Journal articles on the topic 'Church discipline (Canon law) Criminal law (Canon law) Clergy (Canon law)'

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1

Hill, Christopher. "Education in Canon Law." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 5, no. 22 (1998): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00003240.

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For a number of years the Society has been troubled at the absence of, or at least the spasmodic nature of, any systematic teaching about Canon or Ecclesiastical law among ordinands and clergy of the Church of England. The first that an ordinand knows of law is often his or her Declaration of Assent and licensing as an Assistant Curate. Provided there are no great crises or scandals, or problems over marriages when the training Incumbent goes on holiday leaving the new Deacon to his or her own devices, the next occasion of ecclesiastical law will be at first incumbency, or possibly as a Team V
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2

Doe, Norman. "Canon Law and Communion." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 6, no. 30 (2002): 241–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x0000449x.

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This paper deals, in an introductory way, with the role which the canon law of individual Anglican churches plays in the wider context of the global Anglican Communion. Part I reflects on the two main experiences which Anglicans have concerning ecclesial order and discipline: that of the juridical order of each particular church, and that of the moral order of the global communion; it also examines canonical dimensions of inter-Anglican conflict. Part II deals with the contributions which individual canonical systems, the Anglican common law (induced from these systems), and the canonical trad
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3

Edwards, Quentin. "The Origin and Founding of the Ecclesiastical Law Society." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 5, no. 26 (2000): 316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x0000380x.

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There was an ecclesiastical law shaped hole in the Church of England from the dissolution of Doctors' Commons in 1857 until 1987 when it was filled by the formation of the Ecclesiastical Law Society. In 1947, forty years earlier, the Archbishops' Canon Law Commission had suggested how the hole might be filled. The Commission was appointed in 1939 and published its report under the title The Canon Law of the Church of England (SPCK, 1947). The Report consisted of a learned and authoritative review of the sources of English canon law and made recommendations for its reform, in particular by appe
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Bennett, Bruce S. "The Church of England and the Law of Divorce since 1837: Marriage Discipline, Ecclesiastical Law and the Establishment." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 45, no. 4 (1994): 625–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900010794.

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Ever since Henry VIII, the law of marriage has occupied a special place in the relationship between the Church of England and the state. Changes made to the law since 1857 have raised far-reaching and difficult questions about the nature of this relationship, involving the status of canon law. Marriage in church has remained, perhaps even more than the other rites of passage, an essential point at which the Church of England still touches the lives of great numbers of the otherwise unchurched, and these questions have thus impinged on the practical reality of the Church's work.
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Shibaev, D. V. "Legal Mode of the Seal of Confession. Correlation of Secular and Canon Law." Russian Journal of Legal Studies 4, no. 3 (2017): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls18289.

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The scope of regulation of social relations associated with both secular and canon law are of great interest for the researchers. In particular, they are related to the constitutional presumption of separation of church and state. At the same time, there is the tendency of more convergence of the church with the state in matters concerning property, correlation of church and secular education, etc. Implementing the mode of limited information access, the subjects of which are the clergy, is also a sphere of common interest for the state and the church. The use of the comparative - legal resear
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6

Doe, Norman. "The Teaching of Church Law: An Ecumenical Exploration Worldwide." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 15, no. 3 (2013): 267–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x13000422.

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Religion law – the law of the state on religion – has been taught for generations in the law schools of continental Europe, though its introduction in those of the United Kingdom is relatively recent. By way of contrast, within the Anglican Communion there is very little teaching about Anglican canon law. The Church of England does not itself formally train clergy or legal officers in the canon and ecclesiastical laws that they administer. There is no requirement that these be studied for clerical formation in theological colleges or in continuing ministerial education. The same applies to Ang
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7

Helmholz, R. H. "Discipline of The Clergy: Medieval and Modern." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 6, no. 30 (2002): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00004452.

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Discipline of the clergy is a subject of perennial interest—both in the popular press whenever something sensational takes place, and among the clergy and thoughtful lawyers when they are confronted either with the general problem of how best to fashion the church's law or the more immediate problem of how to deal with offenders against the church's law. The subject also has a long history. The purpose of this article is to bring to light a chapter from the century or so before the Reformation. Evidence taken from the medieval canon law and from the court records of the later Middle Ages may b
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8

Rolker, Christof. "Kings, Bishops and Incest: Extension and Subversion of the Ecclesiastical Marriage Jurisdiction around 1100." Studies in Church History 43 (2007): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042420840000317x.

