Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cicéron – Critique et interprétation'
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Lepetit, Marie-Laure. "La parole polémique chez Cicéron : histoire d'une vie." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040013.
Full textThe Antiquity knew the concept of polemic : if Rome allows, under some very well established circumstances insolent and unrestrained words, the law doesn't allow to commit either verbal or written personnal attacks. Nevertheless, although polemic maintains strong connection with oratorical art, it is not represented in any antique rhetoric treaty, it is a never agreed gender, with never fixed rules, as if the Ancients were ignoring or willing to ignore it. The stylistic studies of various Cicero's texts, political discourses and advocate's pleas, philosophical treaties and the intimate letters to friends and family, allowed us to highlight the originality of the polemic discourse compared to blame or invective. So could we achieve a rhetorical definition of polemic. Three main characteristics have been identified. Polemic is in constant metamorphosis, so there is not one type of polemical discourse but various polemical situations. Moreover, this complexity creates a monstruous character which prevents to settle inside the antique rhetoric system and obliges to always escape. This why the polemical discourse is not linked to the rhetoric of evidence but to a rhetoric of the implicit, of twilight
Giorgio, Jean-Pierre de. "Recherches sur l'écriture autobiographique au Ier siècle av. J. -C. : autour de la Correspondance de Cicéron." Lille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL30009.
Full textWe tried in this work to deal with the problem of the expression of the self, in a period where lots of new experiences of personal writings were explored, even if autobiography did obviously not exist with its modern meaning. In the first part, we define the letter as a genre, examining its specific enonciative features. The second part tackles the problem of the political narration in the letters, in order to understand how and on which purpose the privatus and the familiaris show the public man. The third part tries to understand what kind of relationship an individual of this period can have with himself : as a matter of fact, writing letters is a way of trying to know one-self and seeking a kind of freedom in a period where this term, - we are at the end of the Republic -, has acquired new significations
Weisser, Sharon. "Eradication ou modération des passions ? : Le débat entre Péripatéticiens et Stoïciens à l'époque hellénistique et romaine." Paris, EPHE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EPHE5014.
Full textThe dissertation deals with the history of the controversy concerning the passions between the Stoic notion of eradication of the passions and the Peripatetic notion of moderation of the passions. While it is recognized that this polemic played an important role in ancient philosophy, to date no attempt has been made to conduct an in-depth study devoted to tracing the contours of its evolution. This study is written from the perspective of intellectual history, and therefore, diachronic analysis of the sources is accorded preference over synchronic analysis. The aim is to attempt to analyze the dynamics and contents of the polemic in its various stages: thus not only to understand each school's notion of passion (pathos) and the argumentation underpinning it, but also to trace the historical evolution of the controversy. In addition to an attempt to understand the conceptual framework of the controversy, this study is articulated around three main goals : 1. To explain how at each given period the controversy intersected with other philosophical questions; 2. To shed light on the polemical mechanisms at work in the debate; and 3. To identify how philosophical identity was variously constructed through ethical debate
Colot, Blandine. "Pietas dans la transformation religieuse du IVe siècle. L'apport de Lactance, le Cicéron chrétien." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040222.
Full textThis thesis results of a study on the semantism of the word Latin pietas in the fourth century, which began when Constantin legitimated the Christianity. This notion designed in pagan culture the disposition to respect his duties towards parents, fatherland (then, emperor), and gods. In the Christian language pietas designs cultus dei, and the other senses have place in a secondary ground. This evolution is historically effected with Augustine, but in fact, the process of this evolution begins with Lactance, the author of the institutiones diuinae, who tries to "legitimate" the Christian use of Latin. The apologist questions the thought of Cicero, and also of his contemporaneous about Ius naturale, religio. Indeed, questions of right are questions of religion in rom. Pietas is in the found of the Lactantius' reflexion: this notion contents a "familial" logic, which shall guarantee, for the apologist, justice among the "human family". These "rational" arguments of Lactance were strong towards the pagans. So, while the church was legitimated, Lactance organised the new "semantic field" of pietas: humanitas, misericordia, justitia and caritas. The Christian evolution of semantism of pietas shall be achieved with Ambrosius, Hieronymus and Augustine
Ruzzetti-Rocca, Stefania. "L'art de l'orateur dans la première Catilinaire de Cicéron : essai d'analyse pragmatique : thèse." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE2003.
Full textLefort, Catherine. "Les Soliloques d’Augustin. Introduction, texte critique, traduction et notes complémentaires." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040055.
Full textAugustine’s Soliloquies, a philosophical dialogue, were written in 386-387, straight after the author’s conversion to Christianity. The aim of this dialogue is to reach a firm knowledge of what soul and God are. The first, interpretative part of this doctoral work shows that, beyond the neo-platonician spirituality that deeply fills Augustine’s writings, this dialogue constitutes the inaugural meditation on the experience of conversion. Thus, such a perspective allows considering this dialogue as the first step of a continuous thought that will eventually lead to the Confessions ; it also allows analysing Augustine’s intellectual horizon in a newly oriented way that brings into light his philosophical sources ; lastly, it allows seeing how some intuitions, among the major ones of his thought, appeared in an almost definitively structured way as soon as 386. The second part of this doctoral work is dedicated to the study of manuscripts tradition of this early year dialogue, of which a new translation is being proposed, with a set of twenty-one complementary notes
Guard, Thomas. "Memoria renovata : les valeurs de mémoire chez Ciceron." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/guard_t.
Full textGariépy, Charles. "Au-deçà de la Cité de Dieu." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26910.
