research runs upon carioca funk, known as a manifestation of contemporary hip hop. To understand this movement, we would analyze the lyrics of SLA Funk by Fernanda Abreu (FA) through the isotopy of a social belonging search. Three components are revealed during this search: the ball, characterized as a Dionysian ritual; the anthropophagy, and melalanguage. The chronotopes of the meeting and the carnival, as well as the intertextuality, compose FA's songs and characterize the existing relation among subject, space and time. To achieve its objective, the research is, mainly, based on Bakhtinian notions of dialogue, carnavalization and chronotope. The results show that the constitution theme of the analyzed songs is the pleasure realized in Heavy Balls. The subjects of FA's songs try to make explicit, metalinguistically, the carnival character of a funk ball. In the universe of carioca hip hop FA's songs, the body is portrayed as the source of power that constitutes the most diverse relations among subjects. The SLAs represent the culture of funk by maintaining in its statements, a link between discourse and reality, as they portray the ball and its worship to amusement and pleasure, acquired by the movement (swing) of the body that dances, sings and enchants. In the rocking of ears and the bodies' movement, the songs support and promote a universe of funk culture: a world composed of the liberation of carnal pleasure. So, FA's songs reveal the universe of carioca funk by expressing, in its statements, a way of being and of feeling.
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Paula, Luciane de. "O SLA funk de Fernanda Abreu /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103603.
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Orientador: Renata Maria Facuri Coelho MarchezanBanca: Maria do Rosário Gregolin
Banca: Fernanda Mussalim
Banca: Dulce Consuelo Andreatta Whitaker
Resumo: Este trabalho versa sobre o funk carioca, encarado como manifestação do hip hop contemporâneo. Para compreender esse movimento, propõe-se a analisar as letras do SLA Funk de Fernanda Abreu (FA) por meio da isotopia da busca por um pertencimento. Revelam-se, no desenvolvimento dessa procura, três componentes: o baile, caracterizado como "rito dionisíaco"; a "antropofagia"; e a metalinguagem. Os cronótopos do encontro e do carnaval, bem como a intertextualidade, compõem as canções de FA e caracterizam a relação sujeito-espaço-tempo nelas existente. Para atingir seu objetivo, a pesquisa fundamenta-se, principalmente, nas noções bakhtinianas de diálogo, carnavalização e cronótopo. Os resultados mostram que o tema de constituição das canções analisadas é o prazer realizado nos "bailes da pesada". Os sujeitos das canções de FA tentam explicitar, metalingüisticamente, o caráter carnavalesco do baile funk. No universo do hip hop carioca das canções de FA, o corpo aparece retratado como fonte de poder que constitui as mais diversas relações entre os sujeitos. As SLAs representam a cultura do funk por manterem, em seus enunciados, um elo entre discursos e "realidade", ao retratarem o baile e seu culto à diversão e ao prazer. Este, adquirido por meio do movimento (suingue) do corpo que dança, canta e encanta. No embalo dos ouvidos e dos movimentos dos corpos, as canções acabam por sustentar e promover um universo da cultura funk: um mundo composto pela liberação do prazer carnal. Assim, as canções de FA levam a conhecer o universo do funk carioca por manifestarem, em seus enunciados, um modo de ser e de sentir.
Abstract: This research runs upon carioca funk, known as a manifestation of contemporary hip hop. To understand this movement, we would analyze the lyrics of SLA Funk by Fernanda Abreu (FA) through the isotopy of a social belonging search. Three components are revealed during this search: the ball, characterized as a Dionysian ritual; the anthropophagy, and melalanguage. The chronotopes of the meeting and the carnival, as well as the intertextuality, compose FA's songs and characterize the existing relation among subject, space and time. To achieve its objective, the research is, mainly, based on Bakhtinian notions of dialogue, carnavalization and chronotope. The results show that the constitution theme of the analyzed songs is the pleasure realized in "Heavy Balls". The subjects of FA's songs try to make explicit, metalinguistically, the carnival character of a funk ball. In the universe of carioca hip hop FA's songs, the body is portrayed as the source of power that constitutes the most diverse relations among subjects. The SLAs represent the culture of funk by maintaining in its statements, a link between discourse and "reality", as they portray the ball and its worship to amusement and pleasure, acquired by the movement (swing) of the body that dances, sings and enchants. In the rocking of ears and the bodies' movement, the songs support and promote a universe of funk culture: a world composed of the liberation of carnal pleasure. So, FA's songs reveal the universe of carioca funk by expressing, in its statements, a way of being and of feeling.
Doutor
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Ayala, Flores del Vecchio María del Carmen. "Temporalisation des espaces dans quelques romans espagnols au tournant du siècle (1985-2005) : autoréférentialité et chronotopes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3009.
