Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ciclo Deming'
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Buitrón, López Liliana. "Modelo de Lean Manufacturing basado en el ciclo de Deming y desarrollado en Gantt para incrementar la eficiencia en empresas plásticas." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626460.
Full textWorldwide, it is known that, over the years, the industry of the plastic sector is moving at a level of growth that is mainly related to its broad capacity for transformation, combination, durability and other applications that, if correctly used, contribute to improving the capacity of competitiveness of organizations facing other converters. However, this growing situation means that production processes are more saturated, generating higher losses in time that impact on non-compliance with demand, and since plastic production plants sell machine time, this situation affects the profitability of the same In order to mitigate these situations, various efforts have been made to come up with philosophies and methodologies that allow finding the solution to these problems, due to the great importance for companies to work with the highest efficiency in their processes and thus seek to increase their productive availability to increase sales volume In this regard, the implementation of the Lean Manufacturing methodology applied under the support of the Deming cycle whose main objective will be to develop a strategy based on the PHVA cycle that will increase machine efficiency in a sustained manner is approached. Its contribution is developed around the successful application of the combination of the Lean tools selected under the Deming scheme and developed under a Gantt timetable for the solution of the case and that are developed in this article, being able to serve as an initial guide to other technicians who They seek to increase the productivity of their processes in other factories in the sector.
Trabajo de investigaciòn
Peña, Miranda William Francisco. "Aplicación del ciclo de Deming e indicadores de calidad para optimizar la atención a clientes TI de una empresa de seguridad informática." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/15012.
Full textTrabajo de suficiencia profesional
Relayze, Elescano Alberto Julio. "Optimización en el sistema de control de producción en una fábrica de hielo industrial en bloques utilizando las herramientas ciclo Deming y Smed." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625744.
Full textThis research will be carried out in the industrial refrigeration engineering factory Virgen de Guadalupe SAC, whose activity is the production and commercialization of ice mainly used in the fishing industry, which have a presentation of 50 kilos each. The problem in the company is the lack of control in the processing, tracking and analysis of the information of the registries and inspections in the industrial block ice manufacturing process. In order to evaluate the production system and design the necessary improvements towards the improvement of productivity in the factory of industrial refrigeration engineering Virgen de Guadalupe SAC a diagnosis of the production line will be realized to improve the times of the production process of blocks of ice. Subsequently, a design of the necessary modifications will be made to increase the production capacity, and finally, a cost-benefit analysis of said design will be made that allows to analyze to the company the suitability in study, by means of the reduction of its costs of production using Efficiently its production processes, providing quality products, and being competitive in the market.
Tesis
Vélez, Durand Giancarlo Franco. "Aplicación del ciclo de Deming en el servicio de emergencia en un establecimiento de salud privado de nivel II-2 para mejorar el índice de calidad de atención." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16434.
Full textDiani, Sofia. "Implementazione del sistema logistico distribuito Direct Delivery ad un impianto industriale. il caso Toyota Material Handling." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Find full textAnastasio, Francesca. "Razionalizzazione dei processi manutentivi dei mezzi d'opera ferroviari: il caso DIPSA TECHNES s.r.l." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Find full textCerrillo, Niño Hellen Giuliana. "Propuesta de un proceso de gestión de calidad e inocuidad para aumentar la productividad de las MYPES olivícolas del Valle de Bella Unión, Caravelí – Arequipa basado en el ciclo de Deming (PHVA) y en el uso de Buenas Prácticas Agrícolas (BPA)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/627667.
Full textThis research project proposes Business Process Management (BPM) as a key tool for increasing the productivity of an olive producing agricultural association in the valley of Bella Union located in Arequipa. Based on in-depth interviews and on-site visits, information was gathered on the current situation of the association and, based on the data found, the BPM system was proposed, covering Quality and Safety Management, Commercial Management, Planning and Control of Production, Cost Management, Logistics Management and Occupational Health and Safety. In this document, the proposal of the Quality and Safety Management process has been developed with the objective of attacking the problem of the lack of uniformity of olives produced as an association that limits access to markets. Within the proposed system, there are the subprocesses of "Adaptation of Quality Principles in the Association", "Standardization of activities in the production process", "Management and Control of Documentation", "Control and Supply of Phytosanitary Products", " Control and Inspection of crops "," Development of internal quality audits "and" Management of Results for Continuous Improvement ". Also, this system is developed under the scheme of the circle of Deming (Plan, Do, Verify and Act) and is based on Good Agricultural Practices in the cultivation of olive trees.
Tesis
Giordani, Tonino. "I costi della non qualità: progettazione ed implementazione di un quality gate. Il caso Poltrona Frau Spa." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Find full textMachado, Caio Henrique. "Low expectations, low demand: when should the government intervene?" reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/10656.
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This paper studies the impact of different interventions that aim to mitigate coordination failures in a macroeconomic environment. We address questions concerning the timing of economic stimulus. When should the government start stimulating the economy? Should it spend more on preventing crisis or on taking the economy out of it when fundamentals are worth? How the economic stimulus should play with the strategic complementarity? To answer those questions we build a dynamic macroeconomic model with monopolistic competition and staggered investment decisions. Applying theoretical results of dynamic games with timing frictions, we are able to characterize an unique equilibrium in this model, providing a tractable framework for policy analysis. Our results suggest that the government should not bias the incentives towards trying hard to avoid crisis or trying hard to rescue the economy, it should do neither.
