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Journal articles on the topic 'Cilia/physiology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Cajanek, Lukas. "A play on cilia beating." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 42 (2020): 14260–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.h120.015887.

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Motile cilia, hairlike structures present on the cell surface, have a well-appreciated role in human physiology, including sweeping mucus, dirt and debris out of the respiratory tract. However, we are only beginning to understand the mechanisms governing cilia growth, maintenance and function. In this issue, Arora et al. reveal new details about the control of cilia growth. They identify a previously unrecognized connection between adenylate cyclase 6 (AC6), a cilia signaling mediator, and the autophagy-mediated regulation of motile cilia length via kinesin Kif19a, a regulator of cilia length.

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Pellicciotta, Nicola, Evelyn Hamilton, Jurij Kotar, et al. "Entrainment of mammalian motile cilia in the brain with hydrodynamic forces." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 15 (2020): 8315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910065117.

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Motile cilia are widespread across the animal and plant kingdoms, displaying complex collective dynamics central to their physiology. Their coordination mechanism is not generally understood, with previous work mainly focusing on algae and protists. We study here the entrainment of cilia beat in multiciliated cells from brain ventricles. The response to controlled oscillatory external flows shows that flows at a similar frequency to the actively beating cilia can entrain cilia oscillations. We find that the hydrodynamic forces required for this entrainment strongly depend on the number of cili

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Satir, P., and M. A. Sleigh. "The Physiology of Cilia and Mucociliary Interactions." Annual Review of Physiology 52, no. 1 (1990): 137–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.52.030190.001033.

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Ringers, Christa, Emilie W. Olstad, and Nathalie Jurisch-Yaksi. "The role of motile cilia in the development and physiology of the nervous system." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1792 (2019): 20190156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0156.

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Motile cilia are miniature, whip-like organelles whose beating generates a directional fluid flow. The flow generated by ciliated epithelia is a subject of great interest, as defective ciliary motility results in severe human diseases called motile ciliopathies. Despite the abundance of motile cilia in diverse organs including the nervous system, their role in organ development and homeostasis remains poorly understood. Recently, much progress has been made regarding the identity of motile ciliated cells and the role of motile-cilia-mediated flow in the development and physiology of the nervou

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McClintock, Timothy S., Chad E. Glasser, Soma C. Bose, and Daniel A. Bergman. "Tissue expression patterns identify mouse cilia genes." Physiological Genomics 32, no. 2 (2008): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00128.2007.

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In mammals, cilia are critical for development, sensation, cell signaling, sperm motility, and fluid movement. Defects in cilia are causes of several congenital syndromes, providing additional reasons to identify cilia-related genes. We hypothesized that mRNAs selectively abundant in tissues rich in highly ciliated cells encode cilia proteins. Selective abundance in olfactory epithelium, testes, vomeronasal organ, trachea, and lung proved to be an expression pattern uniquely effective in identifying documented cilia-related genes. Known and suspected cilia-related genes were statistically over

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Chen, Siwei, Wedad Alhassen, Roudabeh Vakil Monfared, et al. "Dynamic Changes of Brain Cilia Transcriptomes across the Human Lifespan." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (2021): 10387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910387.

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Almost all brain cells contain primary cilia, antennae-like microtubule sensory organelles, on their surface, which play critical roles in brain functions. During neurodevelopmental stages, cilia are essential for brain formation and maturation. In the adult brain, cilia play vital roles as signaling hubs that receive and transduce various signals and regulate cell-to-cell communications. These distinct roles suggest that cilia functions, and probably structures, change throughout the human lifespan. To further understand the age-dependent changes in cilia roles, we identified and analyzed age

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Soulavie, Fabien, David Piepenbrock, Joëlle Thomas, et al. "hemingway is required for sperm flagella assembly and ciliary motility in Drosophila." Molecular Biology of the Cell 25, no. 8 (2014): 1276–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e13-10-0616.

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Cilia play major functions in physiology and development, and ciliary dysfunctions are responsible for several diseases in humans called ciliopathies. Cilia motility is required for cell and fluid propulsion in organisms. In humans, cilia motility deficiencies lead to primary ciliary dyskinesia, with upper-airways recurrent infections, left–right asymmetry perturbations, and fertility defects. In Drosophila, we identified hemingway (hmw) as a novel component required for motile cilia function. hmw encodes a 604–amino acid protein characterized by a highly conserved coiled-coil domain also foun

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Loucks, Catrina M., Nathan J. Bialas, Martijn P. J. Dekkers, et al. "PACRG, a protein linked to ciliary motility, mediates cellular signaling." Molecular Biology of the Cell 27, no. 13 (2016): 2133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e15-07-0490.

