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Journal articles on the topic 'Church and labour – Kenya'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Akattu, E., M. A. J. Ndeda, and E. Gimode. "THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE ANGLICAN CHURCH OF KENYA TO THE TRANSFORMATION OF KIRINYAGA DISTRICT, 1910-2010." Chemchemi International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 11, no. 1 (April 23, 2020): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33886/cijhs.v11i1.138.

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Drawing on the theory of social capital, the initial attraction of Kirinyaga people to the Anglican Church of Kenya (ACK) mission centres were the schools, hospitals, demonstration gardens and artisan skills that imparted by missionaries. The ACK established Christian communities in Kirinyaga that became centres of early Christian converts and change. The Christian communities constituted “the germ of the missionary spirit.” The ‘new’ Christians would take a great deal of pleasure in spreading the “germ” to many communities in Kirinyaga, ‘infecting’the more susceptible of its members. Each Christian community endeavored to have a church, an elementary school, a hospital and a demonstration garden. This in itself was an extraordinary change. This study has presented evidence of Kirinyaga’s cultural, socio-economic and political homogeneity as fundamental part of traditional life. European settlement in Kenya made oppression and injustice virtually inevitable and mission response to African issues ranged from land and labor to taxation and wages. The Anglican CMS almost exclusively provided such public services as schooling, healthcare and agriculture. This study also discussed regionalization of ACK CCS as a concept of community development focusing on CCSMKE serving the whole community in Kirinyaga, with priority on the most disadvantaged parts of the region, whether or not there are any Anglican congregations in that region. One of the discussions advanced in this study, is that the Anglican Church in Kirinyaga should have concern for Kirinyaga people as the concern of her social gospel. The study articulates a “theology of development” which argues that social gospel that is based on exploitation and oppression of Kirinyaga people cannot be genuine social gospel.

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2

Gitari, David. "Church and Politics in Kenya." Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies 8, no. 3 (July 1991): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026537889100800307.

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3

Levine, Daniel H., and Kenneth N. Medhurst. "The Church and Labour in Colombia." Hispanic American Historical Review 65, no. 3 (August 1985): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2514860.

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4

Bevir, Mark. "The Labour Church Movement, 1891–1902." Journal of British Studies 38, no. 2 (April 1999): 217–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386190.

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Historians of British socialism have tended to discount the significance of religious belief. Yet the conference held in Bradford in 1893 to form the Independent Labour Party (I.L.P.) was accompanied by a Labour Church service attended by some five thousand persons. The conference took place in a disused chapel then being run as a Labour Institute by the Bradford Labour Church along with the local Labour Union and Fabian Society. The Labour Church movement, which played such an important role in the history of British socialism, was inspired by John Trevor, a Unitarian minister who resigned to found the first Labour Church in Manchester in 1891. At the new church's first service, on 4 October 1891, a string band opened the proceedings, after which Trevor led those present in prayer, the congregation listened to a reading of James Russell Lowell's poem “On the Capture of Fugitive Slaves,” and Harold Rylett, a Unitarian minister, read Isaiah 15. The choir rose to sing “England Arise,” the popular socialist hymn by Edward Carpenter:England arise! the long, long night is over,Faint in the east behold the dawn appear;Out of your evil dream of toil and sorrow—Arise, O England, for the day is here;From your fields and hills,Hark! the answer swells—Arise, O England, for the day is here.As the singing stopped, Trevor rose to give a sermon on the religious aspect of the labor movement. He argued the failure of existing churches to support labor made it necessary for workers to form a new movement to embody the religious aspect of their quest for emancipation.

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Levine, Daniel H. "The Church and Labour in Colombia." Hispanic American Historical Review 65, no. 3 (August 1, 1985): 585–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-65.3.585.

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6

Nkonge, Dickson. "Equipping Church Leaders for Mission in the Anglican Church of Kenya." Journal of Anglican Studies 9, no. 2 (May 5, 2011): 154–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740355311000088.

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AbstractLeadership remains the biggest challenge facing the Church in Africa today. The Anglican Church in Kenya (ACK) was started in 1844, but was it was not until 1888 that the official training of church leaders was commenced with the opening of a Divinity School at Frere Town. Since its inception the ACK has experienced a tremendous growth in membership, growing at the rate of about 6.7 per cent per annum. In spite of this rapid growth, the ACK is in leadership crises due to lack of enough and well-equipped clergy to run it. The Anglican population of about 3,711,890 Christians is served by only about 1555 clergy, translating to clergy per Christians ratio of about 1 : 2400. This affects the Church's mission in that it is impossible for one clergy to effectively provide spiritual care to 2400 Christians. On top of this, the majority of the clergy currently serving in the ACK are not properly trained to match the rapidly changing Kenyan society. About 83 per cent of these clergy have diploma and below theological qualifications. If the ACK has to be successful in its mission in this century, it has to reconsider its training systems.

