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Harrison, Robert Vaughan. "Winston Churchill and European integration." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1985. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=129201.
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Sloane, W. Neville. "The paradox of unity : Winston Churchill, Mackenzie King and Anglo-Canadian relations, 1940-45." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435224.
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Steinhaus, Kathryn. "Valkyrie: gender, class, European relations and unity Mitford's passion for fascism." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107709.
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The English fascist and friend of Hitler, Unity Mitford, remains a controversial figure. She embodies the key social and political conflicts of the 1930s. There is considerable popular fascination with her life, yet Mitford's unique access to leaders and events of Britain and Nazi Germany makes her relevant to academic scholarship on interwar Europe. Her bizarre relationship with Adolf Hitler, the sensational media coverage of her story, and her desire to leave Britain in order to support Nazism from within Germany make Unity Mitford a fascinating lens through which to learn about gender, class, relations between European countries, and the appeal of fascism in the years before the Second World War. Her rebellions illuminate the normative values she rejected. Popular biographies and moralizing media hype are nonetheless the only texts to examine Mitford thus far. This dissertation will provide the first academic evaluation of Mitford's experience. Using feminist theory to dissect her public image as the prototype "groupie" and microhistorical methodology to move beyond biographical format, British and German sources will be integrated for the first time to provide a new contribution to understanding fascism and interwar Europe.La fasciste anglaise et amie de Hitler, Unity Mitford, demeure un personnage controversé. Elle incarne les principaux conflits sociopolitiques des années 1930. Bien qu'il existe une fascination populaire considérable envers ce que fut la vie de Mitford, l'accès privilégié dont elle a joui auprès des dirigeants de la Grande-Bretagne et de l'Allemagne nazie, ainsi que lors d'événements marquants de l'époque, en font un sujet pertinent de recherche sur l'Europe de l'entre-deux-guerres qui mérite une étude plus approfondie. Sa relation bizarre avec Adolf Hitler, la couverture médiatique sensationnelle de son histoire et son désir de quitter la Grande-Bretagne afin de soutenir le nazisme au sein même de l'Allemagne font de Unity Mitford une lentille fascinante à travers laquelle examiner les genres, les classes humaines, les relations entre les pays européens et l'attrait exercé par le fascisme au cours des années qui ont précédé la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Ses révoltes mettent en lumière les valeurs normatives qu'elle a rejetées. Jusqu'à présent, biographies populaires et battage médiatique moralisateur ne constituent néanmoins que les seuls écrits dont Mitford a été l'objet. Le présent mémoire va fournir la toute première évaluation universitaire de l'expérience de Mitford. En mettant à contribution la théorie féministe pour disséquer l'image publique de cette femme en tant que prototype « groupie », d'une part, et la méthodologie microhistorique pour aller au-delà du genre biographique, d'autre part, pour la première fois des sources britanniques et allemandes y sont intégrées en guise de contribution nouvelle pour comprendre le fascisme et l'Europe de l'entre-deux-guerres.
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Lewis, David Charles. "European unity and the discourse of collaboration, France and francophone Belgium, 1938-1945." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ27797.pdf.
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Stamm, Julia. "Unity in diversity? the European parliament and its elite after the 2004 enlargement." Baden-Baden Nomos, 2006. http://d-nb.info/98763545X/04.
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Kayser, Robin. "Land and liberty : the Non-European Unity Movement and the land question, 1933-1976." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13448.
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Include bibliographical references.This dissertation examines the political practice of the Non-European Unity Movement (NEUM) in the South African countryside during the latter half of the Twentieth Century. It demonstrates that the NEUM was the only liberation movement in South Africa which maintained that the land question was one of the most fundamental questions confronting the liberatory struggle in South Africa. It shows how the NEUM acted on their belief that the acute land-hunger experienced by the majority of the population in South Africa would be the mobilising force for a revolutionary overthrow of the existing political, social and economic order in South Africa This dissertation argues that the NEUM was the only liberation movement to consistently assign importance to the political organisation of what it termed the "landless peasantry" in the African reserves. Through a series of case studies this dissertation charts the trajectory of the NEUM's political work in the South African countryside from the early 1940s until the early 1970s. In so doing the dissertation also challenges the established historiography whic maintains that the NEUM shied away from popular struggles and did not develop into an organisation rooted among the population. The study commences with outlining the historical roots and ideological foundation of the NEUM. The bulk of the dissertation examines the practical implementation of the NEUM's political strategy in the countryside. It shows that between 1945 and the early 1960s the African reserves were seething with political ferment as rural dwellers resisted the implementation of numerous oppressive laws and regulations. Through supporting and attempting to provide direction to reserve dwellers in their struggles, the NEUM cadres gained a peasant following. By the early 1960s the NEUM laid claim to have captured the support of several numerically significant peasant organisations that emerged out of the struggles in the reserves. The final chapters of the dissertation argue that South Africa entered a "pre-revolutionary phase" in the early 1960s. They suggest that had the NEUM succeeded in gaining the necessary support in Africa to launch an armed campaign, the outcome of the liberatory struggle in South Africa may well have been fundamentally different. These chapters examine the changes in political strategy adopted by the NEUM in the early 1960s and the rapid growth of the African Peoples' Democratic Union of Southern Africa (a new national political organisation launched by the NEUM in 1961) among rural dwellers and migrant workers.
