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1
Chen, Lei, Xueyan Bao, Gang Guo, Wenjie Huo, Qingfang Xu, Cong Wang, Qinghong Li, and Qiang Liu. "Effects of Hydrolysable Tannin with or without Condensed Tannin on Alfalfa Silage Fermentation Characteristics and In Vitro Ruminal Methane Production, Fermentation Patterns, and Microbiota." Animals 11, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 1967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11071967.
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This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of hydrolysable tannin (chestnut tannin, CHT) without or with condensed tannin (quebracho tannin, QT) for modulating alfalfa silage fermentation characteristics and in vitro ruminal methane (CH4) production, fermentation profile, and microbiota. Alfalfa (235 g/kg fresh weight) was ensiled with no tannins (control), 2% CHT (CHT2), 5% CHT (CHT5), the combination of CHT and QT at 1% each (CHQ2), and CHT and QT at 2.5% each (CHQ5) of forage dry matter (DM). The CHQ2 treatment was more effective in reducing DM losses, pH, and ammonia–nitrogen to total nitrogen ratios of alfalfa silage than CHT2 and CHT5 treatments. All tannin treatments decreased ruminal CH4 production, and the magnitude of the decrease was greater for the combinations than the individual ones. Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations and DM degradation decreased by tannin treatments, but microbial protein (MCP) synthesis increased. The total VFA concentrations and DM degradation were lower with CHQ2 treatment than with CHT5 and CHQ5 treatments, but the MCP concentrations were comparable among these treatments. Tannin inclusion decreased the abundance of the anaerobic fungi Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, but enhanced Fibrobacter succinogenes. The combination of CHT and QT alleviated the inhibition of CHT supply alone in Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Ruminobacer amylophilus, and Prevotella ruminicola as well as protease. The results revealed that a combination of HT from CHT and CT from QT at a low level can reduce proteolysis and CH4 production of alfalfa silage without impairing ruminal fermentation and microbiota.
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Duvernoy, C., J. Martin, K. Briesmiester, A. Bargardi, O. Muzik, and L. Mosca. "Myocardial Blood Flow and Flow Reserve in Response to Hormone Therapy in Postmenopausal Women with Risk Factors for Coronary Disease." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 89, no. 6 (June 1, 2004): 2783–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-031674.
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Abstract Estrogen has beneficial effects on markers of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, but may increase overall CHD events. The effects of hormone therapy on vascular endothelial function have been mixed, and require further assessment. We studied the myocardial blood flow (MBF) response to postmenopausal combination hormone therapy (CHT) in postmenopausal women with risk factors for CHD. We performed dynamic [13N]ammonia positron emission tomography in 15 postmenopausal women in a 7-month placebo-controlled crossover trial of continuous conjugated equine estrogen/cyclical micronized progesterone. MBF was measured at rest, after sympathetic stimulation with the cold pressor test (CPT), and after iv adenosine infusion, to determine baseline, endothelium-dependent, and maximal flows, respectively. Response to CPT was neutral in all women at baseline (−0.51 ± 27%). Adenosine induced a marked increase in MBF (161 ± 111%). Treatment with 3 months of combined estrogen/progestin CHT did not change CPT or adenosine MBF responses. Myocardial flow reserve was unchanged as well. In this group of postmenopausal women at higher cardiovascular risk, no association was found between CHT assignment and change in MBF. Further study is needed to clarify the effects of CHT on the endothelium of women with presumably diseased vasculature.
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Susnjar, Snezana, and Zora Neskovic-Konstantinovic. "Estrogen receptor as the predictive factor for response to chemotherapy in breast cancer." Archive of Oncology 14, no. 3-4 (2006): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aoo0604156s.
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It has generally been accepted that breast cancer (BC) cells are equally responsive to chemotherapy (CHT) irrespective of ER status. However, subset analyses of disease outcome in recently reported trials on neoadjuvant and adjuvant CHT brought new information about the issue. The subject of this paper is to review these data and to communicate our own results. NSABP B27 was designed to evaluate if adding of docetaxel (D) to conventional neoadjuvant doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide (AC) CHT improves the clinical response rate (cRR) and pathological RR (pRR) in BC patients treated with 4 AC cycles only. Although the adding of D to AC C.T significantly improved RR in both ER-negative and ER-positive BC patients, the pCR was significantly higher in ER-negative than in ER-positive group (16.7% vs. 8.3%) irrespective which regimen was used. ECTO trial and several neoadjuvant studies confirmed the significantly inferior RR to neoadjuvant C.T in ER-positive compared to ER-negative BC patients. Three large randomized Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) studies (CALGB 8541, CALGB 9344, and CALGB 9741) compared the efficacy of different adjuvant anthracycline-containing or anthracycline/taxane-containing regimens in BC patients. The absolute benefit in 5-year disease-free survival in ER-negative and ER-positive BC patients treated with adjuvant C.T were 22.8% and 7.0%, while corresponding absolute benefits in overall survival were 16.7% and 4.0%. The concept of equal sensitivity of ER-negative and ER-positive BC to CHT has been changing. The future task is to find BC patients with ER-positive BC with no benefit from CHT in whom endocrine therapy is the therapy of first choice. .
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Pokataev, Ilya, Igor Bazin, Mikhail Fedyanin, Alexey Tryakin, Anna Popova, Alexey Rumyantsev, Olga Sekhina, Yury Patutko, Igor Fainstein, and Sergei Tjulandin. "Clinical predictors of second-line chemotherapy (ChT) benefit in pancreatic cancer (PC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e15733-e15733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e15733.
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e15733 Background: Second line ChT is shown to improve outcome in selected patients with PC; however there are no approved models predicting its benefit. This retrospective study was aimed to evaluate prognostic factors in patients with PC who had disease progression following 1st line ChT and their value in prediction of 2nd line ChT benefit. Methods: Records of PC patients treated in N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center since 2000 to 2015 were analyzed. Inclusion criteria for this retrospective analysis were: morphologically confirmed PC, disease progression after 1st line ChT or adjuvant / induction ChT with ChT-free interval <6 months. The most common clinical factors were evaluated for prognostic significance in the Cox proportional hazards model with overall survival (OS) as the end-point. OS was calculated from the date of progression following previous ChT. Cutoff values for quantitative variables were determined using ROC curve analyses. Results: Records of 172 patients matched the inclusion criteria. Second line ChT was administered in 110 (64%) patients (47% of them received gemcitabine- and/or platinum-based doublets). The Cox multivariate analysis identified two independent prognostic factors: Karnofsky performance status (KPS) ≤70% and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) >5 at the time of disease progression after 1st line ChT (Table). Administration of 2nd line ChT improved outcome of patients with favorable prognosis (score ≤1): median OS increased from 1.7 to 5.5 months in groups without (n=23) and with (n=90) ChT, respectively (p=0.02). In patients with poor prognosis (score>1) there were no benefit by administration of 2nd line ChT: medians OS were 2.3 and 1.7 months in groups with (n=20) and without (n=39) ChT, respectively (p=0.23). Conclusions: This novel prognostic model can potentially predict 2nd line ChT benefit in patients with PC, however it needs to be validated in further trials. [Table: see text]
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Kumari, G. Vanitha, S. Asha, A. Nimrodh Ananth, M. A. Jothi Rajan, and T. Mathavan. "Electrical Property of Anchored Chitosan/Silver on Reduced Graphene Oxide Aerogel." Advanced Science Letters 24, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 5552–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2018.12147.
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Silver (Ag)/chitosan (CHT) functionalized Reduced graphene oxide aerogel was fabricated. CHT/Ag decorated reduced graphene oxide aerogel (RGOA) was characterized using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy were explaining the surface morphology of CHT/Ag/RGOA. Physical techniques such as, spectroscopy and microscopy spectrum confirms the noncovalent interaction between graphene oxide layers and also the electrostatic interaction between Ag and CHT, RGOA. Electrostatically interacted Ag and CHT could enhance the properties of RGOA. The DC electrical conductivity of the CHT/Ag wrapped RGOA investigated from I–V characteristics using keithly source meter. Thus, results indicate CHT/Ag/RGOA has enhanced electrical conductivity due to the influence of interacted silver particles.
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Jeremic, Branislav, Francesc Casas, Pavol Dubinsky, Antonio Gomez-Caamano, Nikola Čihorić, Gregory Videtic, and Miroslav Latinovic. "Combined modality therapy in Stage IIIA non–small cell lung cancer: clarity or confusion despite the highest level of evidence?" Journal of Radiation Research 58, no. 3 (February 24, 2017): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rrx003.
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Abstract Recent years have witnessed a number of clinical trials in Stage IIIA non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comparing (A) induction chemotherapy (CHT) with induction CHT and radiotherapy (RT), each followed by surgery; (B) either induction CHT or induction RT-CHT, each followed by surgery, with definitive RT-CHT (no surgery). Due to the heterogeneity of patient, tumor and treatment characteristics across these trials, various meta-analyses (MAs) have been performed to define the optimal treatment approach in this setting for this clinical presentation. Six such MAs exist. In spite of the differences between MAs, it appears that RT does not add extra benefit to induction CHT administered before surgery, and that a trimodality (i.e. including surgery) regimen is not superior to definitive concurrent RT-CHT. While one can consider both induction CHT followed by surgery and exclusive concurrent RT-CHT as feasible in this setting, lack of pre-treatment predictive factors identifying patients who might preferentially benefit from a surgical approach limits its use to well-planned clinical trials.
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English, Brett A., Martin Appalsamy, Andre Diedrich, Alicia M. Ruggiero, David Lund, Jane Wright, Nancy R. Keller, Katherine M. Louderback, David Robertson, and Randy D. Blakely. "Tachycardia, reduced vagal capacity, and age-dependent ventricular dysfunction arising from diminished expression of the presynaptic choline transporter." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 299, no. 3 (September 2010): H799—H810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00170.2010.
