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Journal articles on the topic 'Church history – 20th century'
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1
Maritz, P. J. "History reconstruction: Third century parallels to 20th century South African Church 'History Origen Adamantinus." Verbum et Ecclesia 18, no. 2 (July 4, 1997): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v18i2.564.
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History reconstruction: Third century parallels to 20th century South African Church History - Origen Adamantinus. In this paper a possible third century contribution to Church History reconstruction is considered. This is employed as an example for South African church historians who are dedicated to history interpretation, whether it be from the perspective of: acceptance on face value; justification; verification; criticism or renunciation of twentieth century historical events and the WG)'S in which they have influenced the prophetic task of the church in South Africa. To this end, a parallel is drawn between third century Origen and a few South African church figures from the twentieth century, which will highlight the church's continuing prophetic ministry.
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Markkola, Pirjo. "The Long History of Lutheranism in Scandinavia. From State Religion to the People’s Church." Perichoresis 13, no. 2 (October 1, 2015): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/perc-2015-0007.
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Abstract As the main religion of Finland, but also of entire Scandinavia, Lutheranism has a centuries-long history. Until 1809 Finland formed the eastern part of the Swedish Kingdom, from 1809 to 1917 it was a Grand Duchy within the Russian Empire, and in 1917 Finland gained independence. In the 1520s the Lutheran Reformation reached the Swedish realm and gradually Lutheranism was made the state religion in Sweden. In the 19th century the Emperor in Russia recognized the official Lutheran confession and the status of the Lutheran Church as a state church in Finland. In the 20th century Lutheran church leaders preferred to use the concept people’s church. The Lutheran Church is still the majority church. In the beginning of 2015, some 74 percent of all Finns were members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. In this issue of Perichoresis, Finnish historians interested in the role of church and Christian faith in society look at the religious history of Finland and Scandinavia. The articles are mainly organized in chronological order, starting from the early modern period and covering several centuries until the late 20th century and the building of the welfare state in Finland. This introductory article gives a brief overview of state-church relations in Finland and presents the overall theme of this issue focusing on Finnish Lutheranism. Our studies suggest that 16th and early 17th century Finland may not have been quite so devoutly Lutheran as is commonly claimed, and that late 20th century Finland may have been more Lutheran than is commonly realized.
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Morrison, Angus. "Separatist Presbyterianism in 20th Century Scotland." Religions 13, no. 7 (June 21, 2022): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13070571.
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This essay aims to give an account of separatist Presbyterian denominations in the context of Christianity in Scotland in the 20th century. After a brief introduction, attention is first given to the circumstances in which the denominations concerned were birthed. A second section looks at their current place within the wider Scottish context. In the third section, further attention is paid to the two most recent, late 20th century, divisions, those of 1989 and 2000. Concluding reflections seek to view the scene, thus sketched, through a wider lens and to look to the future with a degree of hope for reconciliation and healing. This paper is indebted to the invaluable insights, particularly in regard to the content of its third section, of the Revd Archie McPhail. Sincere thanks are also due to the Revd Martin Keane, Principal Clerk of the United Free Church, and the Revd David Meredith, Mission Director of the Free Church of Scotland, for their gracious and helpful responses to specific queries about their respective denominations. Any errors of fact or judgement are of course those of the author. In writing on a subject as difficult—and painful—as this, one inevitably brings personal perspectives to bear. Those of this writer have inevitably been formed, at least in part, in the context of an unusual ecclesiastical journey within the territory of three denominations—the Free Presbyterian Church, the Associated Presbyterian Churches and the Church of Scotland. Personal involvement in the history and denominational transfers of recent decades, together with long service as a parish minister and experience as a former Moderator, lend to the paper its distinctive angle of approach.
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Meiring, P. G. J. "Poverty - The road ahead. A theological perspective." Verbum et Ecclesia 14, no. 2 (July 19, 1993): 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v14i2.1072.
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The article focuses on the role of the Church in combating poverty in South Africa. After a brief discussion of Biblical perspectives on poverty, an overview of the involvement of the Church throughout history, especially during the second half of the 20th century, is given.
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Pshenychnyi, T. "UKRAINIAN GREEK CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY: THE ANALYSIS OF MODERN HISTORIOGRAPHY." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 137 (2018): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2018.137.2.06.
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Ukrainian Church History is a great field for scientific research. The 20th century was a kind of test for the survival and self-determination of Ukrainian churches. Through the spread of general pressure on the Ukrainian national movement, a repression mechanism was introduced against the Institute of the Church as an integral part of the social life of Ukrainian people in the Soviet Union. A characteristic feature of the anti-church campaign in the Ukrainian SSR was the introduction of a “new” model of social relations, built on the principles of atheism and godlessness. The only legal national church until March 1946, which opposed this path, was the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. In the second half of the 20th century its clergy, while in an unlawful position in the USSR, remained in the center of the Ukrainian resistance movement against the Soviet system. The article presents the modern view of domestic and foreign scholars on the history of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in the second half of the 20th century. On the basis of a broad historiographic base, an attempt was made to show the place of the UGCC in the Ukrainian national movement, its influence on the democratization of social processes in the second half of the 1980s, and others. Thanks to the works of foreign historians, the relevance of church issues in the study of socio-political processes in the USSR is shown. According to some scholars, ignoring this it is impossible to understand the phenomenon of the national movement itself, including in the western regions of the Ukrainian SSR.
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Graf, Friedrich Wilhelm, and Lutz Raphael. "Einleitung Christliche Glaubenswelten im 20. Jahrhundert." Journal of Modern European History 3, no. 2 (September 2005): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/1611-8944_2005_2_140.
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Spheres of Christian Belief in the 20th Century From the current perspective, religion, Christianity and the Church have been gaining greater importance for 20th century European history than had been accorded them for a long time by contemporary historians. The articles in this periodical take up some key themes of the history of religion: A primary dimension addresses interrelations of religion and politics, the state and Christian Churches, political and religious movements; the presence of religion and the Church in the new media of the century, that is, radio, film and television, opens up a second dimension. A third key topic of a history of European religion of the last four decades addresses the interaction of social change with the genesis of new forms of belief and religiosity. Investigating all these subjects as well as numerous other themes requires opening up the methodology of the study of the history of religion to approaches of «religious economics», the precise knowledge of theological approaches to and interpretations of problems and the intensive intellectual exchange with the other disciplines of religious scholarship.
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Kosik, O. V. "Illegal Church Document from the Era of Persecution (1920–1930 of the 20th Century)." Orthodoxia, no. 2 (December 25, 2023): 170–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.53822/2712-9276-2023-2-170-191.