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Cilia are microtubule-based organelles that project from nearly all mammalian cell types. Motile cilia generate fluid flow, whereas nonmotile (primary) cilia are required for sensory physiology and modulate various signal transduction pathways. Here we investigate the nonmotile ciliary signaling roles of parkin coregulated gene (PACRG), a protein linked to ciliary motility. PACRG is associated with the protofilament ribbon, a structure believed to dictate the regular arrangement of motility-associated ciliary components. Roles for protofilament ribbon–associated proteins in nonmotile cilia and

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Francis, Richard J. B., Bishwanath Chatterjee, Niki T. Loges, Hanswalter Zentgraf, Heymut Omran, and Cecilia W. Lo. "Initiation and maturation of cilia-generated flow in newborn and postnatal mouse airway." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 296, no. 6 (2009): L1067—L1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00001.2009.

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Mucociliary clearance in the adult trachea is well characterized, but there are limited data in newborns. Cilia-generated flow was quantified across longitudinal sections of mouse trachea from birth through postnatal day (PND) 28 by tracking fluorescent microsphere speed and directionality. The percentage of ciliated tracheal epithelial cells, as determined by immunohistochemistry, was shown to increase linearly between PND 0 and PND 21 ( R2 = 0.94). While directionality measurements detected patches of flow starting at PND 3, uniform flow across the epithelia was not observed until PND 7 at a

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Smith, David J., Thomas D. Montenegro-Johnson, and Susana S. Lopes. "Symmetry-Breaking Cilia-Driven Flow in Embryogenesis." Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 51, no. 1 (2019): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-010518-040231.

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The systematic breaking of left–right body symmetry is a familiar feature of human physiology. In humans and many animals, this process originates with asymmetric fluid flow driven by rotating cilia, occurring in a short-lived embryonic organizing structure termed the node. The very low–Reynolds number fluid mechanics of this system is reviewed; important features include how cilia rotation combines with tilt to produce asymmetric flow, boundary effects, time dependence, and the interpretation of particle tracking experiments. The effect of perturbing cilia length and number is discussed and c

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Marshall, Wallace F. "Quantitative High-Throughput Assays for Flagella-Based Motility in Chlamydomonas Using Plate-Well Image Analysis and Transmission Correlation Spectroscopy." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 14, no. 2 (2009): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057108328131.

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Cilia are motile and sensory organelles with important roles in human development, physiology, and disease. Genetic defects in cilia produce a host of disease symptoms, including polycystic kidney disease, hydrocephalus, retinal degeneration, chronic bronchiectasis, infertility, and polydactyly. Currently, there are no known drugs for pharmacological remediation of ciliary defects. Small-molecule modulators of ciliary assembly or function would provide potential lead compounds for drug discovery efforts and would immediately be invaluable tools for a chemical biology approach to studying cilia

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Mottier-Pavie, Violaine, and Timothy L. Megraw. "Drosophila Bld10 Is a Centriolar Protein That Regulates Centriole, Basal Body, and Motile Cilium Assembly." Molecular Biology of the Cell 20, no. 10 (2009): 2605–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e08-11-1115.

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Cilia and flagella play multiple essential roles in animal development and cell physiology. Defective cilium assembly or motility represents the etiological basis for a growing number of human diseases. Therefore, how cilia and flagella assemble and the processes that drive motility are essential for understanding these diseases. Here we show that Drosophila Bld10, the ortholog of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Bld10p and human Cep135, is a ubiquitous centriolar protein that also localizes to the spermatid basal body. Mutants that lack Bld10 assemble centrioles and form functional centrosomes, but

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Way, Carl M., Daniel J. Hornbach, Tony Deneka, and Russell A. Whitehead. "A description of the ultrastructure of the gills of freshwater bivalves, including a new structure, the frontal cirrus." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 2 (1989): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-053.