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Healthy cardiovascular function relies on a balanced and responsive integration of noradrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the heart. High-affinity choline uptake by cholinergic terminals is pivotal for efficient ACh production and release. To date, the cardiovascular impact of diminished choline transporter (CHT) expression has not been directly examined, largely due to the transporter's inaccessibility in vivo. Here, we describe findings from cardiovascular experiments using transgenic mice that bear a CHT genetic deficiency. Whereas CHT knockout (CHT−/−) mice exhibit early postnatal lethality, CHT heterozygous (CHT+/−) mice survive, grow, and reproduce normally and exhibit normal spontaneous behaviors. However, the CHT+/− mouse heart displays significantly reduced levels of high-affinity choline uptake accompanied by significantly reduced levels of ACh. Telemeterized recordings of cardiovascular function in these mice revealed tachycardia and hypertension at rest. After treadmill exercise, CHT+/− mice exhibited slower heart rate recovery, consistent with a diminished cholinergic reserve, a contention validated through direct vagal nerve stimulation. Echocardiographic and histological experiments revealed an age-dependent decrease in fractional shortening, increased left ventricular dimensions, and increased ventricular fibrosis, consistent with ventricular dysfunction. These cardiovascular phenotypes of CHT+/− mice encourage an evaluation of humans bearing reduced CHT expression for their resiliency in maintaining proper heart function as well as risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Xiong, Fen, Jun Tu, Tian Mao, Li Yu, Nana Lin, and Hongfei Liao. "Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness in Myopia: An OCT-Based Study in Young Chinese Patients." Journal of Ophthalmology 2020 (May 5, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5896016.
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Myopia is a common cause of visual impairment worldwide. Choroidal thickness (ChT) reflects the characteristic changes in myopic children and may be used as an important index of myopia. The purpose of this study was to investigate ChT and its distribution across the posterior pole in young myopic Chinese patients using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) and to explore the factors associated with it. A total of 402 myopic Chinese patients aged 6–16 years who underwent complete ophthalmic examinations, including those for axial length, cycloplegic refraction, and intraocular pressure, were examined with EDI-OCT. The mean subfoveal ChT was 303.08 ± 76.87 μm and displayed large variations at different positions (p<0.05). The thickest sector was located 3 mm temporally from the fovea. Multivariate regression analysis showed a significant negative correlation of the subfoveal ChT values with axial length (AL), whereas the ChT was moderately influenced by the patient’s sex. AL accounted for 7.9% of the ChT variance, whereas sex explained 9.6% of the ChT variance. In the population aged 11 years and older, AL accounted for 13.1% of the ChT variance. However, in those younger than 11 years, age was the only significant explanatory factor accounting for 5.2% of the ChT variance. In conclusion, we found a significant decrease in ChT with age in myopic children younger than 11 years. The negative association between age and ChT in children aged 11 years and older may be offset by the choroidal thickening mediated by pubertal growth spurts. The positive correlation between ChT and spherical equivalent in myopic adolescents aged 11 years and older suggests that the protective effect of lens thinning against rapid axial elongation disappears with age. Axial elongation becomes the dominant determinant of ChT in this age group.
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Gyasi, Razak M. "Unmasking the Practices of Nurses and Intercultural Health in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Useful Way to Improve Health Care?" Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine 23 (January 1, 2018): 2515690X1879112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515690x18791124.
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In 2001 and 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) published the WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy 2002-2005 and 2014-2023, respectively, to address policy, ethics, quality, and integration of complementary health therapies (CHT). Despite the adoption of these strategic frameworks, sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries largely run dualistic and inclusive health care system. A recent article published in Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice analyzed the role of practicing nurses in CHT integration and intercultural health in an SSA country setting. Drawing on the Complementary and Alternative Medicine Health Belief Questionnaire, the study specifically examined nurses’ knowledge, practices, and attitudes toward CHT. The study revealed that nurses had low knowledge about CHT, which reflected in their ineptitude to engage in professional practices of CHT. In spite of the knowledge deficit, nurses generally held favorable attitudes toward CHT and the majority supported the need for “safe” and evidence-based integrative model. Efforts to improve CHT-related knowledge of nurses may enhance medical integration in SSA. This commentary proposes novel political will and investment in CHT education and research as well as an inclusion of CHT modules in the nurses’ training programs; viabilities to achieve intercultural health and improved care in SSA.
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Belada, David, Lukáš Smolej, Monika Hrudková, Pavla Štěpánková, Alice Sýkorová, Pavel Žák, Jiří Bukač, and Jaroslav Malý. "Addition of Rituximab Significantly Improves Outcomes in Patients with Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma – a Single-center, Retrospective Study." Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 50, no. 2 (2007): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2017.66.
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CHOP chemotherapy has been used as a standard first-line treatment for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma since the 1970s. Phase III trials have shown that the addition of rituximab (R) to CHOP chemotherapy leads to significant improvements in response rate, progression-free survival and overall survival. This single-center, retrospective study was performed to evaluate the role of the addition of R to chemotherapy (CHT) in a real-world clinical setting. Outcomes were assessed in 85 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL treated with CHT alone (n=38) and R-CHT (n=47). Complete response (CR) rates were significantly higher after R-CHT than CHT (93 % vs. 73 %; p=0.02). The relapse rate was significantly higher after CHT compared with R-CHT (38 % versus 12 %; p=0.01). Progression-free survival was significantly extended by the addition of R (median not reached versus 26.1 months; p=0.04). These data bring further support for rituximab- based immunochemotherapy as a standard first-line therapy for patients with DLBCL.
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Demircivi, Pelin, and Esra Bilgin Simsek. "Fabrication of Zr-doped TiO2/chitosan composite catalysts with enhanced visible-light-mediated photoactivity for the degradation of Orange II dye." Water Science and Technology 78, no. 3 (July 3, 2018): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.298.
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Abstract Zirconium/titanium/chitosan (Zr/Ti/CHT) composite catalysts were synthesized by sol-gel method using different chitosan amounts (5–20 wt.%) and their activity in the photocatalytic degradation of Orange II dye was evaluated for the first time. The results were compared with Zr/Ti, Zr/CHT and Ti/CHT catalysts. The composite catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. XRD analysis revealed that the Zr/Ti/CHT composite catalyst showed high crystallinity of anatase TiO2 phase. Photocatalytic experiments showed that adding CHT into the catalyst structure increased the photocatalytic degradation under visible light irradiation. Also, the first-order reaction rate constant, kapp, was calculated using the Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L-H) equation. The kapp values were found to be 0.009, 0.0013, 0.012 and 0.014 min−1 for Zr/Ti, Zr/CHT, Ti/CHT and Zr/Ti/CHT, respectively. According to stability tests, after the first cycle Orange II dye degradation was found to be 95%, while it was 37% after the fifth cycle. The results showed that the composite catalyst could be used several times for Orange II dye degradation.
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Mandal, Sudhamoy, Itishree Kar, Arup K. Mukherjee, and Priyambada Acharya. "Elicitor-Induced Defense Responses inSolanum lycopersicumagainstRalstonia solanacearum." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/561056.
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We investigated on important parameters of induced resistance in hydroponic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) againstRalstonia solanacearumusing the elicitors chitosan (CHT), salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA). The increase in total phenolic content of roots by the elicitors was significantly higher than control. Most pronounced increase in lignin synthesis was triggered by SA followed by CHT. At 24 h post-elicitation (hpe), the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase was 4.5 times higher than control elicited by CHT. The peroxidase activity was about 86 nkat/mg protein at 24 hpe in case of SA and 78 nkat/mg protein in case of CHT. The activity of polyphenol oxidase increased several folds by the elicitors. Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity increased to the maximum at 48 hpe under the influence of CHT. The results indicate that the elicitors SA and CHT induced effective defense responses in tomato plants againstR. solanacearum. This was evident from reduced vascular browning and wilting symptoms of tomato plants treated with SA and CHT and challenged subsequently withR. solanacearum. This reduced disease incidence in tomato by SA and CHT may be a result of cell wall strengthening through deposition of lignin and the coincident induction of defense enzymes.
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Okawa, Hiroaki, Missaka M. P. Wijayagunawardane, Peter L. A. M. Vos, Osamu Yamato, Masayasu Taniguchi, and Mitsuhiro Takagi. "Effects of Intrauterine Infusion of a Chitosan Solution on Recovery and Subsequent Reproductive Performance of Early Postpartum Dairy Cows with Endometritis: A Pilot Field Trial." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010197.
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This study investigated the efficacy of intrauterine infusion of a chitosan solution (CHT) on uterine recovery in early postpartum dairy cows with or without endometritis, and their subsequent reproductive performance. In Experiment 1, cows with endometritis at 3 weeks postpartum were administered CHT (n = 5) and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) (n = 4). Untreated cows (n = 7) served as the control group. In Experiment 2, 18 cows with a normally recovered uterus at the fresh cow check (mean, 35 days postpartum) were assigned to the CHT (n = 10) and control (n = 8) groups, and intrauterine infusion was conducted in the CHT group. Overall, in Experiment 1, the percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes significantly declined in the CHT group (32.3 ± 10.2 to 5.5 ± 2.4, p < 0.05) from week 3 to week 5, but no decline occurred in the PGF2α and control groups. In Experiment 2, the CHT and control groups showed no significant differences in reproductive parameters, suggesting the absence of adverse effects of CHT on fertility. These results suggest that intrauterine infusion of CHT in the early postpartum period effectively accelerates uterine recovery from endometritis and might be a suitable replacement for PGF2α administration.
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Czékus, Zalán, Péter Poór, Irma Tari, and Attila Ördög. "Effects of Light and Daytime on the Regulation of Chitosan-Induced Stomatal Responses and Defence in Tomato Plants." Plants 9, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9010059.
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Closure of stomata upon pathogenesis is among the earliest plant immune responses. However, our knowledge is very limited about the dependency of plant defence responses to chitosan (CHT) on external factors (e.g., time of the day, presence, or absence of light) in intact plants. CHT induced stomatal closure before dark/light transition in leaves treated at 17:00 hrs and stomata were closed at 09:00 hrs in plants treated at dawn and in the morning. CHT was able to induce generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in guard cells in the first part of the light phase, but significant nitric oxide production was observable only at 15:00 hrs. The actual quantum yield of PSII electron transport (ΦPSII) decreased upon CHT treatments at 09:00 hrs in guard cells but it declined only at dawn in mesophyll cells after the treatment at 17:00 hrs. Expression of Pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1) and Ethylene Response Factor 1 were already increased at dawn in the CHT-treated leaves but PR1 expression was inhibited in the dark. CHT-induced systemic response was also observed in the distal leaves of CHT-treated ones. Our results suggest a delayed and daytime-dependent defence response of tomato plants after CHT treatment at night and under darkness.