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7

Prof. Mellitus N. WANYAMA; Prof. Frederick B. J. A. NGALA, Joyce M. MOCHERE;. "The Relevance of University Music Curricula to the Requirements of Church Music Job Market in Kenya." Editon Consortium Journal of Curriculum and Educational Studies 2, no. 1 (October 7, 2020): 250–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/ecjces.v2i1.161.

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In the prevailing global church music job market, church worship ministers or music directors are on high demand as they play a crucial role in church liturgy and other church musical events. Globally, many universities offer programmes on music training and pastoral leadership. In Kenya, such training is predominantly in theological schools with few universities offering such programmes. Currently, there is a growing interest of church musicians in Kenya due to the need to spread the gospel beyond the church walls and to promote ecumenism. For example, churches participate in church crusades, church concerts, and inter-churches music festivals. This strengthens the need for church worship ministers with music and leadership training. Universities in Kenya are, therefore, obligated to offer church music programmes that will enable these worship ministers to fit in the current job market. The discourse on church music, though, is rare in Kenya hence limited literature on the same. The study had an objective of establishing the relevance of university music curricula to the requirements of church music job market in Kenya. Elliot's Praxial theory underpinned the study. The study found out that universities are not keen to include music programmes that are relevant to the music job market. The Simple Matching Coefficient (SMC) of university X and Y music curricula to the requirements of church music job market was 0.00. Both universities did not have a church music program hence missing all the requirements of the given job market. The study recommends that there is a need to develop church music programmes in universities in Kenya, and this can be done in collaboration with the Schools of Theology at the university.

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8

Cole-Arnal, Oscar L. "The Prairie labour churches: The Methodist input." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 34, no. 1 (March 2005): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000842980503400101.

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This article takes a new look at five major social gospel leaders and their controversial connections with the labour churches associated with the Winnipeg General Strike. Over against the view posited by Richard Allen's seminal book The Social Passion that these "radicals" marginalized themselves within their Methodist Church, this study proposes that important persons and institutions within the Methodist Church pushed these five figures to the margins of the church to the point that four of them left the church, whereas the fifth Salem Bland, lost his position as a seminary professor because of his social activism.

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9

ANDERSON, DAVID M. "MASTER AND SERVANT IN COLONIAL KENYA, 1895–1939." Journal of African History 41, no. 3 (September 2000): 459–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185370000774x.

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THE recruitment of African labour at poor rates of pay and under primitive conditions of work was characteristic of the operation of colonial capitalism in Africa during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The implications of these conditions have been generalized very widely in the historiography of colonial Kenya. Where capital was centred upon extractive industries or upon settler agriculture (as in Kenya), historians have found much evidence to indicate that colonial states (and the metropolitan government) readily colluded with capital in providing the legal framework within which labour could be recruited and maintained in adequate numbers and at low cost to the employer. The state itself was the largest employer of labour throughout British colonial Africa and shared an interest in encouraging Africans into the labour market. Criticisms of labour conditions prevailing in any colony were thus likely to be interpreted as criticisms of the state itself.

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10

Buturlimova, Olha. "Relations Between Labour Party and Christian Churches in England at the End of XIX – the First Third of the XX cc." European Historical Studies, no. 13 (2019): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2019.13.101-120.

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The article traces the responses of the Church of England, Roman – Catholic Church and “free churches” on the development of the Labour Party. The author underlines that Labour party was assisted by those Christian churches. It is mentioned also that Labour Church and Ethic Church as Labour supporters too. The article touches upon such problems as social inequality in British society, secularization of the working class in urban cotton towns and ports. Anglican Church’s help to the low-income working class is investigated also. The author underlines that British Labour party was deeply influenced by Christian Socialism so it made its relations with Church of England closer. Chaplains supported the Labour party in their sermons, letters and church press. Such favour was especially crucial in rural areas where Labour party had lower election results in comparison with Liberal and Conservative parties. The author analyses contribution of the “free churches” to the development of the Labour party. It is widely recognized that “free churches” are identified as traditional ally of the Liberal party. The author confirmed that “free churches” did not give wide electoral support to the Labour party but gave considerable amount of candidates who were active in trade unions, local Labour parties and in the British Parliament. The author also considers that the Roman – Catholic communities mainly represented by Irish immigrants and their descendants as an important part of the wide social base of the Labour Party. The author comes to conclusion that strong ties between Christian churches and the British Labour party help us to explain its program and election successes in the first third of the XX century.

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Simiyu Njororai, Wycliffe W. "Global inequality and athlete labour migration from Kenya." Leisure/Loisir 34, no. 4 (December 2010): 443–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2010.543502.

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12

Manda, Damiano Kulundu, and Kunal Sen. "The labour market effects of globalization in Kenya." Journal of International Development 16, no. 1 (December 19, 2003): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.1061.