Full textThe City of God was written from a polemical perspective in opposition to the pagans. In 410 DC, the Fall of Rome led to the rise of a cultured elite in North Africa who were revivalist and admired the ancient polytheism. Against this nostalgic movement, which was mainly dependent on the Ancients, intellectually and in terms of the literature, Augustine attacked the newcomers’ literary basis. The City of God can be read in the negative, that is, in terms of the criticism Augustine develops of three chosen authors, Varro, Cicero and Sallust, who summarize and jointly represent the essence of classical culture. To both the pagans and the bishop of Hippo – their detractor –, Varro embodies the cutting edge of Roman-Hellenistic theology, while Sallust led the discipline of history to its perfection, and Cicero wrote the definitive works on the Republic – each promoting his own ideological structure, yet with the three areas forming a systemic whole. While praising his illustrious predecessors, Augustine levels a general criticism against them and it is on this criticism that our analyses will focus.
Goyet, Francis. "Rhétorique et littérature : le "lieu commun" à la Renaissance, "sive de grandiloquentia"." Paris 12, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA120007.
Full textThe words 'commpnplace"' and 'commonplaces' have a dozen meanings during the xvith and xviith centuries. We may consider three main meanings : i, the oratorical development of a great principle; ii, a collection organized by headings; iii, the more traditional 'loci', definition, description, etymology, etc. The first is by far the more important. It takes the two first sections (out of three) to analyse it. In the de inventione of cicero, the commpnplace or 'indignatio' is eloquence at its peak : for example, against parricide in general. It is par excellence the time for the movere, for the greatest emotion. Indignation gives irresistible violence or 'sublime' to the whole speech, thus giving it its internal coherence. During the xvith century, melanchthon is the thinker who gives full importance to the commonplaces. The german reformer sees them as the means to teach the doctrine. Hence all these loci communes, title which names first of all theological summae, against the catholics. Melanchthon blames the erasmian taste for compilations of all sorts, and he gives examples of what a methodical indexation (cf. Ramus) should be. 'commonplaces' comes to name any encyclopaedic compilations. In the process, the movere has been lost and replaced by the docere : by the teaching of 'truths' i. E of norms. A long analysis of the pro milome attempts to measure the strong and weak points of melanchthon's own approach
Piazza, Élisabeth. "La rhétorique chez Martianus Capella : Édition critique, traduction et commentaire du livre 5 des Noces de Philologie et de Mercure." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040189.
Full textMartianus Capella’s encyclopedic work, probably composed in the early 5th century A.D., forms an original transition between Ancient and Medieval conceptions of "liberal education". As wedding gifts given by Mercury to Philology, seven Sciences present their branch of knowledge in a divine assembly : this scientific programme aims at the ascension of the soul towards the divine and rational world. Rhetoric answers (and goes beyond) the traditional critics directed against oratory. She promises a presentation consistent with the status of science (disciplina) she shares with her six companions : her teaching builds a general art of persuasive argument. Our study defines the position of Book 5 in Martianus’ work and in the Ancient rhetorical traditions. Whereas the Late Latin rhetorical handbooks that have survived partake of the « standard » rhetorical teaching, Martianus’ Book 5 adopts (and adapts) the guidelines of the Cicero’s latest rhetorical works (especially De oratore) : the theory is designed to meet both "particular " questions, area of orators, and the "general" philosophical questions. This conception of rhetoric is not new : it relies on philosophical traditions of teaching rhetoric that were developed in Peripatetic and Academic settings. Martianus’ Book 5 is however the only Late Antique testimony that embraces these advanced prospects, and seeks to organise them in a systematic form. As the science of persuasive speech, Rhetoric plays an essential role in Martianus’ project, and constitutes an important step before the higher principle represented by Harmony
Guérin, Charles. "L'élaboration de la notion rhétorique de "persona" au Ier siècle av. J. -C. : antécédents grecs et enjeux cicéroniens." Paris 12, 2006. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002535200204611&vid=upec.
Full textThis thesis intends to study the theoretical means by which the Latin rhetoric of the first century BCE has understood the ethical aspect of rhetorical performances and has progressively built a category suited to the peculiarities of the late Roman republic : the notion of persona, which, in its rhetorical meaning, corresponds to the merits mentioned by the orator in his own speech and to the ethos he conveys through his argumentation, style, voice and gestures. This work seeks to demonstrate that the notion of persona is no strict equivalent of the Greek notion of h\qo". It emphasizes therefore how historical and ideological contexts must be taken into account when rhetorical theory tries to deal with oratorical ethos. The first part of this study uses the Athenian theory of h\qo" and its political value as a reference in order to give the notion of persona its particular rhetorical meaning. It then becomes possible to study how this notion slowly emerges, detaches itself from Greek rhetorical tradition and takes into account the symbolical, ideological and practical realities of the Roman aristocratic environment in the anonymous Rhetorica ad Herennium and Cicero’s De inuentione. The last part of this study analyzes how Cicero gives a true theoretical status to the notion of persona in his mature works and uses it for philosophical and rhetorical purposes that are wider than they were in the first Latin rhetorical texts
Dalsasso, Paola. "Dal teatro al foro : tragedia, commedia e mimo nell orazioni di Cicerone anteriori alla pretura." Thesis, Lille 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL30020.