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Fontaine, Marine, David Gaucher, Arnaud Sauer, and Claude Speeg-Schatz. "Choroidal Thickness and Ametropia in Children: A Longitudinal Study." European Journal of Ophthalmology 27, no. 6 (July 6, 2017): 730–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ejo.5000965.
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Purpose To determine the relationship of subfoveal choroidal thickness (ChT), refraction, and axial length in children, and evaluate the evolution of subfoveal ChT with time in myopic versus nonmyopic eyes. Methods A total of 229 eyes of 115 children aged 2 to 16 years were included in the study. Refraction under cycloplegia, axial length, and subfoveal ChT were measured at baseline with comparative investigations at 15 months follow-up. Results The probability for the subfoveal ChT to be thinner in myopic children compared to nonmyopic children was 0.9999. We found a relation between subfoveal ChT and axial length. At 15 months follow-up, subfoveal ChT was found to have increased in the nonmyopic eyes, but decreased in myopic patients. Conclusions A number of studies have already shown the choroid to play an important role in the process of emmetropization. We found that ChT had a different evolution in myopic children compared to nonmyopic children. A thinner choroid may predict the onset, or progression, of myopia. Further studies, with longer follow-up, are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.
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Vishal, Vishal Payyalot, Jong Min Oh, Ahmed Khames, Mohamed A. Abdelgawad, Aathira Sujathan Nair, Lekshmi R. Nath, Nicola Gambacorta, et al. "Trimethoxylated Halogenated Chalcones as Dual Inhibitors of MAO-B and BACE-1 for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 6 (June 8, 2021): 850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13060850.
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Six halogenated trimethoxy chalcone derivatives (CH1–CH6) were synthesized and spectrally characterized. The compounds were further evaluated for their inhibitory potential against monoamine oxidases (MAOs) and β-secretase (BACE-1). Six compounds inhibited MAO-B more effectively than MAO-A, and the 2′,3′,4′-methoxy moiety in CH4–CH6 was more effective for MAO-B inhibition than the 2′,4′,6′-methoxy moiety in CH1–CH3. Compound CH5 most potently inhibited MAO-B, with an IC50 value of 0.46 µM, followed by CH4 (IC50 = 0.84 µM). In 2′,3′,4′-methoxy derivatives (CH4-CH6), the order of inhibition was –Br in CH5 > -Cl in CH4 > -F in CH6 at the para-position in ring B of chalcone. CH4 and CH5 were selective for MAO-B, with selectivity index (SI) values of 15.1 and 31.3, respectively, over MAO-A. CH4 and CH5 moderately inhibited BACE-1 with IC50 values of 13.6 and 19.8 µM, respectively. When CH4 and CH5 were assessed for their cell viability studies on the normal African Green Monkey kidney cell line (VERO) using MTT assays, it was noted that both compounds were found to be safe, and only a slightly toxic effect was observed in concentrations above 200 µg/mL. CH4 and CH5 decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of VERO cells treated with H2O2, indicating both compounds retained protective effects on the cells by antioxidant activities. All compounds showed high blood brain barrier permeabilities analyzed by a parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA). Molecular docking and ADME prediction of the lead compounds provided more insights into the rationale behind the binding and the CNS drug likeness. From non-test mutagenicity and cardiotoxicity studies, CH4 and CH5 were non-mutagenic and non-/weak-cardiotoxic. These results suggest that CH4 and CH5 could be considered candidates for the cure of neurological dysfunctions.
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Fossati, R., C. Confalonieri, V. Torri, E. Ghislandi, A. Penna, V. Pistotti, A. Tinazzi, and A. Liberati. "Cytotoxic and hormonal treatment for metastatic breast cancer: a systematic review of published randomized trials involving 31,510 women." Journal of Clinical Oncology 16, no. 10 (October 1998): 3439–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1998.16.10.3439.
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PURPOSE A systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of medical treatment for metastatic breast cancer. METHODS RCTs published between 1975 and 1997 have been classified according to 12 therapeutic comparisons: (1) polychemotherapy (PCHT) agents versus single agent; (2) PCHT regimens with anthracycline versus PCHT without anthracycline; (3) other PCHT versus cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF); (4) chemotherapy (CHT) with epirubicin versus CHT with doxorubicin; (5) CHT versus same CHT delivered with less intensive schedules; (6) other endocrine therapy (OET) versus tamoxifen; (7) OET plus tamoxifen versus tamoxifen alone; (8) OET versus medroxyprogesterone; (9) OET versus aromatase inhibitors; (10) OET versus megestrol; (11) endocrine therapy (ET) versus same ET at lower doses; and (12) CHT plus ET versus CHT. Tumor response rates, mortality hazards ratio (HR) and frequency of severe side effects were the outcome measures. RESULTS A total of 189 eligible trials (31,510 patients) were identified. All provided response rates and 133 (70%) data or survival curves needed for calculation of the HR. In eight of 12 comparisons, statistically significant differences for response emerged (1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12); all but no. 8 favored the first term of the comparison. Overall survival analysis showed better results of (a) PCHT versus single-agent CHT (HR=0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75 to 0.90); (b) CHT with doxorubicin versus CHT with epirubicin (HR=1.13; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.27); (c) CHT versus the same CHT delivered with less intensive schedules (HR=0.90; 95% CI, 0.83 to 0.97); (d) ET versus the same ET at lower doses (HR=0.86; 95% CI, 0.77 to 0.97). Quality of life was measured in only 2,995 of 31,510 patients (9.5%). CONCLUSION Despite some evidence of effectiveness of specific regimens, the relevance of these findings is limited by the modest survival benefit and the lack of evaluation of the quality-of-life impact of these treatments.
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Keshavarzian, Ehsan, Yousef Khalifpour, and Narges Biranvand. "Determining the incidence and risk factors of congenital hypothyroidism based on the specifications of infants in Shadegan city in the period of 2006-2014: a case-control study." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 5 (May 30, 2021): 1641–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211551641.
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Introduction: Congenital Hypothyroidism (CHT) is a condition in which the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is equal to or more than 10 MU/L and the thyroxine hormone (T4) is less than 6.5 M/L. CHT is one of the most important preventable causes of mental retardation in infants. The present study aimed to determine the incidence of CHT and the associated factors. Method: At first, a descriptive research was done to examine the incidence of CHT in the period of 2006-2014 in Shadegan city, Khuzestan province. Then, a case-reference and a case-control study was done to investigate the relationship between CHT and demographic characteristics, environmental factors and medical factors. The cases in this study were neonates with CHT (transient and permanent). The results showed that the venous TSH score for these neonates was equal to or higher than 10 MU/L and their T4 level was lower than 6.5 MU/L. The subjects in the control group were infants that did not suffer from CHT whose venous TSH and T4 scores were lower than 10 MU/L and higher than 6.5 MU/L, respectively. The relationship between the aforementioned factors with the illness was determined using multiple logistic regression statistical model. The SPSS 18 software was used to analyze the findings of this research. Findings: In this study, the incidences of neonatal CHT in Shadegan were 17, 21.5 and 12.59 per thousand newborn infants in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively. Conclusion: The parents' record of consanguineous marriage increases the likelihood of developing CHT; therefore, couples that wish to marry have to be educated and made aware in marriage counseling centers, both in the field of consanguineous marriage and CHT. Keywords: incidence, screening, transient, permanent, congenital hypothyroidism
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Kasch, Mary C., and Brenda Hilfrank. "The International CHT Credential." Journal of Hand Therapy 18, no. 1 (January 2005): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1197/j.jht.2004.11.003.
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Taubenhansl, Clara, Olaf Ortmann, Michael Gerken, Elisabeth C. Inwald, and Monika Klinkhammer-Schalke. "Guideline-concordant chemotherapy in patients with hormone receptor-positive and node-positive, early breast cancer leads to better overall and metastases-free survival with limited benefit in elderly patients." Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 301, no. 2 (November 20, 2019): 573–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00404-019-05387-3.
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Abstract Purpose The German guideline for breast cancer recommends using chemotherapy (CHT) in patients with hormone receptor-positive and node-positive, invasive breast cancer. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of CHT in this patient group on overall survival (OS) and distant metastases-free survival (DMFS), especially considering the 70-year threshold. Methods 1772 patients from the clinical cancer registry Regensburg (Germany) with hormone receptor-positive and node-positive, invasive breast cancer diagnosed between 2003 and 2013 were analysed in a retrospective cohort study. OS and DMFS were evaluated by means of Kaplan–Meier and multivariable Cox-regression method. Results were further examined according to age at diagnosis. Results The comparison of 1544 patients with CHT to 228 patients without CHT showed a significant benefit for CHT regarding 5-year OS (91.3% vs. 76.8%) and 5-year DMFS (86.7% vs. 74.4%, both p < 0.001). Likewise, better OS and DMFS were seen in patients aged < 70 years using CHT compared to patients without CHT of the same age. Patients aged ≥ 70 years with CHT had a minimal benefit regarding 5-year OS compared to patients without CHT, but no advantage considering DMFS. All results were confirmed in multivariable analyses except for patients being ≥ 70 years of age. Conclusion Patients with hormone receptor-positive and node-positive, invasive breast cancer benefit from chemotherapy with regard to a significantly better overall and distant metastases-free survival, although chemotherapy use in patients aged ≥ 70 years results in a smaller benefit considering OS and no benefit considering DMFS.
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Malmir, Narges, Najaf Allahyari Fard, Yamkela Mgwatyu, and Lukhanyo Mekuto. "Cyanide Hydratase Modification Using Computational Design and Docking Analysis for Improved Binding Affinity in Cyanide Detoxification." Molecules 26, no. 6 (March 23, 2021): 1799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061799.
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Cyanide is a hazardous and detrimental chemical that causes the inactivation of the respiration system through the inactivation of cytochrome c oxidase. Because of the limitation in the number of cyanide-degrading enzymes, there is a great demand to design and introduce new enzymes with better functionality. This study developed an integrated method of protein-homology-modelling and ligand-docking protein-design approaches that reconstructs a better active site from cyanide hydratase (CHT) structure. Designing a mutant CHT (mCHT) can improve the CHT performance. A computational design procedure that focuses on mutation for constructing a new model of cyanide hydratase with better activity was used. In fact, this study predicted the three-dimensional (3D) structure of CHT for subsequent analysis. Inducing mutation on CHT of Trichoderma harzianum was performed and molecular docking was used to compare protein interaction with cyanide as a ligand in both CHT and mCHT. By combining multiple designed mutations, a significant improvement in docking for CHT was obtained. The results demonstrate computational capabilities for enhancing and accelerating enzyme activity. The result of sequence alignment and homology modeling show that catalytic triad (Cys-Glu-Lys) was conserved in CHT of Trichoderma harzianum. By inducing mutation in CHT structure, MolDock score enhanced from −18.1752 to −23.8575, thus the nucleophilic attack can occur rapidly by adding Cys in the catalytic cavity and the total charge of protein in pH 6.5 is increased from −6.0004 to −5.0004. Also, molecular dynamic simulation shows a stable protein-ligand complex model. These changes would help in the cyanide degradation process by mCHT.