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If we set out to explore ‘discipline and diversity’ in the medieval Church, canon law presents itself as a possible starting point: canon law was first of all disciplinary law. Its history can be, and has been, told as an interplay of moral decline and reform, as a conflict between discipline and diverse customs, as a struggle between one eternal order and a multitude of transgressions. However, the imposition of norms is never a unilateral process; the success of a given set of norms is often shaped by an interplay between enforcement and subversion. In the present article, I want to explore
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9

Baker, J. H. "The English Law of Sanctuary." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 2, no. 6 (1990): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00000788.

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Although the protection of churches and holy places was embodied froman early date in Canon law, the law of sanctuary as it applied in England was necessarily part of the secular common law. The Church never had the physical power to resist the secular authorities in the administration of justice, and although those who violated sanctuary were liable to excommunication the Church could not in cases of conflict prevent the removal from sanctuary of someone to whom the privilege was not allowed by the law of the land. The control of the common law judges was, indeed, tighter than in the case of
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10

Doe, Norman. "Robert Owen (1820–1902)." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 21, no. 1 (2019): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x18000959.

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This journal has published two distinguished series on the lives and careers of individual jurists in the history of English church law, from the mediaeval period to the late nineteenth century: one by Professor Sir John Baker on ‘famous English canonists’ (1988–1997); and the other by Professor Richard Helmholz on ‘notable ecclesiastical lawyers’ (2013–2017). Most prepared for their professional careers with the study of civil law at Oxford or Cambridge (and before the Reformation also of canon law). Many practised as judges, advocates and proctors in the church courts (until statute ended mu
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Bursell, Rupert D. H. "The Seal of the Confessional." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 2, no. 7 (1990): 84–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00000958.

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The seal of the confessional was part of the canon law applied in England before the Reformation. It was also part of that law which was continued in force at the Reformation, as is confirmed by the proviso to canon 113 of the 1603 Canons. This proviso is still in force and proprio vigore binds the clergy of the Church of England. By the Act of Uniformity, 1662, the hearing of confessions was enjoined upon those clergy in certain circumstances; the law places no limit upon the frequency of their being heard. It is unsurprising that there are infrequent references to the seal of the confessiona
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12

Gallagher, Clarence. "Diversity in Unity: Approaches to Church Order in Rome and in Byzantium." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 6, no. 30 (2002): 208–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00004476.

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This evening I propose to offer you some of the results of my research for a book I have recently completed. I examined the work of canonists, in the Eastern and Western parts of the Christian community. I explained what they did and indicated the contribution they made to the development of canon law in the first millennium of Christianity. The book deals primarily with Rome and Constantinople, though there is an excursus into Methodius and the Slavs and into the Churches in Syria and Persia. What binds the chapters together, and makes them more than a collection of disparate essays, is the p
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Behrend-Martínez, Edward. "Female Sexual Potency in a Spanish Church Court, 1673–1735." Law and History Review 24, no. 2 (2006): 297–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248000003345.

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Between 1650 and 1750, the Northern Spanish bishopric of Calahorra and La Calzada adjudicated eight suits against allegedly impotent wives and one case against a castrated woman.1 These suits were marital, not criminal, and usually entailed a husband accusing his wife of being impotent. They are particularly valuable for the historian of sex and gender because these cases occurred at the local level, among rural Spaniards, and in an ordinary bishop's court. These local church court trials allow us to avoid the rarified cultural world of political and religious élites.2 They offer, instead, a g
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Podmore, Colin. "Self-Government Without Disestablishment: From the Enabling Act to the General Synod." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 21, no. 3 (2019): 312–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x19000693.

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The process of Church–State separation began 90 years before the 1919 Enabling Act, which gave the Church Assembly legislative powers. The Assembly was conceived not by William Temple's Life and Liberty movement but by aristocratic Conservative politicians, motivated by practical efficiency and High Church principles. With Church lawyers, they dominated it for 40 years. The Church's response to Parliament's rejection of the 1928 Prayer Book, to the Matrimonial Causes Act 1937 and, in the 1950s, to the impossibility of fully articulating in the Church of England's canon law its doctrine on marr
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15

Nash, Patrick S. "The Never-Ending Story? Or, Does the Roman Catholic Church Remain Vulnerable to Charges of Improper Handling of Clergy Child Sex Abuse?" Oxford Journal of Law and Religion 8, no. 2 (2019): 270–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ojlr/rwy053.

