Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ciblage monétaire'
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Duong, Thithuy Nga. "Ciblage de l'inflation et politique monétaire au Vietnam." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO22020.
Full textInflation targeting (hereafter IT) is the newest monetary policy framework in the world. The practice of IT has been chosen by both advanced countries and emerging countries. However, two main issues are still under debate particularly in emerging and developing countries. They are the benefits of IT and preconditions to success adoption. Empirically, we showed that IT is considered as a successful monetary policy framework for emerging countries. In addition, it is not necessary for emerging markets to satisfy all stringent preconditions to successfully adopt IT. In practice, the fiscal situation and the central bank independence play a more important role than other conditions and need to be prepared first.Basing on Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR), the thesis concludes that Vietnamese monetary policy currently does not effectively control the inflation rate. Inflation targeting framework would be a solution to this. Nonetheless, this thesis concludes that at this moment in time Vietnam is not able to adopt the IT framework, as it still must prepare some of the preconditions required before official adoption. The recommendations of hardening the budget constraint and increase central bank independence in relationship with government are suggested before implementing IT strategy
Kim, Eun-Kyung. "Régime de ciblage de l'inflation : expériences et leçons à tirer." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100033.
Full textThe purpose of this doctoral dissertation is to analyze the inflation targeting regime, that is a monetary policy framework in which constrained discretion can be practiced. Inflation targeting as an institutional strategy regroups five major elements : the public announcement of numeric inflation targets, an institutional commitment of price stability as the final objective of monetary policy, the usage of available information concerning the indicators to handle the monetary policy instrument, a strengthened transparency by means of communication with the public and market with regards to monetary policy, a greater accountability of the central bank for its monetary policy-making. In fact, the inflation targeting regime consists of the institutionalization of the transparency and accountability mechanism that rests on the instrument independence, on the one hand, and the target formulation such as a choice of inflation rate and an index of inflation, a targeting horizon and the inflation forecast etc. .
Carré, Emmanuel. "La science et l'art du ciblage de l'inflation." Bordeaux 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR40060.
Full textThe monetary policy regime of inflation targeting is a creature of the art of central banking. It was invented in 1989 by central bankers nearly without any academic "science" input. It was originally practised as an expectations management strategy embedded in an institutional framework, and dedicated to the edification of the inflation target as the new solution to the ongoing quest for a nominal anchor. The new mainstream in macroeconomics (New Neo-Classical Synthesis) now claims to have developed standard robust model for this regime : the "science" of inflation targeting. Hence, they assert to have filled the gap between inflation targeting "art" and "science", the latter even pretending to be at the vanguard of the former. The goal of this thesis is to make an assessment of inflation targeting after 20 years, and to evaluate if the gap between the science and the art of inflation targeting has really vanished. Confronting theory with practice, this research also aims to highlight the remaining limits in the science of inflation targeting. Through these research questions this thesis intends to be a monograph of the inflation targeting regime
Salle, Isabelle. "Apprentissage, hétérogénéité et politique monétaire : une application aux régimes de ciblage de l'inflation." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40056/document.
Full textThe main goal of this Ph.D. dissertation is to reconsider the role of monetary policy in a learningeconomy populated by boundedly rational and heterogeneous agents. This work is in the line with the growingliterature on learning and monetary policy, which has emerged since the eighties (Sargent (1993), Evans &Honkapohja (2001)). The dissertation aims at developing that literature through a complex system modelingstrategy (see Miller & Page (2007)), applying it to the analysis of inflation targeting regimes, and especiallyhighlighting the role of the anchor of inflation expectations. Starting from the analytic models available in theliterature (see Woodford (2003b)), the dissertation gradually develops a framework using agent-based modeling.While deeply exploring the emergent phenomena in that framework, the thesis raises the issue of the design ofoptimal monetary policy rules, and emphasizes how the interplay of learning mechanisms and inflation targetingregimes is crucial for the performances of that regime
Youssef, Hoda. "Ciblage d’Inflation en Égypte ? : exigences budgétaires et institutionnelles." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0005.
Full textNflation targeting has emerged in recent years as an increasingly advocated framework for conducting monetary policy in order to achieve and maintain price stability. However, there is a wide consensus on the necessity of meeting a set of economic, institutional and technical preconditions in order to be able to successfully adopt an inflation targeting regime. Like many other developing countries, Egypt is aspiring to introduce inflation targeting as a framework for its monetary policy once the fundamental prerequisites are met. This thesis reviews these prerequisites and analyzes the extent to which they are met in Egypt. We argue that the major challenges that Egypt faces are the fiscal and institutional requirements, as the Egyptian economy suffers from fiscal dominance, a questionable independence of its central bank, as well as the weakness of the budgeting system and the mechanisms of execution and control of fiscal policy
Noglo, Agbényégan Yawo. "Pauvreté monétaire et multidimensionnelle au Togo : mesure, analyse et évaluation d’impact des politiques de ciblage." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100078.