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The research of the history of the Russian Orthodox Church of the 20th century is largely based on the study of documents of that era drawn up in the church milieu. Since all kinds of church publications were prohibited, the reproduction of documents in private — by copying or retyping — gained ground in Russia of the 1920s and 1930s. These documents played the role of the church press — they introduced the events of church life, expressed beliefs in the rightness of the author or a group of like-minded people, unmasked ideological opponents, and also served to communicate with foreign church figures. The reproduction of such documents, in case of their discovery by authorities, could endanger not only the authors thereof and the persons mentioned therein, but also ordinary copyists and put them all to punitive measures such as purge. Thanks to the ascetics who preserved them, these documents remain the most important information sources in the field of history of the Russian Orthodox Church in the era of persecution. The article lists the documents that were taken abroad — letters of Bishop Damaskin (Cedric), the collection of church documents “The Case of Metropolitan Sergius”. Moreover, it analyzes documents both originating from the clerical office of Metropolitan Sergius (Stragorodsky) and generated by church figures opposed to Deputy Patriarchal Locum Tenens. A large number of documents was drawn up by Mikhail Novosyolov himself and the circle of his close associates. Also, the most important documents of that era are the letters of Metropolitan Kirill (Smirnov) and replies of Metropolitan Sergius (Stragorodsky). The article pays special attention to the transfer abroad of the collection of church documents entitled “The Case of Metropolitan Sergius”, the role of the journalist Mikhail Brоndsted (pseudonym: Mikhail Artemyev), who left abroad in 1930, and his articles published abroad on underground literature in the Soviet Union. The problem of the authorship of anonymous sources, the authenticity of documents distributed in the church milieu is also raised here. The Joint State Political Directorate of the Soviet Union actively used church documents found during arrests to persecute believers. Fragments of these documents often became the basis for indictments, as evidence of the accused’s anti-Soviet activity. The article also mentions the role of collectors of church documents during the persecution against the Church — Archpresbyter Michael Polsky, Mikhail Gubonin, Metropolitan Manuel (Lemeshevsky).
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Filippov, Boris. "The Catholic Church: a history of the present-day institutional crisis." St. Tikhons' University Review 116 (February 29, 2024): 116–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturii2024116.116-143.
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This article is devoted the deepest since the Reformation of the 16th century crisis of the Catholic Church. The author connects its causes with tectonic shifts in the history of our civilization and the whole world in the last 200 years. It is the end of the Constantinian era in the history of Christianity And the cultural (in Western terminology, anthropological) crises and technological revolutions of the late 60s and mid-70s XX century led to a crisis of all institutionally organized Christianity. The crisis of the Catholic Church became part of this global crisis of church institutions. The actual Catholic reasons for it were: the preserve in the 20th and 21st centuries the post-Tridentine clerical model of the Church and the transformation of the Catholic Church by the middle of the 20th century from Western European to the world’s church. An additional source of the crisis was the crisis of two important and male oriented leadership institutions: the traditional family model and the celibate-based hierarchical structure of the Catholic Church. As a result, over the past 50 years, the growth in the number of clergy and monascitism has practically ceased. Thus worsened the very possibility of the Church fulfilling its Mission. A paradoxical situation has developed in the Catholic Church today: the numerical increase of the baptized is accompanied by a mass exodus of believers. Awareness of the crisis is happening very slowly. Public discussion of church problems began only with the election of Pope Francis. The institutional nature of the crisis is illustrated in the article using the example of the “pedophile scandal.” It made it possible to identify the problem of spiritual and physical violence in the Church not only against children, but also against adults (seminarians, nuns, disabled people). The crisis has made it possible to draw attention to the presence of mental problems among young people entering seminaries and those ordained. The scandal virtually destroyed the moral authority of the clergy in Catholic countries. The author believes that the entire church hierarchy has been struck by paralysis: the inability to respond in time and effectively to problems and challenges. All this seriously complicates the way out of the crisis.
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Kashevarov, A. N. "The History of the Russian Church Diaspora in the Third Quarter of the 20th Century in a New Monograph by the Moscow Researcher A. A. Kostryukov." Modern History of Russia 12, no. 4 (2022): 1069–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2022.416.
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The article analyzes the new book “The Russian Church Abroad under Metropolitan Philaret (Voznesensky), 1964–1985” by the Moscow historian A. A. Kostryukov. Despite the presence of a number of works on the history of the Russian Church Abroad in the 1960s–1980s, major studies that comprehensively characterize the period of the reign of Metropolitan Filaret, before the appearance of the book by A. A. Kostryukov, was not in historiography. The absolute merit of the monograph under review is an objective and unbiased study of the relationship of the Russian Church Abroad with the Moscow Patriarchate and other Local Churches, as well as the exposure of myths, misconceptions and the identification of “blank spots” in relation to a number of topics important for the history of the Church Abroad: the condemnation of ecumenism, unfulfilled hopes in relation to the “catacomb church” in the USSR, on the canonization of the royal family, the new martyrs and confessors of Russia. The monograph also outlines the key problems and important events in the history of other branches of the Russian Church Abroad in the last quarter of the 20th century — the Western European Exarchate of Russian Parishes, which was administratively subordinate to the Patriarch of Constantinople, and the North American Metropolis, which in 1970 received from the Moscow Patriarchate the status of autocephalous (independent) under the name of the Orthodox Church in America. Thus, A. A. Kostryukov studied the complex processes concerning the entire Russian church diaspora, including its connections and relations, both with the Moscow Patriarchate and with other Local Churches and, above all, with the Patriarchate of Constantinople. On the whole, the work under review is the first fundamental work on the history of the Russian Church Abroad in the third quarter of the 20th century.
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MERKULOV, A. V., and A. V. FILIMONOV. "THE CHURCH AND THE SCHOOL IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY– THE BEGINNING OF THE 20th CENTURY." JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AND MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION 12, no. 3 (2023): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2225-8272-2023-12-3-72-82.
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The purpose of the article is to analyze the Church and the School in the Russian Empire of the second half of the 19th century. The study of this subject is of great importance in understanding the history of Russia and the role of the Church in society. Modern science given quite close attention to the problems of interaction between religion and the state in the process of historical development of Russia. Studying the interaction of Church and the School in Russia at that time can help to better understand the role of religion in society and its impact on education. The conclusions made by the authors help to clarify the system of relations be-tween Church and state in Russia at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century. The problems raised and the ways to solve them can be useful for modern educational and religious institutions facing issues of interaction between religion and education. As a result, the author concludes that the study of this subject can help to better understand the principles and values that were important for Russian society in the late 19th - early 20th centuries.
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Talbot, Brian R. "Baptists in Scotland and Their Publications in the Long 20th Century." Religions 13, no. 6 (June 17, 2022): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13060564.
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The impression is given in studies of theological books published in Scotland in the long twentieth-century that Scottish Baptists produced few significant works of academic scholarship. There is also no indication of any significant contribution made by more popular studies in theology or in church history. There is no doubt that only a very small number of scholars from this constituency have produced notable works in the fields of biblical studies missiology or theology, though a much larger number of works were produced for the benefit of the members of Christian congregations in this country. In the field of church history, very few works were published in the first half of the twentieth century, but by contrast, an increasing number of authors contributed to a flourishing area of studies in more recent decades. However, this study seeks to demonstrate that far more books were published than had been expected, and further studies are likely to increase this total in due course. It will be argued that Scottish Baptists, therefore, made a small but also significant contribution to both academic and more popular publishing in these fields in the long twentieth century.
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Nhaueleque, Laura António, and Luca Bussotti. "The Conceptualisation of Africa in the Catholic Church." Social Sciences and Missions 32, no. 1-2 (May 3, 2019): 148–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748945-03201004.
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Abstract This article aims to show the evolution of the conceptualisation of Africa according to the Catholic Church, using as its key references Daniele Comboni and Adalberto da Postioma, two Italian missionaries who lived in the 19th century and 20th century respectively. Through them, the article attempts to interpret how the Catholic Church has conceived and implemented its relationships with the African continent in the last two centuries. The article uses history to analyse the thought of the two authors using a qualitative and comparative methodology.
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Dusil, Stephan. "Pfarrliche Vermögensorganisation zwischen Kirche und Staat: Kirchenpflegen (Kirchenfabriken) in Württemberg im 19. und beginnenden 20. Jahrhundert." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Kanonistische Abteilung 108, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 243–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrgk-2022-0006.