Este trabalho estuda o impacto de diferentes políticas que procuram mitigar falhas de coordenação em um ambiente macroeconômico. Abordamos questões relativas ao timing dos estímulos econômicos. Quando o governo deveria começar a incentivar a economia? Deveria gastar mais para prevenir crises ou para tirar a economia da recessão quando os fundamentos estão melhorando? Como o estímulo deve alterar a complementaridade estratégica? Para responder a estas perguntas, construímos um modelo macroeconômico dinâmico com concorrência monopolística e decisões de investimento sequenciais. Aplicando resultados da literatura teórica de jogos dinâmicos com fricções, selecionamos um único equilíbrio neste modelo, nos dando um instrumental tratável para a análise de políticas. Nossos resultados sugerem que o governo não deveria viesar incentivos nem para a prevenção de crises nem para resgatar a economia quando esta já está em crise.
CESA, BIANCHI AMBROGIO. "SAGGI SUI MERCATI IMMOBILIARI E IL CICLO MACROECONOMICO." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1971.
Full textThe recent global financial crisis and ensuing recession led many to look at the housing market as a possible source of macroeconomic fluctuations, highlighted the crucial role played by emerging market economies as a source of world growth, and revived the much discussed issue of the interaction between monetary policy and asset prices volatility. Motivated by these issues, my Ph.D. thesis focuses on housing markets in both advanced and emerging economies and their interaction with the macroeconomy. This dissertation consists of three self-contained essays. The first essay describes a novel dataset on house prices for 19 emerging economies with quarterly data updated to 2009:4, to be compared with an existing database for 21 advanced economies. The second essay investigates the international spillovers of U.S. housing demand shocks across housing markets and their impact on real economic activity. The third essay studies the uncharted interaction between monetary and macro-prudential policies in a simple model of consumption-based asset pricing with collateralized borrowing.
Simões, Nádia Nogueira. "Procura de trabalho, produtividade e ciclo económico. Uma análise aplicada ao mercado de trabalho português." Master's thesis, ISEG, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/22112.
Full textEste trabalho pretendeu analisar os factores que motivam as flutuações cíclicas da produtividade do trabalho. Consideraram-se duas categorias de explicações: uma fundamentada nos programas de optimização das empresas (intra-empresarial) e outra na mobilidade dos trabalhadores (inter-empresarial). As primeiras centram-se na influência das estruturas organizacionais nas reacções das empresas perante alterações da conjuntura. Neste domínio, o modelo de referência é o neoclássico que, com base, em rendimentos marginais decrescentes prevê produtividade do trabalho contra-cíclica. Recentemente, surgiram especificações que consideram" economias de escala, existência de heterogeneidade entre agentes económicos, custos no ajustamento das estruturas produtivas, práticas de labor hoarding e concorrência imperfeita. A correlação esperada entre produtividade e ciclo económico afasta-se da deduzida pelo modelo inicial mas aproxima-se da encontrada nos dados disponíveis (pro-cíclica). As concepções inter-empresariais associam as flutuações da produtividade à influência das perturbações agregadas na afectação dos recursos. Realçam a relevância das transferências de factores entre empresas com produtividades distintas. Estas dinâmicas traduzem-se em cleansing e sullying effects. De acordo com os primeiros, as recessões ao induzirem perdas de rentabilidade nos empregos menos produtivos, levam os factores a deslocarem-se para aplicações mais adequadas ao seu potencial. Prevêem por isso produtividade contra-cíclica. Para os segundos havendo nas recessões menor propensão à criação de emprego, os benefícios da mobilidade reduzem-se. Os ganhos de eficiência da transferência de factores estariam assim concentrados nas expansões. Logo, a produtividade seria pro-cíclica. Para testar estas teorias usámos um painel de empresas empregando mais de 100 trabalhadores, extraído do Balanço Social. Identificámos nas flutuações de curto prazo da produtividade do trabalho, o contributo dos factores inter e intra-empresariais. No painel, a produtividade apresentou-se pro-cíclica. Ao nível da reafectaçào destacaram-se os cleansing effects. No plano intra-empresarial foram várias as dinâmicas importantes. Finalmente, concluímos que as forças intra-empresariais favorecendo a pro-ciclicidade superaram as inter-empresariais de pendor contracíclico.