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Tayel, Ahmed A., Aml F. Elzahy, Shaaban H. Moussa, Mohammed S. Al-Saggaf, and Amany M. Diab. "Biopreservation of Shrimps Using Composed Edible Coatings from Chitosan Nanoparticles and Cloves Extract." Journal of Food Quality 2020 (October 13, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8878452.
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Shrimps are highly valuable and perishable foodstuff that could be rapidly spoiled. Chitosan (Cht) was extracted and transformed into nanoparticles (NPs) via ionic gelation and fortified with cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) buds extract (CLE) for usage as antimicrobial composites against food-borne bacterial pathogens (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus) and as edible coating (EC) for shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) biopreservation throughout refrigerated storage. The synthesized CLE/Cht-NPs were electrostatically cross-linked and appeared with spherical shapes and homogenized distribution, with 159.4 nm mean size diameter and positive charge of 17.4 mV. The entire agents (Cht-NPs, CLE, and CLE/Cht-NPs) exhibited remarkable antibacterial activities toward all food-borne pathogens; CLE/Cht-NPs were significantly the most forceful. The scanning micrographs of treated S. typhimurium with CLE/Cht-NPs displayed NPs ability to attach and destroy bacterial cells. The ECs-treated shrimps exhibited sharp decrease in microbial groups load (aerobic microorganisms, E. coli, Enterobacteriaceae, and staphylococci) during refrigerated storage (4 ± 1°C) for 10 days. Additionally, the sensorial attributes (appearance, odor, color, and texture) of EC-treated samples preserved their elevated qualities for storage duration. The most effective EC blend contained 1.5% from Cht/NPs and 1.0% from CLE. The CLE/Cht-NPs could be impressively recommended as effectual natural composites for shrimps’ biopreservation during cold storage.
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Zhao, Yue. "Experiment and Research for Calculation of Efficiency Transmission of CHT-100 Type Circulating Power of the Efficiency Transmission Gear Experiment Set." Applied Mechanics and Materials 345 (August 2013): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.345.154.
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According to the conclusion of Doubts of Calculation of Efficiency Transmission of CHT-100 Type Circulating Power of the Efficiency Transmission Gear Experiment Set [, the structure and mechanical analysis of the loader of CHT-100 type circulating power of the efficiency transmission gear experiment set, it gives the new equation of gear transmission efficiency of CHT-100 type circulating power of the efficiency transmission gear experiment set. And through experimental data processing for three different gear transmission efficiency equations of CHT-100 type circulating power of the efficiency transmission gear experiment set, according to the experimental data processing results it proves the correctness of the new equation of gear transmission efficiency of CHT-100 type circulating power of the efficiency transmission gear experiment set.
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Gong, Ying, Siwen Li, Weixin Wang, Yiman Li, Wenli Ma, and Shujuan Sun. "In vitro and in vivo activity of chelerythrine against Candida albicans and underlying mechanisms." Future Microbiology 14, no. 18 (December 2019): 1545–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2019-0178.
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Aim: To evaluate whether chelerythrine (CHT) exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans in vitro and in vivo and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Materials & methods: Broth microdilution assay and Galleria mellonella model were used to evaluate the antifungal effect in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Mechanism studies were investigated by morphogenesis observation, Fluo-3/AM, DCFH-DA and rhodamine6G assay, respectively. Results: CHT exhibited antifungal activity against C. albicans and preformed biofilms with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 2 to 16 μg/ml. Besides, CHT protected G. mellonella larvae infected by C. albicans. Mechanisms studies revealed that CHT inhibited hyphal growth, increased intracellular calcium concentration, induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and inhibited drug transporter activity. Conclusion: CHT exhibited antifungal activity against C. albicans.
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Yavuz, Ferdi, Bilge Kesikburun, Özlem Öztürk, and Ümüt Güzelküçük. "Serum chitotriosidase and neopterin levels in patients with ankylosing spondylitis." Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease 11 (January 2019): 1759720X1983232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1759720x19832321.
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Background: The aim of this study was to assess the serum chitotriosidase (ChT) and neopterin levels in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and to evaluate whether serum ChT and neopterin levels are related to disease activity. Methods: A total of 86 patients with AS were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups based on Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) scores: The active AS patients group included 40 patients who had a BASDAI score ⩾4. The inactive AS patients group included 46 patients who had a BASDAI score <4. We compared the serum level of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), ChT and neopterin between the two groups. Results: Active AS patients had significantly higher ESR, CRP, serum ChT and neopterin levels compared with the inactive AS patients group ( p < 0.05). Positive correlations were found between serum ChT levels and ESR ( r = 0.87, p = 0.005), and CRP levels ( r = 0.86, p = 0.006). Also, there was a positive significant correlation between serum ChT levels and BASDAI scores ( r = 0.67, p = 0.03). No correlation was found between serum neopterin levels and the BASDAI scores, ESR, and CRP levels ( p > 0.05). Higher disease activity (BASDAI score ⩾4) was found to be associated with ChT ( p = 0.012) in the multiple logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: The present study emphasized that serum ChT levels can be useful in the determination of the disease activity of AS patients.
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Islam, Saniyat, Lyndon Arnold, and Rajiv Padhye. "Wound Dressing Utilising Nonwoven Wool Matrix." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 1534–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.1534.
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Textile substrates can be treated with suitable polymer solutions to enhance the surface functionality. This paper highlights the application of chitosan (CHT) on 100% wool nonwoven matrix using traditional pad-dry-cure method; and its potential application in medical textiles, specifically wound dressing products. 100% wool nonwoven matrices were prepared by a needle punching process and applied with different concentrations of CHT. The blood uptake and antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated for the CHT-treated samples. It was shown that 0.3% CHT-treated samples demonstrated good absorbency and excellent antimicrobial properties.
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Chuc-Gamboa, Martha Gabriela, Rossana Faride Vargas-Coronado, José Manuel Cervantes-Uc, Juan Valerio Cauich-Rodríguez, Diana María Escobar-García, Amaury Pozos-Guillén, and Julio San Román del Barrio. "The Effect of PEGDE Concentration and Temperature on Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Chitosan." Polymers 11, no. 11 (November 7, 2019): 1830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11111830.
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Chitosan (CHT) is a polysaccharide with multiple claimed properties and outstanding biocompatibility, generally attributed to the presence of protonable amino groups rendering a cationic natural polymer. However, the effect of changes in CHT structure due to hydration is not considered in its performance. This study compares the effects on biocompatibility after drying at 25 °C and 150 °C scaffolds of chitosan, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) crosslinked CHT (low, medium and high concentration) and glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinked CHT. PEGDE crosslinked CHT showed a reduction in free amino groups and the amide I/II ratio, which exhaustive drying reduced further. In X-ray diffraction (DRX) analysis, PEGDE crosslinked CHT showed multiple peaks, whereas the crystallinity percentage was reduced with an increase in PEGDE concentration and thermal treatments at 150 °C. In a direct contact cell assay, high osteoblast viability was achieved at low and medium PEDGE concentrations, which was improved when the crosslinked scaffolds were thermally treated at 150 °C. This was attributed to its partial hydrophilicity, low crystallinity and low surface roughness; this in spite of the small reduction in the amount of free amino groups on the surface induced during drying at 150 °C. Furthermore, PEGDE crosslinked CHT scaffolds showed strong vinculin and integrin 1β expression, which render them suitable for bone contact applications.
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Zamagni, C., R. M. Wirtz, P. De Iaco, A. Altimari, K. Roth, F. Rosati, M. Rosati, F. Massari, N. Cacciari, and A. A. Martoni. "Response to primary chemotherapy (CHT) in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients (pts) and molecular characterization of CHT-resistant tumor cell populations: Findings from the Arianna 02 Project." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 16059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.16059.
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16059 Background: Despite a high response rate to CHT the prognosis of pts with advanced EOC remains poor. The molecular analysis of pre- and post-CHT tumor specimen may enable the identification of CHT resistant tumor cell populations and thereby lead to adapted treatment options. Methods: Stage III-IV EOC pts diagnosed by laparoscopy and biopsy and not suitable for optimal debulking surgery were eligible. Gene-expression profiles generated from total RNA using the Affymetrix U133A oligonucleotide microarray containing over 22,000 probe sets were obtained at diagnosis and on surgical specimens after 6 courses of primary carboplatin/paclitaxel CHT. Initial comparative analysis focused on proliferative and invasive tumor activity, and on growth factor- and hormone receptors expression. Results: 30 pts were enrolled and data were analyzed according to response to CHT and to time to relapse after surgery. Initial expression analysis results reveal that the quantitative determination of growth factor- and hormone receptors in pre- and post-treatment samples can be used to discriminate responders from non-responders and relates to clinical outcome. Moreover, multiple CHT-resistant tumor cell populations displayed pronounced estrogen receptor expression suggesting a role of hormone receptors in the development of CHT resistance. Conclusions: While hormonal therapies are used in the treatment of other endocrine related tumors, they are not approved for the treatment of EOC. Treatment of EOC cell lines with estrogens down-regulates GnRH activity and promotes cell growth, while tamoxifen has an opposite effect. However, further biological data are lacking in this setting and only few clinical trials have addressed this possibility so far. We have found that the expression of hormone receptors in vivo persists in CHT-resistant tumor cell populations after CHT for EOC. We suggest that hormone receptor activity contributes to the initial development of CHT resistance; hence endocrine therapies particularly in an early setting may be advantageous to a subset of pts and are worth studying. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Ghimessy, Gellert, Schlegl, Hegedus, Raso, Barbai, Timar, et al. "KRAS Mutations Predict Response and Outcome in Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients Receiving First-Line Bevacizumab and Platinum-Based Chemotherapy." Cancers 11, no. 10 (October 9, 2019): 1514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11101514.