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Bruening, Michael Wilson. "Bern, Geneva, or Rome? The struggle for religious conformity and confessional unity in early Reformation Switzerland." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280155.
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The Reformation in French-speaking Switzerland outside of Geneva has received relatively little attention from historians. Unlike the movement in Geneva, the Reformation in its neighboring lands progressed in a completely different manner and was ultimately imposed on the people by the magistrates of Bern. Before 1536, Protestant reformers such as Guillaume Farel and Pierre Viret hardly touched most areas of the Pays de Vaud, which was governed by the Catholic duke of Savoy. Instead, they concentrated their efforts on areas within the jurisdiction of or allied to Protestant Bern, where they met with strong resistance from the people. The reformers focused their attacks---in preaching, in print, and symbolically in acts of iconoclasm directed against church altars---on the Catholic mass. Very few parishes abolished the mass, however. The religious situation shifted dramatically in 1536, however, when Bern conquered Vaud in its war against Savoy. Due to widespread resistance to the Protestant preachers, Bern imposed the Reformed faith on all its subjects following the 1536 Lausanne Disputation. The "new religion" was opposed by many, particularly the former Catholic clergy, many of whom continued to celebrate Catholic ceremonies in secret while waiting for a final resolution by the promised general council. The nobles suddenly found themselves vassals of the "common man," the Bern city council, and were loath to institute religious changes on their lands. The commoners in Vaud continued to practice traditions, such as praying to the saints and observing Catholic feast days. The Bernese magistrates and the Calvinist ministers in Vaud recognized these problems but could not agree on how to fix them. The Bernese saw the Reformation as a long-term process and hoped eventually to effect change by their ordinances. The ministers, led by Pierre Viret and strongly influenced by John Calvin, believed that change was taking place too slowly and that meanwhile the "body of Christ" was being polluted by unworthy communicants taking the eucharist. They argued for the necessity of greater ecclesiastical discipline, including excommunication, and the dispute led to the banishment of Viret and his colleagues, who subsequently moved to Geneva.
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Di, Furia Sara. "Il Regno Unito e l'Europa attraverso "Britain and the European Unity" di John. W. Young." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12779/.
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Lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di avvicinare un ipotetico lettore italiano al libro di John W. Young Britain and the European Unity. Ho scelto questo libro perché a seguito di recenti fatti di politica internazionale, è nato in me un interesse per la storia del Regno Unito e l'integrazione europea. Dopo averlo letto, l’impressione positiva che mi ha lasciato mi ha portato a volerne tradurre una parte. In primo luogo, ho prodotto una panoramica della storia del Regno Unito e dell'integrazione europea allo scopo di presentare al lettore le vicende narrate nel libro. In seguito, ho tradotto una piccola parte del libro, quella che riguarda gli albori dell’integrazione europea del Regno Unito, e in fine ho analizzato il processo di traduzione, sottolineando eventuali difficoltà incontrate e spiegando le strategie traduttive adottate. La mia tesi si compone di cinque capitoli. Il primo presenta brevemente l'autore e il libro, il secondo e il terzo capitolo coprono il contesto storico descritto nel libro, il quarto consiste nella traduzione di un estratto dal primo capitolo del libro, e, infine, il quinto è dedicato all’analisi e al commento delle strategie di traduzione adottate durante la traduzione. In appendice sono presenti il testo originale, ed un piccolo elenco delle abbreviazioni usate nel secondo e terzo capitolo.
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Möckli, Daniel. "European foreign policy during the Cold War : Heath, Brandt, Pompidou and the dream of political unity /." London : I.B. Tauris, 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9781845118068.
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Carmody, Sarah L. "Called to Unity: Language Perfection, Propagation, and Practice in France, from Louis XIII to the Third Republic." Thesis, Boston College, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/578.