Full textMy study focuses on the analysis of Cicero’s early speeches, from the beginning of his forensic career until 68 BC, when he reached the rank of praetor: Pro Quinctio; Pro Roscio Amerino; Pro Roscio comoedo; the seven orations In Verrem; Pro Fonteio; Pro Caecina. My work encouraged further significant contributions to the interpretation of the speeches examined, thus confirming the effectiveness of a critical approach which recognizes the crucial influence of theatre on Cicero’s oratory. Indeed, he made reference to theatre for the purposes of rhetorical persuasion by means of different strategies: explicit or allusive references to famous characters belonging to the world of theatre and, in particular, comedy; quotations from dramatic texts (even allusively); use of metaphors and images drawn from the stage. Furthermore, in the light of this overall view, this connection resulted to be often associated with a depreciating intent, i.e., by developing a rhetorical strategy aimed at attacking the opponent by means of such theatrical references. Consistently with the results of my analysis of Cicero’s rhetorical works and letters, we may identify a unifying and distinctive feature in the theatrical references within the genre of oratory, at least as regards the early Ciceronian speeches: the idea that the world of theatre belongs to literary fiction (fabulae, ineptiae, nugae) within a dimension other than that of reality. Conversely, the connection with reality and truth is a statutory feature of oratory. Therefore, the transition of such subjects from the theatre to the forum requires an adaption to the oratorical context
Langlois-Pézeret, Catherine, and Étienne Dolet. "Étienne Dolet ou la couronne d’Hercule : édition, traduction et étude littéraire des Carmina (1538)." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040057.
Full textEtienne Dolet (1508-1546), renowned for his tragic death on the stake, is also an intellectual and a Neo-Latin poet. After his famous Commentarii linguae latinae, he published a collection of epigrams entitled Carmina in 1538, which are event poems about various subjects. Follower of a minor genre and of a flexible metric, Dolet does not forget, as a civic humanist, to give to his pen a political, avenging or moralizing mission. Ciceronianist, he reveals free in the field of the imitation and in his treatment of the epigram, which oscillates between tradition and innovation. His poems, as well as two later collections, Genethliacum Claudii Doleti (1539) and Francisci Valesii Gallorum Regis Fata (1539), reflect the attraction of their author for various philosophic spheres of influence but especially seem to testify of the influence of the free thinker Pomponazzi
Yang, Jiayan. "Leo Strauss et l'historicisme : critique, interprétation et dépassement." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL068.
Full textIn the field of political philosophy, the name of Leo Strauss (1899-1973) is associated with an attempt to rehabilitate a type of questioning as old as philosophy itself. Criticism of modern types of knowledge, Strauss considers, first of all, that historicism is a threatening spirit of our time, but it is also the “ most serious adversary ” of political philosophy : all norms are reduced to a historical contigent fact which could arrive any point of assuming any force of obligation and legitimacy, that’s how philosophy finds itself in history itself, which has become History. How dœs Strauss interpret historicism, if this term dœs not know a unanimity ? With a genealogical investigation of modernity to study its genesis and crisis, in the Straussian light, we can see that Strauss, going back to Machiavelli and Hobbes who had already begun to prepare the way of the historicism, seeks to define a new historicism that develops in the historical school of the nineteenth century, and reaches its peak in a radical form represented by Nietzsche and Heidegger. In Strauss’s reconstruction of historicism, we show that he proposes a return to the Ancients as a means of going beyond historicism towards the ahistorical, going towards the transcendence that the humain beings can attain by their nature : the intransigence of the dignity of substantialist philosophy can resist such a historicism based on the belief in the idea of progress
Duclos, Alexandre. "Cosmopolitisme : critique du possible." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070025.
Full textThe subject of this doctorate is strictly speaking a criticism of the aristocratic reason in the cosmopolitique field, it is - to say the criticism of a reason who gives the right as and as duty to substitute itself for the sociogenèse of the political cultures to supply a political culture adapted to the globalization and to its risks. To lead (drive) such a company, it is naturally advisable of to produce a first criticism of the literature, in particular the theories of Hans Jonas, Jean-Pierre Dupuy, Ulrich Beck, Jürgen Habermas but beyond an elaborate criticism, this work tries essentially to recognize and to exceed (overtake) the contradictions of the aristocratic reason by proposing the foundations of an intuitive political science
Nordmann, Jean-Thomas. "Taine et la critique scientifique." Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040307.
Full textAwazi, Mbambi Kungua Benoît. "Donation, saturation et compréhension." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040087.
Full textIn response to the question of the status of hermeneutics (philosophical interpretation) within a phenomenological scheme(system) of pure givenness [J. -L. Marion], two complementary and exemplary strategies of articulation between phenomenology and hermeneutics will be examined. It concerns the direct strategy of M. Heidegger in the ontology of the finite understanding of the Dasein and the indirect strategy of P. Ricoeur in the shattered ontology of the weakened Cogito. With regard to the first individual [M. Heidegger] the phenomenon par excellence is the withdrawal of the Being from the Dasein whichs remains in the dissimulation. The task of hermeneutics is to uveil phenomenologically the original layers of the Being of the Dasein. In the second case [ P. Ricoeur], the task of hermeneutics is to reach the identity (Ipseity) of the weakened Cogito by the interpretation of the signs and texts of its traditions and cultures. The weakened Cogito is the result of a deconstruction of transcendantal Ego which arises in existence through thought. Access to the identity (Ipseity) from the weakened Cogito can only occur indirectly through the interpretation of the signs and texts, in view of a good action, in fair institutions. The question concerning the relationship between phenomenology and hermeneutics in M. Heidegger and P. Ricoeur, will give us a certain number of parameters, criteria, rules, in order to explain the specificity of hermeneutics in the phenomenological scheme of pure givenness or of reduction to the pure form of appeal [J. -L. Marion]. If comprehension occupies a primordial place in the hermeneutic phenomenology of M. Heidegger and P. Ricoeur, then what is the status of the comprehension in the paradigm of the saturated phenomenon [J. -L. Marion] ?
Faye, Jean-Pierre. "Nietzsche et la critique du socialisme." Lyon 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO3A002.