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13

Ritter, A. R. M. "The Labour Force, Employment and Unemployment in Kenya." Canadian Journal of Development Studies / Revue canadienne d'études du développement 8, no. 2 (January 1987): 203–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02255189.1987.9670187.

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14

kuria, Martin. "Crises experienced in church organizations: The case of Parklands Baptist Church Nairobi Kenya." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 22, no. 03 (April 2017): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-2203066367.

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kuria, Martin. "Crises experienced in church organizations: The case of Parklands Baptist Church Nairobi Kenya." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 22, no. 03 (March 2017): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-2203156367.

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16

WADE, MATTHEW, and MARIA HYNES. "Worshipping Bodies: Affective Labour in the Hillsong Church." Geographical Research 51, no. 2 (May 2013): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1745-5871.12010.

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17

Slater, Terry R. "The Labour Church. The Movement and its Message." Midland History 43, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0047729x.2018.1465230.

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18

Thiani, Evanghelos. "Tensions of Church T(t)radition and the African Traditional Cultures in the African Orthodox Church of Kenya: Justifying Contextualization." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Theologia Orthodoxa 65, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 133–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbto.2020.2.09.

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"Abstract The African Orthodox Church of Kenya was formed as an African Instituted Church in 1929, with considerable cultural and liberative connotations, before officially joining the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria and All Africa in 1956. The journey of being faithful to the rich and ancient Eastern Orthodox tradition, history, and heritage as well as grappling with the local cultures is been an ongoing tension for this church. The tension is better appreciated from the eye view of non-Kenyan Orthodox and young theologians in comparison with that of the locals. Some contextualization practices within this church were ecclesiastically sanctioned, while others have never been reviewed, even though both are practiced with no distinction. This Orthodox Church in Kenya continues to be regarded as one of the staunchest and first growing Orthodox Church in Africa, influencing many upcoming African dioceses and the theologians they form in the main Patriarchal seminary based in Nairobi. This paper seeks to document this tension and struggle of the church and local community traditions and cultures, and with it seek to justify some of the contextualization that is realized and practiced in this church at present. Keywords: African Orthodox Church of Kenya, contextualization, tradition, culture, mission"

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19

Barasa, Francis O. "The Church and the Healthcare Sector in Kenya: A Functional Analysis of Its Development through Evangelization." Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 9 - September 5, no. 9 (October 5, 2020): 1058–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20sep603.

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The health sector in Kenya has grown rapidly. The corner stone of this growth was laid by the early Christian Missionaries who combined Evangelization with education and health. Thishistorical developmentled to the development and expansion of the healthcare system in Kenya by contributing to the building of a firm foundation upon which Kenya’s health care stands today. TheChurch’s education-health functional strategy cemented this milestone leading to the growth of a vibrant health care sector in Kenya. This has culminated in a well-coordinated ChurchGovernment partnership in the implementation of health programs. Today Kenya is the leading country in the East African region in the delivery of well-established and functional health care system. The Church’s pioneer efforts saw the healthcare in Kenya expand rapidly to all parts of the country thus playing a significant role in the healthcare market.The objective of this paper was therefore to explore the Church’scontribution to the development of healthcare sector in Kenya, to examine the functional role of an integrated and holistic approach to health care as a tool for the nurturing of Christian values and faith that support spiritual growth among people, to assess the sociological implicationsunderpinning the entire process of growth of health care through a Church-Government participatory partnership approach and how this approach has created a better society.Purposive sampling procedure was used to select four mainstream Churches that pioneered Evangelization in Kenya. Using qualitative approach, secondary data was obtained through face to face interviews with key informants from the four mainstream Churches.Data was transcribed and analysed qualitatively in for of themes. The findings show that the Church played a significant role in the development of health care in Kenya, they also show that the use of an integrated and holistic approach to health care was responsible for the evangelization and treatment of many Christians in Kenya and from a sociological perspective the findings show that the Church plays a significant role in unifying society. The study recommends that the Church should be supported through government policies to continue investing in the health care sector, other Churches in Kenya should adopt an integrated holistic approach to health care and the Church should strengthen its unifying role for the sake of a stable nation. The study will benefit the Church, policy makers and other stakeholders.

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20

Nyatuka, Benard Omenge. "Overcoming Domestic Labour among Secondary School Students in Kenya." International Journal of Education and Practice 3, no. 1 (2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.61/2015.3.1/61.1.1.16.

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21

Neitzert, Monica. "A Woman's Place: Household Labour Allocation in Rural Kenya." Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d'études du développement 15, no. 3 (January 1994): 401–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02255189.1994.9669567.

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22

Riisgaard, Lone, and Obadia Okinda. "Changing labour power on smallholder tea farms in Kenya." Competition & Change 22, no. 1 (January 7, 2018): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024529417742302.

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23

Mose, Jared Isaboke. "Drivers of Labour Productivity in Flower Farms in Naivasha, Kenya." Sustainable Agriculture Research 6, no. 4 (October 8, 2017): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v6n4p117.