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Abstract This article explores whether the Roman Catholic Church’s response to the clergy child sex abuse scandal shields it from further charges of improper handling of cases. It begins by noting the current topicality of institutionalized abuse and how several high-profile public inquiries have recently been established to investigate child sex abuse across a range of secular and religious organizational settings. Although numerous religious institutions have become embroiled in clergy child abuse crises, the Catholic Church has come in for particular scrutiny and condemnation on account of
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Gręźlikowski, Janusz. "Czym był dla Kościoła Sobór Trydencki (1545-1563)? : (refleksje w 440-tą rocznicę od zakończenia obrad)." Prawo Kanoniczne 46, no. 3-4 (2003): 171–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/pk.2003.46.3-4.07.

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In the history of canon law, as well as like in history of many other forms and aspects of ecclesiastical life, Trident Council (1545-1563) was of a great importance. Renovation work initiated by Council, thought as remedy for crisis situation intensified by reformation outbreak, was without any doubts a turning point not only in history of church legislation, but also in the history of Church itself. For hundred and forty years from ending of the conference of Trident Council is an occasion for discerning reflection over the role and importance of votes of that significant and grave event in
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17

Grout, Christopher. "The Seal of the Confessional and the Criminal Law of England and Wales." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 22, no. 2 (2020): 138–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x20000034.

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The seal of the confessional is often described as ‘inviolable’. The idea that what is said or done in furtherance of private confession may be subjected to scrutiny as part of litigation is often considered to be absurd. But what is the legal basis for such forthright rejection? The revised Canons of the Church of England do not address the issue at all; instead the matter falls to be covered by the unrepealed proviso to Canon 113 of the Code of 1603. In England and Wales there is no primary legislation which clearly and coherently deals with the question of the admissibility of matters said
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18

Phillips, J. R. S. "The Irish remonstrance of 1317: an international perspective." Irish Historical Studies 27, no. 106 (1990): 112–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400018265.

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The document commonly known as the ‘Remonstrance of the Irish princes’, which was sent to Pope John XXII in or about 1317, has inspired a great deal of written comment since the text first became generally available during the nineteenth century. It has been seen as an early statement and vindication of Irish national identity and political independence; it throws light on the application of the English common law in early fourteenth-century Ireland; it illustrates the relations between English and Irish monks and secular clergy within the Irish church; it demonstrates that in the early fourte
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Lakatos, Bálint, and Gábor Mikó. "Über die mittelalterliche Kirchengerichtsbarkeit des Königreichs Ungarn: Das Beispiel der Tätigkeit des Graner Kirchengerichts unter dem Generalvikar Matthäus de Vicedominis (1399–1428)." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Kanonistische Abteilung 102, no. 1 (2016): 242–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.26498/zrgka-2016-0111.

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Abstract On medieval church legislation in the Kingdom of Hungary - the diocesan law tribunal of Esztergom under the vicar Matteo di Vicedomini di Piacenza (1399-1428). In this paper the authors present the organization and work of medieval ecclesiastical courts of the Hungarian Kingdom in the 14th and 15th centuries in general, and on the other hand they examine this in detail by evaluation of a single court’s activity. The diocesan law courts were tribunals of first instance led by an officialis who was called in Hungary vicarius generalis, usually a doctor of canon law helped by assessores
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20

Wood, Diana. "Discipline and Diversity in the Medieval English Sunday." Studies in Church History 43 (2007): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400003211.

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The medieval Church had strict disciplinary rules about how Sunday should be observed, but in England there was considerable diversity in interpreting and honouring them. The medieval English Sunday is a vast and challenging subject, yet despite this, and the controversy excited by the Sunday Trading Act of 1994 which allowed shops to open, it has excited little recent attention.The discipline of Sunday was laid down in the Third Commandment (Exod. 20: 8–11), where Christians were ordered to keep holy the Sabbath day and told ‘In it thou shalt not do any work.’ This was reinforced in canon law
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Doe, Norman. "Samuel Hallifax (1733–1790)." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 22, no. 1 (2019): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x19001704.