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Bevacizumab, combined with platinum-based chemotherapy, has been widely used in the treatment of advanced-stage lung adenocarcinoma (LADC). Although KRAS (V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) mutation is the most common genetic alteration in human LADC and its role in promoting angiogenesis has been well established, its prognostic and predictive role in the above setting remains unclear. The association between KRAS exon 2 mutational status and clinicopathological variables including progression-free survival and overall survival (PFS and OS, respectively) was retrospectively analyzed in 501 Caucasian stage IIIB-IV LADC patients receiving first-line platinum-based chemotherapy (CHT) with or without bevacizumab (BEV). EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor)-mutant cases were excluded. Of 247 BEV/CHT and 254 CHT patients, 95 (38.5%) and 75 (29.5%) had mutations in KRAS, respectively. KRAS mutation was associated with smoking (p = 0.008) and female gender (p = 0.002) in the BEV/CHT group. We found no difference in OS between patients with KRAS-mutant versus KRAS wild-type tumors in the CHT-alone group (p = 0.6771). Notably, patients with KRAS-mutant tumors demonstrated significantly shorter PFS (p = 0.0255) and OS (p = 0.0186) in response to BEV/CHT compared to KRAS wild-type patients. KRAS mutation was an independent predictor of shorter PFS (hazard ratio, 0.597; p = 0.011) and OS (hazard ratio, 0.645; p = 0.012) in the BEV/CHT group. G12D KRAS-mutant patients receiving BEV/CHT showed significantly shorter PFS (3.7 months versus 8.27 months in the G12/13x group; p = 0.0032) and OS (7.2 months versus 16.1 months in the G12/13x group; p = 0.0144). In this single-center, retrospective study, KRAS-mutant LADC patients receiving BEV/CHT treatment exhibited inferior PFS and OS compared to those with KRAS wild-type advanced LADC. G12D mutations may define a subset of KRAS-mutant LADC patients unsuitable for antiangiogenic therapy with BEV.
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Kovács, A. F., C. Menzel, K. Engels, W. T. Kranert, F. Grünwald, and N. Döbert. "FDG uptake after intraarterial chemotherapy in head and neck cancer." Nuklearmedizin 45, no. 06 (2006): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1625123.
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SummaryAim: The intraarterial chemotherapy (i.a. CHT) using high dose cisplatin combined with systemic neutralization in patients with head and neck cancer (HNSCC) is used to reduce the tumor volume preoperatively. Aim of the study is the evaluation of the influence of i.a. CHT on the metabolism of fluor-18-deoxyglucose (FDG) in the primary and lymph nodes (LN). The value of FDG positron emission tomography (PET) preoperative and as follow-up method after i.a. CHT is examined. Patients, methods: Altogether 16 patients with HNSCC underwent two preoperative FDG PET examinations: the baseline examination one week before and the follow-up three weeks after i.a. CHT. The SUVmax values of the primary and the LN and LN metastases were evaluated and compared with each other and the histopathology. Results: The SUVmax value of the primary decreased after i.a. CHT significantly from a median (25th percentile/ 75th percentile) of 6.4 (4.1/ 7.8) to 3.6 (2.4/ 6.7) (p = 0.01). In 11 out of 16 patients cervical LN metastases were detected. The cervical LN metastases showed a decrease of the SUVmax value from 3.6 (2.3/ 4.8) in the pretreatment examination to 2.3 (1.7/ 3.6) after i.a. CHT (p = 0.008). Only in one patient with LN metastases the SUVmax of the nodes increased. The histopathologically measured size of the LN metastases ranged from 2 to 30 mm. Non malignant LN did not reveal a significant SUVmax decrease after i.a. CHT (p = 0.13). Conclusions: As expected, primaries of HNSCC showed a significant reduction of SUV after i.a. CHT. Compared to the primary the SUVmax decrease in LN metastases was less, but also significant. Since cytotoxic levels of cisplatin do not occur systemic, postinflammatory reactions of the LN or a lymphatic drainage of the chemotherapeutic drug into the LN could be an explanation. PET for staging of HNSCC must thus be performed prior to i.a. CHT.
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Alghuthaymi, Mousa A., Amany M. Diab, Aml F. Elzahy, Khaled E. Mazrou, Ahmed A. Tayel, and Shaaban H. Moussa. "Green Biosynthesized Selenium Nanoparticles by Cinnamon Extract and Their Antimicrobial Activity and Application as Edible Coatings with Nano-Chitosan." Journal of Food Quality 2021 (March 18, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6670709.
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Bioactive nanocomposites were constructed, containing chitosan (Cht), extracted from shrimps’ wastes, and transformed into nanoparticles (NPs) using ionic-gelation. Selenium NPs (Se-NPs) were phytosynthesized using cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) bark extract (CIE), characterized and evaluated with Cht-NPs as antimicrobial composites against bacterial food-borne pathogens “Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes” and as potential edible coating (EC) basements. The CIE-phytosynthesized Se-NPs had well-distributed and spherical shapes with 23.2 nm mean diameter. The CIE, CIE/Se-NPs, and innovative CIE/Se/Cht-NP composites exhibited distinguished antibacterial actions toward the entire screened pathogens; CIE/Se/Cht-NP composite was significantly the most potent. The formulated ECs from CIE/Se/Cht-NP nanocomposites had matching antibacterial manner, which was strengthened with CIE/Se-NP percentage increments. Scanning micrographs indicated the attachment of CIE/Se-NPs to bacterial cells to cause their complete lysis and death after 10 h of exposure. CIE/Se/Cht-NP composites are proposed as effectual control agents toward food-borne pathogens using efficient biological carriers and eco-friendly phytosynthesis protocol.
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LeRouge, Cynthia M., Hyeyoung Hah, Gloria J. Deckard, and Haoqiang Jiang. "Designing for the Co-Use of Consumer Health Technology in Self-Management of Adolescent Overweight and Obesity: Mixed Methods Qualitative Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 6 (June 29, 2020): e18391. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18391.
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Background Overweight and obesity in adolescents has reached epidemic proportions in the United States. Consumer health technology (CHT) can serve as a behavioral and social support tool for the management of overweight in adolescence. Recognizing CHT as a social support tool during design enables input from multiple stakeholders who engage in shared co-use to reinforce and empower adolescents in their self-management efforts. Objective This study aimed to explore design requirements and enabling factors for the use of CHT as a social support tool for patients (as primary users) and parents and health care providers (as co-users). Our model incorporates key components of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) within the framework of the obesity care model (OCM) by recognizing patient self-management as the central process with the influence of their care support network on CHT use and outcomes. Methods This study was part of a larger two-staged usability study combining focus group, semistructured interviews, and usability walkthroughs of CHT mockups from adolescents (BMI in the 85th-99th percentile range), parents, and physicians. In phase 1, 48 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 years, 10 of their parents, and 6 health care providers participated in identifying design requirements and enabling factors for the use of a potential CHT. In phase 2, 70 adolescents and 10 health care providers evaluated the CHT mockups and indicated enabling factors and willingness to use the proposed CHT. Results Our qualitative analysis identified adolescents’ intention for the use of CHT in alignment with UTAUT elements of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and facilitating conditions. Our reconceptualization of social influence identified the expectations and envisioned roles of parents and health care providers as co-users and influencing factors on the co-use of CHT in managing overweight in adolescence. Parents were expected to monitor, to provide guidance and motivation, and to suggest modifications in daily habits, for example, recipes and meals, whereas health care providers were expected to encourage and monitor progress in a clinical setting. These expected roles and co-use patterns were congruent among all 3 stakeholders; the co-use of CHT was desired to be minimally invasive for parents and health care providers and controlled by the adolescents. Conclusions Our study integrates and extends the perspectives of 2 seminal models to explore design features and social influence roles for the successful user-centered design of CHT for weight self-management in adolescents. Although the co-users (ie, adolescents, parents, health care providers) suggested differing features consistent with their roles, role definitions were congruent. All users recognized the adolescent as the primary user with differential, supportive use from parents and health care providers. This multistakeholder approach can guide successful CHT design that reinforces the collective perspective of self-management.
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Zakim, David, Helge Brandberg, Sami El Amrani, Andreas Hultgren, Natalia Stathakarou, Sokratis Nifakos, Thomas Kahan, Jonas Spaak, Sabine Koch, and Carl Johan Sundberg. "Computerized history-taking improves data quality for clinical decision-making—Comparison of EHR and computer-acquired history data in patients with chest pain." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 27, 2021): e0257677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257677.
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Patients’ medical histories are the salient dataset for diagnosis. Prior work shows consistently, however, that medical history-taking by physicians generally is incomplete and not accurate. Such findings suggest that methods to improve the completeness and accuracy of medical history data could have clinical value. We address this issue with expert system software to enable automated history-taking by computers interacting directly with patients, i.e. computerized history-taking (CHT). Here we compare the completeness and accuracy of medical history data collected and recorded by physicians in electronic health records (EHR) with data collected by CHT for patients presenting to an emergency room with acute chest pain. Physician history-taking and CHT occurred at the same ED visit for all patients. CHT almost always preceded examination by a physician. Data fields analyzed were relevant to the differential diagnosis of chest pain and comprised information obtainable only by interviewing patients. Measures of data quality were completeness and consistency of negative and positive findings in EHR as compared with CHT datasets. Data significant for the differential of chest pain was missing randomly in all EHRs across all data items analyzed so that the dimensionality of EHR data was limited. CHT files were near complete for all data elements reviewed. Separate from the incompleteness of EHR data, there were frequent factual inconsistencies between EHR and CHT data across all data elements. EHR data did not contain representations of symptoms that were consistent with those reported by patients during CHT. Trial registration: This study is registered at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov (unique identifier: NCT03439449).
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Videtic, Gregory MM, Carolyn Campbell, and Mark D. Vincent. "Primary Chemoradiation as Definitive Treatment for Unresectable Cancer of the Trachea." Canadian Respiratory Journal 10, no. 3 (2003): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2003/382026.
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A 64-year-old man was diagnosed with unresectable cancer of the trachea. He was treated definitively with a novel chemoradiation regimen. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy (ChT) was given for two cycles as induction, followed by concurrent administration of this ChT with external beam radiotherapy (RT) (total dose 60 Gy). An unexpected partial tumour response was noted after the induction of ChT alone. Six weeks after finishing ChT/RT, complete response of the lesion was noted on computed tomography imaging. Two years later, the patient was free of disease. Primary chemoradiation appears to be effective in managing locally advanced tracheal cancer.