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The archetypical gill structure of lamellibranch bivalves has been the focus of research concerning the feeding mechanisms of these clams. In recent years there has been debate over whether the lamellibranch gill acts as a sieve or whether the gill ciliature produces hydromechanical shear forces for the capture of particles during feeding. In corbiculacean bivalves, the gill shows considerable interspecific variability in the integrity of the ciliary tracts. A novel ciliary structure, the frontal cirrus that varies in organization, distribution, and abundance in the three species studied, has

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Banizs, Boglarka, Peter Komlosi, Mark O. Bevensee, Erik M. Schwiebert, Phillip D. Bell, and Bradley K. Yoder. "Altered pHi regulation and Na+/HCO3− transporter activity in choroid plexus of cilia-defective Tg737orpk mutant mouse." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 292, no. 4 (2007): C1409—C1416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00408.2006.

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Tg737 orpk mice have defects in cilia assembly and develop hydrocephalus in the perinatal period of life. Hydrocephalus is progressive and is thought to be initiated by abnormal ion and water transport across the choroid plexus epithelium. The pathology is further aggravated by the slow and disorganized beating of motile cilia on ependymal cells that contribute to decreased cerebrospinal fluid movement through the ventricles. Previously, we demonstrated that the hydrocephalus phenotype is associated with a marked increase in intracellular cAMP levels in choroid plexus epithelium, which is know

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KORCHAGINA, Tatyana. "THE ECOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FEATURES AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION OF INFUSORIA FAUNA IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE STOMACH OF EUROPEAN ELK (ALCES ALCES) LIVING IN THE OMSK AND CHELYABINSK REGIONS OF RUSSIA." Periódico Tchê Química 17, no. 36 (2020): 816–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.831_periodico36_pgs_816_830.pdf.

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Elk (Alces alces L.) are the largest animals in the deer family and an important commercial and hunting animal in Russia. Since ancient times, elk have offered nutritious meat and valuable hides. For this reason, there are repeated attempts to domesticate elk. However, the domestication of elk and their implementation on farms has not gone beyond experimental farms. This is mostly due to the elk’s digestion's unexplored physiology, including the role of endobiont ciliates. The elk’s diet is very diverse and includes shoots, leaves, the bark of various tree species and shrubs, multiple herbs, r

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Uspenskaya, Yu A., A. V. Morgun, E. D. Osipova, S. K. Antonova, and A. B. Salmina. "Brain ependymocytes in neurogenesis and maintaining integrity of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier." Fundamental and Clinical Medicine 4, no. 3 (2019): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2019-4-3-83-94.

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Here we review the physiology of brain ependymocytes which produce cerebrospinal fluid, regulate neurogenic niches, and contribute to neurogenesis in health and disease. We particularly focus on cilia as these organelles are pivotal to ensure the normal functioning of ependymocytes. The functional activity of ependymocytes is largely defined by their localisation in the central nervous system. Further studies of ependymal cell biology are required to better understand the mechanisms of neurological disorders and to discover novel therapeutic strategies aimed at correcting neurodegeneration and

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Masyuk, Tatyana V., Anatoliy I. Masyuk, and Nicholas F. LaRusso. "TGR5 in the Cholangiociliopathies." Digestive Diseases 33, no. 3 (2015): 420–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000371696.

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A plasma membrane-bound G protein-coupled receptor, TGR5, that transmits bile acid signaling into a cellular response primarily via the cAMP pathway is expressed in human and rodent cholangiocytes and is localized to multiple, diverse subcellular compartments, including primary cilia. Ciliary-associated TGR5 plays an important role in cholangiocyte physiology and may contribute to a group of liver diseases referred to as the ‘cholangiociliopathies', which include polycystic liver disease (PLD) and, possibly, cholangiocarcinoma and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Based on our observations that

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Patzke, Sebastian, Sambra Redick, Abdirashid Warsame, et al. "CSPP Is a Ciliary Protein Interacting with Nephrocystin 8 and Required for Cilia Formation." Molecular Biology of the Cell 21, no. 15 (2010): 2555–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e09-06-0503.