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Trinity Hall, Cambridge was founded in 1350 by William Bateman, Bishop of Norwich, for the study of canon law and civil law, as provided in its statutes. It later developed a direct connection with Doctors’ Commons in London, the College of Advocates practising in the church and admiralty courts. In the period 1512–1856, of the 462 admitted as advocates, 85 were from the Hall, including 15 masters and 45 fellows. From 1558 to 1857, the Hall had 9 out of about 25 Deans of Arches: two under Elizabeth, three at the end of the seventeenth century, three in the eighteenth century and one in the nin
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Gundacker, Jay. "Absolutions and Acts of Disobedience: Excommunication and Society in Fourteenth-Century Armagh." Traditio 64 (2009): 183–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362152900002294.

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In the Bull of Promulgation of his 1234 Compilation of Decretals (commonly known as the Liber extra), Pope Gregory IX declared the goal of written law to be that “the human race is instructed that it should live honorably, should not injure another, and should accord to each person his own rights.” Yet despite the proliferation of canon laws and ecclesiastical legal procedures, Archbishop Milo Sweteman, metropolitan of the Irish province of Armagh from 1361 to 1380, could still complain about the futility of the church's ultimate legal measure, excommunication, against the many crimes of local
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Hahn, Judith. "Moral Certitude: Merits and Demerits of the Standard of Proof Applied in Roman Catholic Jurisprudence." Oxford Journal of Law and Religion 8, no. 2 (2019): 300–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ojlr/rwz012.

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Abstract In Roman Catholic canon law, moral certitude describes the ecclesiastical judge’s full conviction that a defendant is guilty or that a statement of claim made by a civil plaintiff is rightful. Moral certitude is the requirement for a conviction or a civil sentence in favour of the party under the burden of proof. Secular legal orders apply other standards. Anglo-American legal cultures mostly refer to the beyond a reasonable doubt standard in criminal cases, the preponderance of evidence, or the clear and convincing evidence standard in civil matters. Continental European cultures pre
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Ratajczak, Krzysztof. "Legaci apostolscy w Polsce w wiekach średnich i ich rola w przyjmowaniu partykularnego ustawodawstwa kościelnego przez Kościół polski – aspekty edukacyjne." Biuletyn Historii Wychowania, no. 26 (March 10, 2019): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bhw.2010.26.1.

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The official reception of the conciliar legislation in medieval Poland was greatly influenced by the papal legates, ambassadors endowed with papal authority, who brought conciliar canons to the country ruled at the time by the Piasts and made them public at councils convened with the participation of papal legates, closely monitored the observance of Canon Law and its scope expansion, concurred statutes of Polish provincial and diocesan councils, approved or rejected nominations of bishops, etc. They also acted as intermediaries in personal interventions of popes in their involvement in the fu
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Loshkareva, Maria E. "Excommunicated Princes in Medieval Wales." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 464 (2021): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/464/15.

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Excommunication as a punishment for violating church rules on marriage and family relations was repeatedly imposed on members of Welsh dynasties during the 12th century. The aim of the research is to define the true reasons of such strict measures by means of analyzing historical sources: Welsh and English chronicles, including the Chronicle of the Princes, Annales Monastici, the corpus of Welsh native law texts known as the Law of Hywel Dda, the Historical Works of Gerald of Wales, some legal acts and official correspondence concerning Wales, including Thomas Becket’s letters. The Welsh nativ
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Nowak, Piotr. "Władza sądownicza biskupa galijskiego według Grzegorza z Tours." Vox Patrum 62 (September 4, 2014): 365–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.3591.

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From the examples preserved in literature of Gregory of Tours the Gallic Church in the 6th century accomplished a crucial role in the judiciary system of the age. Bishops used to resolve not only own matters concerning the clergy or Canon Laws but also used to pass judgements on various arguments in which lay people were the parties. The highest hierarch acted alone or in the presence of the lay judge and other participants of the dispute and was unquestionably fulfilling formal procedural line. In the judicial procedure the bishop was appearing mainly as a mediator, with hope to reach the com
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Gręźlikowski, Janusz. "Czwarty synod archidiecezji warszawskiej." Prawo Kanoniczne 52, no. 3-4 (2009): 23–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/pk.2009.52.3-4.01.