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Thesis advisor: Virginia ReinburgThesis advisor: Paul Spagnoli
This investigation examines the impact of language in France from 1600 to 1900, with a particular focus on the relationship between linguistic developments and political, cultural, and social history. It traces the evolution of France from a polyglot kingdom into a linguistically-unified nation. This evolution began with the codification of written language, championed by the authorities who founded the French Academy. Written French struggled, through the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, against a vast array of patois, regional languages, and sociolects. These created both social and geographical divides. The French Revolution marked a major (but unsuccessful) government effort to impose a national language, establishing a strong link between concepts of language and identity. Political efforts of francisation defined the nineteenth century; more importantly, social interest and dependence upon a standard idiom increased drastically. The French people adopted the national language voluntarily, integrating it firmly into their sense of identity. Even in the linguistically-exceptional region of Alsace-Lorraine, where residents rejected both French and German, local language became integral to identity. Though authorities perfected language from above, the people accepted it from below, shaping French notions of identity and creating, in effect, modern France
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2006
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: History
Discipline: Romance Languages and Literature
Discipline: College Honors Program
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Rachovitsa, Adamantia. "'Fragmentation or unity of public international law' revisited : analysing the European Convention on Human Rights when the European Court takes cognisance of public international law norms." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13023/.
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This thesis addresses the legal challenges arising in the context of the ‘fragmentation or unity of public international law’. The question of the so-called fragmentation of public international law mainly refers to the phenomenon of diversification and expansion of public international law. In recent years, the proliferation of international bodies entrusted with the task of monitoring States’ compliance with their international obligations has increased the possibility of conflicting interpretations of similar or identical rules of international law. In this context, it is claimed that international courts with limited ratione materiae and personae jurisdiction fragment international law and threaten its unity. This thesis examines the question of the fragmentation of public international law from the perspective of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). In the view of the present author, the European Court has developed the autonomous interpretative principle of taking cognisance of public international law norms when interpreting the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). The ECtHR employs this interpretative principle in a fashion that is distinct from other seminal interpretative principles, namely the so-called comparative interpretation, the dynamic interpretation and the principle of effectiveness. Furthermore, this thesis provides in depth analysis of the ECtHR’s legal reasoning. It reaches conclusions on the type of public international law norms that the ECtHR takes into account and the conditions a norm must satisfy to qualify as ‘relevant’ and ‘applicable in the relations between the parties’. This thesis also provides an overall assessment of the different uses of public international law norms in the ECtHR’s reasoning, when expanding or restricting the scope of the rights and freedoms of the ECHR. It stresses the importance of the ECtHR’s practice of relying upon public international law norms in order to (re-)interpret the ECHR and overrule its previous case-law. Finally, this thesis explores the boundaries that should be set to restrict the impact of other relevant public international law norms on the construction of the ECHR. The study concludes that, in principle, the ECtHR does not threaten the unity of international law, but reads the ECHR harmoniously to public international law. The findings of this thesis also furnish evidence that the ECtHR has competence to pronounce on questions relating to international law and that, on certain occasions, it develops and enriches the scope and content of international law.
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Johansson, Jonna. "Learning to Be (come) A Good European : A Critical Analysis of the Official European Union Discourse on European Identity and Higher Education." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Management and Engineering, Linköpings universitet, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10384.
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RICETTI, MICHELE. "LA PANEUROPA DI RICHARD NIKOLAUS COUDENHOVE-KALERGI (1894 - 1972)." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6152.
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La presente tesi ha come oggetto di ricerca la riscoperta e l’approfondimento della vicenda storica e intellettuale di Richard Nikolaus Coudenhove-Kalergi, in qualità di fondatore di uno dei progetti di unità europea più importanti del Novecento, la “Paneuropa”.
La ricerca ha avuto, come primo obiettivo, quello di sondare soprattutto le modalità con cui l’Italia recepì il suo messaggio durante gli anni Venti e Trenta, risultato ottenuto attraverso l’analisi di alcune tra le riviste e testate giornalistiche più rappresentative di quegli anni.
Il lavoro ha successivamente dimostrato non solo se e quanto la cultura italiana fosse attenta alle dinamiche europee, ma anche il numero e la qualità dei rapporti amicali che Coudenhove-Kalergi, durante la sua vita, fu in grado di intrecciare con numerose personalità note e meno note del panorama italiano.The present dissertation is focused on the rediscover and in-depth analysis of the biography and intellectual life of Richard Nikolaus Coudenhove-Kalergi, as a founder and promoter of one the most important European unity projects in the XXth century, "Paneuropa". The research had, at first, the purpose to investigate how Italy adopted his message during the ’20s and ’30s, particularly analyzing some periodicals, magazines and newspapers most representative of those years. Afterwards, it has been demonstrated not only if and how much Italian culture was attentive to European dynamics, but also the number and quality of friendly bonds that Coudenhove-Kalergi was able to establish during his life with many more or less well-known personalities of the Italian scenario.