Full textRanked 162nd in the world out of 183, Togo is one of the least advanced countries in the world. Shaken by a huge political crisis in the 90’s with dramatic social and economic consequences, the country has had positive GDP growth rates since 2006. However, this performance is still not enough to considerably alleviate the country’s multiform poverty. This dissertation aims to measure two approaches of poverty: the monetary one and basic needs. The measuring tools are: Foster Greer Thorbecke (FGT) poverty indices once a poverty line is determined, Multiple Correspondance Analysis (MCA) used to construct a Composite Poverty Indicator (CPI) and finally econometric estimations. Having introduced some targeting policies, a special attention is paid to micro-finance. Statistical results have shown evidence that, despite the high level of loan repayment by group lending members, they remain non-monetary poor. It is also noticed that the repayment performance isn’t linked to any improvement of the credit group member’s monetary situation, but rather to the very nature of group lending technology
Tshimanga, Kabutakapua Philippe. "Politique monétaire de ciblage d'inflation : une analyse comparative parmi les marchés émergents de l'Amérique latine." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA131016.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the fundamental theory of the monetary policy of inflation targeting and its adoption by the emergent countries of the Latin America and, particularly by Brazil. The transmission system of the monetary policy under this policy privileges the practice of high interest rates which are counterproductive and stimulates the economy of the shareholders. Under the inspiration of the Post Keynesian theory, interest rates are regarded as a distributive variable and must be maintained on bottom grades not to support the economy of the shareholders but for to encourage the production and for consequence the economic growth. After several years of the adoption of this monetary policy by Brazil, the growth is maintained poor on average and the international insertion of the country directed more and more towards the industry of weak and average technology in comparison with other emergent countries. In spite of the improvement of the indicators and fundamental macroeconomic in Brazil, the practice of high real interest rates always remains to “rendez-vous”. The empirical results obtained in this thesis show that the fundamental ones are not determining differential of interest rates of Brazil compared to the international rates
Neupauerová, Marianna. "Nature et évolution de la politique monétaire en Slovaquie depuis 1990." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR0033/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to characterise and to evaluate evolution of monetary policy in Slovakia as well as to suggest an optimal monetary strategy for the future. Theoretical part treats beginning and evolution of the monetary policy in the world and main approaches in its application within central banking. In the conclusion of theoretical part is review of literature dealing with similar problematic. The thesis analyses evolution of National Bank of Slovakia (NBS) independence, instruments and objectives. Evaluation of NBS monetary policy application, respectively State Bank of Czechoslovakia monetary policy application, is divided into five basic periods since 1990 to 2005. It is crucial to choose an optimal monetary strategy in order to increase central bank effectiveness and at the same time in respect to the Slovak Republic integration procedures. The thesis compares and analyses advantages and disadvantages of several alternative monetary strategies as for intermediate objectives and as for decisional process. According to our conclusions a Taylor-type rule should be the integral part of the optimal NBS monetary strategy. The rule originates from basic Taylor rule that enables to determinate direction and volume of central bank measurements. Our Taylor rule is applied and adopted to Slovak macroeconomic conditions. Time ranks of chosen macroeconomic indicators since 1993 to 2005 were applied in determination and calculation of the rule. Achieved results are significantly consistent with theory, initial pre-assumptions and current NBS activity
Sall, Abdoul Khadry. "Les perspectives de ciblage de l'inflation dans les pays de l'Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA)." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE0507/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on evaluating the "Prospects of Inflation Targeting in the WAEMU countries" in the wakeof the new institutional reform followed by the WAMU and the BCEAO. This reform must be accompanied byan explicit operational strategy insofar as its major innovations are very close to a policy of inflation targeting.Accordingly, we assess the impact of monetary policy of the BCEAO that focused on fixed exchange ratesince independence. In this respect, we manifest the inability of the fixed exchange rate policy to anchorinflation expectations in the WAEMU countries and the potential contribution regarding the announcement oftarget in controlling inflation (Chapter 1). In addition, we demonstrate, on the one hand, that the fixedexchange rate policy was not the cause of inflation contained in the WAEMU, and on the other, it providespoor results in terms of high and sustained economic growth (Chapter 2). Consequently, we recommend aframework of combination of an intermediate exchange rate regime and an inflation targeting strategy forWAEMU countries. Hence, an inflation target has been determined and it appears to be different from onecountry to another, against the 2% target announced by the Monetary Policy Committee of the BCEAO(Chapter 3). Finally, we define the inflation targeting rule, and show that the best optimal rule that monetaryauthorities adopt in an inflation targeting framework should ideally, reconciles nominal anchor and economicregulation (Chapter 4)
Bousrih, Jihéne. "L'adoption du ciblage de l'inflation dans la politique monétaire des économies émergentes : apport théorique et validation empirique." Rennes 1, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00646573.