This essay analyses the factors behind the cyclical behaviour of labor productivity. For that matter, a theoretical framework attending to intra-fim and inter-firm explanations for the pattem observed is considered. The intra-firm theories establish a link between organizational structure characteristics and managers reaction to business cycle^fluctuations. At this levei, the neoclassical model persists as the central reference. According to its results average productivity is countercyclical. Empirical evidence showing the opposite induced the development of new theories. Modiíying the initial hypothesis to account for effects such as scale economies, adjustment costs, labor hoarding, workers heterogeneity and imperfect competition produces procyclical productivity. The second group of explanations {inter-firm theories) explores the relation between worker mobility and aggregate fluctuations. Two competing approaches are considered. The cleansing effects approach explain the mechanisms trough which recessions induce a more efficient resources allocation, enhancing counterciclical labor productivity. Considering the association between the number of vacancies available and new labor relations quality, the sullying effects approach associates periods of efficiency gains to booms. In this scenario reallocation induces procyclical productivity. Exploiting a unique data set of 2000 firms with more than 100 workers collected from the Balanço Social, for the period between 1995 and 1999, we confront these theories. This panei was initially used to compare the role of intra and inter-firm dynamics to account for cyclical variations of labor productivity. The results indicate that labor productivity is procyclical. Furthermore, this study shows that for the portuguese economy cleansing effects dominate over sullying effects. Secondly, conceming intrafirm theories, our findings indicate that only a framework integrating several sources of cyclical productivity fluctuations is able to explain the observed evidence. Finally, we fínd procyclical intra-firm effects to be stronger than countercyclical inter-firm dynamics.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Martins, Heitor de Araujo. "Práticas de melhoria de manufatura com curto ciclo de vida de produtos e imprevisibilidade de demanda: aplicação na indústria de vestuário de moda." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18156/tde-24042013-141806/.
Full textThe trend of increased mix and shorter product life cycle is expanding in several sectors of the economy and the resulting demand unpredictability generates new challenges for the supply chain management, which needs to find new ways to maximize products availability and minimize inventory obsolescence. Despite this trend is not yet consolidated, the relevance of sectors already facing this challenges (especially industries related to fashion and technology) and the importance of processes adaptation to this new environment for business profitability are the motivators of this research. Thus, the main objective of this work is to identify which manufacturing improvement techniques can be used to deal with this environment challenges. Furthermore, it is proposed to formally characterize those challenges, explaining in more detail the relationship between them, the manufacturing practices and some operational and financial results of companies. To achieve this goal, literature review and action research in a fashion apparel industry are used as the two main research procedures. The positive results obtained indicate that improvement practices from lean manufacturing and agile manufacturing can be used together to tailor production and the planning process to this new scenario, allowing for better operational results.
Costa, Luzia Bouzan Oliveira. "Avaliação do ciclo de vida da produção de biogás via estação de tratamento de esgoto e uso em célula a combustível de óxido sólido." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-24102012-080923/.
Full textThe search for renewable energy use and mitigation of anthropogenic impacts play an important role in the development of contemporary society. The use of energy from renewable sources is a possible solution to the problems related to environmental impacts, in particular, climate change. An important renewable energy source is biomass deriving from organic waste, after the anaerobic digestion, resulting in a gas rich in methane, known as biogas. From the point of view environmental quality, energy recovery of waste generated from the treatment of domestic wastewater can minimize environmental impacts as it allows the reduction of organic load dropped in water and soil. Additionally, it is also possible to mitigate the negative effects of methane emissions in the atmosphere when the biogas is used in the production of energy through solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). In this sense, this study aimed at assessing the life cycle of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), the biogas-generating unit, its purification and fuel cells use by identifying the potential mitigation of greenhouse gases and energy use of biogas. Among the main results obtained, the constructive phase is the main contributor to the cumulative energy demand, accounting for 55% of the CED, while in the step of sewage treating its particularly important the production of atmospheric emissions, about 23,500 kg CO2eq per day. The potential for emissions of greenhouse gases can be avoided throughout the cycle, at around 3,000 kg CO2eq per day. The total energy that can be produced with the biogas generated in WWTP and burned in the SOFC is approximately 14,000 kWh/day, which can provide 100% of the power demand of the treatment phase. The results presented launch challenges and generate opportunities for researchers and energy systems planners to develop strategies for environmentally healthy use of renewable resources.
Wong, Victor. "Coordination failures and slow recoveries in macroeconomics." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/23999.
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Coordination failures are one of the possible reasons why economies suffer during a recession and why they take long time to recover. This work studies a macroeconomic model with endogenous hazard rates that captures in a simple way the dynamic coordination problem and assess it quantitatively. We could find that, for the US economy, coordination failures have very small effects but very persistent.
As falhas de coordenação são uma das possíveis razões pelas quais as economias sofrem durante uma recessão e por que demoram para se recuperar. Este trabalho estuda um modelo macroeconômico que capta de forma simples o problema da coordenação dinâmica e o avalia quantitativamente. Encontramos que, para a economia dos Estados Unidos, falhas de coordenação têm efeitos pequenos, mas bem persistentes.
Gripp, Victor Sette. "Análise ambiental, energética e econômica de arranjo processual para reúso de água em refinaria de petróleo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-21102014-111526/.