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Abstract The Administration of Ecclesiastical Goods between State and Church: Fabricae Ecclesiae in Wuerttemberg in the 19th and 20th centuries. Since the Middle Ages, fabricae ecclesiae served to finance the erection and the maintenance of churches. The Church claimed to freely administer these goods, even if lay men often served as administrators. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Wuerttemberg took over control of these goods and ordered the state municipality, assisted by local clerics, to govern them. In 1887, the king of Wuerttemberg started a process to separate ecclesiastical from secular goods. After WWI, the fabricae ecclesiae in Wuerttemberg were administered entirely by the Catholic Church. This contribution analyses this evolution from three perspectives, namely universal canon law, state law in Wuerttemberg, and particular canon law. It thereby highlights the tension between self-administration and state control of ecclesiastical goods, especially in the 19th century, and points to the fact that even the Catholic Church was part of the secular ruler’s authority over the church.
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Stallmann, Marco. "Fortschritt als Denkfigur der Aufklärung in Schleiermachers kirchenhistorischen Arbeiten und ihrer Rezeptionsgeschichte." Journal for the History of Modern Theology / Zeitschrift für Neuere Theologiegeschichte 29, no. 2 (March 1, 2023): 290–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znth-2022-0015.
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Abstract Schleiermacher’s work on church history was neglected in research for a long time. In a critical examination of the common assessment of Schleiermacher as a comparatively conservative church historian, the study shows to what extent he adopts an Enlightenment category of thought with the concept of progress. In addition, the importance of this appropriation in the historicalphilosophical debate of the 20th century as well as in the more recent debate on church history is asked. It shows that although Schleiermacher’s concept of progress in church history can hardly claim direct normative validity today, there is a remarkable tradition of critical reflection on its opportunities and limitations, the processing of which can serve the constructive self-historicization of contemporary theology.
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Kail, Maksim. "Secular and ecclesiastical power: the Caesarepapist conflict in Russia in 20th century." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2023, no. 12-2 (December 1, 2023): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202312statyi36.
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The article examines the experience of research in the current historiography of the relationship between secular and ecclesiastical authorities. Their clash in the modern history of Russia (in the events of the revolution of the early 20th century) is described as a Caesarepapist conflict that came at the stage of active modernization and revolutionization of public consciousness. The change of the state system entailed the rejection of a number of traditional public institutions, including the ''dominant Orthodoxy''. Historiographical interpretations of this conflict, which is significant for national history and self-consciousness, influence modern research discourses and self-identification of governmental and confessional institutions, the practice of their appeal to historical experience, defining the modern narrative of state-church relations in Russia of the 20th century.
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Popova, Olga. "The Interaction of Russian parishioners and Russian parish priests through the prism of Russian mentality in the early 20th century." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2020, no. 11-1 (November 1, 2020): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202011statyi23.
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The paper focuses on the interaction of Russian parishioners and Russian parish priests in the early 20th century. The research analyzes Russian citizens’ appeals to the first State Duma and articles written by the Russian clergy and published in periodical press. The analysis shows that the necessity to pay surplice-fees to the church treasury and to endow parish priests with the altarage created a general resentment and dissatisfaction with the church and the clergy.
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Bossina, Luciano. "Le armi dell'anticoncilio. Metamorfosi del falso dalla pergamena a internet." HISTORIA MAGISTRA, no. 9 (September 2012): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/hm2012-009002.
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In the history of the Church councils the authority of the so-called Church Fathers plays always a decisive role. Their works are quoted as a distinctive criterion to define the dogma. But what if these quotations would be forged? Providing examples from the byzantine Iconoclasm of 8th Century until the lefebvrian movement of 20th, this paper focuses on textual forgeries as unchanging weapons of counciliar debates. A long history from parchment to internet, who reveals that the forger does not change his aims, but updates his means.
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Fadeyev, Ivan. "The 1917 Code of Canon Law: Codification and Development of Latin canon law in the First Half of the 20th Century." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 4 (2021): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640014890-7.
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This publication presents the very first Russian translation of the First Book of the first official comprehensive Code of Latin canon law. The Code was promulgated on 27 May, 1917, and took legal effect on 19 May 1918. Although replaced in the practice of the Church with the new Code of 1983, the so-called “Pio-Benedictine Code” remains the most important source for the history of the development of canon law of the Catholic Church in Modern era. It represents the first experience of a full-scale legal codification, on which the development of Catholic ecclesiastical law was based throughout the 20th century. Prior to the promulgation of the Code in 1917, the canon law of the Latin Church was dispersed over a number of sources created in different periods of church history. By the time of the convocation of the First Vatican Council (December 8, 1869 – October 20, 1870) by Pope Pius IX (June 16, 1846 – February 7, 1878), it was obvious to many in the Church that there was an urgent need to codify the vast and unorganised mass of ecclesiastical laws that was presenting all sorts of challenges to both church authorities and canonists. Calls for the codification of Latin canon law, voiced in the run-up to and at the Council itself, were heard by the Holy See, although direct work on the creation of the first full-fledged Code of canon law began only 34 years after the Council’s adjournment, in the pontificate of Pius X (August 4, 1903 – August 20, 1914). The introductory article analyses the main stages of the development of can-on law of the Catholic Church, the history of the creation of the Code, the discussions that unfolded in the 19th century among canonists as to the very need for codification, as well as the impact of the Code on the development of Canon law in the 20th century.
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Письменюк, Илья. "The Leading Ecumenical Organizations of the First Half of the 20th Century." Церковный историк, no. 1(3) (June 15, 2020): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/ch.2020.3.1.003.
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Статья преподавателя кафедры церковной истории священника Ильи Николаевича Письменюка посвящена начальному этапу развития современного экуменического движения после окончания Международной миссионерской конференции в Эдинбурге в 1910 г. На этом этапе экуменизм разделился на три основных направления: богословское, социально-практическое и миссионерское. Все они постепенно нашли институциональное воплощение в первых экуменических организациях, среди которых наиболее заметными стали конференции «Вера и церковное устройство» и «Жизнь и деятельность», а также Международный миссионерский совет и Всемирный альянс для содействия международной дружбе через церкви. Развитие перечисленных организаций положило основу для будущего создания крупнейшего в истории межхристианского института - Всемирного совета церквей. An article by Priest Ilya Nikolayevich Pismenyuk, Professor at the Department of Church History, dwells on the initial stage of development of the modern ecumenical movement after the end of the International Missionary Conference in Edinburgh in 1910. At this stage, ecumenism was divided into three main directions: theological, socio-practical and missionary ones. All of them gradually found institutionalization in the first ecumenical organizations, among which the most notable were the conferences «Faith and Church Order» and «Life and Work», along with the International Missionary Council and World Alliance for the Promotion of International Friendship through the Churches. The development of these organizations made the basis of the future creation of the largest inter-Christian institution in history - the World Council of Churches.
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Vaupot, Sonia. "The Relationship between the State and the Church in Vietnam through the History of the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris." Bogoslovni vestnik 79, no. 3 (2019): 825–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34291/bv2019/03/vaupot.
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Religion and the Catholic Church have played an important role in Vietnamese history. The article examines the development of the Catholic Church in Vietnam, from the 17th Century to the 20th Century, based on reports published by the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris (M.E.P.) who contributed to the evangelization of many Asian countries. In this contribution, we will highlight the work and the development of the M.E.P through their reports. We will also focus on the relationship between the states who played a specific role in the history of the Catholic Church in Vietnam, from the creation of the M.E.P. until the period of post-colonization, with specific reference to the attitude of different states throughout the history of Vietnam. The survey of the activities of Catholics in Vietnam suggests that French missionaries were well organized and proactive throughout the centuries, and that the adoption of Christianity in Vietnam was achieved through cooperation between the M.E.P and the Vietnamese population.