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We described previously the cell cycle- and microtubule-related functions of two splice isoforms of the centrosome spindle pole-associated protein (CSPP and CSPP-L). Here, we show that endogenous CSPP isoforms not only localize to centrosomes and the midbody in cycling cells but also extend to the cilia axoneme in postmitotic resting cells. They are required for ciliogenesis in hTERT-RPE1 cells in vitro and are expressed in ciliated renal, retinal, and respiratory cells in vivo. We report that CSPP isoforms require their common C-terminal domain to interact with Nephrocystin 8 (NPHP8/RPGRIP1L)

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Hu, Chunyan, Jayalakshmi Lakshmipathi, Elizabeth Binning, Kelly A. Hyndman, Deborah Stuart, and Donald E. Kohan. "Sex-Dependent Effects of Nephron Ift88 Disruption on BP, Renal Function, and Cystogenesis." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 32, no. 9 (2021): 2210–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.2020111571.

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BackgroundPrimary cilia regulation of renal function and BP in health and disease is incompletely understood. This study investigated the effect of nephron ciliary loss on renal physiology, BP, and ensuing cystogenesis.MethodsMice underwent doxycycline (DOX)-inducible nephron-specific knockout (KO) of the Ift88 gene at 2 months of age using a Cre-LoxP strategy. BP, kidney function, and renal pathology were studied 2 and 9 months after DOX (Ift88 KO) or vehicle (control).ResultsAt 2 months post-DOX, male, but not female, Ift88 KO, compared with sex-matched control, mice had reduced BP, enhanced

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Nguyen, Thanh Khoa, Sophia Baker, Julienne Angtuaco, et al. "Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Regulates Zebrafish Renal Multiciliated Cell Development via cAMP Signaling." Journal of Developmental Biology 13, no. 2 (2025): 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/jdb13020020.

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Endocannabinoid signaling plays a significant role in neurogenesis and nervous system physiology, but its roles in the development of other tissues are just beginning to be appreciated. Previous reports have shown the presence of the key endocannabinoid receptor Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1 or Cnr1) in multiciliated (MCC) tissues and its upregulation in kidney diseases, yet the relationship between Cnr1 and renal MCC development is unknown. Here, we report that Cnr1 is essential for cilia development across tissues and regulates renal MCCs via cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling during zebrafish embryo

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Aleksandrovych, Veronika, Anna Wrona, Tomasz Bereza, Kazimierz Pityński, and Krzysztof Gil. "Oviductal Telocytes in Patients with Uterine Myoma." Biomedicines 9, no. 8 (2021): 1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9081060.

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Tubal factor infertility occurs in 30–35% of infertile pairs and may be caused by impaired muscular contractility and ciliary beating as well as immunological imbalance and chronic inflammation. Newly discovered telocytes (TCs) have a wide palette of features, which play a role in oviduct physiology. We have observed tissue samples from human fallopian tubes in patients with and without uterine myoma by immunolabelling. According to the immunohistochemical co-expression of markers, it has been determined that TCs are engaged in a wide range of physiological processes, including local innervati

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McNally, Francis J., and Antonina Roll-Mecak. "Microtubule-severing enzymes: From cellular functions to molecular mechanism." Journal of Cell Biology 217, no. 12 (2018): 4057–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201612104.

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Microtubule-severing enzymes generate internal breaks in microtubules. They are conserved in eukaryotes from ciliates to mammals, and their function is important in diverse cellular processes ranging from cilia biogenesis to cell division, phototropism, and neurogenesis. Their mutation leads to neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders in humans. All three known microtubule-severing enzymes, katanin, spastin, and fidgetin, are members of the meiotic subfamily of AAA ATPases that also includes VPS4, which disassembles ESCRTIII polymers. Despite their conservation and importance to cell

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ASHUTOSH, TRIPATHY, ZVIMAN MENEKHEM, and TI TIEN H. "Reconstitution of Brain Microsomal Calcium Channels and Olfactory Epithelium Cilia in Planar Bilayer Lipid Membrane Systems." Journal Of Indian Chemical Society Vol.66, Aug-Oct 1989 (1989): 647–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6010448.

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Membrane Biophysics Laboratory (Giltner Hall), Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, U.S.A. Two types of reconstitution experiments are described. One involves the study of single Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels from rat brain microsomal membrane reconstituted at the tip of a patch clamp micropipette. The single channel conductance is found to be 80 and 125 ps in 50 m<em>M</em> ca<sup>2+</sup> . The open-time distribution follows a single exponential with a time constant(т) of 7.34 ms. Further characterisation of this channel is in progress.

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Schenk, Laura K., Bjoern Buchholz, Sebastian F. Henke, et al. "Nephron-specific knockout of TMEM16A leads to reduced number of glomeruli and albuminuria." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 315, no. 6 (2018): F1777—F1786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00638.2017.