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McGrath, Niamh, Colin P. Hawkes, Philip Mayne, and Nuala P. Murphy. "Permanent Decompensated Congenital Hypothyroidism in Newborns with Whole-Blood Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Concentrations between 8 and 10 mU/L: The Case for Lowering the Threshold." Hormone Research in Paediatrics 89, no. 4 (2018): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000488288.
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Background: Congenital hypothyroidism (CHT) has a reported incidence of approximately 1 in 2,000–4,000 births. There is no consensus on the optimal cut-off whole-blood thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration that should be used for newborn screening (NBS). The NBS programme in the Republic of Ireland has used a cut-off of 8 mU/L since 1979. The aim of this study was to determine if raising the cut-off to 10 mU/L would have resulted in undetected cases of permanent or decompensated CHT. Methods: All cases of CHT with a screening whole-blood TSH concentration between 8.0 and 9.9 mU/L were identified from the Republic of Ireland’s NBS programme. Baseline demographics and imaging results were recorded. All cases over 3 years of age were evaluated to determine if CHT was permanent or transient. Results: Of 2,361,174 infants screened in the Republic of Ireland between July 1979 and December 2016, a total of 1,063 babies were diagnosed with CHT and treated with levothyroxine. This included 33 (3.5%) infants with a whole-blood TSH concentration between 8 and 9.9 mU/L. Thirteen of these 33 infants had decompensated hypothyroidism with low plasma free thyroxine level at diagnosis and 9 (41%) of the 21 evaluable cases have confirmed permanent CHT. Conclusion: Although lowering screening TSH cut-offs can increase the cost of NBS, as well as anxiety for families, many infants with borderline increases in whole-blood TSH concentrations on NBS have persistent CHT and low thyroxine concentrations in infancy. We recommend that this is considered when developing and reviewing NBS protocols for identifying infants with CHT.
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Kapur, Raj P., Philipp W. Raess, Samuel Hwang, and Conrad Winter. "Choline Transporter Immunohistochemistry." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 20, no. 4 (March 23, 2017): 308–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1093526617697060.
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Acetylcholinesterase enzymatic histochemistry (AChE EHC), which highlights abnormal cholinergic nerves in the mucosa of aganglionic bowel, has been used for decades to evaluate rectal biopsies for Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). While useful diagnostically, AChE EHC is not compatible with conventional formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues and is not widely available. The choline transporter (ChT) is a putative alternative marker of cholinergic nerves. ChT immunohistochemistry (IHC) was investigated using FFPE biopsies and resections from patients with confirmed HSCR, as well as appropriate non-HSCR controls. ChT immunostaining was effective at identifying cases with HSCR and qualitatively similar to AChE EHC on frozen section. Among 3 pathologists, the diagnostic positive and negative predictive values based on ChT IHC ranged from 0.84–0.94 and 0.85–0.89, respectively, with good inter-observer agreement (Cohen kappa = 0.70–0.90). ChT IHC was useful in unusual scenarios in which calretinin (CR) IHC failed to correctly identify patients with HSCR. In 10 cases of short-segment HSCR, abnormal ChT+ mucosal innervation was present through the entire aganglionic segment and into portions of the TZ with submucosal nerve hypertrophy. In contrast, mucosal CR IHC was retained in the TZ and adjacent aganglionic bowel, which could lead to misinterpretation of a biopsy as ganglionic bowel. Indeed, 6 such patients were identified with paradoxical CR-positive mucosal innervation in their diagnostic biopsies. ChT IHC was interpreted as unequivocal HSCR in these cases, and HSCR was confirmed on resection. In summary, ChT IHC in FFPE tissue demonstrates high positive and negative predictive values for HSCR, is superior to CR IHC in a subset of cases, and can be incorporated into routine practice without the need for specialized techniques.
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Styczewska, Małgorzata, Małgorzata A. Krawczyk, Ines B. Brecht, Konrad Haug, Ewa Iżycka-Świeszewska, Jan Godziński, Anna Raciborska, et al. "The Role of Chemotherapy in Management of Inoperable, Metastatic and/or Recurrent Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy—Own Experience and Systematic Review." Cancers 13, no. 15 (July 31, 2021): 3872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13153872.
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Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy (MNTI) is a very rare pediatric neoplasm of neural crest origin. In most cases, it develops in infants as a localized tumor of the maxilla, and surgery is usually curative. In less than 10% of patients with inoperable, metastatic or persistently recurring MNTI, chemotherapy (CHT) may be considered; however, its role is still unclear. The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy of CHT in children with large, inoperable, metastatic and/or recurrent MNTI. Four such infants, treated with CHT in Polish and German centers of pediatric oncology, were presented. Additionally, a systematic literature search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science databases was performed, yielding 38 similar cases within the last 42 years. Neoadjuvant CHT, based mainly on the protocols for neuroblastoma, was often effective, allowing for complete delayed surgery in most cases. However, the role of adjuvant CHT in preventing recurrences after incomplete resection of MNTI remains unclear. Disseminated inoperable MNTI was almost universally associated with poor response to CHT and unfavorable outcome. Further investigations to elaborate standards of management in patients with inoperable, metastatic or persistently recurring MNTIs are necessary to improve outcomes.
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Balalakshmi, Chinnasamy, Naiyf S. Alharbi, Shine Kadaikunnan, Jamal M. Khaled, Khalid F. Alanzi, Kasi Gopinath, Ayyakannu Arumugam, and Marimuthu Govindarajan. "Development of chitosan/agar-silver nanoparticles-coated paper for antibacterial application." Green Processing and Synthesis 9, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 751–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2020-0070.
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AbstractThe radical proliferation of pathogenic bacteria and their infections causes significant issues for human health and the environment. Today, biopolymers are used to produce different nanoparticles. In the present investigation, the fabricated chitosan/agar-silver nanoparticles (Cht/Ar-AgNPs)-coated papers were tested for antibacterial applications. Agar was used as a reducing agent for the synthesis of AgNPs. Synthesized Ar-AgNPs were examined through optical, phase crystallinity and topological analysis. Cht and Ar-AgNPs solution was mixed with various ratios of 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, and 5:5 by weight. In addition to that, the conformity of Cht/Ar-AgNPs-coated papers was characterized by structural, spectral, and morphological analysis. However, Cht/Ar-AgNPs-coated papers were subjected to antibacterial properties. The ratio of (6:4) Cht/Ar-AgNPs-coated paper showed excellent antibacterial agent, and it can be used as extending the food product shelf life.
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Sales, Allan Robson Kluser, Marcelo Vailati Negrão, Laura Testa, Larissa Ferreira-Santos, Raphaela Villar Ramalho Groehs, Bruna Carvalho, Edgar Toschi-Dias, et al. "Chemotherapy acutely impairs neurovascular and hemodynamic responses in women with breast cancer." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 317, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): H1—H12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00756.2018.
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The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that doxorubicin (DX) and cyclophosphamide (CY) adjuvant chemotherapy (CHT) acutely impairs neurovascular and hemodynamic responses in women with breast cancer. Sixteen women (age: 47.0 ± 2.0 yr; body mass index: 24.2 ± 1.5 kg/m) with stage II-III breast cancer and indication for adjuvant CHT underwent two experimental sessions, saline (SL) and CHT. In the CHT session, DX (60 mg/m2) and CY (600 mg/m2) were administered over 45 min. In the SL session, a matching SL volume was infused in 45 min. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) from peroneal nerve (microneurography), calf blood flow (CBF; plethysmography) and calf vascular conductance (CVC), heart rate (HR; electrocardiography), and beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP; finger plethysmography) were measured at rest before, during, and after each session. Venous blood samples (5 ml) were collected before and after both sessions for assessment of circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs; flow cytometry), a surrogate marker for endothelial damage. MSNA and BP responses were increased ( P < 0.001), whereas CBF and CVC responses were decreased ( P < 0.001), during and after CHT session when compared with SL session. Interestingly, the vascular alterations were also observed at the molecular level through an increased EMP response to CHT ( P = 0.03, CHT vs. SL session). No difference in HR response was observed ( P > 0.05). Adjuvant CHT with DX and CY in patients treated for breast cancer increases sympathetic nerve activity and circulating EMP levels and, in addition, reduces muscle vascular conductance and elevates systemic BP. These responses may be early signs of CHT-induced cardiovascular alterations and may represent potential targets for preventive interventions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY It is known that chemotherapy regimens increase the risk of cardiovascular events in patients treated for cancer. Here, we identified that a single cycle of adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide in women treated for breast cancer dramatically increases sympathetic nerve activity and circulating endothelial microparticle levels, reduces the muscle vascular conductance, and elevates systemic blood pressure.
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Aguilar-Nascimento, José Eduardo de, Breno Nadaf Diniz, and José de Souza Neves. "Diferença entre volume de fluidos cristaloides intravenosos prescritos e infundidos em pacientes no pós-operatório precoce." Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões 37, no. 1 (February 2010): 006–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69912010000100003.
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OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi auditar a real quantidade de fluídos cristalóides infundidos por via intravenosa em pacientes submetidos a operações abdominais de grande porte num hospital universitário. MÉTODOS: Computou-se a carga hídrica total (CHT) de fluidos cristalóides intravenosos infundida diariamente do 1º ao 4º dia de PO em 31 pacientes submetidos à operações de grande porte. Comparou-se a CHT com a carga hídrica prescrita (CHP) pelo médico. A CHT foi definida como a somatória da CHP acrescida de diluentes e medicações intravenosas. O protocolo do serviço recomendava a hidratação venosa no peri-operatório entre 30 e 50 mL/Kg/dia em pacientes com prescrição de jejum oral. A comparação entre CHT e CHP foi realizada em todos os dias de pós-operatório pelo teste t pareado. Estabeleceu-se em 5% o nível de significância estatística. RESULTADOS: A CHT infundida do 1º ao 4ºdia de pós-operatório foi de 12,8 (6,4-17,5) L. Desse total, 9,5 litros (74,3%) corresponderam a CHP e 3,3 L (25,7%) a diluentes e medicações venosas. Em todos os dias de pós-operatório a CHT foi significativamente maior que a CHP (p<0.001). Até o 3º dia de PO os pacientes receberam uma CHT superior a 50 mL/kg/dia. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que a prescrição médica não contém o real volume de fluidos cristalóides intravenosos infundido. O volume de diluentes e medicações intravenosas pode chegar a 25% da carga hídrica prescrita.