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Johansson, Jonna. "Learning To Be(come) A Good European : A Critical Analysis of the Official European Union Discourse on European Identity and Higher Education." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statsvetenskap, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10384.
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During the year 2007 when this thesis was completed the European Union could look back at fifty years of collaboration, which began with the signing of the Treaty of Rome in 1957 and which has developed from being mainly economic in character to incorporating a political as well as a social dimension at the European level. In 2007 the European Union also commemorated the twentieth anniversary of Erasmus, its higher education mobility programme. It is this relatively new political dimension which I have been interested in investigating in this thesis. More precisely, it is the political construction of a common European identity which is analysed using a critical discourse analysis approach. The major aim of this thesis has been two-fold. The first aim has been to investigate how the European is constructed in the discourse contained within the official European Union documents. I have been interested in analysing the various structures, in the form of ideas and norms which are used to construct 'the European'. The second aim has been to explore whether the role of higher educated, as constructed in the official European Union discourse, is given a similar identity-making role as education is argued to have in the nation-state according to the theory on national identity. I argue that there are three versions of European identity construction, i.e. cultural, civic, and neo-liberal, with their own relationship to higher education, present in the empirical material analysed, consisting of official European Union documents. Further, this thesis is also a study of the power of modern government. I argue that there is an increase in normative soft power where 'the Good European' is not something 'you' are but something 'you' become by being a responsible active citizen. Through the use of critical discourse analysis I illuminate the power which resides in the language in the discourse analysed. Thus, I have been interested in investigating how the discourse analysed works to both include and exclude individuals.Under 2007 då denna avhandling färdigställdes kunde den Europeiska Unionen se tillbaka på femtio år av samarbete som började med Romfördraget 1957 och som har utvecklats från att vara framförallt ekonomiskt till att även behandla politiska och sociala frågor på den europeiska nivån. År 2007 firade den Europeiska Unionen även tjugoårsjubileet för Erasmus, sitt program för rörlighet inom högre utbildning. Det är denna relativt nya politiska dimension som jag har varit intresserad av att undersöka i avhandlingen. Närmare bestämt, det är den politiska konstruktionen av en gemensam europeisk identitet som analyseras med hjälp av kritisk diskurs analys. Syftet med avhandlingen har varit tvådelat. Det första syftet har varit att undersöka hur europén skapas i diskursen som finns att finna i officiella EU policy dokument. Jag har varit intresserad av att analysera de olika strukturer, i form av idéer och normer som används för att konstruera 'europén'. Det andra syftet har varit att undersöka om högre utbildning, som den konstrueras i den officiella EU diskursen, har samma identitetsskapande roll som utbildning sägs ha i nationalstaten enligt nationell identitetsteori. Jag påstår att det finns tre versioner av europeisk identitet, i.e. kulturell, politisk och neoliberal, var och en med sin egen relation till högre utbildning, i det empiriska materialet, bestående av officiella EU dokument, som har undersökts. Dessutom, avhandlingen är en studie av den makt som är del av modernt styrande. Jag påstår att det har varit en ökning då det gäller 'mjuk. makt där en 'God Europé' inte är något 'du' är utan något 'du' blir genom att vara en ansvarstagande aktiv medborgare. Genom kritisk diskursanalys belyser jag uttrycken av makt som finns att finnas i den diskurs jag analyserar. Med andra ord, jag har varit intresserad av att undersöka hur den analyserade diskursen både inkluderar och exkluderar individer.
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Lowrey, Brian. "The Forging of a Nation: Cultural and Political Scottish Unity in the Time of Robert the Bruce." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707260/.
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While Scotland was politically unified before the First Scottish War of Independence (1296-1328), it was only nominally so. Scotland shared a rich cultural unity amongst the clans, and it was only through the invasion from England, and the war that followed, that Scotland found a true political unity under King Robert the Bruce. This thesis argues that Scotland had a shared cultural identity, including the way it waged war, and how it came to be united under one king who brought a sense of nationalism to Scotland.
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Newbury, Paul Augustus Rees-Isitt. "The role of formal education in the promotion of European unity, with special reference to the U.K., Netherlands, West Germany and France." Thesis, Durham University, 1985. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7051/.
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Dunbar, Cameron A. "Walking a Fine Line: Britain, the Commonwealth, and European Integration, 1945-1955." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1505144142763366.
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Geijer, Clara. "EU Unity at the UN General Assembly : A Study of Actorness Cohesion in the First Committee." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-6574.