Full textIt was built a representative model of the water life cycle within a petroleum refinery, considering all the uses in which it is applied. In this context, under environmental, energetic and economic perspective, different scenarios were analyzed, where further treatment stages were added to the wastewater treatment process so that recycled water could be provided back to the refining process, reducing, therefore, the need for freshwater intake and pretreatment by the refinery. Scenario I is the base scenario, without implementation of any water reuse aimed action. In Scenario II, it is incorporated the additional stage called Phase 1 Treatment, which consists of a Clarification process followed by an Electrodialysis Reversal (EDR).This enables the recycling of 255.7 m3/h from the 350 m3/h previously discharged to the water body in Scenario I. In Scenario III, it is incorporated to the Scenario II setting an Evaporative Crystallization process for treating the concentrated brine resulting from the EDR process. This enables the recovery of more 55.4 m3/h from the 350 m3/h initially released, using, for that, the energy from residual steam previously not used by the refinery. The environmental analysis was developed through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and found very similar performances for all three scenarios. Despite that, the open profile analysis, of midpoint impacts, showed significant environmental gains from the closure of the water circuit and, though with very small advantages, Scenario III showed a better performance than Scenario II in all impact categories and, in most of them, also better than Scenario I performance. The single score analysis, considering endpoint impact categories, highlighted Climate Change, specially related to the natural gas burning in the boiler for steam generation, as the main impact category associated to the water life cycle within the refinery, being responsible for more than 90% of all the value of the single score indicator. The energetic analysis was developed using the Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) indicator and resulted in a better performance of Scenario I, even if with just small differences from Scenarios II and III. The worst performance was from Scenario II. Comparing the relative contribution of the different types of energy, the hydroelectricity was the most important one, being responsible for around 80% of the CED single score in all three scenarios. The economic analysis was developed through traditional indicators used for assessing projects viability Internal Return Rate (IRR) and Net Present Value (NPV), considering, as reference, the rules of charging for water use valid nowadays at the Paraíba do Sul river basin. With the prices charged nowadays for the water use from this basin, the implementation of both reuse scenarios is not economic viable. In order to make it viable, the charged value would have to be around 50 to 80 times higher than it is today. Among the reuse scenarios, Scenario II had a better economic performance than Scenario III.
Machado, Caio Henrique. "Coordination failures in business cycles." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18270.
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Coordination failures are often said to play an important role in business cycles. If agents’ incentives of taking a given action depend on the amount of other agents expected to take the same action, coordination failures can often arise. Firms may not invest because they do not expect others to invest, confirming their initial expectations. Similarly, banks may not lend because they do not expect others to lend. This dissertation analyzes different environments in which crises arise as a result of coordination failures. The first chapter analyzes an economy that is subject to a dynamic coordination problem. Because of aggregate demand externalities, firms’ incentives to increase their production depend on expected demand, which in turn depends on the amount produced by other firms. The problem is dynamic since firms do not take investment decisions at the same time, implying that a firm deciding today is trying to forecast what other firms will decide in the future. This opens the possibility of dynamic coordination traps: firms do not invest today because they do not believe others will invest tomorrow, generating lower incentives for firms to invest at future dates. This chapter focuses on the following questions: In economies subject to dynamic coordination traps, what is the optimal stimulus policies? Should policy makers provide higher incentives to production in times of low economic activity? The answer is that a constant subsidy implements the first-best in an economy where beliefs are endogenously determined. The reason is that, although it is harder to coordinate in times of low economic activity, agents are naturally more optimistic about the future in times of poor economic activity and reasonably good fundamentals. This optimism arise from the fact that in bad times negative shocks do not change the level of economic activity, while positive shocks may end a recession. The second chapter proposes a model to study unusually deep financial crises. Previous empirical work has found that financial crises are very deep and persistent on average, but there is a lot of heterogeneity across different episodes. Some financial crises feature a very distressed financial sector, but little distress on the real sector, while others are real macroeconomic disasters. In light of this evidence, I propose a model in which there is a highly non-linear feedback between the real and the financial sector. Disaster episodes arise from the dynamic interaction of two frictions: coordination frictions and financial frictions. When banks have weak balance sheets they do not intermediate much capital. This causes firms to get trapped in a self-reinforcing regime with low aggregate demand, which ends up provoking further damage to banks’ balance sheets. I use the model as a laboratory to study unusually deep financial crises and the effects of some policies. It is shown that the effects of disasters go far beyond what we observe during those episodes: they imply very low asset prices, economic growth and welfare, even in good times and when their probability is very small. Policies that protect the financial sector from those episodes can be very beneficial. Moreover, higher risk-taking in bad times may improve economic growth, welfare and financial stability. The third chapter studies the policy trade-off of a regulator that wants to avoid coordination failures, but at the same time does not want to generate distortions arising from moral hazard. Banks have investment opportunities with an expected return that depends positively on the amount of other banks undertaking similar investments, opening room for coordination failures. At the same time, banks may risk-shift to projects with smaller expected return but higher volatility. By providing guarantees in case of failures, a regulator can enhance coordination, but that leads banks to switch to worse projects. It is shown that in some states a regulator will provide no guarantees, even if it that means allowing a coordination failure to happen. Moreover, the possibility of risk-shifting reduces the amount of guarantees needed to avoid a coordination failure.