Full textCosma, Olivier. "Recherches sur le grand style dans les discours de Cicéron." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO31018.
Full textFallah, Nejad Mohammad Reza. "Roland Barthes et la critique de Proust." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040072.
Full textIn this study, we examine the bases of a “ new ” barthesian literature inspired by the Recherche. In the first part of the study, by looking at the Proust's masterpiece, we try to find out the art works, paintings and the musical pieces which have been used to produce a new artistic world. In the second part, we review the fictional aspects of Proust and Barhes's writings. We see how Roland Barthes defines the Recherche as a third-form of writing between the essay and the novel, reaveling the desire behind the Proust writing. Barthes considered the literature as a constant revolution in language. He wanted to create a “ new ” sort of novel, simple, filial and desirble which resurrects the french language
Martin, Thierry. "Probabilités et critique philosophique selon Cournot." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0003.
Full textThe thesis aims to study the link between cournot's idea of probabilities and his philosophy cognition to emphathize their reciporcal influence. Cournot's philosophical reflection on the mathematical theory of probabilities shows a double distinction between objective and subjective probilities on the one hand, mathematical and philosophical probabilities on the other hand. Thus cournot's approach leads to give the calculus of probabilities the status of a pure mathematical theory and to establish the apprehension of reality on a probabilistic ground, where cournot's originality lies regarding the history of the calmculus of probabilities as much as the philosophy of science. The thesis first analyses the theoreticaland historical conditions of cournot's interpretation of probalilities, meaning the kind of connections between philosophy and the calculus of probabilities, then the hisotory of the calculus of probabilities in its classical period, and then its connection to the peneralized combinatory cournot calls "syntactic". That leads to a study of cournot's probabilistic doctrine, examining the problems his objectivistic theory of chance brings forward, the wary he grants the mathematical probability objective value, then and consequently the nature and reach of the applications of the calculus of probabilities and statistics. The third part of the thesis completes the previous analysis, examining its connection to cournot's philosophy of cognition ; it investigates the nature of philosophical probabilities and their relations to the distinction between rational order and logical order, the relation between mathematics and reality, the nature of induction, finality and their connections to the chance theory
Schefer, Olivier. "Novalis et le projet encyclopédique." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100096.
Full textPark, Ki-Soon. "L'historicité de l'être et la politique du signe : recherches sur les implications ontologiques, épistémologiques et politiques du concept d'historia chez Spinoza." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040009.
Full textThe aim of this work is to shed a new light on an important, jet unexplored aspect of spinozism: the spinozist concept of historicity. In the 7th chapter of the Tractatus theologico-politicus, Spinoza proposes historia as a method of inquiry into nature, which consists in collecting facts in order to find the appropriate definition of things. The question we ask about historia is: if the deductive and genetical approach of Spinoza's geometrical method relies on the power of understanding, on which power is based the historical and genetical approach of historia? Our research shows that it is on the power of images that last by virtue of the multitude of their causes. It is this power of duration that constitutes the principle of stability or equilibrium of the individual which characterize Spinoza's conception of being. And this power of duration is also able to show the mechanism of the formation of universals. But Spinoza's metaphysics of stability ― not of solidity ― supposes that equilibrium sustains itself through singular variations. Consequently, history as the flow of things appears as a process where universals and singulars, solidity and fluidity, stability and variation, continuity and rupture act together. Language as an infinite power is a perfect instance of this way they are acting together
Nguyen, Thi Tu Huy. "Vérité et interprétation chez Alain Robbe-Grillet." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070098.
Full textDeveloped from RobleGrillet's obsession with truth and authenticity, I am trying to reconstruct hi idea of conflict, and to identify the logic of contradiction which links negation to affirmation in a System of "no". This System has a philosophical dimension of which the author is well aware. He makes his literary space a forum, a place where one can harmonize literary and philosophical ideas, a place where voices and thoughts cross, and a place of discordant ideas can meet with repeated ideas, Sometimes, he also discussed his work on literary questions raised by philosophy. Ail this invites us to think about a number of current issues raised by the so-called "human and social sciences" and to wonder about the relationship between literature and philosophy, between creation and reception, between abstraction and imagination, between logic and sensitivity, about the interpretation, about the understanding, about the meaning, about the collapse of contemporary identity, and finally about the degeneration of subjective and representative structures. Robbe-Grillet's literary thought is inseparable from thinking writing: a writing that oscillates between negation and affirmation, which, instead of analyzing and giving the answers, plunges into questioning and interrogation - this does not exclude a sensitive and carnal character. Interrogational writing has the task of putting the reader's mind in an active and dynamic state. Thus, this writing arouses a new relationship between the reader and the text. Such an understanding of the idea of "no" is as a matter of fact a sine qua non condition for human freedom
Montémont, Véronique. "L'obscur et l'éclat : rénovations de la création poétique dans l'œuvre de Jacques Garelli, Lorand Gaspar et Jacques Roubaud." Nancy 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN21005.
Full textThe dark and the bright or how Jacques Garelli, Lorand Gaspar and Jacques Roubaud have injected new life into poetic creation. The purpose of this thesis - based on the study of the works of three contemporary poets - is to analyse the main stages of the metamorphoses undergone by poetry since one century. This literary genre has actually been so completly recast and its tradition so violently rejected that its durability might have been endangered. Jacques Garelli, Lorand Gaspar and Jacques Roubaud, all three involved in original and consistent poetic projects, demonstrate that it is possible to regenerate a creation as regards both poetic forms and contents : their works, which are elaborated beyond the aesthetic rules of representation
Ruguduka, Baleke Stanislas. "Vérité et existence dans la philosophie française contemporaine selon Gabriel Marcel, Louis Lavelle et Jacques Maritain." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2009_out_ruguduka_s.pdf.