Full textThis thesis deals with the adoption of inflation targeting policy in considering the economic and financial characteristics of the emerging economies. Since its first adoption in 1990, the inflation targeting showed its efficiency by limiting the sharp rise in prices and by favoring the economic growth. However, for emerging markets, the improvement of their economic performance remains very low. This is due to the characteristics of these economies and to their economic and financial vulnerability. The theoretical approach of this thesis investigates the impact of two of these characteristics, the commercial dependence and the financial dependence, on the choice of the monetary policy. The results show that the optimal monetary policy for the emerging economy Central Bank is the inflation targeting policy which limits the transmission of the imported inflation to the level of the domestic prices. The empirical approach of this thesis shows, on the one hand, that the inflation targeting policy was efficient in the emerging and developed economies and the other hand, that a robust monetary, budgetary and financial system limits the volatility of inflation
Oliveira, Ultremare Fernanda. "L'endogénéité de la monnaie au Brésil : la création de crédit après l'adoption du régime de ciblage de l'inflation." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD050/document.
Full textThe evaluation of money endogeneity reveals the complex arrangements that form a banking structure and its ability to create money through credit. In this regard, the key features of the Post-Keynesian structuralist approach of money supply are : (i) money is mostly created in the credit market ; and (ii) monetary authorities impose some limits to credit creation, however, they do not entirely determine its process. Hereof, both money demand and liquidity preference of agents (banks, firms and consumers) are the underlying forces that sustain these two attributes. The thesis investigates what has determined credit money supply in Brazil and how monetary policy has bounded this process after the adoption of the inflation targeting regime in 1999. We, first, outline the intrinsic characteristics of money supply in a monetary economy of production by addressing the Post-Keynesian structuralist theory on the subject. Thereafter, we focus on the current dominant academic thinking that guides the formulation of monetary policies for numerous Central Banks by almost three decades, i.e. the New Consensus in Macroeconomics (NCM), and assess its divergences to the Post-Keynesian approach. Following, we highlight the extensive debate that the 2007-2009 financial crisis brought among theorists, pointing to the alternative Post-Keynesian view of both monetary policy and credit and business cycles. After the theoretical argumentation, Brazilian monetary policy objectives and instruments are investigated in order to gather the most important elements that shall constraint bank’s credit money creation. Finally, we enlighten the path of credit supply in Brazil from 1999 to 2016, where both the changes in the financial system and in the balance sheet of banks are analyzed. We ultimately estimate a dynamic panel data model and a VECM model using data from the balance sheets of the fifty largest banks in the country for the period under investigation. We thus find evidences that the money supply has an ascending relation with the interest rate, and, therefore, it is neither horizontal nor vertical, but rather, respond to the liquidity preference of banks. Hence, the thesis contributes to the construction of a more accurate discussion of the endogeneity of money supply in Brazil, widening the understanding of the imposed restrictions of monetary policy to the banking system
Ftiti, Zied. "Politique de ciblage d’inflation : règles de conduites, efficacité, performance." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO22005/document.
Full textThe inflation targeting policy (ITP) was born after the failure of many monetary policies. However, the ITP was adopted without inherent theory which raised many discussions. In this dissertation, we study the most important debates. In the first chapter, we defined the ITP. Then, we treat the question of the optimal rule conduct. We show that the optimal monetary rule is a type Taylor rule under a Forward-Looking version and which can be linear or nonlinear. In the third chapter, we focus on the discussion about the relevance of the inflation targeting policy. To study this point we use the evolutionary spectral analysis to model the inflation series and we test then, if the ITP cause a structural break. Our results show the relevance of the ITP. The last discussion in this work is to check the macroeconomic performance of the ITP. The main idea is to consider the ITP as economically efficient when it generates a stable monetary environment. The latter is considered as stable when a long-run equilibrium exists to which the paths of economic variables (inflation rate, interest rate and GDP growth) converge. The convergence of the variables’ paths implies that these variables are more predictable and implies a less uncertainty in the economic environment. To measure the degree of convergence between economic variables, we propose, in this paper, a dynamic time-varying variable presented in the frequency approach named cohesion. This variable is estimated from the evolutionary co-spectral theory. The results show that the ITP is a relevance policy and generate a good performance
Naqvi, Bushra. "Essais sur le ciblage de l'inflation : un choix optimal pour les banques centrales asiatiques." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010007.