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Although Kenya is the most successful producer and exporter of fresh produce and flowers in sub-Saharan Africa, other countries both in Africa and elsewhere, offer strong competition that could erode export market share in future. Increased labor productivity is crucial for Kenya’s competitiveness. This study aimed at examining the key drivers of labour productivity in flower farms in Naivasha, Kenya. Descriptive survey design was employed and stratified proportionate random sampling technique used to select 381 respondents from who data was collected using a questionnaire. A log-linearized Cobb-Douglas model was used examine determinants of labour productivity. The results showed that workers’ participation in Labor unions, Information & Communication Technology and workers’ skills acquired through training were the major factors that determined labour productivity by 35.4 percent, 19 percent and 14.7 percent respectively. While worker’s wage increase and tools used by a worker influenced labour productivity by 9 percent and 11.4 percent respectively. Worker’s level of education and worker’s experience also increased labour productivity by 5.1 percent and 4 percent respectively. The study recommends that; the Kenyan government should give special attention to education to produce skilled and innovative workers. Flower Farms should invest more in training of workers to acquire relevant skills, acquisition of appropriate tools; improve ICT infrastructure and support labor union in the flower farms.

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RIDDELL, N. "The Catholic Church and the Labour Party, 1918-1931." Twentieth Century British History 8, no. 2 (January 1, 1997): 165–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/8.2.165.

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25

Bienz, John. "Herbert's "Daily Labour": An Eschatological Pattern in "The Church"." George Herbert Journal 12, no. 1 (1988): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ghj.1988.0004.

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Kabiru, Joseph G. "Trade Unionism in the Cut Flower Industry in Kenya. A Case of Kenya Plantation and Agricultural Workers Union (KPAWU)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 13 (May 31, 2018): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n13p215.

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Trade unionism in the cut flower industry has been in existence since independence. Immediately after independence, there was an amalgamation of four labour unions which represented workers in different sub-sectors within the agricultural sector. As a result, the representation of workers’ labour issues in the agricultural sector was given to only one labour union called Kenya Plantation and Agricultural Workers Union (KPAWU). Since the formation of KPAWU, scholars have enumerated different challenges, both from within and without, that affected the union in fulfilling its mandate to its workers. This article attempts to measure the extent to which the KPAWU has contributed to workers’ welfare in the cut flower industry which is one of the sub-sectors in the agricultural sector. Literature review was done on historical development of labour unions in the agricultural sector in Kenya. Further, a comparative survey was used to study workers’ welfare in three Kenyan regions which were selected for this study, which are Naivasha, Nanyuki and Thika. Quantitative techniques were used to collect and analyse survey data. These quantitative techniques were supplemented by qualitative data from key informants (KIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). Both univariate and bivariate methods of analysis were used in this study. The article establishes that trade unionism in the cut flower industry in Kenya had experienced several challenges both internal and external, like funding, poor skilled leadership and low membership registration, which have affected its growth. Currently, there is low registration of workers and poor funding of the trade union activities. Therefore, workers in the field were unsatisfied with the union. Thus, this article concludes that there is a correlation between the challenges experienced in the initial establishment of KPAWU and its contribution to workers’ welfare

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Olungo, Kennedy, and Wilfred Ukpere. "Globalisation, Working Conditions, Cheap Labour and Employment Relations in Kenya." Journal of Reviews on Global Economics 7 (December 5, 2018): 872–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-7092.2018.07.85.

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Simiyu Njororai, Wycliffe W. "Distance running in Kenya: athletics labour migration and its consequences." Leisure/Loisir 36, no. 2 (May 2012): 187–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2012.729787.

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Fox, Matthew P., Sydney Rosen, William B. MacLeod, Monique Wasunna, Margaret Bii, Ginamarie Foglia, and Jonathon L. Simon. "The impact of HIV/AIDS on labour productivity in Kenya." Tropical Medicine and International Health 9, no. 3 (March 2004): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2004.01207.x.

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30

Hezekiah, Obwoge, Dr K. Onkware, and Dr C. Iteyo. "THE SUCCESS OF CHURCH OF GOD-KENYA PROJECTS IN POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN EMUHAYA DISTRICT, WESTERN KENYA." European Journal of Philosophy, Culture and Religion 1, no. 2 (March 14, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ejpcr.220.