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Peno, Vesna, and Ivana Vesic. "Serbian church chant in the service of national ideology." Muzikologija, no. 20 (2016): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/muz1620135p.
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In this paper we investigate the process of the creation and embodiment of the concept of Serbian folk church chant throughout the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century among Serbian intellectuals and scholars. In order to indicate its main dimensions we focused on church music narratives of that time. Due to a detailed analysis of discussions and writings in periodicals as well as the published chant collections themselves, we were able to assess the dominant interpretations of the historical development of church singing in the Serbian Orthodox church. Looking closely at suppositions made about the origins and formation of church chants through the history of the Serbian church we could unveil their character e.g. whether they were the result of previously done research or were just a product of speculative thinking. In addition, we formed assumptions on the embeddedness of the concept of Serbian folk church chant in influential narratives on national identity and culture developed among the Serbian political and intellectual elite. The aim of our investigation was to show that the concept of Serbian folk church chant was not only determined by socio-political strivings in the Serbian state but that it was also a product of the wider political and cultural goals of the Serbian elite. Finally, we sought to suggest the important role played by 19th and early 20th century Serbian church music scholars in the process of imagining the Serbian nation.
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Solnyshkin, A. A., and N. M. Korneva. "Responsibility for Sacrilege in Russian Empire of 19th — early 20th Centuries (Law and Enforcement)." Nauchnyi dialog 1, no. 7 (July 29, 2021): 463–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-7-463-478.
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The article deals with the history of relations between the Orthodox Church and the state and society. The importance of the religious component as a factor that played one of the key roles in the relationship between the state and society in Russia in the 19th — early 20th centuries is emphasized. The history of the development of responsibility for crimes against faith is traced. Particular attention is paid to this type of religious crime as sacrilege. The definition of “sacrilege” is given as a property encroachment directed at sacred or consecrated objects, as well as at church property. A detailed description of this type of crime is given and, using examples of judicial precedents of the law enforcement practice of the Russian Empire of the 19th century, its features are shown. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that it traces the evolution of the concept of “sacrilege” in Russian legislation of the 19th — early 20th centuries and determines the main trends in the field of law enforcement in relation to these crimes. It is proved that, despite the all-Russian tendency to gradually mitigate punishments for committing many religious crimes at the beginning of the 20th century, mitigation of responsibility in relation to sacrilege did not happen.
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Mamonova, Svetlana Alekseevna. "Virtual reconstruction of the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (Lori region of Armenia): a study of the cultural heritage of the Russian presence in Armenia in the XIX - XX centuries." Историческая информатика, no. 2 (February 2023): 34–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2585-7797.2023.2.43508.
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In studies on the history of the Russian presence in Armenia, an important place is occupied by the question of the role of the Orthodox Church. Currently, there are several Orthodox churches in Armenia. One of the most interesting, the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in Amrakits (Lori region of Armenia) is unique in its architecture, has a century-old history, but suffered significant destruction during the large-scale Spitak earthquake in 1988. Since that time, it has actually lost its significance as a functioning temple. In 2022, survey work began in Armenia to determine the possibility of restoring the partially destroyed church building or (if such restoration is impossible) recreating this temple in an authentic form. In this regard, the task of creating a virtual reconstruction of the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, using three-dimensional modeling methods, is relevant. An important condition for such work is the availability of a set of sources that allow the implementation of such a project. In this study, a source base has been formed, including drawings, plans, measurements of the church building, as well as photographs of the object before and after the 1988 earthquake. The author studied the history of the settlement Nikolaevka, founded at the beginning of the 19th century (now Amrakits), as well as the history of the construction of the temple of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in the early twentieth century. The main purpose of the study is to reconstruct the appearance of the church at the beginning of the 20th century. The article contains a study of the history and architectural features of the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, as well as a description of the process of creating a virtual reconstruction and the problems associated with it. The author used SketchUp 2022, Vision, Lumion 10 as software.
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Kazaryan, G. S. "The institution of deaconesses in the tradition of the Armenian Apostolic Church." Russian Journal of Church History 3, no. 2 (July 29, 2022): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/2686-973x-2022-101.
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The article presents the main points on the history of the institution of deaconesses in the Armenian Apostolic Church. While the testimonies to the Armenian deaconesses date back to the 10th century, the analysis of these fragmentary passages raises various problems of textual and content-related character. The institution of deaconesses reached its peak in the 19th century, being associated with monastic circles. In the 20th century, with the disappearance of a small number of Armenian women’s convents, the institution declined, although today there are some local efforts to re-establish diaconal service of women in the parish life.
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Kim, Bongsuk. "Russia's Researches on Manchuria and Perceptions of Balhae in the 19th and 20th Century." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 45, no. 8 (August 31, 2023): 701–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2023.08.45.08.701.
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This study aims to review the overall research patterns of Manchuria in Russia since the Treaty of Nerchinsk. Monks of Russian Orthodox Church and scholars of Oriental studies began to perceive Balhae through their academic researches and conduct an investigation into the history of Balhae based on archeology, which marked the start of Balhae history being incorporated into Russian history. Russia set up the Yellow Russia program. The Oriental studies organizations investigated relics in Manchuria and shed archeological light on the truth of Balhae, Malgal, and Xianbei. The Manchuria Research Society, in particular, founded the Museum of Heilongjiang Province and excavated Balhae’s Sanggyeongseong relic.
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Nikitin, episcopus, Siluan. "Paavo Kontkanen and his Role in Normalization of Relations between the Russian and Finnish Orthodox Churches." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 65, no. 4 (2020): 1107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2020.405.
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The interrelations of the Russian and Finnish Orthodox Churches in the 20th century are dramatic and poorly studied by Russian historians. This article, on the basis of materials from the State Archives of the Russian Federation and studies into church history translated from Finnish, attempts to evaluate the role of Dr. Paavo Kontkanen, an active member of the Finnish Archdiocese, in the relations between these two Churches. He exemplified a change in the attitude of the National Orthodox Church of Finland towards the Russian Church, historically kyriarchal, in the second half of the previous century. Dr. Paavo Kontkanen, being for a long time a member of the collegiate administrative body of the Finnish Archdiocese, the Church Administrative Council, with permission from Archbishop Herman (Aav) started negotiations with the leadership of the Russian Orthodox Church on a private level. Having archieved understanding with the chairman of the Department of External Church Relations, Metropolitan Nicholas (Yarushevich), Kontkanen considered the possibility of reunification of the Finnish Church and the Russian Church only for a short period, before receiving the status of Autocephalous Local Church from Moscow. Kontkanen’s actions enable to regard him as a conductor of Finland’s ecclesiastical interests aimed at rapprochement with the Soviet Union. It can be proved by Kontkanen’s close contacts with the President of Finland, Urho Kaleva Kekkonen, and his ability to defend interests of the “pro-Russian” part of the clergy and the Finnish Orthodox Church in the face of the state and the Church Council.
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Lis, Tomasz Jacek. "Możliwości wykorzystania korespondencji misyjnej do badań nad historią wychodźstwa chłopskiego z terenów byłej Rzeczypospolitej na przełomie XIX i XX wieku." Studia Historyczne 61, no. 1 (241) (September 26, 2019): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/sh.61.2018.01.04.