Full textAguir, Abdelkader. "Stabilité, croissance économique et ciblage d'inflation." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAE001/document.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the inflation targeting policy in emerging economies. To be more specific, the developments of this thesis aimed to investigate the conduct, efficiency and performance of the policy of monetary strategy in an instability context. Therefore, we proceed in two steps. First, we study the conduct rule of the inflation targeting policy (Chapter 1), showing how this notion of optimal rule should guide the behaviour of the Central Bank in its decisions of monetary policy, in order to achieve the inflation goal, by emphasizing the role of transparency and credibility of the monetary policy, as a performance criterion, by evaluating the different experiences of the emerging countries that have adopted an inflation targeting and have been able to strengthen the effectiveness of the monetary regime (Chapter 2). Then, in a second step, we distinguish periods of pre-targeting and post-targeting to evaluate the performance of this policy. Thus, we show that inflation targeting is economically efficient if it generates an environmental stability of monetary policy (Chapter 3). Finally, we analyze the efficiency and performance of the inflation targeting policy in emerging economies in times of crisis, taking into account the financial crisis of 2008 and 2009 that produced the worst global recession since the 1930s (Chapter 4). We are developing an econometric approach based on a dynamic panel data in order to study the degree of stability of the economic environment targeted countries in a context of instability. Our results show a significant difference in inflation performance with macro-economic performances in a global economic environment characterized by a global financial crisis, and that these differences are generally attributable to the choice of the strategy of monetary policy
Gürbüz, Beşek Zehra Yeşim. "Crédibilité et efficacité de la politique de ciblage d’inflation en Turquie sur la période 2002-2006." Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00298438/fr/.
Full textTurkey has adopted an implicit inflation targeting regime between 2002 and 2005, and then inflation targeting became explicit since 2006. My thesis’s objective is to examine the credibility and efficiency of this monetary policy and to see whether it has improved the credibility of Central Bank of Republic of Turkey. This policy change has proved to be efficient in the early years: the seigniorage effect has significantly decreased, the inflation rate has fallen below 10% and growth rate of GDP was over 6%. Our study demonstrates theoretically it is a monetary policy, which avoids the inflationary bias and combines various measures of credibility improvement. Credibility is measured by inflation expectations. The empirical analysis of inflation expectations is based on errors of prevision. Our results shows that the expectations are adaptive and private agents’ errors are smaller and smaller in time. The decreasing yield curve indicates that the financial markets anticipate a disinflation between 2002 and 2005, but the curve increases again in 2006. These findings indicate that certain credibility has been provided but it is fragile. The econometric analysis by VECM of joint process of Central Bank’s and secondary market’s key rates points out the existence of a long term equilibrium rate defined by Central Bank. Seo tests result that the unfavorable geopolitical shocks didn’t affect the rates’ dynamics but the opening of the negotiations for Turkey to join the EU enhanced the efficiency of monetary policy
Gürbüz, Besek Zehra Yesim. "Crédibilité et efficacité de la politique de ciblage d'inflation en Turquie sur la période 2002-2006." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00298438.
Full textSayari, Zied. "Etude des performances de la politique économique : l'exemple du ciblage d'inflation en contexte de ruptures structurelles." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENE015.
Full textSince its first introduction in 1990, the policy of inflation targeting has become the most adopted monetary policy by central banks in both developed and emerging economies. This strategic priority of monetary policy has led us to think the effectiveness of this choice. The objective of this thesis is then to study the economic performance of this economic policy especially in the case of structural interruptions. The first chapter presents the theoretical approach of this work focusing on performance and the necessity of adopting this policy in order to control its volatility. The empirical approach of this thesis aims to verify the performance of this transition. The second chapter shows the effectiveness of the new system by studying its effect on the inflation dynamics, the growth and indicators which affect the macroeconomic environment. This work also explores the existence of different points of structural interruptions. The third chapter illustrates the existence of these date changes corresponding to the regime switching. The present study reveals on one side that there is economic performance following the regime change. On the other hand, the results confirm the existence of many structural break points which coincide with the implementation of the new policy of inflation targeting
Lai, Ngoc Anh. "Essays on central banking in Vietnam." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010017/document.