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Platzbecker, Uwe, Giuseppe Avvisati, Laura Cicconi, Christian Thiede, Francesca Paoloni, Marco Vignetti, Felicetto Ferrara, et al. "Improved Outcomes With Retinoic Acid and Arsenic Trioxide Compared With Retinoic Acid and Chemotherapy in Non–High-Risk Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: Final Results of the Randomized Italian-German APL0406 Trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 6 (February 20, 2017): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.67.1982.
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Purpose The initial results of the APL0406 trial showed that the combination of all- trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) is at least not inferior to standard ATRA and chemotherapy (CHT) in first-line therapy of low- or intermediate-risk acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). We herein report the final analysis on the complete series of patients enrolled onto this trial. Patients and Methods The APL0406 study was a prospective, randomized, multicenter, open-label, phase III noninferiority trial. Eligible patients were adults between 18 and 71 years of age with newly diagnosed, low- or intermediate-risk APL (WBC at diagnosis ≤ 10 × 109/L). Overall, 276 patients were randomly assigned to receive ATRA-ATO or ATRA-CHT between October 2007 and January 2013. Results Of 263 patients evaluable for response to induction, 127 (100%) of 127 patients and 132 (97%) of 136 patients achieved complete remission (CR) in the ATRA-ATO and ATRA-CHT arms, respectively ( P = .12). After a median follow-up of 40.6 months, the event-free survival, cumulative incidence of relapse, and overall survival at 50 months for patients in the ATRA-ATO versus ATRA-CHT arms were 97.3% v 80%, 1.9% v 13.9%, and 99.2% v 92.6%, respectively ( P < .001, P = .0013, and P = .0073, respectively). Postinduction events included two relapses and one death in CR in the ATRA-ATO arm and two instances of molecular resistance after third consolidation, 15 relapses, and five deaths in CR in the ATRA-CHT arm. Two patients in the ATRA-CHT arm developed a therapy-related myeloid neoplasm. Conclusion These results show that the advantages of ATRA-ATO over ATRA-CHT increase over time and that there is significantly greater and more sustained antileukemic efficacy of ATO-ATRA compared with ATRA-CHT in low- and intermediate-risk APL.
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Bian, Xin, Tao Li, Liang Jiang, Rui Gang Zhang, and Hong Yan Huang. "Coupled Heat Transfer Simulation of a Low-Pressure Turbine Vane." Applied Mechanics and Materials 614 (September 2014): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.614.128.
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A coupled heat transfer (CHT) solver was established. The solver couples the N-S equations with the heat conduction equation using the finite volume method. The developed CHT solver was verified by Mark II 5411 case. The numerical results agree well with experimental data, proving the accuracy of the developed CHT code. The solver was applied to the coupled heat transfer simulations of an air-cooled turbine with a single cooling channel. Adiabatic results and CHT results were compared. Different turbulence and transition models were employed. The result shows that the developed code is of great use in engineering simulations, and in order to predict thermal loads on turbine vane accurately, transition needs to be considered.
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Ni, Yunzhou, Zhixiang Qian, Yu Yin, Weien Yuan, Fei Wu, and Tuo Jin. "Polyvinyl Alcohol/Chitosan/Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Phase Separation System: A Potential Topical Antibacterial Formulation with Enhanced Antimicrobial Effect." Molecules 25, no. 6 (March 15, 2020): 1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061334.
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An aqueous polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/chitosan (CHT)/polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) blends (PVA/CHT/PHMB blends) has been developed as a potential low dose topical antibacterial formulation with enhanced antimicrobial effect. The preparation of PVA/CHT/PHMB blends was quite facilely, with just dissolved PVA, CHT, PHMB in water in order. There was the aggregates with 100 nm size around induced by phase separation in the blends and an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) formed, as non-ionic polymer PVA formed a continuous phase and cationic polymer CHT and PHMB formed dispersed phases. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PHMB in the PVA/CHT/PHMB blends was 0.5μg/mL, which was four times lower than the MIC of PHMB individually. A phase separation increased zeta potential mechanism was proposed to explain the enhanced antibacterial activities. In addition, the blends could easily form film on the skin surface with good water vapor permeability and be used as a liquid bandage to accelerate the scratch wound healing process of nude mouse. These findings provide experimental evidence that the PHMB-functionalized blends could be further explored as low-dose topical antibacterial formulations, and the nano-sized phase separation strategy could be used to design novel low-dose topical antibacterial formulations with an enhanced antimicrobial effect.
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Sultana, Amena, Mostarak Hossain Munshi, Md Kamruzzaman, ASM Fazle Bari, and Mohammad Issak. "Residual effect of raw material of chitosan powder on chemical properties of soil under rice-rice cropping system." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 7, no. 1 (April 26, 2020): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v7i1.46829.
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The experiment was conducted at the research field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka- 1207, Bangladesh, during 2015-2016, to investigate residual effect of raw material of chitosan (CHT) powder on chemical properties of rice growing soils. The field experiment was done using BRRI dhan29. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The first experiment was done using four different doses of the raw material of CHT powder with one control. The treatments were as follows: T1= 0.5 t/ha, T2 = 1.0 t/ha, T3 = 2.0 t/ha, T4 = 4.0 t/ha and T5 = 0 t/ha. The second experiment was conducted in the same plot using the following treatments were T1= Residual effect of the raw material of CHT powder @ 0.5 t/ha (applied in the previous experiment) + 2/3rd of recommended N fertilizer, T2 = Residual effect of the raw material of CHT powder @ 1.0 t/ha (applied in the previous experiment) + 2/3rd of recommended N fertilizer, T3 = Residual effect of the raw material of CHT powder @ 2.0 t/ha (applied in the previous experiment) + 2/3rd of recommended N fertilizer, T4 = Residual effect of the raw material of CHT powder @ 4.0 t/ha (applied in the previous experiment) + 2/3rd of recommended N fertilizer and T5 = Residual effect of the raw material of CHT powder @ 0 t/ha + recommended N (control). The total nitrogen content, soil pH, organic carbon and organic matter status in the post-harvest-soils were increased due to the residual effect of the powder in rice growing soils. The maximum value of the pH (7.01), organic carbon content (0.72%), and organic matter content (1.24%) in the post-harvest soils were found in the treatment T4 and lowest values were observed in the control treatment (T5). From the results it could be concluded that some of the chemical properties of rice growing soils were improved due to the residual effect of the raw material of CHT powder. Residual nitrogen value indicates that the raw material of CHT powder has a slow releasing effect of organic nitrogen supplementation in soil. These results suggest that the residual effect of the raw material of CHT powder could play a significant role to improve the sustainable soil health.
Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(1): 33-42, April 2020
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Ferrari, D., E. Opocher, R. Santambrogio, A. Pisani, M. Barabino, C. Codecà, R. Scalzone, D. Marussi, A. Luciani, and P. Foa. "Repeat hepatic resection and chemotherapy for recurrent colorectal liver metastases." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 14590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.14590.
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14590 Background: An aggressive surgical approach combined with chemotherapy (CHT) is the best way to prolong survival in patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous resectable metastatic disease. Reintervention followed by systemic CHT is often a safe and effective procedure for fit patients with metastatic liver recurrence. Methods: Patients with resectable metastatic liver disease who underwent at least two surgical operations were included in the study. At diagnosis they had a median number of 6 measurable liver metastases (range 1–16), and median sum of largest diameters of lesions was 35 mm (range 10–70) from CT scan. Hepatic resection was followed each time by systemic CHT. Radiofrequency (RF) was added as needed to reach a curative intent . The aim of our study was to evaluate DFS and OS combining surgery, RF and CHT in this high-risk group. Results: Between November 2003 and July 2006 13 patients (median age 52 yrs, range 36–73; PS 0) with metastatic colorectal cancer underwent surgery on primary tumour and liver metastases followed by adjuvant CHT consisting of FOLFOX4 (oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 and LV5FU) or FOLFIRI (irinotecan 180 mg/m2 and LV5FU) for 6 months. Free margins were obtained in 12 patients (92.3%). The second relapse was treated by liver surgery and systemic CHT (either FOLFIRI or FOLFIRI + Cetuximab in EGFR expressing tumours). Eight patients were offered concomitant radiofrequency (RF) for smaller lesions. Five patients (38.5%) underwent a third operation + RF followed by third-line CHT consisting of capecitabine alone or associated to oxaliplatin. After second and third hepatectomy there was no intraoperative or early postoperative mortality. With a median follow-up of 24 months (range 6–37) 6 patients are free of disease and all patients are still alive. Two-year DFS and OS are 46.2% and 100% respectively. Conclusions: Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer should be treated aggressively by surgery and CHT. In a small group of fit patients operated at least two times we obtained excellent 2-year DFS and OS. The benefit of adding adjuvant CHT as second-line or even third-line treatment seems to be justified by good long-term results. Our promising data from a single institution prompt further evaluation for aggressive surgery associated to CHT and new target molecules. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Roccaro, Aldo M., Antonio Sacco, Dongdong Ma, Jiantao Shi, Yuji Mishima, Michele Moschetta, Robert I. Handin, and Irene M. Ghobrial. "A New Model for Studying the Dissemination of Myeloma Cells throughout the Bone Marrow Using Embryonic Zebrafish." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.915.915.