Com frequência argumenta-se que falhas de coordenação têm um papel importante no ciclo de negócios. Se os incentivos dos agentes a realizar determinada ação depende da quantidade esperada de outros agentes que tomarão a mesma ação, falhas de coordenação podem acontecer. Empresas podem não investir porque não esperam que outras empresas irão investir, confirmando suas expectativas iniciais. De maneira similar, bancos podem não conceder empréstimos porque eles não esperam que outros bancos irão fazer o mesmo. Esta tese analisa diferentes ambientes onde crises surgem como o resultado de falhas de coordenação. O primeiro capítulo analisa uma economia que está sujeita a falhas de coordenação dinâmicas. Por causa de externalidades de demanda agregada, os incentivos para uma dada firma aumentar sua produção dependem da demanda esperada, que por sua vez depende da quantidade produzida por outras firmas. O problema é dinâmico porque as firmas não tomam decisões de investimento ao mesmo tempo, implicando que uma firma tomando decisões hoje está tentando prever o que outras firmas decidirão no futuro. Isso abre a possibilidade de falhas de coordenação dinâmicas: firmas não investem hoje porque elas não acreditam que outras firmas investirão amanhã, gerando incentivos menores para outras firmas investirem no futuro. Este capítulo foca nas seguintes questões: Em economias sujeitas a este problema de coordenação dinâmico, qual a política de estímulo ótima? O governo deveria prover mais estímulos em épocas de baixa atividade econômica? A resposta é que um subsídio constante implementa o ótimo nesta economia. O motivo é que, embora seja mais difícil coordenar em tempos de baixa atividade, os agentes estão naturalmente mais otimistas sobre o futuro em tempos de baixa atividade e fundamentos razoavelmente bons. Este otimismo surge do fato que em tempos ruins choques negativos não alteram o nível de atividade econômica, mas choques positivos podem acabar com uma recessão. O segundo capítulo desta tese propõe um modelo para estudar crises financeiras mais severas que o usual. Trabalhos empíricos prévios mostram que, em geral, crises financeiras são muito profundas e persistentes, mas também que há muita heterogeneidade entre diferentes episódios. Algumas crises financeiras causam enormes danos no sistema financeiro, mas pouco dano no setor real, enquanto outras são verdadeiros desastres macroeconômicos. À luz desta evidência, esta tese propõe um modelo onde há um feedback extremamente não linear entre o setor financeiro e o setor real. Desastres surgem através da interação dinâmica de duas fricções: fricções de coordenação e fricções financeiras. Quando os bancos estão com problemas em seus balanços, eles optam por intermediar menos capital. Isso leva as firmas a entrar em um regime com baixa demanda agregada, que causa ainda mais dano ao capital dos bancos. Este modelo é utilizado como um laboratório para estudar crises financeiras muito severas e o efeito de algumas políticas. É mostrado que os efeitos de desastres econômicos vão muito além do que observamos durante estes episódios. Eles levam à queda dos preços de ativos, baixo crescimento e perdas de bem-estar, mesmo que a probabilidade destes eventos seja muito pequena. Finalmente, quando os bancos tomam mais risco em tempos ruins, podemos ter um aumento de crescimento, bem-estar e estabilidade financeira. O terceiro capítulo estuda o trade-off enfrentado por um regulador que quer evitar falhas de coordenação, mas ao mesmo tempo não quer gerar distorções que surgem por conta de risco moral. Os bancos possuem oportunidades de investimento cujo retorno esperado depende positivamente da quantidade de outros bancos investindo em projetos similares, abrindo espaço para a possibilidade de falhas de coordenação. Ao mesmo tempo, bancos podem escolher investir em projetos com menor retorno esperado e maior volatilidade. Ao prover garantias em caso de falha de um banco, um regulador pode melhorar a habilidade que estes têm de coordenar, mas ao mesmo isto pode levar os bancos a tomarem risco excessivo. É mostrado que em alguns estados o regulador não proverá garantias, mesmo que isso implique permitir que uma falha de coordenação aconteça. Ainda, a possibilidade dos bancos tomarem risco excessivo reduz a quantidade de garantias necessárias para evitar uma falha de coordenação.
Forero, Cantor Germán Augusto. "Incorporación de consideraciones de estabilidad y sostenibilidad ambiental en la seguridad alimentaria. El caso de España." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/158733.