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The 4th Synod of the Warsaw Archdioceses was debating during the five-year period, between 19th March 1998 and 19th March 2003 when the Warsaw Church had been run by the primate of Poland, cardinal Joseph Glemp. He proposed, summoned and carried out the synod and promulgated its resolutions. The initiative of summoning the synod was connected with the need for overall renewal of the religious and moral life of the Warsaw archdiocese. The synod’s deliberations and its resolutions were to cause the betterment of the organization and functioning of administrative and pastoral apparatus in the arc
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Swanson, R. N. "The ‘Mendicant Problem’ in the Later Middle Ages." Studies in Church History. Subsidia 11 (1999): 217–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143045900002295.

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Almost from their foundation, the mendicant orders proved problematic. Their insistence on poverty, their preaching skills, and their responsiveness to contemporary spirituality challenged the Church at many levels, providing standards against which the secular clergy might be judged and found wanting. Their dependence on papal privileges which limited episcopal oversight, and their claims to a special role as confessors and preachers, threatened the Church’s current order, especially in parishes. By undermining the parish priest’s authority — jurisdictionally by offering confession and absolu
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Tarkowski, Mikołaj. "PRAWO PUBLICZNE NA UNIWERSYTECIE STEFANA BATOREGO W WILNIE." Zeszyty Prawnicze 9, no. 1 (2017): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2009.9.1.08.

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Public Law at The University of Stefan Batory in VilniusSummaryThe Law Faculty and Social Science of University of Stefan Batory was a centre of the science of Vilnius lawyers in the interwar period. Examinations and lectures were run both in the field of the public law, private, as well as of support sciences of the law. The article is devoted to the learning of the public law and his academic teachers. Lectures directed for getting to know such objects as the constitutional, church, criminal, tax and administrative law were run on different ranks of studies (from II till the IV year). Syllab
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Burgess, Clive, and Beat Kümin. "Penitential Bequests and Parish Regimes in Late Medieval England." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 44, no. 4 (1993): 610–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900077824.

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The orthodoxy which dismissed the pre-Reformation parish as the point where the many failings of the Church met to blight ordinary lives has exercised a tenacious grip on the historical imagination. Current opinion, on the other hand, perceives the parish as deserving of inquiry, not least because of a dawning realisation that it was a point where managerial expertise and a noteworthy buoyancy of spirit intersected. Ostentatious programmes of church rebuilding and embellishment testify both to competence and to a vitality bordering on exuberance in many parish communities. If more difficult to
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Chumakova, Tatiana V., and Michaela Moravchikova. "Studying the problems of church autocephaly in the socio-political context of the 19 th — early 20 th centuries in Russia." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies 36, no. 3 (2020): 582–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2020.314.

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The article is devoted to the study of the problem of autocephaly of Orthodox Churches in Russia during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Interest in this aspect of aspect of Orthodox ecclesiology and canon law intensified not only because of the development of Orthodox theology in Russia, but also due to the fact that this problem acquired political significance. It was connected with some matters of domestic and foreign policy of the Russian Empire. The annexation of Georgian in the early nineteenth century and liquidation of the autocephaly of the Georgian Church by the decision of th
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CIARDI, ANNA MINARA. "“PER CLERUM ET POPULUM”? LEGAL TERMINOLOGY AND EPISCOPAL APPOINTMENTS IN DENMARK 1059–1225." Traditio 71 (2016): 143–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tdo.2016.11.

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The phrase per clerum et populum (“by clergy and people”) was traditionally used to describe how the election of a bishop had been or should be undertaken. Over the course of the twelfth century this changed. Ecclesiastical legislation was step by step revised and codified. The aim of the reformers was to safeguard the autonomy of the Church and to reduce lay influence. The purposes of this article are, first, to examine legal terminology in the context of episcopal appointments from 1059 to 1215, with special reference to the formula per clerum et populum and the role of cathedral chapters as
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Gręźlikowski, Janusz. "Dziekani w ustawodawstwie synodalnym diecezji włocławskiej." Prawo Kanoniczne 52, no. 1-2 (2009): 255–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/pk.2009.52.1-2.10.