Full textContemporary philosophy has demonstrated that the understanding of the idea of truth ought not to be limited any more to a purely intellectual process, but it should encompass the very essence of the subject. This implies taking into account the immediate and distant environment, its historical context and its contingency as a complete being, as opposed to modern systems, which seemed to give the illusion of understanding truth and possessing it. We think that any research requires of the philosopher that he defines the basis of the truth of his own existence. This is what Gabriel Marcel, Louis Lavelle and Jacques Maritain sought to do. Our times have the benefit of the reflection of these philosophers, who in their approach adopted an honest and authentic view based on the humility of the philosopher faced with the complexity of reality. This has led to a redefining of this concept - the fruit of an objective speculation using reason- but an answer to the call of the Absolute, the Unknowable, and Transcendental so that henceforth any discourse must broach upon a social engagement in a sincere communication between men. To bring about a climate of dialogue, love and hope where each individual welcomes the other as different from himself. Having limited our research into the universe of the French philosophers quoted above, this thesis is presented as an attempt to define the problem involved in the concept of truth today , postulating the existential experience as a basic perquisite
Confortin, Rogério de Souza. "Théâtralité et gestualité chez Clarice Lispector et Maurice Blanchot." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070090.
Full textThe thesis brings a critical and theoretical look on two essential conceptual concerns of this research in literary theory. The theoretical line that explores this epistemic territory which surrounds Maurice Blanchot's critical and theoretical gesture, of which exert a unique potential of reading in contemporary theoretical literature, mainly French, and seeks it's filiation in others. The critical line, eventually, operates conceptually, through the critical term epreuve and machinic theatrality of literature, a reading experience with post-structuralism basis of Clarice Lispector's A paixâo Segundo G. H. And Maurice Blanchot's Thomas l'Obscur, texts that act as a thoughtful literature in their narrative voices. Both the theoretical and critical lines exist in an entanglement that tries to promote a reading situation that we bond with the image of a theatrical gesture that metaphorizes in a machinic way (relative of the literary writing as a self experience of the desire of subjectivity) the experience of literary writing like the epreuve of an aesthetics situation beyond the structurally semiotic work. Body writer and corpus fiction operate, at the basis of the image of their intersection, the desire of the critics in interfering in the paradoxical process, volatile and trans-subjective in which a sovereign narrative voice and many times fragmented promotes and alludes movements that signalize as much a gestuality of the writing as a theatricality of the body effects that start from scenes and from the poetic complexity, agonic and philosophical which performs (itself) embodies from the fictional reports mentioned above
Lebold, Christophe. "Ecritures, masques et voix : pour une poétique des chansons de Leonard Cohen et Bob Dylan." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR20084.
Full textThis dissertation aims at assessing the specificity of the literary pleasures derived from the songs of Bob Dylan and Leonard Cohen. Their art can be defined as the locus of three overlapping writing activities : inherently poetical texts are performed and rhythmically re-written by the performer's voice, while the songs are used by both artists to « write themselves » through the creation of numerous and competing personae. Close reading of the lyrics must therefore be supplemented by a « poetics of the voice » and a detailed analysis of the theatrics of their games of masks. While the stylistic approach to the lyrics reveals a thrust towards writerly openness and blends oral traditions and high poetry into original poetic idioms, the aesthetic and semantic uses of the artists' voices are just as elaborate. Therefore, the voices will be approached, in turn, as objects of pleasure, as instruments of writing and as complex signs used for pathos and self-parody or to inscribe a world-view at the sonic surface of the songs. Drawing on highly conceptualised notions (persona, posture/imposture and doublure…), the study of the artists' various masks will isolate the mechanisms that allows them to perpetually construct and deconstruct their public image. These personal palimpsest of identities which constitutes the heart of their work fuel the songs' strong tonal ambiguity, merging confession and mystification, lyricism and irony. After thus establishing a specific poetics for the songwriters' work, we will be brought to re-assess the literary impact of popular songs. In the process, however, the cultural weight of the high/low distinction and the ambiguous cultural status of both artists will have to be kept in mind, Dylan and Cohen being — respectively — a stowaway in and a deserter of high culture
Ioakimidou, Lito. "Mythe et roman dans la première moitié du XXe siècle : formes et techniques de l'émergence." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040169.
Full textChauvin, Cédric. "Statuts et fonctions de la référence épique en France depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale." Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20088.
Full textProperly speaking, epics have not been written in France for two centuries, but the genre continues to influence contemporary literature. In particular, the “double image” of the epic as the Romantic thinkers construed it still informs both the reinterpretation of classical epics and the contemporary novel. On the one hand, it legitimizes the present by condemning the epic to the past, but without ceasing to perpetrate it as a universal monument. The works of numerous philologists such as Georges Dumézil or Madeleine Biardeau bear witness to this disparity. For their part, translators of epic literature such as Philippe Jaccottet or Pierre Klossowski criticize in diverse ways the philological paradigm and its paradoxes. On the other hand, the romantics invented an epic register which tries to retain the essence of the epic as a genre, transferring it to the novel. However, the texts of Jean Giono, Julien Gracq and Claude Simon indicate that this “epic style” inherits the difficulties of the epic genre itself when it comes to the modern age, even calling into question the modern understanding of literature. Finally, modern adaptations seem to constitute an alternative to the modern paradigm of the epic. However, in France they are often limited to simple rewriting and thus remain faithful to the idealized conception of the epic as a universal utterance (Jean-Claude Carrière). As far as the genres of fantasy and “space opera” are concerned, their narrative rewriting of “the myth of the death of epic” serves their own aim of self-legitimization; their specificity is therefore constructed in the very terms of modern literature that they re-appropriate and put into question
Bignotto, de Souza Newton. "Liberte et action : machiavel critique de l'humanisme civique florentin." Paris, EHESS, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EHES0336.