Full text[CAT] El segon dels Objectius per al Desenvolupament Sostenible de la ONU és fam zero. Concretament, es tracta de posar fi a la fam, aconseguir la seguretat alimentària (SA) i millorar la nutrició i promoure la agricultura sostenible. Cal destacar que la inseguretat alimentària no és un problema exclusiu de països en desenvolupament, sinó que als països anomenats desenvolupats part de la població té problemes per a garantir una nutrició adient. Per altra banda, encara que gran part del debat al voltant de la SA s'ha centrat en aspectes relacionats amb l'accessibilitat i la producció d'aliments, s'observa una tendència cap a un concepte més integral de la SA que abasta també els canvis ambientals globals. Per aquesta raó, investigadors, governs i organismes internacionals estan proposant mesures de diversa índole, enfocades a garantir la seguretat alimentària i nutricional de la població, d'una banda, i a contrarestar els impactes negatius que les activitats de producció i consum d'aliments tenen sobre el medi ambient i el canvi climàtic. En aquest sentit, el registre de dades relacionades amb variables econòmiques i ambientals, conjuntament amb el coneiximent d'experts en aquestes àrees i l'ús d'eines d'estadística aplicada, han contribuït a que a partir de evidències objectives es formalitzen de forma estructurada i coherent les accions que poden modificar el comportament social i econòmic de tots els agents involucrats. En aquest context, la teoria econòmica en general, i la teoria del consumidor en particular, a partir del registre i processament detallat d'informació estadística relacionada, han fet possible analitzar alguns aspectes de les actituds, comportaments i preferències del consumidor. Aquests aspectes poden ser utilitzats com a senyals de les possibles reaccions que els consumidors tindrien en la seua demanda per alguns aliments davant canvis en variables de mercat que no pot controlar, com ara els preus, o davant accions de política pública que també poden modificar les seues decisions de consum, tals com l'aplicació d'impostos i/o subsidis, els quals finalment afectaran les seues metes alimentàries i nutricionals. D'altra banda, l'anàlisi de cicle de vida (ACV) ha adquirit una gran fortalesa per a la avaluació ambiental. En concret, l'ACV en la seua variant conseqüencial (ACV-C) presenta interès per a la valoració de les possibles conseqüències sobre el mediambient davant canvis exògens en variables econòmiques o de política medioambiental. En la literatura relacionada amb l'ACV-C s'utilitzen paràmetres econòmics como ara les elasticitats, per a conèixer la denominada relació de substitució entre productes alternatius. En general, una elasticitat es una mesura quantitativa que relaciona el canvi percentual en quant a quantitats d'una variable en particular amb el canvi percentual que té qualsevol altra variable. D'aquesta manera es poden modelar els canvis que es presenten a curt i llarg termini em els indicadors mediambientals a conseqüència de canvis en variables como ara els preus o la quantitat d'inputs utilitzats en la producció d'un bé o servei. Davant d'aquest escenari, l'objectiu d'aquesta tesi es proposar noves metodologies per a avaluar la seguretat alimentària (SA) i la sostenibilitat ambiental associada al consum d'aliments, amb la fi de promoure una seguretat alimentària sostenible. Els casos d'estudi desenvolupats se centraran en Espanya, i s'utilitzaran eines metodològiques que involucren l'aplicació de la teoria del consumidor, la perspectiva de cicle de vida i alguns mètodes estadístics. L'abast del objectiu plantejat s'ha aconseguit a partir de quatre objectius secundaris, i cadascun d'ells ha quedat reflectit en respectius capítols de la tesi, dels cuals dos s'han centrat en analitzar la seguretat alimentària, i els dos restants en els aspectes medioambientals.
[EN] The second of the UNO's Sustainable Development Goals is zero hunger. The aim is to end hunger, achieve food security (FS) and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture. It must be highlighted that food insecurity is not a problem exclusively for developing countries, but in the so-called developed countries, part of the population has also problems to achieve adequate nutrition. On the other hand, although to date much of the debate on FS has focused on aspects related to accessibility and food production, there is a trend towards a more comprehensive concept of food security that also encompasses global environmental changes. Thus, researchers, governments, and international organizations as FAO are proposing various measures and focused on guaranteeing food and nutritional security of the population and, in addition, on counteracting the negative impacts that food production and consumption generate on the environment and climate change. Along these lines, the recording of economic and environmental data, together with experts' knowledge in these areas, and the use of applied statistics are fundamental so that, from objective evidence, actions to modify the economic and social behavior of the individuals involved be formulated in a structured and coherent way. In this context, the economic theory in general, and the consumer theory in particular, accompanied by detailed recording and processing of statistical information, have made possible to analyze many aspects related to the attitudes, behaviors, and preferences of consumers. These aspects may be used as signals of their possible consumers' demand reactions for some foods in the face of changes in market variables that they cannot control, such as food prices, or in the face of public policy actions that may also alter their decisions such as taxes and /or subsidies, which will ultimately affect your food and nutritional situation. On the other hand, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has gained great importance as to environmental assessment. Specifically, consequential LCA (C-LCA) arises as a tool to assess the potential consequences on the environment in view of exogenous changes in specific economic variables, or environmental policies. When reviewing the literature on C-LCA, elasticities are used to find out the so-called substitution ratio between alternative products. Generally, an elasticity is a quantitative measure that relates the percentage change of a specific variable with the percentage change of another variable. In this way, we can model short and long term changes of the environmental indicators as a consequence of changes of variables such as the price or the amount of inputs applied in the production of a good or service. Taking the foregoing, the objective of this dissertation is to propose new methodologies to evaluate Food Security (FS), and the environmental sustainability associated with food consumption, in order to promote a sustainable food security. The case studies developed will be focused on Spain, and methodological tools that involve the application of consumer theory, LCA, together with statistical methods will be used for this. The scope of the stated objective has been achieved from four secondary objectives, each of them reflected in respective chapters of this dissertation. Two of the chapters focus on analyzing food security, and the remaining two on environmental aspects. Initially, in the absence of FS measurement tools that allow the formulation of strategies in terms of regions or regional blocks, a new methodology for measuring food insecurity based on the dimensions of access and stability consumption is proposed and implemented in chapter 2. To this aim, the values of different price and income elasticities for nine animal sourced foods (ASF) are integrated by using quarterly data of for the period 2004-2015 in the 17 Spanish regions. The results
Forero Cantor, GA. (2020). Incorporación de consideraciones de estabilidad y sostenibilidad ambiental en la seguridad alimentaria. El caso de España [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/158733
TESIS
Vasconcelos, Júlio César. "O ciclo de deming (pdca) e a metodologia freiriana aplicados em um curso de pósgraduação." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/7879.