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The Possibility of Utilizing Missionaries’ Correspondence to Study the History of Peasant Migration (from the territories of former Polish Commonwealth) at the turn of the twentieth century
The article presents new possibilities of research on the history of migration at the turn the 20th century using narrative sources, particularly the correspondence of missionaries. Peasants produced and left behind very few narrative sources, which results in migration historians rarely using them. The author indicates how to use alternative narrative sources produced by people of the Church to study the history of migration, in particular emigration from the territories of the former Polish Commonwealth.
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Kokosh, Artem. "Disputes on women’s deaconate in the Church of England." St. Tikhons' University Review 106 (April 28, 2023): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturi2023106.25-43.
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In the history of the Anglican Church the top-ranked issue of the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century was disputes on women’s priesthood. As a result of these debates, the Anglican Church began to ordain women as deacons, then as priests, and finally as bishops. In Orthodox view, it was the radical change of the doctrine and the deviation from the apostolic tradition, though at the beginning of the 20th century the Anglican Church was considered as one of the closest churches to Orthodoxy. The first critical step in the direction of women’s priesthood was the opening the diaconate to women. Both in Russian and Western theological science little attention has been devoted to the analysis of this first step, since historically the hottest theological discussion was on the issue of women’s priesthood and women’s episcopate. However, the decision on women’s diaconate was very important since it actually opened the way for all subsequent decisions on women’s priesthood in the Anglican Church. This article offers an analysis of the historical processes and theological discussions that brought the Church of England to the appearance of deaconesses and then women deacons. The article considers the revival of sisterhoods and monastic communities in the Church of England in the middle of the 19th century, the initiative to revive the rank of deaconesses in 1862 and subsequent official decision of the 1920 Lambeth Conference, as well as the relevant reports of the Commissions of 1897, 1908, 1919 and 1935. Then we analyze the discussions about the functions of the deaconess, as well as additional factors that influenced the decision to allow women to be ordained as deacons. One of these factors was the general crisis of the diaconal ministry and the desire to strengthen the role of the laity in the life of the Anglican Church. As a result, the 1968 Lambeth Conference opened diaconate to all laymen remaining in secular occupations (both men and women). The Church of England turned out to be one of the most conservative churches in the Anglican Communion – it introduced women's diaconate almost 20 years later, in 1987. Conservative groups were concerned that this decision would put the Church of England on a "slippery slope" towards women's priesthood and women's episcopate. Subsequent history proved that these fears were completely justified.
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Чучалін, Олександр. "Монастирі та чернецтво Київської єпархії синодального періоду:регламентація діяльності в системі російського церковного законодавства." Scientific Papers of the Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsyiubynskyi State Pedagogical University Series History, no. 48 (June 16, 2024): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31652/2411-2143-2024-48-18-26.
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The article aims to specify the status of Orthodox monasteries and monasticism in the Kyiv eparchy between the 19th and early 20th centuries within the framework of the then-existing Russian church legislation. Research methodology is grounded in the principles of historicism and scientific objectivity, using critical, systematic and comparative analysis of sources. These methods and principles have enabled a comprehensive study of various phenomena in their dynamics and totality, taking into account all conflicting factors. By employing these diverse methods, the study has traced the impact of Russian church legislation on events and processes regulating the activities of monasteries and monasticism in the Kyiv eparchy during the synodal period. Conclusions. The 18th-century reforms in the Russian Empire’s ecclesiastical sphere designated the Holy Governing Synod as the legislative authority over the Orthodox Church, fully subordinating it to the Russian imperial government. During this century, church legislation was established, which, with minor modifications and additions, remained in effect throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries and applied to Ukrainian Orthodox eparchies. The 18th century marked a period of profound and comprehensive transformations in the history of monasteries and monasticism, characterized by strict regulation of monastic life, daily routines and the rights of the inhabitants. The primary feature of church-state relations in the 19th and early 20th centuries was the state’s total control over the Church’s affairs. The Holy Synod controlled matters such as the establishment of new monasteries, granting them status, accepting individuals into monasticism and determining the number of monastics. The monasteries of the Kyiv eparchy during this period were managed by the eparchial bishop and were entitled to elect an abbot, who was then approved by the Holy Synod through its decree. Monasteries, both male and female, were classified into three categories, either communal or non-communal, with a clearly defined monastic staff determined by the Synod.
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Simakova, Albina. "The church-singing art of Mari region in the late 19th — early 20th centuries." St. Tikhons' University Review. Series V. Christian Art 52 (December 29, 2023): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturv202352.88-97.
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This article attempts to explore a little-known topic related to the history of church singing in the Mari Region. The relevance of the above problem is beyond doubt, since this topic has not yet become the object of close attention from researchers. Studying it allows you to find out a number of important questions about the history of the Mari region. This is the Christianization of the Mari region, the church singing culture of the Mari, the state of affairs in the church singing of the Russian Orthodox Church during this period, and the emergence of the Mari intelligentsia, etc.The art of church singing in the Mari Region was of great importance and influenced not only the processes of Christianization and education of the Mari people, but also the culture, mentality and the very quality of life of local residents. The end of the sixth – the beginning of the twentieth century were very fruitful in this sense. At this time, the foundation was formed, which during the years of persecution of the Church will reveal to the world new martyrs and confessors of the Orthodox faith among local clergy, monks, laypeople, as well as regents, psalmists and choristers. The traditions of the church-singing art laid down in the pre-revolutionary period of time have not been completely lost, their development continues along with the revival of spiritual life, temples and monasteries in the Mari Region.
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Nigusie Kassae, V. Michael, and N. N. Morozova. "Interaction of Russia and the Russian Orthodox Church with Christian communities in Egypt and Ethiopia in the second half of the 19<sup>th</sup> — early 20<sup>th</sup> century." Russian Journal of Church History 2, no. 4 (November 8, 2021): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/2686-973x-2021-68.
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The article presents the history of the relationship of the Russian Orthodox Church with the Christian communities of Egypt and Ethiopia. The article is also concerned with the issue of contacts between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Coptic Church of Egypt in the second half of the 19th and early 20th century. The first almost informal contacts between representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church and the Alexandria Patriarchate allowed Egyptian Christians to get acquainted with the activities of the Russian Orthodox Church, and representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church — with the real state of the religious, political and cultural situation in Egypt. The article also examines the attempts of representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church to establish ties with the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, which was part of the Alexandria Patriarchate until 1959.
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Druzdiev, Oleg. "Sources for the history of Saints Peter and Paul Garrison Church (the former Jesuit Church) discovered in the funds of Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv." NaUKMA Research Papers. History 4 (December 1, 2021): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/2617-3417.2021.4.91-95.
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The article analyzes the sources on the history of Saints Peter and Paul Garrison Church (the former Jesuit Church) discovered in the funds of Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv. In particular, the documents that are of practical importance for the process of church revitalization as the building remained closed from 1946 until 2011 are distinguished. The significant corpus of sources concerning the church history is the archive of Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv, the depository of which was located in the church until the end of 2011. With these documents, it is possible to trace the history of the church building during the Soviet time and the changes that happened during this period. Moreover, the collection of photographic materials with the depiction of different parts of the church constitutes a significant corpus of sources. This information is valuable for the conservation professionals working on the renewal of church exteriors and interiors. Particularly, the photographs that show the process of the roof restoration in 1959 offer an opportunity to assess the degree of the ceiling destruction during the Second World War. Photographs of the frescoes in the main nave demonstrate the state of the ceiling and frescos as of the beginning of the 20th century and therefore give an insight into the progress of conservation works during the interwar period. The analysis of the photograph of the altar of Saint Stanislaw Kostka makes it possible to understand what one of the three chapels in the church looked like. The other two chapels (of the Virgin Mary and Saint Stanislaw Kostka) will be restored in course of time. As for the third chapel of Saint Benedict the Martyr, important documents concerning the restoration of this chapel at the beginning of the 20th century are stored in the funds of the library. With these documents, it is possible to specify the appearance of the chapel and the peculiarities of its decorations, as the chapel does not belong to the church nowadays. To sum up, it can be stated that the funds of Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv contain a relatively small amount of materials on the history of Saints Peter and Paul Garrison Church (the Jesuit Church). At the same time, some of them are important for the studies of the history of the church, so they deserve attention from the researchers.