Full textTra-Lou, Tesan Monique. "Mythe et fiction : Rudolph FISHER, Nella LARSEN et Toni MORRISON." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070031.
Full textThis study focuses on the styles of three African-American authors through six novels: Rudolph Fisher's "The Walls of Jericho" and "The Conjure Man Dies", Nella Larsen's "Quicksand" and "Passing", Toni Morrison's "Beloved" and "Paradise". Using the myth functioning, the analysis seeks to highlight the many layers of narratives which blend poetry and visual and performance arts techniques with the prose. The characters and the plots thus create the conditions for a quest of a more vivid performing story. This tend to be both a way of thinking and a creative movement. Bitterness and happiness which are the basic emotions in life remain a way to drive the discurse from prose to the stage, on painting, carving, music and poetry fields. African religious practices are thus adjusted to the American black diasporic world. .
Faulkner, Morgan. "Métatextualité et idée du romanesque dans les œuvres de Patrick Chamoiseau, Ken Bugul et Marie NDiaye." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25346.
Full textThis thesis examines metatextual practices in novels by Patrick Chamoiseau, Ken Bugul and Marie NDiaye. Among the great diversity of their works, a major constant is the reflection on writing and the novel. Why and how is a critical commentary expressed in the novels? What is its status in a work of fiction? What is at stake in these novels that observe their own functions and practices? These questions are answered through the analysis of novels containing a rich reflection on both society and literature. These authors from Martinique, Senegal and France bring the reader to reflect on the essence of fiction, the consequences of discourse and the social implications of their writing. The novel’s metatext therefore interrogates the complexity and the functioning of the work, as well as the principle aspects of what makes it literature. Furthermore, the critique of the novel and of the author’s gaze practiced in these texts contains precise and singular visions on the advantages of fiction in the analysis of society. The four chapters of this thesis are guided by theories on institutional sociology and discourse analysis. This methodological framework allows for the observation of the links between the novel’s socio-historical context and its discursive practices. While competing visions of the novel as a genre populate the Caribbean, African and French literary landscapes, the authors also develop an idea of the novel in their works of fiction. This research examines how the expression of an “idea of the novel” is made possible through self-reflexive practices. It also looks at the preponderance in the texts of generic hybridity, plurality (of discourses, types of knowledge and viewpoints), the opaque, ambivalence and a critical consciousness of the novel and its practices. This thesis demonstrates how, for Chamoiseau, Bugul et NDiaye, the novel’s story is inseparable from an inquiry into language, writing, the author, the referent and the literary world.
Lloze, Évelyne. "Poésie et humilité : approches de Reverdy, Bonnefoy, Jaccottet et Dupin." Lille 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL30013.
Full textAt a time when man is becoming aware of his incompleteness and of his lackings, when, is spite of all, he is still confronted by finitude and the unspeakable, some poetical voices are being raising, seeming to trace apath for man towards truth, striving to endow the world with a new meaning. Thus have we endeavoured to analyse some of the most indicative works of reverdy, bonnefoy, jaccottet and dupin from thematic, stylistic and philosophical viewpoints. The four of them, in their own way, as "ignorant" poets seeking a true "presence", favour the humility of saying little, of making understatements. These bare and scrupulous writings, abounding with attenuating procedures, doubts and questionnings, these writings which revert back to simplicity contain all the tones of demanding ethics, the tones of a new form of humanism which gathers enough stength in humility to at last consent to immanence and to celebrate the "hic et nunc"
Santos, Alckmar Luiz dos. "Le palindrome critique : Merleau-Ponty et Alberto Caeiro." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070067.
Full textThis thesis tries to establish a correspondence between theory and textual fact, to make both of them to appear at once, results of the only activity of knowledge. On the basis of Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology and Alberto Caeiro's poetry (an epithet used by the portuguese poet Fernando Pessoa), we try to develop literary analytical instruments, and to discuss an epistemology of literary criticism
Boudreault, Marie Laurence. "L'œuvre romanesque d'Ahmadou Kourouma et sa critique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18560.
Full textRaisin-Fabre, Andrée. "Edition critique des "Amours diverses" d'Antoine de Nervèze." Montpellier 3, 2009. http://www.biu-montpellier.fr/florabium/jsp/nnt.jsp?nnt=2009MON30061.
Full textDespite the interest, carried on for a few years over the baroque period, has made it possible to enrich our vision of the 17th century by discovering the splendour and the inventiveness of this movement - eclipsed too long by classicism - with regards to Literary Baroque, we must admit that many works remain to be discovered. It is thus the case of Antoine de Nervèze's work which still remains partially unknown. As for the man, after having known two decades of success, he disappeared little by little from the memories. He was indeed a prolific writer - his work was published or republished from 1597 to 1632. His novels, mostly romantic and sentimental novels, were published in a collected form entitled "Les Amours Diverses" (Various Love Affairs), which after having ensured him honours and fame, brought him the most virulent criticisms ever, his style being qualified as "pure gibberish" and "phoebus". Nevertheless, the review of these texts not only makes it possible to discover some interesting writing techniques, but also and especially, to analyse the personal approach of this noble man, a mundane per necessity, who was also an excessively heart devout person. Indeed his approach asserts itself more clearly in his other pious and moral novels which represent the major part of his work. One can recognize Antoine de Nervèze as the precursor of Preciosity, the devout Novel and the initiator of a moral conception of the nobility announcing that of "the honnête homme (honest man)"
Marsan, Eddy. "Etude comparative et critique de l'exigence de systeme chez lulle et descartes." Toulouse 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU20021.