Full textEste trabalho de pesquisa descreve de forma detalhada o desenvolvimento de um Sistema de Ensino-Aprendizagem Participativo, que utiliza como base o Ciclo de Deming (PDCA) e a Metodologia Freiriana em um curso de pós-graduação, com uma unidade curricular voltada para o tema Consultoria e Coach. Tem por objetivo comprovar a funcionalidade e a eficácia deste Sistema, utilizando como método de pesquisa a Observação Naturalista Participante associada à realização de Entrevistas, à Analise Documental e a outras metodologias correlatas. Os resultados do trabalho demonstram, em termos de processo, um elevado nível de eficiência relacionado à motivação e à interatividade por parte dos alunos envolvidos e, em termos de alcance de objetivos finais, um elevado padrão de eficácia relacionado ao nível de aprendizagem dos alunos e à aplicabilidade dos conceitos estudados.
This research work describes in detail the development of a participative teaching and learning system using the Deming Cycle (PDCA) as a basis as well as Freire’s methodology in a postgraduate course in the curricular unit - Consultancy and Coach. It aims at proving the functionality and effectiveness of this system using as research method the participant naturalistic observation associated to interviews, document analysis and other appropriate methodologies.The results of this research work show in terms of process a high level of efficiency related to motivation and interactivity by the students involved. Considering the achievement of the final objectives it shows a high standard of success related to the level of the students’ learning and the applicability of the concepts studied.
Coelho, José Manuel Moura. "Aplicação para Monitorização do ANPTE em Laboratórios Clínicos." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/13931.
Full textGwerder, Yvonne Alexandra Vogt. "Life Beyond the Grid: A Life-Cycle Sustainability Assessment of Household Energy Demand." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/86761.
Full textEste trabalho avalia a sustentabilidade associada à satisfação das necessidades de eletricidade e aquecimento em casas sem acesso às redes de abastecimento convencionais, realizando um estudo que combina Avaliação da Sustentabilidade de Ciclo de Vida (LCSA) e Análise de Decisão Multicritério (MCDA) aplicado a duas casas nessas condições em Benfeita, uma pequena vila de Portugal que atraiu uma comunidade com consciência ecológica. Foram selecionadas duas casas (1 e 2) como casos de estudo por possuírem necessidades energéticas e acesso a recursos energéticos endógenos distintos, que exigem o uso de diferentes tecnologias, tornando-as representativas dos diversos desafios de viver sem acesso às redes convencionais. A Casa 1 usa os seguintes sistemas de geração de eletricidade: painéis fotovoltaicos, um gerador pico-hídrico, um gerador a gasolina e baterias de chumbo-ácido; enquanto a Casa 2 usa um micro-gerador hidráulico e baterias de chumbo-ácido e de iões de lítio. Para aquecimento, a Casa 1 usa os seguintes sistemas: um forno a lenha, um fogão a gás de petróleo liquefeito e um fogão solar; enquanto a Casa 2 usa um forno a lenha, um fogão a gás butano e um fogão solar. Com base em visitas ao local, entrevistas e inquéritos a membros da comunidade, foram desenvolvidos inventários desses sistemas que foram utilizados para construir modelos de ciclo de vida. Foram selecionados 12 indicadores para avaliar a sustentabilidade de ciclo de vida: seis critérios ambientais: Aquecimento Global (AG), Requisitos de Energia Fóssil Não Renovável (EF), Ecotoxicidade Aquática de Água Doce (EAAD), Acidificação Terrestre (AT), Eutrofização de Água Doce (EAD) e Eutrofização Marinha (EM); três critérios económicos: custo de investimento, custo de operação e manutenção e Custo Nivelado de Energia (CNE); e três critérios de saúde/sociais: Toxicidade Carcinogénica (TC), Toxicidade Não Carcinogénica (TNC), e Emprego Local.A sustentabilidade da satisfação das necessidades de energia nas casas desconectadas das redes de abastecimento convencionais quando comparada com o uso das redes mostrou ser dependente dos critérios considerados. O uso de energia elétrica em casas desconectadas da rede teve menores impactes em AG e EF, mas mais altos em EAAD, AT, EAD e EM; enquanto o uso de sistemas de aquecimento desconectados da rede convencional teve menores impactos em AG, EF, AT e EAD, e maiores em EAAD e EM. O custo da eletricidade da rede de abastecimento foi 57-65% mais baixo do que o da eletricidade gerada pelos sistemas desconectados da rede, mas 108-288% mais elevado do que o aquecimento produzido sem recurso às redes convencionais. O consumo de eletricidade com recurso aos sistemas desconectados da rede teve maiores impactos em TC e TNC, enquanto o aquecimento com recurso às redes convencionais foi menor. Os resultados das categorias de impacto do método USEtox (EAAD, TC, TNC) foram significativamente diferentes quando foram considerados os fatores de caracterização (FCs) "recomendados" versus "indicativos", pelo que a consideração de ambos é importante para melhorar a robustez dos resultados. Os sistemas de eletricidade e aquecimento desconectados das redes convencionais estimularam níveis mais altos de Emprego Local em Benfeita.Os resultados Base (situação atual) foram também comparados com quatro cenários de abastecimento de energia (A1, A2, A3, e A4) usando a Teoria de Valor Multiatributo (TVM) para classificar as alternativas com base no seu desempenho de sustentabilidade. Os cenários consideraram os impactos de estender e conectar a rede a ambas as casas para permitir o consumo de eletricidade da rede ou a injeção do excesso