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Abstract Multiple myeloma develops from a pre-malignant clonal proliferation of plasma cells. The dissemination of myeloma cells throughout the bone marrow (BM) is an important early step in myeloma pathogenesis. Studies of myeloma cell homing in mouse models are not quantitative and cannot be used for functional genomics or drug screening. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a novel in vivo model to assess multiple myeloma (MM) cell homing, that takes advantage of the optical clarity of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. We performed intra-cardiac (i.c.) injection of GFP+MM.1S cells into zebrafish embryos 48 hpf, and assessed the ability of the injected cells to enter the peripheral circulation and then traced their homing to the trunk region of zebrafish embryos, an area referred as the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT), by using intra-vital confocal microscopy. We next injected primary CD138+ cells derived from MM patient BM that had been stained with either DiO or DiD and demonstrated that they also homed to CHT. As a control, we injected DiO-labeled CD41-GFPlow zebrafish hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that are known to home to the CHT hematopoietic niche; and observed that zebrafish-derived CD41-HSCs homed to the same area as MM cells. We next analyzed changes in the transcriptome of those MM cells that homed to the CHT-niche. We dissected the zebrafish embryos to separate the CHT from other tissue containing non-adherent MM cells and performed whole human exome enrichment prior to sequencing of total RNA. We had an alignment rate of 10-15%, with a high intragenic rate an exonic rate (> 95%) and a low mismatch rate (~0.5%). RNAseq revealed that the MM cells that homed to the CHT were enriched in transcripts important for cytokine/chemokine mediated signaling, the IL-6 signalling pathway, cell-cell adhesion and angiogenesis (FDR<0.25; P<0.05). Overall, these findings indicate that the changes observed in MM cells that have homed to the CHT mirror those that are seen in MM cells that are resident in the human BM. In order to investigate the functional relevance of the zebrafish model, we established CXCR4-, VLA-4- and FAK-silenced MM cells and compared their ability to home to CHT to that of control scrambled shRNA-transfected cells. DiO-labeled-CXCR4-silenced and DiO-labeled-scrambled-probe control MM cells were mixed in equal numbers and subsequently injected into recipient zebrafish. We found a significant reduction in the number of CXCR4-silenced MM cells homing to the CHT, compared to the control cells (P<0.00). We then examined VLA-4- and FAK-knock-down MM cells and observed that the homing of MM cells to CHT was impaired when either VLA-4 or FAK were silenced (P<0.001; Fig. 3C-D). Having demonstrated the role of CXCF4, FAK and VLA4 in MM cell homing to the CHT niche, we next performed qRT-PCR for those transcripts and confirmed that MM cells harvested from the CHT areas expressed higher levels of CXCR4, FAK and VLA4, compared to MM cells harvested from non-CHT areas. (P<0.05). To ascertain whether homing to zebrafish embryo CHT is occurs in other hematologic malignancies that are known to home to the human and murine BM, we used a cultured cell lined derived from a patient with Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia (WM). We injected either CXCR4-overexpressing or CXCR4-silenced WM cells and found that increased CXCR4 expression in WM cells led to enhanced CHT-homing of WM cells (P<0.001), while the homing of CXCR4-silenced WM cells to the CHT was reduced compared to scrambled control (P<0.001). These findings demonstrate that zebrafish can be used to study the homing of human myeloma cells to a hematopoietic niche. The rapidity of homing to CHT, which occurs within seconds of cell injection, suggests that a fraction of the CD138+ harvested from patient bone marrow already express those RNA transcripts and proteins needed for stable adhesion and residence in CHT. This hypothesis is confirmed by the RNA seq and qRT-PCR studies which directly demonstrate increased expression of relevant transcripts in adherent cells. This zebrafish model may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of MM and may be useful as a means to screen for agents which can disrupt homing and dissemination of MM cells. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Rossi, Giuseppe, Luigi Marcheselli, Chiara Bottelli, Alessandra Tucci, Alessandra Dondi, Stefano Luminari, Luca Arcaini, et al. "What Is the Best Combination of First-Line and Salvage Treatments in Follicular Lymphoma? Results of the Multicenter Study “Refoll” by the Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (FIL) On 548 Patients." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.154.154.
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Abstract Abstract 154 Background Follicular lymphoma (FL) has an indolent course during which patients (pts) receive multiple lines of active treatments ranging from single-agent chemotherapy (CHT) or monoclonal antibodies (MoAb), to high-dose therapy with stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In relapsed patients the efficacy of salvage treatments may be affected by the type and the intensity of the previous treatments and it is currently not known whether a definite sequence of treatments throughout the course of the disease could optimize the outcome of patients. Since randomized trials can hardly be designed to answer this important clinical question, the Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (FIL) launched an observational, multicenter, retrospective study (REFOLL) to analyze if combinations of different first-line and salvage treatments could be identified, able to achieve a better long-term outcome. Patients and Methods Of 582 pts with FL at first relapse between 2000 and 2008 registered from 25 Institutions, 548 were included in the study. They had received either alkylating- (AA) (22%), or anthracycline- (AC) (61%) or nucleoside analogues-based (NA)(17%) CHT as first-line treatment, with the addition of rituximab (R) in 284 (52%). AA pts were older (P<.001), but they had less stage III-IV (P=.011) and FLIPI high-risk disease (P=.02), and had received maintenance R after first-line CHT more often (P<.001) compared to pts receiving AC- or NA-based CHT. At relapse 21 pts received radiotherapy and 4 palliation and were excluded. Salvage treatment of the other 523 pts were either the same first-line CHT programs (AA: 20%; AC 18%; NA: 14% of the 523 pts, respectively) in 271 pts, associated with R in 73%, or a program including autologous HSCT in 151 (29%), or MoAb/radioimmunoconjugate without CHT in 101 (19%). The primary endpoint of the study was time to next treatment (TTNT) after relapse. Progression-free survival after relapse (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were secondary endpoints. Results The median follow-up after first relapse was 41 months (range 1–122) and the median TTNT (50%) was 41 months (CI95% 35–47 months). Among first-line treatments, AC+/−R was associated with a better TTNT after any salvage than AA+/−R or NA+/−R (HR: 0.71, P=0.007; HR: 0.73, P=0.021 after adjustment by age, stage and year of diagnosis). The addition of R to first-line CHT did not adversely impact on the efficacy of salvage treatments (P=0.156). As salvage treatment, auto-HSCT had a significantly better outcome when compared to any other program +/−R (HR ranging from 1.79 to 2.40). Patients receiving auto-HSCT were younger (P<0.001), had a shorter duration of first remission (P=0.012), but the efficacy of HSCT was not affected by these two parameters. ASCT program included R in 63% and was followed by R maintenance in 7% of pts. Considering the combinations of first-line and salvage treatments received, using multiple Cox regression, the TTNT after relapse was significantly better in pts receiving first-line anthracycline CHT +/−R followed by auto-HSCT as salvage (HR ranging from 1.88 to 3.3 compared to any other sequence, including AA/NA CHT followed by auto-HSCT). Other factors independently influencing TTNT after HSCT were R maintenance (HR: 0.66), duration of first remission > 12 months (HR: 0.8), and stage III-IV at diagnosis (HR: 1.89). PFS after relapse was 35% at 5 years, superimposable to TTNT (36% at 5 years); in fact treatment sequences had the same effects on PFS as on TTNT. Overall survival from diagnosis was 89% at 5-yr (CI95% 85–91%) and the sequences CHT->HSCT and CHT->CHT with R showed a better outcome than CHT ->CHT without R (HR:0.55, P=0.015; HR 0.61, P=0.047 after adjusting by age and stage at diagnosis). Conclusions Auto-HSCT obtained the best TTNT after relapse compared to any other regimen but its efficacy was maximized when anthracycline-containing CHT was used as first-line treatment, compared to other CHT programs. The addition of R to first-line CHT did not adversely impact on the results of any salvage. This study supports the concept that different sequences of active treatments do not necessarily obtain similar long-term results, which is important in the management of indolent diseases like FL and warrants further studies. The sequence of AC-CHT at diagnosis and auto-HSCT at relapse may be tested as the reference sequence of active treatments in FL patients. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Holder, Dara Denise, James Lin, Micheal Whalen, James M. McKiernan, and Guarionex DeCastro. "Extensive lymph node dissection in the era of increasing perioperative chemotherapy for muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e15018-e15018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e15018.
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e15018 Background: The efficacy of perioperative chemotherapy (CHT) in the management of muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) has been attributed to its ability to eliminate occult disease, which when coupled with a cystectomy can reduce recurrence. The therapeutic role of lymphadenctomy (LND), with an appropriate template and nodal yield, during radical cystectomy (RC) is well established. To date, there have been no studies examining the integrative effect of an extended LND and the use of perioperative CHT for patients with muscle-invasive UCB. As such we examined the interaction between survival and extent of LND based on whether patients received perioperative CHT or RC only. Methods: Review of our urologic oncology database yielded 314 patients with cT2-4N0M0 UCB who underwent RC with and without perioperative CHT between 1990- 2011. Extended lymph node dissection was defined as the removal of ≥11 nodes. Clinical and pathological variables were analyzed using Cox Hazard and Kaplan Meier models. The primary endpoints examined were overall (OS) and disease-specific (DSS) survival. Results: Two hundred and four (65%) patients were identified who underwent RC only, while 110 (35%) patients received perioperative CHT and RC. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in common demographic and pathologic variables. Fifty-one percent of patients who underwent CHT and RC and 42% who underwent a RC only had an extensive LND (p=0.16), with a mean nodal yield of 9. Extended LND was associated with a non-significant decreased risk of death in the RC-only group (HR=0.54, CI: 0.23-1.20, p=0.14), and a non-significant increase in patients who underwent perioperative CHT (HR=1.25, CI: 0.71-2.81, p=0.56). Kaplan Meier analysis showed an increase in the probability of DSS at 2 years in the RC-only group who underwent an extended LND vs. a standard LND (0.96 vs. 0.84, p= 0.12) while no such trend was observed in the perioperative CHT patients (0.75 vs. 0.75, p=0.35). Conclusions: Surgical management of occult micrometastatic disease through extended LND improves survival in patients undergoing RC only, but offers no additional benefit over perioperative CHT.
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HAWKINS, WILLIAM G. "ON THE EQUIVALENCE OF STABLE AND UNSTABLE FORMS OF THE INVERSE CIRCULAR HARMONIC TRANSFORM SOLUTION FOR THE RADON TRANSFORM." International Journal of Image and Graphics 07, no. 01 (January 2007): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467807002519.
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We investigate the inversion of the 2D Radon transform with the technique based on the Circular Harmonic Transform (CHT) using Chebyshev/Zernike polynomials. This polynomial pair is often described as a solution of the unstable or causal form of the CHT inverse. The primary object of this work is to show analytically and explicitly that the polynomial pair is formally a solution to the stable form of the CHT inverse. Hence it is the first solution of its type to be simultaneously a solution to both forms of the inverse. The stable/unstable dichotomy is not fundamental to the CHT inverse. We validate this claim with numerical experiments and image data. We describe a potential application of the algorithm to MRI imaging with nonlinear gradients.
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Michlovitz, Susan L. "Better: Getting Our Cht Together." Journal of Hand Therapy 22, no. 3 (July 2009): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2009.04.003.
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