Full textDifficulties of the central bank of Vietnam during the last decade in controlling price inflation and securing its inflation goals have launched and nurtured a vigorous debate on whether the current monetary policy strategy, in place since 1992 remains always appropriate. lnspired of this idea, this thesis aims to examine the relevance of the quantitative monetary targeting framework. Furthermore, the thesis recommends some arrangement in order to improve monetary policy efficiency. After an introductory chapter, Chapter 2 propose the state of the art of the economy of Vietnam. Two following chapters investigate the conditions that an effective money targeting strategy requires and whether they are fully satisfied in Vietnam. Indeed, the existence of a stable money demand function in the long run is considered in Chapter 3, and a significant predictive power that money should have on inflation is tested in Chapter 4. It is proved that the money demand function is stable and the hypothesis according to which money growth may forecast future inflation cannot be rejected. The monetary targeting is therefore still relevant for Vietnam. The last two chapters compute and suggest various monetary policy indicators by means of exhaustive evaluation exercises. Different core inflation measure and a composite index of financial conditions are introduced, which are justified to be meaningful for the policy making process of the central bank
Ba, Adama. "Les déterminants de la crédibilité et de la réputation des Banques centrales et de la politique monétaire : une analyse de la littérature et une application aux pays en développement." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2012/document.
Full textAchieving and maintaining the credibility of monetary policy, measured by the gap between outcomes and official announcements of policy (Gilles [1992]), has become a crucial task for the Monetary Authority when, from the 1980s, was tackled in the economic literature, the issue of central banking (Bastidon & Gilles [2014]). Indeed, the delegation of monetary policy to an independent central bank vis-à-vis the public authority has become a main determinant of credibility in advanced economies (Cukierman [1992], Bordo & Orphanides [2013]). However, its relevance for developing countries due to their specific characteristics (Kugman & al [1992], Assoumou-Ella & Bastidon [2015]) is far from being settled. Using a simple model and a loss of function of the central bank similar to those of Ball [1999] or Cavoli [2008], we compare two different exchange rate regimes to determine which cases are most likely to encourage governments to intensify the fight against corruption, while maintaining the objective of price stability. A credible anchor regime leads to high taxation and low levels of corruption and inflation, but at a low level of growth. An independent monetary regime unanchored, however, usually leads to a higher level of corruption. However, when the independence of the central bank is strong enough, the independent monetary regime unanchored can also lead to less corruption, more production and spending, although with higher inflation a monetary regime with anchor. These results suggest that in the case of developing countries, the independence of the central bank associated with pegged exchange rates would be neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for price stability
Pourroy, Marc. "Essays on monetary policy in emerging economies." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010061/document.
Full textThis PhD dissertation is made of four papers on central banking in inflation-targeting emerging economies. The first part of the dissertation is dedicated to two empirical works, based on the experiences of the 19 emerging economies that have adopted an inflation-targeting framework. I examine what exchange rate arrangement these economies are implementing together with the inflation targeting strategy, and what can explain their choice. ln the first chapter, I propose a new method to build up taxonomies of exchange-rate regimes. My approach is based on Gaussian mixture estimates. ln the second chapter, the choices for exchange-rate arrangements are explained though panel econometrics analysis. The second part of the dissertation is about the theory of optimal monetary policy. ln the first chapter, I propose an original dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model to study what should monetary policy do when food price hikes, in a small open emerging economy. ln the last chapter, a similar modeling approach is used to analysis how credit constraints impact monetary policy in financially venerable emerging economies
Lucotte, Yannick. "Etudes des interactions entre les stratégies de ciblage d'inflation et leur contexte institutionnel : Application aux économies émergentes." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952280.
Full textFouejieu, Azangue Armand. "Financial Stability and Inflation Stabilization." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE0503/document.