de eletricidade gerada na rede. O ranking das alternativas dependeu principalmente da distância da casa à rede e se os FCs “recomendados” ou “indicativos” eram considerados nos cálculos do USEtox. A principal razão para essa divergência é a maneira como os metais são contabilizados em cada tipo de FC. FCs “indicativos” têm em consideração os metais no cálculo do potencial de toxicidade, pelo que, como a extensão da rede requer a utilização de metais, os seus impactes são muito mais altos quando comparados com os FCs “recomendados”, que omitem os metais do cálculo devido à sua elevada incerteza.Atender às necessidades domésticas de eletricidade e aquecimento de maneira sustentável requer uma análise do contexto local e dos recursos energéticos endógenos disponíveis. Para habitações em locais remotos, sistemas com base em energia renovável desconectados da rede fornecem uma forma confiável e sustentável para o fornecimento de eletricidade e aquecimento, exigindo que os proprietários tenham o capital inicial para investir em tais sistemas. Proprietários de casas localizadas em áreas com fácil acesso à rede, ou que já estão conectados à rede, não devem considerar sair da rede. Para compreender o valor das alternativas de abastecimento de energia é fundamental ter em conta estes diversos trade-offs.
This work assesses the sustainability of meeting electricity and heating needs in off-grid homes by performing a combined Life-Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) study on two off-grid houses in Benfeita, a small village in Portugal that has attracted an ecologically inclined community. Two homes (Off-Grid House 1 and 2) were selected to serve as case studies because they have unique energy needs as well as distinct resource constraints that require the use of different technologies, making them representative of diverse challenges of off-grid living. Off-Grid House 1 uses the following off-grid electricity systems: photovoltaic panels, a pico-hydro generator, a petrol generator, and lead-acid batteries; Off-Grid House 2 uses: a micro-hydro generator, lead-acid, and lithium-ion batteries. Off-Grid House 1 uses the following off-grid heating systems: a wood burning furnace, a liquefied petroleum gas stove, and a solar cooker; Off-Grid House 2 uses: a wood burning furnace, a butane gas stove, and a solar cooker. Based on site visits, interviews, and surveys with community members, inventories for these systems were developed and used to build original life-cycle models. Twelve indicators were selected to evaluate life-cycle sustainability performance: six environmental criteria: Global Warming (GW), Non-Renewable Fossil Energy Demand (nREn), Freshwater Aquatic Ecotoxicity (FAE), Terrestrial Acidification (TA), Freshwater Eutrophication (FE), Marine Eutrophication (ME); three economic criteria: Investment Cost, Operation & Maintenance Cost, and Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE); and three health/social criteria: Carcinogenic Toxicity (CT), Non-Carcinogenic Toxicity (NCT), and Local Employment. The sustainability of meeting energy needs in the off-grid homes, compared to using the grid, was found to be dependent on the criteria under consideration. Off-grid electricity use had lower impacts in GW and nREn, but higher levels of FAE, TA, FE, and ME; while off-grid heating use had lower impacts in GW, nREn, TA, and FE, and higher ones in FAE and ME. The cost of electricity from the grid was found to be 57-65% less expensive than that of off-grid electricity, but 108-288% more expensive than off-grid heating. Off-grid electricity use had higher impacts in CT and NCT, while off-grid heating´s were lower. The results of the USEtox impact categories (FAE, CT, NCT) were significantly different when “recommended” versus “indicative” characterization factors (CFs) were presented, thus the consideration of both is important to improve robustness of results. Both off-grid electricity and heating systems stimulated higher levels of Local Employment in Benfeita.Baseline results (the current situation) were compared to four energy provisioning scenarios (A1, A2, A3, and A4) using Multi-Attribute Value Theory (MAVT) to rank alternatives based on their sustainability performance. The scenarios considered the impacts of extending and connecting the grid to the homes to allow for either electricity consumption from the grid, or injection of excess electricity generated to the grid. The resulting ranking of alternatives was mainly dependent on the house´s distance from the grid and whether “recommended” or “indicative” CFs were considered in USEtox calculations. The primary reason for this divergence is the way metals are accounted for in each CF. “Indicative” CFs take into consideration metals in the calculation of toxicity, and because grid extension requires the use of many metals, the impacts from grid extension are much higher compared to when “recommended” CFs are used, which omit metals due to the relatively high uncertainty of addressing the fate of these chemicals within substance groups. Meeting household electricity and heating needs in a sustainable way requires an analysis of the local context and available resources. For extremely remote homes, off-grid, renewable energy solutions provide a reliable and sustainable form of electricity and heating, required that homeowners have the upfront capital to invest in such systems. Homeowners that live in places with easy access to the grid, or are already connected to the grid, should not consider going off-grid. A consideration of trade-offs is central to understanding the value of alternative possibilities for energy provisioning.