Full textThe description of the work of lull and then of the cartesian system reveals that both are upheld by the desire for systematic architectronics. Lull , in the thirth century and descartes in the seventh century attempted to constitue a unique method which would enable the return to the various sciences. Even if descartes, who was familiar with the work of lull, denies any relation between his work and lull's great art, it should, however, be noted that he takes up the lullian idea of total knowledge. Indeed, the french philosopher joins the same neo-platonic filiation as lull and seems only to criticize lull's endeavour severely to dissimulate the relation with his own work. Lull and descartes break with an attitude of contemplation of nature and try to impose systematic knowledge. Lull and descartes do not go against catholic tradition. They lilit thelselves to transcribing the message of tradition in terms of the conquering thought of western christianity. The essential proximity which is revealed between contemporary logic and the lullian and cartesian systems is that of their autonomy. Basing their work on founding intuition and deliberately cutting themselves off reality appear as autonomous attempts: the person who conceives the system provides proof of it, but this proof may be without any value for someone who does no accept the initial postulat which is identified with the founding intuition
Sangouard-Berdeaux, Céline. "Pensée et écriture du sublime Breton, Bataille, Blanchot et Gracq (1924-1969)." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070011.
Full textDespite a deep and enduring disaffection in thought and artistic création from the end of the 19th century. The sublime, a category at the junction of rhetorics. Aesthetics and philosophy. Is used again by several art and literature thinkers in the last third of the 20th century (J. F. Lyotard. J. Derrida. J. L. Nancy, etc). At the extent of being sometimes presented as the privileged read mode of 20th century art. This thesis sets out to observe to which extent. Although the authors themselves don't claim to belong to an aesthetic of the sublime, the works of Breton. Bataille. Blanchot and Gracq come close to such aesthetic and meamvhile renew its meaning. Its stakes and its implications. This work First sets out to analyze in setting these works back in context. The political dimension of such aesthetic and to highlight the influence of the Terror as a myth of writing in the work s of Breton. Bataille, Blanchot. And to a lesser extent. Gracq. Subsequently. This study shows how these works. Influenced by new psvchoanalytic sciences and the development of anthropological and prehistoric knowledge proceed to a reversal of the traditional movement and values of the sublime and which are constructed as a quest for an original sublime situated on this side of Man even more than in any afterlife. The last two parts study the two types of aesthetics that emanate from this corpus: an aesthetic of the sublime \\hich is positive \\ith Breton and Gracq and negative with Bataille and Blanchot
Darrieussecq, Marie. "Moments critiques dans l'autobiographie contemporaine : l'ironie tragique et l'autofiction chez Serge Doubrovsky, Hervé Guibert, Michel Leiris et Georges Perec." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070070.
Full textThe books we study (Doubrovsky, Guibert, Leiris et Perec) are contemporary autobiographies. They are the stories of lives broken by individual crisis which are very often desasters. This crisis, in the center of each book, is characterized by the lexical field of the abyss, and also by interlocking structures around the gulf figur. We studied what announces the crisis in the text, and we codified, under the name of tragical irony, the rhetorics dealing with it; we also studied the literary functionning of the authors' personal superstitions. Our purpose was not to do a generic study; but we considered autofiction as a new way for contemporary autobiography, being a moment of crisis of this genre. The play on words is both what enables the autofictional writing, and what produces certain effects of the tragical irony. The irruption of the tragical in the individual life told on the first person threatens the classical strategies of autobiography, between the inexpressible and the silence of the desaster. We didn't force the texts in order to compare them, but we tried to mark out in each of them the critical moments that question autobiography at the end of this century
Tisserand-Simon, Corinne. "Structure et interprétation dans le théâtre de Samuel Beckett." Bordeaux 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR30043.
Full textMoukoko, Gobina. "Littérature et humanisme : André Malraux, Sembène Ousmane et le souci de l'homme." Paris 12, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA120044.
Full textThe guiding spirit of a. Malraux and sembene ousmane literary work leads to a pertinent illustration of humanism in our time : particular attention is given to all that could contribute to self-respect. History is the starting point of their thought process, a story in which they are also privileged narrators, for very often they were also actors. They also give us a testimony, for the most part, based on their own experience, and from which it appears that human condition is, on the whole, tragic. However, far from opening on to a final pessimism, such a statement, according to a. Malraux and sembene o, should make us react, if need be by force to promote mankind's happiness. Therefore mankind's dignity is every one's concern, no matter how important or unimportant he may be, be they heros or humble folk. However, a special responsibility is incombant on the artist, who should be above all mankind's bard, who should deeply instil in us the cult of human dignity. This suppose, on the artist part, and for himself, putting into practice a functional "pedagogy"
Neppi, Enzo. "L' écriture autobiographique : étude sur Sartre : le corps et le discours maternels dans l'écriture autobiographique de Sartre." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100062.
Full textThe author suggests to read the philosophy of Sartre as an autobiographical reconstruction of the subject's history. In order to prove the fruitfulness of this assumption, a systematical study of mother-child relation in sartrean writings is undertaken. The first part of the thesis focuses on immanence. In the "golden age", the child lived in his mother's womb. Later, the structural unity of the maternal figure was shattered, such ontological divisions as being and nothing, facticity and transcendance appeared and the subject was doomed to bad faith. However, such a splitting may be overcome: within the framework of an authentic loving relationship a valuable coordination of organism and praxis, effort and pleasure becomes possible. In the second part of the thesis, verbal relations and the transcendance are stressed. The problem of the constitution of an independant subject is discussed. The good mother invites her child to freedom and encourages him to transcend his primitive passivity. On the other hand, the bad mother stifles child's efforts toward communication and language. The result of this situation is misunderstanding: the mother does not guess her child's desires, and the child is unable to meet his mother's requirements. It seems then that human relationships are doomed to failure and helplessness. A positive issue is nonetheless possible if the subject turns failure into success by an "heroic" entreprise making at last possible the son's identification to his father. The author comes therefore to the conclusion that the sartrean philosophical discourse is structured as a total phantasm that includes and conciliates all the above mentionned contradictions
Nicco-Kerinvel, Cécile. "Puissance et individu chez Descartes, Hobbes et Spinoza." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040153.