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Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the success of CoG-Kenya projects in poverty alleviation in Emuhaya District, Western KenyaMethodology: This study was a cross-sectional research that sought to give an examining and descriptive scrutiny of the CoG-K’s activities in Emuhaya District of Western Kenya. This study sampled a total of 312 respondents (1 Bishop, 1 General Secretary, 1 General Assembly Trustee, 1 General Assembly Treasurer, 16 Directors, 282 Pastors, and 10 Elders) through purposive sampling method. Oral interviews, questionnaire methods and focus group discussion were used to collect data from the respondents. Observation method was used to validate the information obtained through oral interviews and questionnaires. Secondary data was sourced from published and unpublished literature. Data was analyzed using the theological method of induction (TMI).Results: The study proved that the CoG-K has a role to play through her programs like Sisi kwa Sisi, Child Development Centres, Health care Units and education, thus these institutions make a significant contribution to sustainable development in Emuhaya District and are useful instruments for spearheading alleviation of poverty in the said district. The CoG-K’s development is founded upon a spirituality of mutual sustenance and transformation through its concern for the adherents’ struggle with poverty. This study found out that faith activities and the related projects implicitly advance the poverty alleviation cause, thus all development revolves around spirituality. From this perspective the CoG-K has the responsibility to engage in all aspects of development within spirituality as the foundation of such engagement.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that development experts, theologians, policy makers and practitioners should cultivate long-term relationship with the church in general and the CoG-K in particular so as implement policy for development consequently alleviating poverty.

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Mukaria, Elizabeth Mukiri, and Andrew Ratanya Mukaria. "The Traditional Understanding of Grief Among Ameru in Kenya." Jumuga Journal of Education, Oral Studies, and Human Sciences (JJEOSHS) 2, no. 1 (February 5, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35544/jjeoshs.v2i1.11.

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The main objective of this article is to explore the Ameru indigenous ways of overcoming death and grief. Death and grief have always been the most challenging thing throughout the history of human beings, and even within contemporary society. The Ameru culture provided room, space and meaning of death and life after death to both the dead and to the living. The culture was an integral part of Ameru, especially on matters of death and grief. The culture provided values found to be helpful to the well-being of the Ameru people, in a holistic way especially in the period of grief and bereavement. The article explores these meaning and how they can be relevant to the contemporary society, which ethos are guided by the Church. Today, the church plays the central role in overcoming grief and bereavement. In meaning making, there is a need for contextualization. Contextualization is an attempt to present the gospel in culturally relevant ways. For this reason, this article tries to explore some of the Ameru ways of overcoming grief and how this can be relevant to the contemporary Church diakonia work and counseling of grief.

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MAKOKHA, SIMON KHAEMBA, JOASH MUTUA WAMBUA, and ROSEMARY MBOGO. "ROLE OF THE CHURCH IN THE MORAL DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS IN CHURCH-SPONSORED SCHOOLS IN KENYA." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management Review 03, no. 05 (2020): 12–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37602/ijssmr.2020.3502.

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33

Cunningham, Tom. "“These Our Games” – Sport and the Church of Scotland Mission to Kenya, c. 1907–1937." History in Africa 43 (June 23, 2015): 259–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hia.2015.12.

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Abstract:In this article I use oral and documentary evidence gathered during recent fieldwork and archival research in the UK and Kenya to explore the ways in which the Church of Scotland Mission to Kenya attempted to use sport to “civilize” and “discipline” the people of Central Kenya. I make a case for the important contributions the topic of sport can make to the study of African and colonial history, and offer a comprehensive critique of the only book-length work which explores the history of sport in colonial Kenya, John Bale and Joe Sang’sKenyan Running(1996).

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Baraza, Hudson. "ASSESSING CONGREGANTS PERCEPTION OF VULNERABILITY OF CHURCH BUILDINGS TO SECURITY THREATS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): 213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.85.10064.

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This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis on Assessing Congregants’ perception of Vulnerability of Church Buildings to security threats in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study has been necessitated by increased cases of targeted criminal attacks on congregants and church buildings in addition to increased perceptions of congregants as soft targets of insecurity, more pertinently in Nairobi County. The study will be guided by the following objectives; to investigate the nature of perceived vulnerability against church buildings; to explore congregant’s perceptions of what constitutes church buildings security and safety; to establish congregant’s perceptions of their level of preparedness in case of a criminal attack while in church buildings service; and to determine the congregant’s perceptions of what they think should be done to secure church buildings in Nairobi County Kenya. This study was grounded by two theories; Defensive Space Concept and Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED). This study adopted a cross-sectional survey design while Stratified random sampling technique was used to pick all the main respondents. Questionnaires were used to collect data from 182 members of each church (main respondents). In addition, Key Informants (K.I) guide was used to collect qualitative data from 8 K.I who include 4 Priests (1 from each church), and 4 security guards (one from each church). Data was analyzed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and results presented using tables, bar and pie charts. The study results revealed that violent attacks against the churches in Nairobi county are on the increase (72%) and that the violent attacks against the churches in Nairobi county have inspired fear among church attendants (68.1%). Further, results showed the gun attacks were the most prevalent in church buildings (29.7%) closely followed by knife attacks (29.1%), explosive attacks (20.3%), suicide bombs (13.2%). Further, the results have revealed that some churches had employed various measures to counter violent attacks that included amongst other measures employed full time trained security staff to manage such incidents. Congregant’s perceptions on violent attacks against churches include; Knife and explosive attacks during services, but which have prompted fears of future gun or other terror attacks as is the case in other countries. According to the study; main measure of church security and safety included the Perimeter Walls, use of Surveillance cameras, use of Metal Detectors in church entrances, and heavy barriers in church entrance amongst other measures. As a policy measure, the study recommended formulation of standard security and safety measures applicable to all places of worship in Kenya that include; permanent security staff and armed security in all places of worship.