Full textThe 2008/2009 global financial crisis has revived the debate on the concern for financial stability in themonetary policy-making, stressing the need to reconsider the role of central banks in ensuring financialstability. The crisis has also pointed some flaws in the existing (micro) prudential regulation and therelevance to move toward a broader regulatory framework aiming to prevent systemic risk. This thesis isbuilt upon these issues. It investigates the extent to which financial stability may be of particular concernin a context where the main monetary policy objective is inflation stabilization (typically, in an inflationtargeting regime –IT–). It further assesses how the macroprudential framework and monetary policy canbe articulated to ensure the best outcome in terms of macroeconomic and financial stability (Chapter I).The conclusions derived from this work suggest that, faced with the recent global financial turmoil,inflation targeting central banks have been more able to mitigate the shock, certainly thanks to higherpolicy credibility (Chapter II). However, we evidence that IT countries (especially in EMEs) are morefinancially vulnerable than their non-IT counterparts, despite central banks’ response to financial risks(Chapter III). Following the latter conclusion, we investigate more closely the effectiveness of the leaningagainst the wind strategy. We show that such a policy response generates trade-offs between thefinancial and macroeconomic stability objectives of the monetary authorities. The best stabilizationoutcome is achieved when an effective macroprudential framework is implemented, combined withhigher central bank’s concern with financial risks (Chapter IV). Furthermore, we show that in EMEsITers, foreign exchange interventions are used to mitigate their financial vulnerability to external shocks,although the IT regime requires a fully floating exchange rate regime (Chapter V)
M'Baye, Cheick Kader. "Theoretical and empirical essays on inflation targeting and central bank transparency." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO22010.
Full textThis dissertation contributes to the debate on inflation targeting and central bantransparency by presenting three theoretical and empirical essays on the topic. In the first essay, we theoretically investigate the conditions under which it would be optimal for a central bank to explicitly adopt an inflation targeting regime. We propose a new theoretical framework that combines the two main frictions put forward in the literature to explain the real short run effects of monetary policy that is, heterogeneous information among agents (Phelps, 1970; Lucas, 1972), and wage or price rigidities (Taylor, 1980; Calvo, 1983). We then analyze our issue in this new framework by considering the interaction between the degree of price stickiness, and the degree of strategic complementarities in firms’ price setting. Our results show that adopting an inflation targeting regime crucially depends on the relative importance of the model’s parameters. In particular, we show that inflation targeting should always be adopted when strategic complementarities are low, while in the opposite case, it is optimal only if prices are sticky enough and the central bank holds sufficiently accurate information on the fundamentals of the economy. In the second essay, we use experimental macroeconomics to evaluate to what extent communication of the inflation target is relevant in an inflation targeting framework. Our results show that first, when the central bank only cares about inflation stabilization, announcing the inflation target does not make a difference in terms of macroeconomic performance compared to a standard active monetary policy. However, if the central bank also cares about the stabilization of the economic activity, communicating the target helps to reduce the volatility of inflation, interest rate, and output gap although their average levels are not affected. This finding provides a rationale for the adoption of flexible inflation targeting by the majority of inflation targeting countries. In the third essay, using a cross-sectional analysis and instrumental variables technique, we analyze the impact of central bank transparency on macroeconomic outcomes in emerging economies. We build a new index of transparency that combines some aspects of the overall Eijffinger and Geraats (2006) transparency index, with those of monetary policy committee transparency developed in Hayo and Mazhar (2011). We then analyze the individual role of each component of the new index in mitigating inflation and its volatility, as well as output volatility. By contrast to the previous literature, we interestingly find that the overall new index of transparency as well as its political, economic, procedural, and policy aspects negatively impact the average level of inflation, but not its volatility in these countries. The unique component of the new index that reduces the volatility of both inflation and output is operational transparency, and these results are robust to different econometric and instruments setting specifications
Tahir, Muhammad Naveed. "Essays on Inflation Dynamics and Monetary Policy in a Globalized World." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO22025/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to analyze the impact of globalization on the dynamics of inflation and monetary policy in a globalized world. It consists of three essays.In the first essay we investigate the impact of financial globalization on the behaviour of inflation targeting emerging market economies with respect to exchange rate – Do central banks respond to exchange rate movements or not? We use quarterly data for six emerging market inflation targeting economies from the date of their inflation targeting adoption to 2009 Q4. The chapter uses small open economy new Keynesian model à la Gali and Monacelli (2005), and employs multi-equation GMM technique to investigate the relationship. We find that the response of central bank to the exchange rate in case of Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Thailand is statistically significant while insignificant for Korea and Czech Republic. Theoretically, it should not be so as even under flexible inflation targeting central bank responds to inflation deviation and output gap; we think that the peculiar characteristics of emerging markets, like fear of floating, weak financial system and low level of central bank credibility make exchange rate important for these economies. In the second essay we investigate empirically the relative importance of monetary transmission channels for Brazil, Chile and Korea. This chapter uses monthly data from the inception of inflation targeting regime to 2009 M12. We use a SVAR model incorporating the main monetary transmission channels combined together instead of individual channels in isolation. The empirical results indicate that the exchange rate channel and the share price channel have higher relative importance than the traditional interest rate and credit channel for industrial production. The results are not much different in case of inflation, except for Korea. The high ranking of exchange rate and share price channel is in line with the results by Gudmundsson (2007), which finds that exchange rate channel might have overburdened in the wake of financial globalization.In the third chapter we investigate empirically the role of openness – real and financial – on the inflation dynamics of Brazil, Chile and Korea. The chapter uses monthly data from the inception of inflation targeting regime to the end month of 2009. In this chapter we employ the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique. We use imports to GDP ratio as an indicator for real openness whereas Chinn and Ito index (KAOPEN) and total assets plus total liabilities to GDP ratio form the data set of Lane and Milesi-Ferretti are two proxies for financial openness. The chapter concludes that there exists, generally, a positive relationship between real openness and inflation. However, in case of financial globalization the results are inconclusive as they are sensitive to measurement method of financial globalization
Le, Gouz de Saint-Seine Sylviane. "La Banque d'Angleterre : la route erratique vers l'indépendance (1977-2007)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA005.