Full textBehind the appearances of a lexical and semantic unity, the concept of “power” leads us to question the diversity of the realities to which it gives light. The reflections of Descartes, Hobbes et Spinoza could make-up the framework of a study of this polysemy, demonstrated by the multitude of Latin terms which translate “power”: « potestas », « potentia », « vis », « facultas », « posse ». Is power an absolute force to do or not to do, or an actual strength, inscribed in the order of necessity without rupturing it? The study of its physical nature and its metaphysical rooting allows this problem to be exposed and outlines the different responses of our authors. However due to the close ties linking power to individuality, this also calls for ethical and political analysis. The original experience of impotence reveals not only power creating illusions of powerlessness, but also means of exceeding it. To enable an individual to become powerful implies self-practice, which brings to light the power of representations, and in particular the power of truth. Nevertheless, the truth cannot be powerful in the face of passions which harm us, unless it also affects us. The rules of power reveal the necessary articulation of powerful decision-making and of power conceived as an actuality (potentia), and which obliges us to qualify the opposition commonly admitted between Descartes and Spinoza. The cross reading of the works of Descartes, Hobbes and Spinoza offers therefore the opportunity of research of Cartesian conceptual fragments which can explain the productions of Spinoza and Hobbes, and the structural analogies which enlighten the meaning of power
Chalfoun, Nagi. "Marx, Engels et l'Etat." Lyon 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO31009.
Full textEven though marx has not dealt with the problem of the state as extensively as with economic matters, this problem remains present thoughout his work. Starting from hegel and his own critique of hegel, marx asserts himself as an author who ascribes the prominent part to the civil society. The state must die out, and the instrument of this extinction is the dictatorship of the proletariat, which foretells the separation between state and civil society. In the marxian utopia, the dictatorship of the proletariat, the growing of democracy and the dying out of the state are three aspects of one movement, which is the dialectical process of the revolution
Durantou, Patrick. "Le meme et l'autre." Toulouse 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU20070.
Full textThe question of the same and of the other concernes also in the individual that in general all the moments of life and in all of its angles. So we examine the confrontation to the death of the subject and of the othei like in unamuno. We find too, this, in the three creations studed of unamuno and the themes in the poetic creations of machado. The question of the same and of the other is inseparable of the one of a theory of knowledge and of the scepticism of machado. It's also in the time which is a composant of the dasein of heidegger that the same is opposate to the other. All of this come to a metaphysic of peace and to a theory of eros of unamuno and machado which brings many novations. We examine in the third part, after a prolepsis and some prolegomens, the face central of christ, the aspect messianic of the redeemer, his contribution of a religion revealed, then we compare three degrees of study, of poesis, of mathesis and of religere of the both creators. The examen ended with "variantes" above the deity
Manzari, Francesca. "Ecriture derridienne entre langage des rêves et critique littéraire." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10024.
Full textGoyet, Florence. "La nouvelle au tournant du siècle en France, Italie, Japon, Russie et pays anglo-saxons : Maupassant, Verga, Mori Ogai, Akutagawa Ryonosuke, Tcheckhov et James." Paris 4, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA040004.
Full textThe study of a very wide range of very different stories shows that they share a common approach of structure, publishing conditions, and conception of their subject. Part I (structure): making of every element a paragon in its category (ch. 1), the short story uses them in an antithetic structure (ch. 2), which importance supersedes that of the characterization. "whip-ends" may dramatize such a tension (ch. 4). What allows the story to be short is that it relies heavily on readymade materials (ch. 3). Long stories and non-narrative stories may, however, escape such "laws" (ch. 5). Part II (publishing conditions) shows on forty-odd periodicals that the characters in the story could never belong to the readers' own world. "exotism" is the rule, even for realist or "naturalist" texts. Part III (the estranging look) shows this as being the result of conceiving the subject as "exotic". Close analysis of all rhetoric devices (with special discussion of the "free indirect speech" and "patois", plus the use of narrators and "reflectors" -ch4, 5 & 6) shows how they estrange the reader from the characters. The short story is a monological text: it never allows the confrontation of two equally valid "voices" (Bakhtine: ch. 7)
Peyroles, Henri. "Science et mystique en philosophie : Henri Bergson et Martin Heidegger." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100040.
Full textBomy, Charlotte. "Théâtralité et intermédialité dans les spectacles de Frank Castorf, Einar Schleef et Heiner Goebbels." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR20067.
Full textThis study of the stage work of three German directors wishes to throw light on the functioning of stage languages that seek emancipation from the dramatic text and incursion of other art forms. The concept of “theatrality” will be used to bring out the specific aesthetic logic of these post-dramatic productions in which the role of the spectator has become absolutely central. The concept of “intermediality” will allow us to assess how these works feed on interactions between all types of “media”, whether this includes reworking ancestral processes (like Einar Schleef’s use of the chorus), incorporating audiovisual media at various degrees (like film and video in Frank Castorf’s work) or the interweaving of several artistic practices (for example Heiner Goebbels’ merging of theatre and music)