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Dans le prolongement du travail effectué par le centre d'études et de recherches sociocritiques sur le volume intitulé Chronotopes : les espaces du temps, nous examinons les descriptions spatiotemporelles dans onze romans historiques espagnols de la fin du XXe siècle et du début du XXIe siècle. L'analyse est effectuée à partir de deux axes : la description des espaces communs aux différents romans du corpus et leur temporalisation manifeste à travers les différentes déclinaisons du temps historique et du temps cyclique. Il s'agit de démontrer si ces descriptions ont une fonction de référentialité nous ramenant à l'Histoire ou si, au contraire, elles renvoient à la construction narrative. Ce travail permet de déceler des chronotopes référentiels, nous ramenant à l'Histoire, et des chronotopes internes à caractère essentiellement structurant. Le questionnement est aussi de déterminer si les chronotopes restent ordonnés par une conscience du temps contemporaine aux auteurs où si l'orientation historique de l'écriture met en place ceux du passé. La conscience du temps est susceptible de présenter une évolution entre les représentations chronotopiques des œuvres publiées à la fin du millénaire et celles du début du XXIe siècle. Dans cette perspective, nous sommes amenés à considérer les événements politiques et sociaux du tournant du siècle en Espagne et à les mettre en relation avec l'expression du temps dans les chronotopes qui structurent les romans. Afin de mieux apprécier la portée des chronotopes, c'est le principe de la diversité qui a guidé le choix du corpusIn the continuation of work carried out by the “Centre d'études et de recherches sociocritiques” (Center for Sociocritical Studies and Research) on the volume entitled chronotopes: the spaces of time, we examine the spatiotemporal descriptions in Spanish of eleven historical novels in the late twentieth century and early twenty-first century. The analysis is performed along two axes: the description of common spaces for the various novels of the corpus and their temporality, manifested through the different versions of historical time and cyclical time. The issue we want to tackle is whether these descriptions create a referentiality bringing us back to history or whether, instead, they refer to the narrative construction. This work detects referential chronotopes leading us back to history and chronotopes that are essentially oriented to internal structuring. The question is whether the chronotopes are ordered by an awareness of authors' contemporaneity or if the orientation of historical writing sets up those of the past. Awareness of time is likely to present an evolution between the chronotopical representations of works published at the end of the millennium and the early twenty-first century. In this perspective, we are led to consider the political and social events at the turn of the century in Spain and to connect them with the expression of time contained in the chronotopes that shape the novels. The choice of our corpus was guided by the principle of diversity to better assess the scope of chronotope. The criteria for its formation have taken into consideration the ages of the authors, the success of the works and the historical periods treated
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Henst, Rob. "The role of chronotype in the participation and performance of South African and Dutch marathon runners." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13131.
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Includes bibliographical references.Introduction: Our circadian rhythms are internal biological rhythms of approximately (circa) 24 - hours (dies) allowing us to synchronize our internal biological “clock” with external time cues. Many innate biological functions are dependent on time-of-day, such as secreting adrenaline and cortisol in the mornings and melatonin in the evenings. The time-of-day at which these and other physiological functions are active, change or reach a certain level may influence a person’s diurnal preference, i.e. preference for mornings (morning-types) or evenings (evening-types), and is referred to as ‘chronotype’. Many different factors may affect a person’s chronotype, including age, sex, physical activity, ethnicity and geographical location. Certain clock-related genotypes have also been shown to be associated with chronotype. For example, some studies have found that the 5-repeat allele of the PER3 variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism (PER35) is associated with a preference for mornings. Recent research has shown a high prevalence of morning-types and PER35VNTR allele carriers in trained South African runners, cyclists and triathletes. It was proposed that the early morning start-times of these endurance events might select people with a preference for mornings, since morning-types may cope better with rising early and being physically active in the early morning. Alternatively, the habitual early waking for training or endurance events may have conditioned the athletes to adapt to become morning-types. However, the geographical location of South Africa (i.e. climate and day length) and the fact that each group was physically active may also have contributed to this finding. Comparison of South African and Dutch runners would allow us to explore the effects of race start time and geography on this observation, since marathons in The Netherlands on average start at 11:41, and since the two countries differ significantly in latitude and as such have noticeable differences in daylight exposure. Aims: The aims of this study were 1) to compare the PER3VNTR genotype and chronotype distribution of South African and Dutch recreational marathon runners and active but non-competitive controls; 2) to investigate the relationship between the PER3VNTR genotype and chronotype in both the Dutch and South African samples; and 3) to determine whether marathon race time is associated with chronotype and PER3VNTR genotype in Dutch and South African marathon Methods: Ninety-five trained South African male marathon runners, 97 South African male active but non-competitive controls, 90 trained Dutch male marathon runners and 98 Dutch male active but non-competitive controls completed a questionnaire capturing demographics, training and race history, including personal best and most recent full and half-marathon race time (if applicable) and the Horne-Östberg morningness-eveningness personality questionnaire (HÖ-MEQ, a tool to assess a person’s chronotype). Each participant provided a buccal cell swab from with total genomic DNA was extracted to determine his PER3VNTR polymorphism genotype. The official race time from each runner who completed the designated marathons in South Africa or the Netherlands was collected from the event websites. Results: The South African and Dutch runners were more morning-orientated than their respective control groups and