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Tarasov, Arkadiy E. "The Religious Aspect of Labour Ethics in Medieval and Early Modern Russia." International Review of Social History 56, S19 (November 21, 2011): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002085901100054x.

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SummaryThis article analyses the basic feature that defined Russian labour ethics in medieval and early modern times – its religious aspect. There are two main elements to the subject. First, the role of Eastern Christianity and Church tradition in labour regulations, and second, the realities of everyday life in Russia and the historical peculiarities of the Russian locale, its natural conditions and climatic features, which had an influence on working activity. Until the time of Peter the Great, the labour ethics of the Russian Orthodox Church saw no significant change, and their main content could be defined as an educational process.

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Beyer, Heinrich, and Hans G. Nutzinger. "Hierarchy or co-operation: labour-management relations in church institutions." Voluntas 4, no. 1 (April 1993): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01398384.

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Miruka, Collins Ogutu. "The depletion of narrative resources in the Kenyan trade union movement." Journal of Governance and Regulation 4, no. 4 (2015): 704–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v4_i4_c6_p5.

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We discuss in this study the problems of mobilization and effectiveness faced by Kenyan trade unions. In a country with high levels of unemployment and weak labour legislation, it is imperative that the labour movement devise ways of remaining relevant and effective. We combine in-depth interviews with a qualitative assessment of secondary documents on trade unions in Kenya. We do this by looking at topics addressed, characterizations of unions as well as major actors such as union leaders, workers, and political leaders. We argue that labour leaders need to enrich their vocabularies of persuasion in order to neutralize the current discourses around trade unionism in Kenya. Such an approach would enable the union leadership to acquire new repertoires of action to enhance their capacity to mobilize.

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Gathongo, Johana Kambo, and Leah Ndimurwimo. "Strikes in Essential Services in Kenya: The Doctors, Nurses and Clinical Officers' Strikes Revisited and Lessons from South Africa." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 23 (February 17, 2020): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2020/v23i0a5709.

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The right to strike is one of the fundamental rights enshrined in the Kenyan Constitution, 2010. Any limitation to the right involves the danger of collective bargaining. The right to strike is derived from the Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 that Kenya ratified on 18 July 1951. Article 2(4) of the Constitution emphasises that any law inconsistent with it is void. The Labour Relations Act, 2007 gives effect to the constitutional right to strike but is also subject to a number of limitations. Such limitations include the prohibition of strikes for employees who are engaged in essential services. Although the limitations to the right to strike may be justified, a number of bottlenecks exists in the current scope and application of the Labour Relations Act. For example, the Labour Relations Act does not provide mechanisms in terms of which essential service employees can lawfully embark on strikes. Unlike disputes in South Africa, those about essential services in Kenya are not preceded by consensus-seeking processes such as conciliation, mediation and arbitration. Instead, essential service disputes are referred directly to the Employment and Labour Relations Court for litigation. Consequently, the rights of employees who are employed in essential services like hospitals and patients' right to access health care services can easily be violated. Due to the lacunae in the Labour Relations Act, an increase in the number of strikes in essential services has been witnessed in Kenya. This article argues that the litigation of disputes in essential services should be the option of last resort. In addition, to date, more than 11 years after the Labour Relations Act came into effect, no provisions have been incorporated or even suggested that employer and trade unions need to conclude minimum service agreements and designate employees to perform the minimum services. This article suggests that, trade unions and government can work together through adopting consultative and more inclusive approaches in order to establish an effective statutory framework that regulates the right to strike in essential services in Kenya.

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Nkonge, Dickson K. "Theological Education Institutions in Kenya and the Future of the Church." Journal of Adult Theological Education 10, no. 2 (November 2013): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1740714114z.00000000020.

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Alanamu, Temilola. "Church Missionary Society evangelists and women's labour in nineteenth-century Abẹ́òkúta." Africa 88, no. 2 (May 2018): 291–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972017000924.

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AbstractThis article is about women's labour in nineteenth-century Abẹ́òkúta, in present-day south-west Nigeria. It is based on primary research which explores women's economic independence and its intricate connection to the indigenous institution of polygyny. By examining the institution from the perspective of Anglican Church Missionary Society evangelists, it also demonstrates how indigenous culture conflicted with the newly introduced Christian religion and its corresponding Victorian bourgeois ideals of the male breadwinner and the female homemaker. It investigates the extent to which missionaries understood women's work in the Yorùbá context, their representations of the practice, their attempts to halt female labour and their often unsuccessful efforts to extricate their congregations and their own families from these local practices. It argues that European Christian principles not only coloured missionary perceptions of women's labour, but influenced their opinions of the entire Yorùbá matrimonial arrangement.