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This study analyses the Actorness Cohesion (AC) of the EU’s foreign policy in the United Nations General Assembly First Committee by comparing the EU Delegation foreign policy-maker’s role conceptions to those made by the EU Member State (EU MS) Delegations on the same topic clusters. The concept of AC is developed from actorness and role theory as an ideational, constructivist measure of vertical policy coherence. AC represents the absence of ‘vertical conflicts’ between the EU and EU MS Delegation’s expressed role conceptions along four dimensions; Identity Cohesion, Goal Cohesion and Function Cohesion and Worldview Cohesion. This is studied by interpreting the role stability in the role-set; whether the contents are consistent, the EU role conception is central or whether the EU MS Delegations complement and/or are compatible to the EU role conception. Statements on topic clusters: ‘Disarmament Machinery’, ‘Conventional Weapons’ and ‘Outer Space (disarmament aspects)’ are analysed in order to determine the AC. The study concludes that whilst there is little evidence of the EU Delegation’s role conception being central to the EU MS Delegations, there is considerable consistency of contents. There are also indications of an emerging AC due to the EU MS Delegation’s role conceptions being complementary to that of the EU Delegation. The study calls for more research that will complement this plausibility-probe study and the concept of AC.
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Schotter, Geoffrey. "A Peculiar Type of Democratic Unity: Carl J. Friedrich's Strange Schmittian Turn 0r How Friedrich Stopped Worrying and Learned to Decide on the Exception." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1301688653.
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Ono, Reyn SP. "The Secret Weapons of World War II: An Analysis of Hitler's Chemical Weapons Policy." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/944.
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Very little historical scholarship specifically analyzes or explores the absence of chemical weapons in World War II. This thesis seeks to fill the gaps in the historical narrative by providing insight into the personal and external factors that influenced Hitler’s chemical weapons policy. This thesis also touches upon the wartime violence perpetrated by both the Axis and the Allies, thereby offering a neutral, unbiased historical account. From 1939-1941, Hitler did not deploy chemical weapons because his blitzkrieg of Europe was progressing successfully – chemical warfare was unnecessary. With the failure of Operation Barbarossa from 1942-1943, Armaments Minister Albert Speer oversaw a massive increase in the production of the lethal nerve agent tabun, indicating Hitler’s desire to deploy chemical gas on the Eastern Front. However, by the request of Soviet Premier Josef Stalin, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill threatened to retaliate against Nazi Germany with chemical strikes on German cities in May 1942. Hitler backed down because of the inadequacy of German air defense and his desire to protect the “Aryan” people – based on his own trauma with gas in World War I. However, in the final years of the war in 1944-1945, the stress of the Allied advance on Berlin caused the deterioration of the German dictator’s mental and physical state. Hitler’s thoughts became suicidal and destructive – the German people deserved extinction for their failure in World War II. Thus, Hitler issued the Nero Decree in March 1945. However, the architect turned Armaments Minister, aware of the war’s foregone conclusion, sought to obstruct Germany’s path to catastrophe. Likewise, Hitler sought to initiate chemical warfare. Again, Speer prevented unnecessary civilian casualties by shutting down chemical production plants. The German dictator did not take matters into his own hands because following the failure of the Ardennes Offensive in January 1945, Hitler also grew increasingly apathetic to governing the Third Reich. By April 1945, with Hitler a ghost of his former self, his subleaders fought for control of Nazi Germany, and their inability to cooperate led to a crisis of leadership. Thus, World War II concluded in Europe without chemical warfare. Ultimately, this thesis promotes an awareness of the legacy of violence ushered in by “modern warfare,” a contemporary issue yet to be adequately addressed.
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Csehi, Jason. "When Two Worlds Collide: The Allied Downgrading Of General Dragoljub “Draža” Mihailović and Their Subsequent Full Support for Josip Broz “Tito”." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1258151570.
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Hupp, Kimberly. ""Uncle Joe" : what Americans thought of Joseph Stalin before and after World War II /." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1245175828.
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Thesis (M.L.S.)--University of Toledo, 2009.Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of The Masters of Liberal Studies." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Bibliography: leaves 80-84.
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Kim, Yoojoung. "Identité et conscience européenne à travers les relations de Jean Monnet et de l'élite américaine 1938-1963." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0507/document.
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Les Asiatiques n‘ont, jusqu'à présent, jamais eu l‘occasion d‘organiser leur paix propre. C‘est sur ce chemin qu‘il faut chercher une forme de coexistence et de coopération asiatique tout comme l‘Europe l‘a réalisée après la seconde guerre mondiale. C‘est pour cette raison que l‘idée d‘unification européenne et en particulier celle de Jean Monnet est capitale. Bien entendu, il ne s‘agit pas de transposer mécaniquement et intégralement un modèle européen théorique, en écartant tout particularisme asiatique, mais plutôt de reprendre l‘esprit et les idées du modèle ainsi que la démarche (voire la méthodologie) adoptée lors de sa construction(no summary)
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Hall, Bruce W. "Gemeindegeschichte Als Vergleichende Geschichte: the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints in East Germany." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1998. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4743.