the South African runners were more morning-orientated than the Dutch runners. The PER3 VNTR polymorphism distribution was similar between the four groups and was not associated with chronotype. The marathon performance of the morning-type South African runners was better than the evening-types, and a higher HÖ-MEQ score (morningness) correlated with better personal best and most recent half-marathon race time. Similar observations were not found in the Dutch runners. Discussion: Since a higher prevalence of morning-types in South African marathon runners compared to Dutch marathon runners was found, it is proposed that the early marathon start-times in South Africa may favour morning-types, who are able to cope with those early morning start times. Alternatively, one could argue that through repetitive early-morning racing (i.e. participating in competitive running events), the chronotype of South African runners may be conditioned to that of a morning-type over time. It is proposed that this ability to cope with early morning marathon start times may lead to better marathon performances for morning-types than neither-types and evening-types in the South African running group. This effect does not occur in the Netherlands, where marathons start later in the morning and do thus not favour a certain chronotype. The difference in daylight exposure between the two countries as a function of latitude does not seem to affect chronotype, since the active but non-competitive control groups did not differ significantly between South Africa and the Netherlands. Unlike the findings from a previous study, the PER35allele was not more prevalent among the South African runners, but rather the distribution wasi n line with what has been described in most, but not all, other populations. No association between the PER35VNTR xpolymorphism and chronotype was found in any of the four groups. Since the four groups investigated in this study comprised physically active individuals, it is proposed that this lack of association may be due to the habituation effects of physical activity and early morning start times of marathon events(for only the South African runners). Conceivably,this habituation may even shift the diurnal preference of those with the PER34/5 and PER34/4VNTR genotypes towards morningness, disassociating any relationship between chronotype and the PER3VNTR genotype. Conclusion: The early morning start time of South African marathon events may favour morning-types, due to their ability to cope with being physically active in the early morning. We propose that the PER3VNTR genotype cannot solely explain the higher prevalence of morning-types in the South African runners in this study, however, it is very likely that the PER3VNTR genotype does play an important role in the chronotype distributions found in the study of Kunorozva et al.(2012). Since the PER3VNTR genotype was not associated with chronotype in any of the four groups, it is proposed that habituation to early-morning marathon racing may be the causal effect of the high number of morning-types in the South African runners group, and the apparent disassociation between chronotype and the PER3VNTR genotype. We also propose that the habituation effect of physical activity and training time-of-day on chronotype in the other groups may dissociate the PER3VNTR genotype with chronotype in a similar manner to which the early-morning start times of South African endurance events dissociates the two. No effect of geographical location on chronotype was found when comparing the Dutch and the South African groups. The morning-orientated South African runners seem to perform better in marathon running than the more evening-orientated runners do, which may be caused by their ability to cope with these early-morning marathon events. Further studies may explore whether marathon performance in later chronotypes can be improved by training-based habituation.
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Schuck, Eric. "Literary chronotopes as social structures of power in "The Brothers Karamazov" and "Del amor y otros demonios"." Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1456680.
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Bolfarine, Mariana. "Espaço e metaficção em A house for Mr. Biswas, de V. S. Naipaul." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8147/tde-26092011-123338/.
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A presente dissertação propõe um estudo do espaço literário no romance A House for Mr. Biswas (1961), do escritor indo-caribenho V. S. Naipaul. Num primeiro momento, pautamos nossa leitura na relação constituída entre o espaço e o sujeito por meio do estudo dos cronotopos, de Bakhtin, verificando a presença de dois principais temas espaciais: o da clausura, sobre como o espaço influi na constituição da subjetividade dos personagens e o de transição, sobre o deslocamento do protagonista, Mr. Biswas, do espaço rural para o urbano, despertando nele um vislumbre de agência. Realizamos uma análise detalhada do jornal e da educação colonial e, em seguida, enfocamos a casa e seus constituintes estruturais, bem como as possessões que o protagonista acumula ao longo de sua vida. Concluímos que A House for Mr. Biswas é um romance metaficcional que utiliza a metáfora da escrita e da construção da casa para representar o processo de sua própria construção. A metaficção se manifesta por meio da paródia do gênero do romance de formação, já incorporado pela literatura inglesa dos séculos XVIII e XIX, resultando na criação de um novo romance que almeja pertencer à tradição literária estabelecida, mas que, ao mesmo tempo, encontra-se em dívida em relação a ela.This dissertation examines the concept of literary space in the novel A House for Mr. Biswas (1961), by the Indo-Caribbean writer V. S. Naipaul. We have based our reading upon the relationship between space and subject by means of Bakhtins chronotopes, verifying the presence of two major themes: that of closure, related to the way in which space affects the constitution of the subjectivity of the characters, and that of transition, about the displacement of the protagonist, Mr. Biswas, from a rural to an urban space, awakening in him a glimpse of agency. We have conducted a detailed analysis of the newspaper and of colonial education, and then the focus shifts to the house and its structural components, as well as to the possessions which the protagonist accumulates throughout his life. We conclude that A House for Mr. Biswas is a metafictional novel that uses the metaphor of writing and that of the building of the house in order to represent the process of constructing the novel itself. Metafiction is disclosed through the parody of the formation novel, already incorporated by English literature of the 18th and 19th centuries, resulting in the creation of a new novel, which aspires to become part of the established literary tradition, but that is still, at the same time, is indebted to it.