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TMEM16A is a transmembrane protein from a conserved family of calcium-activated proteins that is highly expressed in the kidney. TMEM16A confers calcium-activated chloride channel activity, which is of importance for various cellular functions in secretory epithelia and involved in secretion-dependent renal cyst growth. However, its specific function in renal physiology has remained elusive so far. Therefore, we generated conditional nephron-specific TMEM16A-knockout mice and found that these animals suffered from albuminuria. Kidney histology demonstrated an intact corticomedullary differenti

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Volkov, Alexander G., Kunning G. Xu, and Vladimir I. Kolobov. "Plasma-generated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can lead to closure, locking and constriction of the Dionaea muscipula Ellis trap." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 16, no. 150 (2019): 20180713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0713.

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Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) can influence plant signalling, physiology and development. We have previously observed that an argon plasma jet in atmospheric air can activate plant movements and morphing structures in the Venus flytrap and Mimosa pudica similar to stimulation of their mechanosensors in vivo. In this paper, we found that the Venus flytrap can be activated by plasma jets without direct contact of plasma with the lobe, midrib or cilia. The observed effects are attributed to RONS, which are generated by argon and helium plasma jets in atmospheric air. We also found t

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Abuin, Liliane, Benoîte Bargeton, Maximilian H. Ulbrich, Ehud Y. Isacoff, Stephan Kellenberger, and Richard Benton. "Functional architecture of olfactory ionotropic glutamate receptors." Neuron 69, no. 1 (2011): 44–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.042.

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VIDEO ABSTRACT: Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate chemical communication between neurons at synapses. A variant iGluR subfamily, the Ionotropic Receptors (IRs), was recently proposed to detect environmental volatile chemicals in olfactory cilia. Here, we elucidate how these peripheral chemosensors have evolved mechanistically from their iGluR ancestors. Using a Drosophila model, we demonstrate that IRs act in combinations of up to three subunits, comprising individual odor-specific receptors and one or two broadly expressed coreceptors. Heterome

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Villalobo, Eduardo, Gabriel Gutiérrez, and Antonio Villalobo. "Calmodulin in Paramecium: Focus on Genomic Data." Microorganisms 10, no. 10 (2022): 1915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10101915.

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Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal second messenger that plays a key role in cellular signaling. However, Ca2+ signals are transduced with the help of Ca2+-binding proteins, which serve as sensors, transducers, and elicitors. Among the collection of these Ca2+-binding proteins, calmodulin (CaM) emerged as the prototypical model in eukaryotic cells. This is a small protein that binds four Ca2+ ions and whose functions are multiple, controlling many essential aspects of cell physiology. CaM is universally distributed in eukaryotes, from multicellular organisms, such as human and land plants, to unice

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Tarragó Castellanos, Rosario, Maria Mendoza Delgado, Lorena Ruiz Valderrama, et al. "Alterations in the Morphology of the Testis and Epididymis Caused by the Consumption of Hyperlipidic Diets in Wistar Rats." Life 15, no. 6 (2025): 959. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15060959.

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Obesity is considered a metabolic disease, in which leptin is used as an indicator of energy in the body. This hormone, in turn, is related to the neuroendocrine regulation of the reproductive axis. However, leptin excess secretion due to obesity can have a negative effect on reproduction. Overweight and obesity were induced through high-calorie diets. Lee and gonadosomatic indices were determined to characterize the model and degree of reproductive development in the testis and epididymis. Sperm quality was analyzed using spermatobioscopy. Morphometry was analyzed through histological analysi

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Carmona, Bruno, H. Susana Marinho, Catarina Lopes Matos, Sofia Nolasco, and Helena Soares. "Tubulin Post-Translational Modifications: The Elusive Roles of Acetylation." Biology 12, no. 4 (2023): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12040561.

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Microtubules (MTs), dynamic polymers of α/β-tubulin heterodimers found in all eukaryotes, are involved in cytoplasm spatial organization, intracellular transport, cell polarity, migration and division, and in cilia biology. MTs functional diversity depends on the differential expression of distinct tubulin isotypes and is amplified by a vast number of different post-translational modifications (PTMs). The addition/removal of PTMs to α- or β-tubulins is catalyzed by specific enzymes and allows combinatory patterns largely enriching the distinct biochemical and biophysical properties of MTs, cre

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Pisapia, Francesca, Donovan O’Brien, Elena Tasinato, Kathryn L. Garner, and Colin D. A. Brown. "Development of a Highly Differentiated Human Primary Proximal Tubule MPS Model (aProximate MPS Flow)." Bioengineering 11, no. 1 (2023): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11010007.