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From 1945 until the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR) endured the hardships of existing as a religious organization under a Communist regime. An evaluation of the LDS Church within the category of general and minority religions, which serves as a microcosmic evaluation of religion in the GDR, constitutes one part of this study. The uniqueness of the LDS Church and its experience - especially its American ties, ironically earlier a liability and later an asset - make it a candidate for a more independent evaluation, and the second part of this study. The social aspect of religion in the GDR, as it related to those of faith - including the lives of LDS members, constitutes the final aspect of this study. The Leipzig branch of the LDS Church, upon which most of this reserach is based, serves as an example of religious conformity, while proving itself socially, politically, and culturally unique. By placing the LDS Church in the context of religion in general, as well as examinng the atypical experience of the Leipzig branch, a greater understanding can be had of the religious, political and social life within the former German Democratic Republic.
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Lovelace, Alexander G. "Total Coverage: How the Media Shaped Command Decisions During World War II." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou158818861294131.
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Gardner, Janet Elizabeth. "Caryl Churchill: The Thatcher years." 1995. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9541108.
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During the eleven years of Margaret Thatcher's administrations in Britain, playwright Caryl Churchill had perhaps the most productive period in her career to date and achieved an unprecedented degree of success. This phenomenon is unusual since Churchill is a self-described socialist-feminist and these were times of increasing conservatism in the theatre, as in society as a whole. This dissertation seeks to explain this apparent contradiction. It begins with a survey of changes in British society during the Thatcher years, including the effects which Thatcher's policies and attitudes had on women, feminists, the left, and artists (especially theatre workers). Next, it examines Churchill's collaborative writing strategies against the context formed by an ideology of radical individualism. Three specific plays from the Thatcher Years are then considered in terms of the society's influences on them and their potential impact on contemporary culture. Top Girls (1982) is discussed as an attempt to reclaim the term "feminism" from a new breed of conservative business women and return it to the materialist-feminists who were once the core of the British women's movement. Fen (1983) is examined in terms of regional policy, class and gender issues, and the reconfiguration of "family" in Britain in the 1980s. Serious Money (1987) was Churchill's greatest commercial success, and the reasons for its popularity form the basis for the discussion of this play. In each case, considerable attention is given to issues of critical and public reception.
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陳珮凌. "Unity in Diversity ─ the Ideology and Cultural Identity of European Union." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11646386978597169034.
Full text
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Smith, D. J., M. Germane, and Martyn Housden. "‘Forgotten Europeans’: transnational minority activism in the age of European integration." 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/15326.
Full textAbstract:
yesThis article examines transnational activism by coalitions of national minorities in Europe from the early 20th century to the present, setting this within the broader ‘security versus democracy dilemma’ that continues to surround international discussions on minority rights. Specifically, we analyse two organisations – the European Nationalities Congress (1925–1938) and the Federal Union of European Nationalities (1949–) – which, while linked, have never been subject to a detailed comparison based on primary sources. In so far as comparisons do exist, they present these bodies in highly negative terms, as mere fronts for inherently particularistic nationalisms that threaten political stability, state integrity and peace. Our more in‐depth analysis provides a fresh and more nuanced perspective: it shows that, in both cases, concepts of European integration and ‘unity in diversity’ have provided the motivating goals and frameworks for transnational movements advocating common rights for all minorities and seeking positive interaction with the interstate world.
The full text will be available at the end of the publisher's embargo, 15th Feb 2020.
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Bodasing, Anshal. "The African Union and human rights : drawing from the European experience of human rights supervision, what impact might the African Union, and the consequent creation of an African court, have on Africa with regard to human rights, African unity, and the issue of state sovereignty?" Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9522.
Full textAbstract:
The formation of the African Union (AU) holds great promise for Africa with
regard to development. It also brings a new dimension to human rights in Africa,
with the creation of the African Court. However, the OAUs legacy of human rights
supervision and the development of democracy lacks in many areas. Europe,
however, has manifested itself into an entity capable of trans-border cooperation
and has been able to sustain this over a long period of time.
What the OAU has accomplished in this regard is not compatible with the current
status of international law theory and practise. There is a need then for change in
these areas, and what better opportunity is there, than for a new dispensation in
regional governance to apply to relevant policies and programmes to effect this
change?