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Blokhin, V. S. "RELIGIOUS CONVERSIONS OF THE ARMENIANS TO ORTHODOXY IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE (MID-19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURY): MOTIVES, TYPOLOGY, AND RESULTS." Вестник Пермского университета. История, no. 4(55) (2021): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2021-4-69-79.
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An analysis of the religious conversions of persons of Armenian confession to Orthodox allows the author to evaluate them as a special phenomenon in the history of Russian-Armenian church relations, as well as to establish the features of economic, social, national, and confessional policies of the Russian Empire in the Transcaucasus in the 19th – early 20th centuries. The sources are the unpublished documents in Russian from the collections of the National Archives of the Republic of Armenia. Based on the available archival sources, it was established that the cases of the adoption of Orthodoxy by the Armenians were caused by three motives: 1) economic, 2) various situations of a non-economic nature, and 3) coercive measures. Despite the absence of a special “Armenian mission” among the Orthodox priests, the cases of Armenians’ conversion to Orthodoxy, especially those made for economic reasons, were rather actively encouraged by the Russian Orthodox Church. For the Russian government, the Armenians who converted to Orthodoxy were seen as a reliable social base in the Transcaucasus. The relevance of studying the issue is since, in the 20th century, despite the contradictions of the synodal period, the Russian Orthodox Church built relations with the Armenian Apostolic Church based on the principles of friendship, good neighborliness, and mutual assistance. Today, this factor contributes to the strengthening of both church and political relations between Russia and Armenia.
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Brei, Nataliia. "Monumental Art of Ivan Izhakevich: The Church of Sts. Borys and Hlib in Kyiv’s Podil." ARTISTIC CULTURE. TOPICAL ISSUES, no. 18(2) (November 29, 2022): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.31500/1992-5514.18(2).2022.269793.
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The paper attempts to highlight the little-known facts of Ivan Yizhakevych’slegacy ofsacred art, in particular, his monumental paintings at the Borysohlib Church in Kyiv’s Podil area. This ensemble had historical and cultural value, and if this monument survived, it would have had a significant place in the history of Ukrainian sacred painting. The difficulty of the research lies in the fact that there are no known photographs or works of art that would record the interior of this church and, in particular, the monumental paintings. Information on them is found, mostly, in pre-revolutionary publications that describe the church at the end of the 19th century. Only isolated mentions in later publications testify rather indirectly to the role of Yizhakevych in the history of this temple. Valuable are the memories of Fr. Mykhailo Yedlynskyi, who was the parson of this church and provides the most reliable information about Yizhakevych’s participation in the church’s paintings, as well as K. Sherotskyi’s remarks about how the wall painting of the church looked at the beginning of the 20th century. The paper aims to collect and organize all the available information about the lost monumental art piece.
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Teulié, Gilles. "L’Église réformée hollandaise d’Afrique du Sud : Une histoire du calvinisme afrikaner, 1652-2002." Études théologiques et religieuses 77, no. 4 (2002): 537–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ether.2002.3710.
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Since the first permanent settlement of a white colony in 1652, the history of South Africa is undistinguishable from that of the Dutch Reformed Church established by the first Calvinist settlers. This Church, perhaps more than anywhere else, has played a vital role in the development of the country. Its influence on the mentalities was not only spiritual, but it also contributed in a decisive way to the political life. It is therefore through the theological developments of that Church that one can understand the attitude of the Afrikaners and what prompted them to institute and then reject apartheid in the 20th century. It is this long path through history which linked both the Afrikaner people and its Reformed Church(es) which is at stake here, as we celebrate the 350th anniversary of the Calvinist landing in Southern Africa.
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Hromik, Oleksandr. "PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF UKRAINIANS AT THE END OF THE 19TH AND IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE 20TH CENTURIES." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 14 (May 29, 2024): 36–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.112068.
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The purpose of the article is to reveal the causal relationships of the processes of development of the psychology of the main social groups of Ukrainians at the end of the 19th ─ in the first quarter of the 20th centuries. The research methodology is primarily based on general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as the historical-genetic method. The work consistently uses the psychohistorical approach described by Lloyd DeMause. The scientific novelty consists in introducing information about the factors of transformation of the psychology of social groups of Ukrainians in the specified period, its main features, as well as their role in the interaction of these social groups during the Ukrainian revolution. The Conclusion. The causal relationship between the characteristic features of the psychology of social groups and the low consolidation of Ukrainian society during the national liberation movement of the first quarter of the 20th century is proven. It is shown that a significant role in the processes of psychological changes was played by the social environments which individuals encountered, and the correspondent experiences they acquired. It was found out that the main features of the psychology of Ukrainians in the specified period were lack of initiative, introversion, inferiority complex. The reason for their emergence was primarily the traumatic experience of contacts with representatives of the state apparatus, the church, and teachers.
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Reshchikova, Elizaveta Yu. "Notion of “charisma” in German Catholic thought in the second half of the 20th century." Issues of Theology 4, no. 3 (2022): 442–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu28.2022.306.
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The paper examines the main lines of debate on the role of “charisma” in the Church structure, basing on German Catholic thought in the second half of the 20th century. Looking into the history of the concept gives grounds to assert that its meaning originates as the result of juxtaposition of “charisma” and “office”. Moreover, the Catholic discussion on the role of “charisma” appears to be predetermined by the Protestant debate around the said opposition, which intensified in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and revolved around using “charisma” as a means to criticize the Church. Catholic thought suggests several ways to solve the problem of correlation between “charisma” and “office”, some of which seem rather radical. Analyzing German Catholic discourse brings out three basic attitudes towards the role of charisma in the life of the Church: the simultaneous existence and equivalence of the charismatic and the institutional structures (based on the works of K. Rahner and H. U. von Balthasar); the precedence of the charismatic structure over the institutional (based on the works of H. Küng and G. Hasenhüttl); perceiving the institutional structure as the final form of incarnation of the Holy Spirit in the world (represented by H. Schürmann and J. Ratzinger).
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Płachciński, Krzysztof. "Koniński fragment dziejów 13. (5) Kargopolskiego Pułku Dragonów." Polonia Maior Orientalis 3 (2015): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/27204006pmo.16.001.16472.