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The kidney proximal tubule (PT) mediates renal drug elimination in vivo and is a major site of drug-induced toxicity. To reliably assess drug efficacy, it is crucial to construct a model in which PT functions are replicated. Current animal studies have proven poorly predictive of human outcome. To address this, we developed a physiologically relevant micro-physiological system (MPS) model of the human PT, the aProximate MPS Flow platform (Patent No: G001336.GB). In this model, primary human PT cells (hPTCs) are subjected to fluidic media flow and a shear stress of 0.01–0.2 Pa. We observe that

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Pablo, Juan Lorenzo, Paul G. DeCaen, and David E. Clapham. "Progress in ciliary ion channel physiology." Journal of General Physiology 149, no. 1 (2016): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201611696.

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Mammalian cilia are ubiquitous appendages found on the apical surface of cells. Primary and motile cilia are distinct in both morphology and function. Most cells have a solitary primary cilium (9+0), which lacks the central microtubule doublet characteristic of motile cilia (9+2). The immotile primary cilia house unique signaling components and sequester several important transcription factors. In contrast, motile cilia commonly extend into the lumen of respiratory airways, fallopian tubes, and brain ventricles to move their contents and/or produce gradients. In this review, we focus on the co

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Wang, Shixuan, and Zheng Dong. "Primary cilia and kidney injury: current research status and future perspectives." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 305, no. 8 (2013): F1085—F1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00399.2013.

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Cilia, membrane-enclosed organelles protruding from the apical side of cells, can be divided into two classes: motile and primary cilia. During the past decades, motile cilia have been intensively studied. However, it was not until the 1990s that people began to realize the importance of primary cilia as cellular-specific sensors, particularly in kidney tubular epithelial cells. Furthermore, accumulating evidence indicates that primary cilia may be involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and planar cell polarity. Many signaling pathways, such as Wnt, Notch

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Siroky, Brian J., William B. Ferguson, Amanda L. Fuson, et al. "Loss of primary cilia results in deregulated and unabated apical calcium entry in ARPKD collecting duct cells." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 290, no. 6 (2006): F1320—F1328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00463.2005.

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Recent genetic analysis has identified a pivotal role of primary cilia in the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease (PKD). However, little is known regarding how cilia loss/dysfunction contributes to cyst development. In epithelial cells, changes in apical fluid flow induce cilia-mediated Ca2+ entry via polycystin-2 (PC2), a cation channel. The Oak Ridge Polycystic Kidney ( orpk) mouse contains a mutated Tg737 gene that disrupts expression of polaris, a protein required for ciliogenesis. These studies examine the effect of cilia malformation on Ca2+ entry in orpk cilia(−) collecting duct p

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Coaxum, Sonya D., Mary G. Blanton, Alisha Joyner, et al. "Epidermal growth factor-induced proliferation of collecting duct cells from Oak Ridge polycystic kidney mice involves activation of Na+/H+ exchanger." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 307, no. 6 (2014): C554—C560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00188.2014.

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Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is linked to the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease (PKD). We explored signaling pathways activated by EGF in orpk cilia (−) collecting duct cell line derived from a mouse model of PKD (hypomorph of the Tg737/ Ift88 gene) with severely stunted cilia, and in a control orpk cilia (+) cell line with normal cilia. RT-PCR demonstrated mRNAs for EGF receptor subunits ErbB1, ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4, and mRNAs for Na+/H+ exchangers (NHE), NHE-1, NHE-2, NHE-3, NHE-4, and NHE-5 in both cell lines. EGF stimulated proton efflux in both cell lines. This effect was significa

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Jenkins, P. M., D. P. McEwen, and J. R. Martens. "Olfactory Cilia: Linking Sensory Cilia Function and Human Disease." Chemical Senses 34, no. 5 (2009): 451–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjp020.

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Jordaens, L., S. Valckx, P. E. J. Bols, and J. L. M. R. Leroy. "2 ELEVATED NONESTERIFIED FATTY ACID CONCENTRATIONS HAMPER IN VITRO BOVINE OVIDUCTAL EPITHELIAL CELL PHYSIOLOGY." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, no. 1 (2015): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv27n1ab2.