Full textCentral bank independence, a leading theme among economists and macro-economic executives during the last quarter of the 20th century, was slow to materialize in the U.K.: only in 1997 was the Bank of England, one of the world's oldest and most prestigious central banks, granted the right to set monetary policy without interference from the government. The genesis of this reform gives a precious insight into the British political and economic system, its transformations and the foreign influences that brought them along: The U.S. played a key role in that process. The BoE independence embodies the demise of the macro-economic consensus that reigned supreme in Keynes' motherland since the end of World War II: it sealed a change in economic priorities that made inflation the No1 enemy. This required an aggiornamento within leading political parties, whether Conservative or Labour. The other obstacle on the way to an independent Bank of England was institutional, as such a reform clashed with the supremacy of the Westminster Parliament. New Labour, which set the Bank of England free, displayed much skill in clearing that hurdle, while making that reform the symbol of its new economic credibility
Essaadi, Essahbi. "Integration and interdependency : identification of the ruptures in the case of East-Asian countries." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO22022.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the feasibility of a monetary union in East Asia in a dynamic view and employ the appropriate tools which are close to the specific way of the regional economy trajectory in the region. Starting from OCA literature, we test four main criteria in four separate chapter. In the first chapter, we present a stylized fact for different regional financial arrangement. Following existence literature, we test dynamic of financial integration through stock market index interdependence proxy. The second Chapter presents long term perspective of exchange rate in East Asia with a recommendation of Inflation Targeting policy as a common regional monetary policy. The adoption of such policy insures an internal equilibrium and maintains stability of competitiveness through the stability of exchange rate. We investigate in the third Chapter business cycles synchronization in East Asia. A new measure of business cycle synchronization based on spectral analysis has been introduced. Our empirical methodology reinforces previous chapter finds of a clear economic integration in the region for the last decade. The last Chapter thoroughly investigates the reaction of an external shock and a monetary shock at different period for some East Asia economies
Lunven, Sandrine. "Determinants and transmission of monetary policy in China." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM2016/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to enhance the understanding of the determinants and the transmission mechanisms of monetary policy in China over the last two decades. It contributes to the literature providing two new composite measures of monetary policy in China based on alternative approaches, one combining the large range of monetary policy instruments and the other based on central bank speeches. Both prove to be essential to take into account the complex and adaptive behavior of the People’s Bank of China (PBC). Our instrument-based monetary policy index emphasizes substantial changes in policy style towards smoother but more hawkish policy moves from 2002 onwards, consistent with the start of the mandate of Governor Zhou Xiaochuan, the interest rate liberalization process and the increasing trade and financial opening. Moreover, the estimation of a discrete-choice model implies a conduct of monetary policy characterized by an inflation-accommodating policy before 2002 and an implicit inflation targeting from 2002 onwards, which respectively resembles that of pre-1979 and post-1979 policy of the G3. Our thesis examines the deformation of the bond yield curve over the last decade to evaluate monetary policy transmission mechanisms. While regulated interest rates can hamper the use of the yield curve as benchmark for pricing risk, the latter moves in line with the other instruments, the macroeconomic situation, and increasingly to central bank communication, a crucial step toward a market oriented system. Finally, US monetary policy significantly affects monetary policy determinants and transmission mechanisms in China, particularly from its WTO accession in 2001
Grand, Nathalie. "Zones-cibles de change et cible d'inflation : les cas de la Suède et de la Finlande." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX24014.
Full textGazeaud, Jules. "Three Essays on Social Safety Nets in Developing Countries." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAD021.