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13. (5) Kargopolski Pułk Dragonów stacjonował w Koninie w latach 1864-1910. W czasie swojego pobytu w mieście największym problemem oddziału był brak odpowiednich budynków. Początkowo dla celów wojskowych wynajmowano lokale od konińskich mieszczan, a pod koniec XIX wieku rozpoczęto budowę koszar. Z kolei na początku XX wieku przebudowano jeden z miejskich budynków na cerkiew. Do czasów współczesnych po rosyjskim wojsku zachowały się akta stanu cywilnego cerkwi prawosławnej, album wydany z okazji 200-lecia istnienia pułku oraz murowane koszary. Natomiast cerkiew została rozebrana w latach dwudziestych poprzedniego wieku, a jej ikonostas znajduje się obecnie w cerkwi św. Mikołaja w Poznaniu. Konin part of history 13. (5) Kargopol Dragoon Regiment 13. (5) Kargopol Dragoon Regiment – was stationed in Konin in the period 1864-1910. During its residence in the city, the lack of suitable buildings was the biggest unit’s problem. Initially, the buildings were being rented from Konin townsmen for military purposes and at the end of the 19th century the construction of barracks was begun. Then, at the beginning of the 20th century, one of the city’s buildings were converted into the Orthodox Church. Registry office records of the Orthodox Church, a dragoons’ photo album – issued on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the regiment’s existence and brick barracks after the Russian army have been preserved until the present days. Whereas the Orthodox Church was demolished in 1920s of the previous century and its iconostasis is now in the Church of St Nicholas in Poznan.
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Arakelova, Victoria, and Hayk Hakobyan. "An Unknown Source on Proselytism among the Udis." Iran and the Caucasus 27, no. 4-5 (November 29, 2023): 426–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-02704011.
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Abstract This paper presents the English translation with commentaries of some interesting passages from the unpublished manuscript by Abgar Payazat, an Armenian-Udi intellectual of the beginning of the 20th century. He particularly describes episodes of proselytism among the Udis from the Armenian Apostolic Church to the Russian Orthodoxy. The manuscript itself, is an attempt of compiling a grammar of the Udi language in Armenian.
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Kobakhidze, Elena, and Berta Tuaeva. "Periodical press of early 20th century on the parochial school development ways in Ossetia." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2022, no. 12-3 (December 1, 2022): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202212statyi100.
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In the article, based on publications presented in the Terek periodicals of the beginning of the 20th century (both secular and church), analyzes the views of Ossetian educators and publicists on the state and development of the elementary public school. The struggle of two tendencies (clerical and secular) in the supposed organization of the lower level of the system of public education is shown, and the conclusion is made that there is no single concept of the public school that would equally satisfy opponents and would be applicable to implementation.
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Drobotushenko, Evgeny Viktorovich, and Yuliya Nikolaevna Lantsova. "Materials of white emigrant Church organizations in China as a source on the Orthodox Church history." Samara Journal of Science 7, no. 4 (November 30, 2018): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201874217.
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The paper deals with various aspects of the Orthodox Church history in China on the basis of a rich source - materials of white emigrant Church organizations collected in one large file of the Fund 9145 Collections of individual documents of various emigrant organizations of the state archive of the Russian Federation. This file contains correspondence on specific issues as well as various flyers, brochures, newspaper articles, posters, announcements, reports, statements, notes with the characteristics of various aspects of Orthodox history and covers the time period from 1924 to 1936. Articles from the Newspapers Zarya, Gong Bao as well as a spiritual magazine Bread heavenly, etc. deal with the key issues of the transition of the Chinese clergy under the control of the Synod of bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church outside of Russia under the canonical jurisdiction of the Moscow Patriarchate, etc. Unfortunately, despite the considerable interest in the history of Russian emigration in the second quarter of the 20th century in China, as well as in the history of Orthodoxy in the country, the documents of this file have not been widely known, although they are the supplement of the little-known pages of Orthodox history.
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Suslov, Mikhail. "The Russian Orthodox Church in Search of the Cultural Canon." Transcultural Studies 12, no. 1 (November 22, 2016): 39–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23751606-01201003.
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This paper documents and analyzes the building blocks of the Orthodox cultural canon and cultural policy. The author argues that in spite of the Church’s attempts to renegotiate its status in (post-) secular society, the Orthodox cultural products have restricted access to the nation-wide market, partially due to the lack of theoretical reflection on culture, and partially because of the Church’s unsettled accounts with Russian history of the 20th century. This produces an effect of increased reliance on the state’s restrictive measures in the cultural sphere.
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Posternak, Andrey. "The Ministry of Deaconesses in Byzantium and Projects for Its Reconstruction at the Pre-Council Conference in Russia 1906." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija 26, no. 6 (December 28, 2021): 352–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2021.6.26.
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Introduction. The order of deaconesses in Byzantium was formed by the time of the Council of Chalcedon in 451. The idea of the institutionalization of the women’s ministry was revived in the new conditions in Russia of the 19th – early 20th century because of the need for Church reforms. Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of the ancient order of deaconesses and the project of its reconstruction in Russia allows us to determine characteristics of the ministry and status of deaconesses that depended on the specific living conditions of the Church. The deaconesses in the Byzantine Empire were ministers of the Church: the bishop ordained widows or virgins between the ages of 40 and 60. Deaconesses kept chastity, had property rights, were assigned to a parish, helped priests at the baptism of women, and were subordinate to clergymen. By the 12th century, the female order in Byzantium disappeared, however the honorary title of deaconess could later be worn by the prioress of female monasteries. The Russian Church has never had deaconesses, but in the 19th – early 20th century projects were discussed for the reconstruction of this women’s ministry which was actively developing in the protestant tradition. The Pre-Council Conference in 1906 developed a draft of Church reforms, including the rules for orthodox deaconesses, who could be elected from active parishioners, not nuns. It was assumed that these women were supposed to keep order in the Church, help the priest in the parish, at the baptism and catechumenate of women, help the sick and the needy, in the so called “inner mission”. However, the undeveloped status of deaconesses as new ministers of the Church did not allow this project to be implemented. Results. The order of the deaconesses that disappeared in Byzantium and the attempt to restore it in Russia show that a stable institutionalization of women’s ministry took place only at a certain period in the history of the Church which needed it.
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Kaplan, Uri. "Protestant Confucianism: Kang Youwei’s Influence in Korea." Numen 67, no. 4 (June 4, 2020): 347–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685276-12341587.
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Abstract The impact of Kang Youwei’s Confucius-church movement has not been limited to China proper. Korean intellectuals in the early 20th century had been in contact with Kang and his students, set up affiliated institutions in their homeland, and authored creative manifestos on the reformation of Confucianism. This article surveys the reform proposals of four representative Korean Confucians and analyzes their support of, and negotiations with, Kang’s Confucius religion. It illustrates how some Korean reformers chose to adopt only Kang’s “state-protecting Confucianism” or join the movement in form but not in content, while others embraced his vision more fully, depicting their own perennial versions of the Great Unity, and developing original formats of Confucian religious practice. These proposals highlight the remarkable ways in which Protestantism served as a central model for the Confucian religious reforms of the early 20th century.
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Yachmenik, Vyacheslav, and Anna Makarova. "“Prophecy must resurrect in the Church”: the figure of prophet in russian thought of the late 19th — early 20th century." St.Tikhons' University Review 100 (April 29, 2022): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturi2022100.45-64.
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The article focuses on the development of ideas about the prophet in Russia in the late 19th – the early 20th century. In the European discourse the understanding of the prophet as the bearer of the personal principle in religion most fully described by M. Weber. Since in Russian religious philosophy the conceptualization of the prophetic function appears in the works of V. Solovyov, the first part of the article is devoted to the analysis of the idea of a prophet in the theocratic concept of this thinker. Specific features of the system proposed by the Russian philosopher are characterized, where the prophet was considered as a link of the “triad” along with the priesthood and the kingdom. The constant characteristics of the prophet as the third principle of power in the Solovyov system are formulated. The second part of the article is devoted to the reception of Solovyov’s ideas in Russian theology and religious philosophy of the beginning of the 20th century. The discussions about the hierarchy and the intellectuals as carriers of the prophetic principle that arose at the Religious-Philosophical Meetings, and the positions on this issue of V. Ternavtsev and D. Merezhkovsky are characterized. The development of the idea of a prophet in the context of the discussion of the problem of power in the Church in the academic theology of M. Tareev, V. Troitsky, P. Florensky is traced. The interpretation of the Soloviev triad by S. Bulgakov and A. Kartashev, as well as criticism of the views of the latter by Merezhkovsky’s circle, is analyzed. It is noted that the participants in the discussions considered the prophetic principle as integrated into the church community or opposed to the church hierarchy. In conclusion, the development of the discourse about the prophet in the Russian tradition of the designated period is summed up, parallels with the search for Western explorers are noted. The article concludes that the common problem for Russian and European thinkers of the early 20th century is the distinction between priestly and prophetic principles in the religious community.