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Plummer, Anita. "Kenya and China's labour relations: infrastructural development for whom, by whom?" Africa 89, no. 4 (November 2019): 680–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972019000858.

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AbstractThe Kenyan government's long-term development strategy, Vision 2030, has emphasized infrastructural investments, which it believes will lead to sustained economic growth. The government has appealed to China to fund large-scale projects in the transport sector, and as a consequence of this, construction firms from China have emerged as significant employers in the country. While the Kenyan government contends with the ongoing burden of youth unemployment, it must also reconcile the ambiguities of China's role in Africa and its implications for the labour market. This article examines two Chinese-built infrastructure projects in Kenya and their intersection with several issues involving migrant labour and local rumours of Chinese prisoners, as well as the state's vision for industrialization and youth employment. Kenyans utilize both online and interpersonal channels of discourse to critique present-day employment practices in the transport sector, and it is argued that these counter-channels of discourse represent a particular articulation of knowledge used by Kenyans to construct meaning and interpret ambiguous situations. Through a theoretical analysis of rumour, this article illustrates how ordinary Kenyans are pooling their intellectual resources to understand Sino-Kenyan labour relations in the absence of transparency and participatory government processes in the infrastructure sector.

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Catterall, Peter. "Morality and Politics: the free churches and the Labour Party between the wars." Historical Journal 36, no. 3 (September 1993): 667–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00014357.

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ABSTRACT:The inter-war period saw the decline of the Liberal party, the traditional political ally of the free churches, and the rise of the Labour party. This article traces the responses of the free churches to these developments. The relationship of the free churches with the Labour party in this period is examined at three different levels; that of the free church leadership, that of the chapels and the ordinary people in the pews and that of the nonconformists who became active in the Labour party. Whilst attitudes towards the Labour party changed within free church institutions during the inter-war years they did not become important supporters of the party, or greatly influence it. The number and proportion of individual nonconformists who were active and influential in the party in this period was however considerable. In the process not only did Labour M.P.s become the main carriers of the nonconformist conscience on issues such as drink and gambling. They also made a distinctive and important contribution to the development and ideals of the Labour party.

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Prosén, Martina. "Songs that Carry Transformation: Pentecostal Praise and Worship Rituals in Nairobi, Kenya." Mission Studies 35, no. 2 (May 31, 2018): 265–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733831-12341570.

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AbstractIn this article, the theological meaning of transformation is examined from the vantage point of a local Pentecostal church in Nairobi, Kenya, and its liturgical practices. The church under study is the Woodley branch of Christ is the Answer Ministries (CITAMWoodley), formerly Nairobi Pentecostal Church (NPC) Woodley, and data was collected through field research. Arguing with the help of Steven Land’s standard workPentecostal Spirituality. A Passion for the Kingdom, it is demonstrated that praise and worship rituals function as vehicles for transformation in the theology/spirituality of the informants. Singing and making music are not optional or random activities, but constitute a core ritual providing congregants a viable route to a central goal of Pentecostal spirituality: transformation. Transformation is thus both an idea and a goal, and praise and worship rituals – including the songs sung in worship – constitute a crucial link between the two.

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Kinas, Makokha Vincent. "THE ROLE OF CHURCH IN STATE AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS DURING THE KIBAKI ERA, 2002-2013." European Journal of Philosophy, Culture and Religion 2, no. 1 (November 1, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ejpcr.359.

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Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to determine the role of church in state and public affairs during the Kibaki Era, 2002-2013Methodology: The methodology employed in this study was qualitative in nature. The study relied mainly on the analysis of an existing dataset from secondary sources. The data was gathered from technical reports, scholarly journals, reference books, past sermons, church publications, official and unofficial doctrine, theologies and from the Kenya National Archives in Nairobi. Other sources of data collection for the study included official statistics collected by government and the various agencies, bureaus and departments. The target population for this study was the mainland churches in Kenya and the role these churches played in state and public affairs in Kenya between 2002 and 2007.Results: The Kibaki era has been characterized by many an events that have attracted by far and wide the attention of the clergy. In 2005, the most significant development of the 2005 constitutional referendum is not the defeat of the draft, but the emergence of strains and tensions not just between Christians and Muslims, but also between church and state. Another significant development was the fact that the mainline clergy were increasingly viewed as partisan and divided along ethnic lines and serving narrow political interest depending on the ethnic group to which its leaders belonged. The prophetic role and voice of the church to act as the conscience of society was lost, and the church did nothing to evaluate its own role even after the people voted to soundly reject the draft constitution.Unique contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommended that the government should put in place laws that would involve the church in government matters. This can be done by introducing motions into parliament that advocate for the direct involvement of the church. This would involve laws which ensure that a portion of all members sitting in any committee represents the church. This can also be done by the introduction of electoral posts for church representatives just as there are positions for women representatives. The study also recommends that amendments be made to the constitution to make a legal requirement that one of the nominated MPs must be from the church.