Full textThis thesis provides three empirical essays on the design and evaluation of social safety nets. Chapter 1 adds to the literature on the performances of targeting methods in general and Proxy Means Testing in particular. Using a unique survey experiment conducted in Tanzania, it investigates whether and to what degree Proxy Means Testing targeting performances are biased when household consumption data are subject to non-random errors. The results indicate that Proxy Means Testing performances are quite vulnerable to non-random errors when the objective is to target absolutely poor households, but remain largely unaffected when the objective is to target a fixed share of the population. Chapter 2 studies the impact on migration of a cash-for-work program in Comoros that randomly offered poor households cash transfers in exchange for their participation in public works projects. Using first-hand data, this chapter shows that the program increased migration to Mayotte – the neighboring and richer French Island. Between 2016 and 2018, treated households received up to USD320 in cash and, as a result, were three percentage points more likely to have a household member migrating to Mayotte (a statistically significant 38 percent increase relative to the control group). This result appears to be driven by the alleviation of liquidity and risk constraints to migration. Chapter 3 explores the productive effects of cash-for-work programs in the context of the Productive Safety Net Project in Ethiopia. With more than 8 million beneficiaries, the Productive Safety Net Project is among the largest safety net programs in Africa. It is also often considered as Africa’s largest climate change adaptation program due to its focus on activities such as land improvements and soil and water conservation measures. This chapter relies on satellite and geo-referenced data to evaluate the effects of these activities and overcome the lack of household data. Difference-in-differences estimates covering whole Ethiopia over the 2000-2013 period show no evidence to support that public works had measurable impacts on agricultural productivity and resilience to climate shocks
Arizala, Escamilla Francisco. "Characterizing Fiscal and Monetary Policies : the Role of Macroeconomic Fundamentals and the Economic Cycle." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA103.
Full textOne of the most fundamental questions in economics is what should be the role of economic authorities in addressing fluctuations in economic activity. This dissertation, organized in three chapters, analyses how economic policies can be characterized across economic structures and along the business cycle. In particular, the first part of the dissertation focuses on fiscal policy and addresses the question of how different structural characteristics across countries affect the effectiveness of fiscal policy. The second part analyses the conduct of monetary policy in inflation targeting countries and how it has been affected by the unprecedented expansionary monetary policies implemented by advanced economies since the recent global financial and economic crisis. The chapter highlights the role of domestic and external factors affecting the determination of monetary policy. Given that fiscal and monetary policies are the two most important tools available for policymakers in terms of macroeconomic management, the third chapter of the dissertation analyses the theoretical grounds for these policies to be used in a countercyclical manner, and studies how in practice these policies have responded to economic fluctuations in Latin America over the last two decades. In particular the chapter analyses the degree to which fiscal and monetary policies reinforce or counterbalance fluctuations in economic activity, i.e. whether these policies have been procyclical or countercyclical, and discusses the role of economic institutions
Dukuze, Muziranenge Marie-Aline Brigitte. "Exploration des facteurs qui influencent la mise en œuvre de la méthode HEA pour la sélection des ménages bénéficiaires des programmes de filets sociaux au Mali." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23583.
Full textAround the world, the identification of people or households benefiting from social interventions remains a challenge. In countries where the majority of the population works in the informal sector, lives on subsistence agriculture and/or lives below the poverty line, targeting people who have to benefit from an intervention requires methods that are different from income verification and from the classification of poverty on a monetary basis. In 2014, an experimental project entitled Cadre commun des filets sociaux au Nord Mali (CCFS) was implemented in Mali. The objective of this project is to identify the populations who suffer from food and nutritional insecurity and provide them with assistance (cash transfers, food assistance and prevention of malnutrition for pregnant women and children), particularly during pastoral and agricultural lean periods. The Household Economy Approach (HEA) targeting method is one of the methods used to select beneficiary households for cash transfers in Northern Mali. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors and the context that influence the implementation of the HEA method. Two villages in an agricultural commune and two fractional sites in a pastoral commune were chosen as sites. Interviews (48 interviews (12 carried out by the student and 36 by research NGOs)) and a collection of 15 documents were conducted. Using the 23 factors in the Durlak and Dupré Implementation Analysis Framework (2008), a thematic analysis was conducted using the software © QDA Miner. The results show that the identification of households receiving cash transfers in Northern Mali is mainly based on geographical and community targeting. The factors that influence the targeting process are related to the low knowledge of the HEA method, to the weariness and low motivation of the people involved, to top down management and lack of transparency in the decision-making processes at the level of organizational structures, to the logic of domination and power relations within communities, and finally to the issues of funding and hegemonic relationships in the world of humanitarian aid and development cooperation. The difficult multisectoral coordination of social protection actors comes to support the need for new research on the establishment of a household registration system in Mali.