This dissertation will endeavour to present a study of how the European legacy in
Africa worked to the latter's detriment over the past five or six decades since
decolonisation. Yet, there are lessons that may be learnt from Europe's unification
that can be successfully implemented in Africa. Further, by analysing the
weaknesses of Africa's current system of human rights supervision, and rectifying
or reforming them, much may be accomplished in the advancement of the system.
Therefore reformation of the system will be discussed at length. However, the
success of the system will be evidenced by the commitment of its component
members.
Thus far the status quo in Africa reflects unwillingness on the part of the state to
surrender its sovereignty. This was one of the reasons for the impotence of the
OAU. Will the AU be able to overcome this condition? The onus remains on the
state to shore up their commitments to the treaties which they have ratified, and to
deliver on the promises they have made, because there are solutions, and whether
or not they are implemented ultimately depends on the AU.Thesis (LL.M.)-University of Natal, 2003.
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Šedinová, Pavla. "Výtvarný a hudební minimalismus." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-299981.
Full textAbstract:
Pavla Šedinová: Minimal art and minimal music Abstract: This thesis focuses on the theoretical description of minimalism in the fine arts and music. It follows the progression of minimisation in art in the first half of the twentieth century, which culminates in minimal art and minimal music, and compares its principles with multiplication in the work of Andy Warhol and Velvet Underground. At the same time the paper discusses the difference between American minimalism and its European and Czech parallels. The aim of this thesis is describing main concepts of minimalism that could be relevant for teaching purposes. The pedagogical part of the thesis focuses on the manner in which the obtained information about the fine arts and music could be utilised in teaching, particularly in Elementary Art Schools. The practical part demonstrates my own approach to minimalist principles.
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Bravo, Teresa Maria da Silva. "O Ne bis in idem no Espaço de Liberdade, Segurança e Justiça e no Direito Europeu da Concorrência." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/16343.
Full textAbstract:
Ne bis in idem, understood as a procedural guarantee in the EU assumes different features in the AFSJ and in european competition law. Despite having a common origin (being, in both sectors the result of the case law of the same jurisdictional organ) its components are quite distintic in each area of the integration.
In the AFSJ, the content of bis and idem are broader and addressed at a larger protection of individuals. Its axiological ground is based on the freedom of movements and human dignity, whereas in european competition law its closely linked to defence rights of legal persons and the concept of criminal punishment of anticompetitive sanctions as interpreted by the ECHR´s jurisprudence. In european competition law, ne bis in idem is limited by the systemic framework of competition law and the need to ensure parallel application of both european and national laws.
Nonetheless, the absence of a compulsory mechanism to allocate jurisdiction in the EU (both in the AFSJ and in the field of anti-trust law) demands a common axiological framework. In this context, ne bis in idem must be understood as a defence right based on equity and proportionality.
As far as its international dimension is concerned, ne bis in idem also lacks an erga omnes effect and it is not considered to be a rule of ius cogens.
Consequently, the model which the ECJ has built regarding the application of the ne bis in idem in transnational and supranational contexts should be replicated by other courts through cross fertilization, in order to internationalize that procedural guarantee and broaden its scope of application.O ne bis in idem enquanto princípio-garantia da União Europeia assume caraterísticas distintas no ELSJ e no direito europeu da concorrência. Embora tendo em comum a origem pretoriana e sendo, em ambos os casos, fruto da jurisprudência do mesmo órgão jurisdicional, a densificação dos seus elementos constituintes foi efetuada, de forma diferenciada numa e noutra área da integração. No ELSJ, o conteúdo dos elementos bis e idem é amplo e orientado à proteção integral do indivíduo, baseando-se numa axiologia assente na liberdade de circulação e na dignidade da pessoa humana enquanto direitos fundamentais. Em contrapartida, no direito europeu da concorrência, a sua fundamentação axiológica resulta da necessidade de garantir os direitos de defesa das empresas numa ótica de processo justo, a partir do conceito de materialidade penal das sanções aplicadas, tal como interpretado pelo TEDH. Neste domínio, aquele princípio-garantia encontra-se limitado pelas caraterísticas sistémicas daquele segmento da integração e pela necessidade de assegurar a aplicação paralela do direito europeu e dos direitos nacionais da concorrência. A ausência de mecanismos vinculativos de escolha da jurisdição na UE e a possibilidade dessa ausência vir a conduzir a fenómenos de multiplicação da ação repressiva, contra as mesmas pessoas, pelos mesmos fatos, reforça a importância da dimensão garantística do ne bis in idem e afastam o princípio da unidade da atuação sancionatória como seu fundamento axiológico. Consequentemente, esse fundamento terá que ser comum e baseado num princípio de equidade e proporcionalidade, na vertente da proibição do excesso. Na dimensão internacional, o ne bis in idem não assume efeito erga omnes nem constitui uma regra de ius cogens, apesar de se mostrar consagrada em inúmeros instrumentos jurídicos de direito internacional referentes aos direitos fundamentais. Todavia, essa internacionalização é possível, através da técnica das referências cruzadas ou cross fertilization. O ne bis in in idem europeu, tal como modelado pelo TJUE, constitui um arquétipo decisório que outros tribunais, de diferentes jurisdições, poderão replicar, em distintos sistémicos, como forma de internacionalizar a sua aplicação, em nome de uma ética universal de proteção dos direitos de defesa.