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Maina, Jaccobed W., Zipporah Kaaria, and Gregory Kivanguli. "Effect of Pastor’s Church Ministry on their Family Stability in Nairobi County, Kenya." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 29 (October 31, 2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n29p36.

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The family is an important place for individual mental growth. Pastors’ families, however, experience ministry related challenges with potential ramifications on their family stability. The specific objectives were; To find out the extent to which pastors work as a preacher affects family stability in selected churches in Eastlands – Nairobi County, to establish the extent to which pastoral care work affects family stability, and to determine the extent to which church administration work affects family stability. The research was guided by the Structural Family Theory developed by Salvador Minuchin and Family Systems theory propounded by Murray Bowen. Descriptive survey design was used. The sample of 166 respondents comprised of pastors, pastors’ spouses and adult children. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. Hypotheses were tested using Spearman’s rank correlation technique at p<.05. The results showed that the relationship between preaching and family stability was not statistically significant. However, it was found that church administration and pastoral care had a significant negative correlation with family stability. It was recommended that the church needs to find ways of mitigating negative effects of church ministry by professionalizing its human resource systems and engaging professional counsellors for pastors and their families.

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Hezekiah, Obwoge, DR R. Onkware, and Dr C. Iteyo. "THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHALLENGES FACED BY CHURCH OF GOD-KENYA IN POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN EMUHAYA DISTRICT, WESTERN KENYA." European Journal of Philosophy, Culture and Religion 1, no. 2 (March 14, 2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ejpcr.221.

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Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the socio-economic challenges faced by CoG-Kenya in poverty alleviation in Emuhaya District, Western Kenya.Methodology: This study was a cross-sectional research that sought to give an examining and descriptive scrutiny of the CoG-K’s activities in Emuhaya District of Western Kenya. This study sampled a total of 312 respondents (1 Bishop, 1 General Secretary, 1 General Assembly Trustee, 1 General Assembly Treasurer, 16 Directors, 282 Pastors, and 10 Elders) through purposive sampling method. Oral interviews, questionnaire methods and focus group discussion were used to collect data from the respondents. Observation method was used to validate the information obtained through oral interviews and questionnaires. Secondary data was sourced from published and unpublished literature. Data was analyzed using the theological method of induction (TMI).Results: The study concludes that as much as the CoG-K has made concerted attempts towards development in Emuhaya District by influencing the peoples thinking on legitimacy of wealth and education, and on the moral value of saving and investing. However some of its programs and ceremonial functions like ordination, baptism, marriage and weddings tend to retard these efforts of alleviating poverty. Although such programs and celebrations serve the poor at the grassroots level, they delay change in behavioural and institutional transformation capable of sustaining economic growth.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: There is a need to change cultural practises that tend to retard development among the adherents of the CoG-K in Emuhaya District. The study posits that cultural practices surrounding marriage and death that are repugnant and detrimental to change should be discarded if development is to take place.

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Sterne, Evelyn. "The Labour Church: The Movement and Its Message by Neil Johnson." Labour / Le Travail 84, no. 1 (2019): 360–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/llt.2019.0051.

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Williams, Beth Ann. "Mainline Churches: Networks of Belonging in Postindependence Kenya and Tanzania." Journal of Religion in Africa 48, no. 3 (December 5, 2018): 255–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700666-12340140.

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AbstractChristian churches are not abstract or ethereal institutions; they impact people’s daily decisions, weekly rhythms, and major life choices. This paper explores the continued importance of Lutheran, Presbyterian, and Anglican church membership for East African women. While much recent scholarship on Christianity in Africa has emphasized the rising prominence of Pentecostalism, I argue that historic, mission-founded churches continue to represent important sources of community formation and support for congregations. Using oral interviews with rural and urban women in Nairobi and northern Tanzania, I explore the ways churches can connect disparate populations through resource (re)distribution and shared religious aesthetic experiences. Moving below the level of church institutions, I focus on the lived experiences and motivations of everyday congregants who invest in religious communities for a range of material, interpersonal, and emotional reasons that, taken together, help us understand the ongoing importance of mainline churches in East Africa.

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Mueller, Susanne, and Galia Sabar. "Church, State, and Society in Kenya: From Mediation to Opposition 1963-1993." International Journal of African Historical Studies 36, no. 1 (2003): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3559363.

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Hunter, Malcolm. "Book Review: Christianity among the Nomads: The Catholic Church in Northern Kenya." International Bulletin of Missionary Research 30, no. 1 (January 2006): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/239693930603000118.

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