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Elevated nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) have been recognised as an important link between lipolysis-based metabolic conditions and impaired fertility in high-yielding dairy cattle. However, NEFA effects on the oviductal micro-environment currently remain unknown. We hypothesise that elevated NEFAs may contribute to the complex pathology of subfertility and infertility by exerting a negative effect on bovine oviductal epithelial cell (BOEC) physiology. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to elucidate NEFA toxicity effects on BOEC, both qualitatively and morphologically, by assessing

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Rondanino, Christine, Paul A. Poland, Carol L. Kinlough, et al. "Galectin-7 modulates the length of the primary cilia and wound repair in polarized kidney epithelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 301, no. 3 (2011): F622—F633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00134.2011.

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Galectins (Gal) are β-galactoside-binding proteins that function in epithelial development and homeostasis. An overlapping role for Gal-3 and Gal-7 in wound repair was reported in stratified epithelia. Although Gal-7 was thought absent in simple epithelia, it was reported in a proteomic analysis of cilia isolated from cultured human airway, and we recently identified Gal-7 transcripts in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells (Poland PA, Rondanino C, Kinlough CL, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Arthur CM, Stowell SR, Smith DF, Hughey RP. J Biol Chem 286: 6780–6790, 2011). We now report that Gal-7 is loca

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Masyuk, Anatoliy I., Sergio A. Gradilone, Jesus M. Banales, et al. "Cholangiocyte primary cilia are chemosensory organelles that detect biliary nucleotides via P2Y12 purinergic receptors." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 295, no. 4 (2008): G725—G734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.90265.2008.

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Cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells lining intrahepatic bile ducts, contain primary cilia, which are mechano- and osmosensory organelles detecting changes in bile flow and osmolality and transducing them into intracellular signals. Here, we asked whether cholangiocyte cilia are chemosensory organelles by testing the expression of P2Y purinergic receptors and components of the cAMP signaling cascade in cilia and their involvement in nucleotide-induced cAMP signaling in the cells. We found that P2Y12 purinergic receptor, adenylyl cyclases (i.e., AC4, AC6, and AC8), and protein kinase A (i.e., P

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Yoder, Bradley K., Albert Tousson, Leigh Millican, et al. "Polaris, a protein disrupted inorpkmutant mice, is required for assembly of renal cilium." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 282, no. 3 (2002): F541—F552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00273.2001.

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Cilia are organelles that play diverse roles, from fluid movement to sensory reception. Polaris, a protein associated with cystic kidney disease in Tg737°rpkmice, functions in a ciliogenic pathway. Here, we explore the role of polaris in primary cilia on Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. The results indicate that polaris localization and solubility change dramatically during cilia formation. These changes correlate with the formation of basal bodies and large protein rafts at the apical surface of the epithelia. A cortical collecting duct cell line has been derived from mice with a mutation in

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Saigusa, Takamitsu, Qiang Yue, Marlene A. Bunni, P. Darwin Bell, and Douglas C. Eaton. "Loss of primary cilia increases polycystin-2 and TRPV4 and the appearance of a nonselective cation channel in the mouse cortical collecting duct." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 317, no. 3 (2019): F632—F637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00210.2019.

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Flow-related bending of cilia results in Ca2+ influx through a polycystin-1 (Pkd1) and polycystin-2 (Pkd2) complex, both of which are members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family (TRPP1 and TRPP2, respectively). Deletion of this complex as well as cilia result in polycystic kidney disease. The Ca2+ influx pathway has been previously characterized in immortalized collecting duct cells without cilia and found to be a 23-pS channel that was a multimere of TRPP2 and TRPV4. The purpose of the present study was to determine if this TRPP2 and TRPV4 multimere exists in vivo. Apical channel

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Kuek, Li Eon, and Robert J. Lee. "First contact: the role of respiratory cilia in host-pathogen interactions in the airways." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 319, no. 4 (2020): L603—L619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00283.2020.