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Radu, Aurel. ""Contributions to the history of the church and the Lutheran community in the city of Pitești "." Journal of Church History 2022, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 57–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/jch.2022.1.4.
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Abstract: This article aims to present a history of the church and the Lutheran/Evangelical community in the town of Pitesti starting from the middle of the 19th century and in the first two decades of the 20th century. It includes parts of the doctoral thesis entitled Modernization and urbanization in the city of Pitesti (1866-1914), defended at the University of Craiova in December 2021. In the city of Pitesti, the administrative residence of Argeș County, several Germans of Lutheran faith settled, who formed a thriving community before 1918, with their own church and a denominational primary school. The Lutheran Germans set up trading companies and were involved in social and cultural-artistic activities that paved the way: the city's first performance hall and theater known by its owners (Uklar, Lehrer), the first urban choir (Liedertafel), the first funeral insurance company (German Funeral Society of Pitesti), which meant some important landmarks of urban transformation in the modern sense.
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Bertash, Alexander V. "A. Poleshchuk: Creative Biography of the Russian-Estonian Architect and a Retrospective Direction in Russian Church Architecture of the Early 20th Century." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 12, no. 4 (2022): 647–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2022.405.
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This article is devoted to the creative biography of the largest Russian-Estonian architect at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries A. Poleshchuk and retrospectivism in Russian church architecture at the beginning of the twentieth century, which was his main creative method. The works and biography of the great master are still poorly studied, scientific publications are practically not devoted to him. At the same time, being a pupil of the St Petersburg Academy of Arts, the architect was awarded the title of architecture academic, the position of professor, proved himself in the capital as the author of such monumental structures as the Geological Committee and the Church of St Isidor with the house of the St Petersburg Orthodox Estonian brotherhood. He owns the project of the most monumental Orthodox church in the Baltics of the twentieth century — the Assumption Cathedral of the Pyukhtitsa Monastery, where he worked from his student years under the guidance of his teacher prof. M. Preobrazhensky. A native of Estonia and an Estonian himself on the maternal side, the architect made an invaluable contribution to the formation of a professional architectural school in the country. He was the chairman of the Estland Engineering Society and the Estland Technical Society in Petrograd, then was actively involved in teaching in Tallinn as professor of architecture at Tallinn Polytechnic College and chief architect and educational adviser to the Construction Board. A. Poleshchuk is known as an architectural theorist, a specialist in the theory of vaults, the author of the fundamental courses “Lectures on the art of building” in 10 volumes, and a two-volume guide to bridge construction. The article examines in detail the main milestones in the creative path of A. Poleshchuk in the context of the history of architecture at the beginning of the 20th century, mainly, church retrospectivism. The features of his work, diverse in typology and stylistics (Russian style, neoclassicism, neo-Renaissance, neo-baroque), are analyzed. In conclusion, a stylistic classification of the retrospective directions of church architecture of the late 19th — early 20th centuries with examples of relevant monuments is proposed. The article is based both on little-known published materials and, mainly, on newly discovered archival documents from the depositories of St Petersburg, Tartu, Tallinn.
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Simakova, Albina. "Church singing of Mari region in the Soviet period (1917‒1941)." St. Tikhons' University Review. Series V. Christian Art 53 (March 29, 2024): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturv202453.159-167.
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This article studies the history of church singing in Mari Region (1917‒1941). This study allows us to solve a number of important problems in the history of Mari region. These include the church singing culture, the position of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Soviet period, the activities of the Mari intelligentsia, &c. The art of church singing in Mari region was of great importance; it infl uenced not only the processes of christianisation and education of the indigenous Mari population, but also the culture, mentality and the very quality of life of local residents. The end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries were fruitful in this regard. At that time, a foundation was formed, which, during the years of Soviet persecution of the Church, revealed new martyrs and confessors of the Orthodox faith among local clergy, monks, laypeople, as well as choir masters, sextons, and choir members. The study of the mentioned topic allows us to state that the church-singing culture of the Mari land, as well as of other regions of the country, was in a very diffi cult situation. The traditions of church singing, laid down in the pre-revolution period, were virtually interrupted during these years. Many people had to go through hardship associated with the antireligious persecution. Very few were able to endure all the trials and remain to work in the “field of Christ” or at least remain in the Church. Nevertheless, the culture of church singing, ousted from the Church, continued in many secular choirs. Masters of church-singing art now worked in various choirs. In such diffi cult conditions, church singing in many churches remained for more than a dozen years, almost until the end of the 20th century.
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Silva de Moura, Carlos André, and Dirceu Salviano Marques Marroquim. "The making of a visionary culture: connected histories among Marian apparitions in Portuguese-Brazilian world (1917-1936)." Religiones y religiosidades en América Latina, no. 26 (December 31, 2020): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36551/2081-1160.2020.26.161-178.
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This paper will analyze the shaping of supposed Marian apparitions in Pesqueira, a Brazilian city located in Pernambuco, as part of a series of events related to the devotions to Our Lady representations in modern and contemporary periods. Based on the propositions of Cultural History, regional newspapers, ecclesiastical documents, and personal letters were used in order to understand the relation of these events to political, economic, and social issues of the first half of the 20th century. The analysis will suggest that the events in Pesqueira were connected to other religious representations, such as the apparitions in Lourdes (France) and Fatima (Portugal), reinforcing the image of the 20th century as the “golden century” of apparitions to members and followers of the Catholic Church. Therefore, this work highlights the central performance of ecclesiastics, scholars, and devotees in the shaping of new devotions and cults in a specific space in Latin America.
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Yegorenkova, E. N. "The Omsk Diocesan Vedomosti about the System of Parochial Education in the Steppe Territory (the Turn of the 19th-20th Centuries)." Izvestiya of Altai State University, no. 3(113) (July 6, 2020): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2020)3-05.
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From the middle of the 19th century, church periodicals in the form of the Omsk Diocesan Vedomosti occupy an important place in the sorial, socio-political life of the Russian provinces, plaring on their pages not only documents and addresses of church and offidal authorities (Holy Synod, Sovereign Emperor), sermons and instructions, reports of orthodox missions and committees, but also material of a journalists, local history, historical and ethnography nature and etc From this point of view, “The Omsk Diocesan Vedomosti ” with good reason can represent a full-fledged, original and versatile source of the history of church and parochial education in the Steppe Territory in the late 19th — early 20th centuries, which reflets on its pages both the general condition of parish schools, church literacy schools, and certain aspects of the functioning of the education system in the region under the patronage of the Russian Orthodox Church, such as: education as one of the tools of missionary activity, newly baptized Kyrgyz (Kazakhs) and the education system, missionary schools and their role in missionary work, boarding schools for children of immigrants baptized Kyrgyz (Kazakhs) and much more.