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Carré, Dobah. "La faillite internationale: droit comparé, le système canadien et le système européen." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2645.
Full textAbstract:
La faillite internationale est une matière complexe qui a donné lieu à un long et vif débat doctrinal entre les tenants des systèmes de la territorialité et de l'universalité. Une faillite est internationale lorsqu'elle met en présence un débiteur possédant des biens ou des créanciers dans plus d'un pays. Puisque la matière de faillite est souvent très différente d'un pays à l'autre, l'application du système de la pluralité, retenue dans la plupart des pays, soulève plusieurs problèmes particulièrement en ce qui concerne la coordination entre les diverses faillites et le manque de protection des créanciers, notamment parce qu'elle accorde des effets limités à la reconnaissance des procédures de faillite étrangères. En effet, en présence de procédures de faillite concurrentes il s'agit de répondre aux questions suivantes: quelle est la juridiction compétente pour ouvrir et organiser la faillite? Quelle est la loi applicable? Dans quels États cette faillite va-t-elle produire des effets? Dans le présent mémoire, il s'agit d'établir une comparaison entre le système canadien et le système européen en matière de faillite internationale. Le législateur canadien a récemment envisagé de modifier sa législation sur la faillite pour permettre une meilleure coopération internationale en matière de faillite internationale. Le projet canadien C-55 reprend pour l'essentiel les dispositions contenues dans la loi-type de la commission des Nations-Unis pour le droit commercial international (CNUDCI) sur «l'insolvabilité internationale». Ainsi, il permet de faciliter réellement la reconnaissance des décisions de faillite étrangères, il accorde une plus grande portée aux effets de cette reconnaissance et il prévoit une coordination des procédures multiples en établissant une «hiérarchisation» des procédures de faillite relativement semblable au système européen. Cependant, le projet canadien atteint moins bien l'objectif d'universalité que le Règlement européen 1346/2000 au niveau du traitement égalitaire entre les créanciers locaux et les créanciers étrangers. Si la loi-type offre à tous les États une utilité pratique considérable pour les nombreux cas de coopération internationale, l'harmonisation de la faillite internationale dépendra de son adoption dans les différentes législations. Bien que plusieurs pays aient inséré ce modèle dans leur législation sur la faillite, il n'est pas encore possible, à l'heure actuelle, de parler d'un droit international de la faillite.International insolvency is a complex subject that has given rise to a long and sharp doctrinal debate between supporters of systems of territorialism and of universality. An insolvency is international where a debtor possesses goods or creditors in more than one country. Since the matter of bankruptcy is often very different from one country to another, the application of the system of plurality, which is retained in the majority of countries, raises several problems, particularly with regard to the coordination between several bankruptcies and the lack of protection of creditors, largely because plurality grants effects that are limited to the recognition of the foreign bankruptcy procedures. Indeed, in the presence of concurrent procedures of bankruptcy, the following questions must be addressed: Which is the court having jurisdiction to open and organize the bankruptcy? Which law is applicable? In which States will this bankruptcy produce effects? This thesis will establish a comparison between the Canadian system and the European system with respect to international bankruptcy. The Canadian legislator recently planned to modify its legislation on bankruptcy in order to better foster international co-operation in the realm of international bankruptcy. The Canadian Bill C-55 largely reiterates the provisions contained in the Model Law on cross border insolvency (UNCITRAL). Bill C-55 thus facilitates the recognition of foreign decisions of bankruptcy, it grants a greater scope to the effects of this recognition and it aims to coordinate multiple bankruptcy procedures by establishing a "hierarchisation" there of that is relatively similar to the European system. However, the Canadian project does not achieve the goal of universality as well as does the European regulation 1346/2000 with respect to equal treatment between local creditors and foreign creditors. If the Model Law offers all States the considerable practical utility for many incidences of international co-operation, the harmonization of international bankruptcy will depend on the adoption of the Model Law in various domestic legislations. Although several countries have inserted this model in their legislation on bankruptcy, it is not yet possible, at the present time, to speak of an international law of bankruptcy.