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The introduce analysis the synodal resolution of the dioceses of Włocławek on space eight centuries on angle dean’s office, its authorization, duty and tasks in diocese, give conviction haw important is this office and necessary to realization religious mission of Church and his spiritual mission. From the beginning formation this office, through its evolution and actual obligatory norms of canon law, this office always write in mission of Church, joint action in realize and many methods activity community of the People of God. Moreover office of deans, definite authorizations and obligations
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Clarke, Peter D., and Michael C. Questier. "EDITORS’ PREFACE." Camden Fifth Series 48 (September 4, 2015): vii—viii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960116315000238.

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The current volume brings together contributions from two separate editors. The first is a collection of texts edited by Peter Clarke that evidence Cardinal Thomas Wolsey's legatine powers to grant dispensations and other papal graces and his exercise of these powers during the 1520s in Henry VIII's realm. The second is a text edited by Michael Questier. It takes the form of glosses on and suggested readings of the Elizabethan statute law which imposed treason penalties on Catholic clergy who exercised their office in reconciling to Rome (i.e. absolving from schism and heresy) and on those who
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Hawker, The Ven Alan. "Faithful Discipleship: Clergy Discipline in Anglican and Roman Catholic Canon Law edited by Mark Hill, The Centre for Law and Religion, Cardiff University, in collaboration with The Pontifical University of St Thomas Aquinas, Rome, Italy, 2001, xxi + 297 pp (£15 or £10 to members of the Ecclesiastical Law Society), obtainable from the Centre for Law and Religion, Cardiff University, Law Building, Museum Avenue, PO Box 427, Cardiff CF10 3XJ." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 6, no. 30 (2002): 274–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00004531.

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Borecki, Paweł. "Odpowiedzialność kościelnych osób prawnych za czyny pedofilskie duchownego – wyrok na miarę precedensu. Uwagi w sprawie wyroku Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 31 marca 2020 r., sygn. II CSK 124/19." Studia Prawa Publicznego, no. 3 (31) (October 15, 2020): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/spp.2020.3.31.2.

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The judgment of March 31, 2020, file ref. II CSK 124/19, has great social and legal significance. It is the first Supreme Court ruling concerning the civil liability of church legal entities for pedophilic acts committed by a clergyman. The Supreme Court shared the view of the Court of Appeal accepting the liability of church legal persons in the light of all the facts of the case of Art. 430 of the Civil Code (culpability in supervision). However, it convincingly distanced itself from the position of the District Court (court of first instance) that liability under Art. 429 of the Civil Code
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Jaszcz, Adam Mariusz. "HISTORIC-LEGAL DOCTRINE ON THE DIOCESAN SYNOD AND LEGISLATION IN FORCE. ACTIVITY OF THE POLISH DIOCESES." Review of European and Comparative Law 2627, no. 34 (2016): 169–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/recl.4988.

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In the first centuries of Christianity a meeting of small communities was considered as the way of resolving conflicts, making important decisions, and seeking God’s will for the community. With the increasing number of believers followed necessary decentralization of ecclesiastical structures so that dioceses could decide on administrative and organizational matters. Clergy assemblies have served these issues and we can consider them today as prefiguration of diocesan synods. Most authors believe that the first diocesan synod assembly took place in France in Auxerre in A.D 578. Over the centu
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Clavel, Juan Masia. "PROMESA, ACUERDO Y SÍMBOLO EN LA UNIÓN ESPONSAL." Perspectiva Teológica 47, no. 131 (2015): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20911/21768757v47n131p37/2015.

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Promessa, contrato e símbolo na união conjugal. Através de uma reflexão anthropologica e evangelica tentamos superar a perspectiva somente jurídica sobre o vinculo conjugal e considerar como cuidar a fidelidade no processo da promessa conjugal e na situação do divorcio. A proteção da promessa pessoal é responsabilidade da consciência dos cônjuges. A proteção do contrato depende do direito. A Igreja testemunha do sentido sacramental da uniâo como simbolo do amor de Deus. Indissolubilidade nao é um ponto da partida senão uma finalidade. Em lugar de falar de uma indissolubilidade abstrata e somen
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McKee, Elsie. "Katharina Schütz Zell, Idelette de Bure, and Reformed Women’s Views and Experience of Marriage." REFLEXUS - Revista Semestral de Teologia e Ciências das Religiões 11, no. 17 (2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20890/reflexus.v11i17.486.

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The Protestant movement had a significantly positive effect on early modern understandings of marriage, and women of the Reformed tradition participated actively in these changes. Protestants rejected celibacy as a good work to earn God’s favor and elevated marriage as an ideal for Christians, including for clergy. One way that Reformed women expressed their faith was by marrying priests, thus acting on their conviction of Biblical authority (e.g., 1 Tim. 3) over canon law which prohibited clerical marriage. Former nuns, citizens of good reputation, married reformers as expressions of faith. A
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Kras, Paweł. "Public Penance of Heretics: its Forms and Functions." Roczniki Humanistyczne 66, no. 2 SELECTED PAPERS IN ENGLISH (2019): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh.2018.66.2-4se.

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The Polish version of the article was published in “Roczniki Humanistyczne,” vol. 59 (2011), issue 2.
 The article discusses the origins of public penance for heresy in the early Christian tradition as well as examining its application in the penitential practice of the medieval Church. It demonstrates how public penance for mortal sins, which took shape in Late Antiquity, was later adopted and developed within the system of Medieval Inquisition. In the medieval collections of canon law, heresy was qualified as a religious crime which required special public penance. Following the guideli
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Romane, Zane. "CIVIL GUARANTEE OF THE CHURCH'S MARRIAGE." INDIVIDUAL. SOCIETY. STATE. Proceedings of the International Student and Teacher Scientific and Practical Conference, May 18, 2019, 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/iss2019.5291.

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Marriage has existed as a method of regulating relations since the beginning of humanity. In Latvia, marriage can be concluded at a registry office or by the clergy. During the study it was found out that concluding a marriage in church and civil marriage is contradictory. It is possible that a married couple that concluded their marriage in church get divorced in accordance with the civil law, but in accordance with the canon law they are still married.
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Ingesman, Per. "Begrebet 'irregularitet' i den middelalderlige kirke." Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift, no. 30 (April 1, 1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/rt.v0i30.3864.

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A series of registres in the archives of the Papal Penitentiary in Rome, only recently made accessible to historical research, contain papal absolutions and dispensations from the Later Middle Ages in large numbers. Many of them are dealing with irregularity, a canon law concept designating various hindrances to ordination. After a short introduction to the Penitentiary and its archives, the first part of the articles examines the different forms of irregularity as described in canon law, trying to compare legal prescriptions with administrative practice. The second part of the article examine
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Van den Broeke, Leon. "The composition of reformed church orders: A theological, reformed and juridical perspective." In die Skriflig/In Luce Verbi 52, no. 2 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ids.v52i2.2351.

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Many reformed church orders, which reflect the Dort Church Order of 1619, albeit revised, still apply its subdivision into these four chapters: firstly, offices (dienste); secondly, general assemblies (samekomste); thirdly, doctrine, sacraments and other ceremonies (leer, sakramente en seremonies); and fourthly, church discipline (kerklike tug). This article focuses on the composition of church orders. The research question is the following: How are reformed church orders composed and what it the ecclesiological or juridical rationale behind this composition? This article contains paragraphs o
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Meyer, Christoph H. F. "Kanonistik im Zeitalter von Absolutismus und Aufklärung: Spielräume und Potentiale einer Disziplin im Spannungsfeld von Kirche, Staat und Publizität (Canon Law in the Age of Absolutism and Enlightenment: Scope and Potential of a Discipline between Church, State and Publicity)." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2184754.

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Franks, Rachel. "A Taste for Murder: The Curious Case of Crime Fiction." M/C Journal 17, no. 1 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.770.

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Introduction Crime fiction is one of the world’s most popular genres. Indeed, it has been estimated that as many as one in every three new novels, published in English, is classified within the crime fiction category (Knight xi). These new entrants to the market are forced to jostle for space on bookstore and library shelves with reprints of classic crime novels; such works placed in, often fierce, competition against their contemporaries as well as many of their predecessors. Raymond Chandler, in his well-known essay The Simple Art of Murder, noted Ernest Hemingway’s observation that “the goo
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