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Respiratory cilia are the driving force of the mucociliary escalator, working in conjunction with secreted airway mucus to clear inhaled debris and pathogens from the conducting airways. Respiratory cilia are also one of the first contact points between host and inhaled pathogens. Impaired ciliary function is a common pathological feature in patients with chronic airway diseases, increasing susceptibility to respiratory infections. Common respiratory pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and fungi, have been shown to target cilia and/or ciliated airway epithelial cells, resulting in a disrup

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Fujii, Rie, Sho Hasegawa, Hiroshi Maekawa, et al. "Decreased IFT88 expression with primary cilia shortening causes mitochondrial dysfunction in cisplatin-induced tubular injury." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 321, no. 3 (2021): F278—F292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00673.2020.

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Here, we demonstrated organelle cross talk between primary cilia and mitochondria of proximal tubular cells in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. The primary cilia-mitochondria interaction may open new avenues for the development of novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of acute kidney injury.

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Tilley, Ann E., Matthew S. Walters, Renat Shaykhiev, and Ronald G. Crystal. "Cilia Dysfunction in Lung Disease." Annual Review of Physiology 77, no. 1 (2015): 379–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021014-071931.

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Adler, Elizabeth M. "Of cilia, titin, and neurosteroids." Journal of General Physiology 143, no. 2 (2014): 137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201411161.

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Li, Yan-Hui, Dong Zhu, Zongbing Cao, Yanwei Liu, Jian Sun, and Lei Tan. "Primary cilia respond to intermittent low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration and mediate vibration-induced effects in osteoblasts." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 318, no. 1 (2020): C73—C82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00273.2019.

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Our objective was to investigate the role of primary cilia in low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) treatment of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts (OBs). We used chloral hydrate (CH), which has a well-characterized function in chemically removing primary cilia, to elucidate the role of primary cilia in LMHFV-induced OB osteogenic responses through cell viability assay, Western blot analysis, real-time quantitative RT-PCR, and histochemical staining methods. We observed a significant, 30% decrease in the number of MC3T3-E1 OBs with primary cilia (reduced from 64.3 ± 5%) and an approximately 50% re

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Gilley, Sandra K., Antine E. Stenbit, Raymond C. Pasek, et al. "Deletion of airway cilia results in noninflammatory bronchiectasis and hyperreactive airways." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 306, no. 2 (2014): L162—L169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00095.2013.

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The mechanisms for the development of bronchiectasis and airway hyperreactivity have not been fully elucidated. Although genetic, acquired diseases and environmental influences may play a role, it is also possible that motile cilia can influence this disease process. We hypothesized that deletion of a key intraflagellar transport molecule, IFT88, in mature mice causes loss of cilia, resulting in airway remodeling. Airway cilia were deleted by knockout of IFT88, and airway remodeling and pulmonary function were evaluated. In IFT88− mice there was a substantial loss of airway cilia on respirator

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Raychowdhury, Malay K., Arnolt J. Ramos, Peng Zhang, et al. "Vasopressin receptor-mediated functional signaling pathway in primary cilia of renal epithelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 296, no. 1 (2009): F87—F97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.90509.2008.

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The primary cilium of renal epithelial cells is a nonmotile sensory organelle, implicated in mechanosensory transduction signals. Recent studies from our laboratory indicate that renal epithelial primary cilia display abundant channel activity; however, the presence and functional role of specific membrane receptors in this organelle are heretofore unknown. Here, we determined a functional signaling pathway associated with the type 2 vasopressin receptor (V2R) in primary cilia of renal epithelial cells. Besides their normal localization on basolateral membrane, V2R was expressed in primary cil

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You, Yingjian, Tao Huang, Edward J. Richer, et al. "Role of f-box factor foxj1 in differentiation of ciliated airway epithelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 286, no. 4 (2004): L650—L657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00170.2003.

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Factors required for commitment of an undifferentiated airway epithelial cell to a ciliated cell are unknown. Cell ultrastructure analysis indicates ciliated cell commitment activates a multistage program involving synthesis of cilia precursor proteins and assembly of macromolecular complexes. Foxj1 is an f-box transcription factor expressed in ciliated cells and shown to be required for cilia formation by gene deletion in a mouse model. To identify a specific role for foxj1 in directing the ciliated cell phenotype, we evaluated the capacity of foxj1 to induce ciliogenesis and direct cilia ass

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Ma, Weiyuan, Shai D. Silberberg, and Zvi Priel. "Distinct Axonemal Processes Underlie Spontaneous and Stimulated Airway Ciliary Activity." Journal of General Physiology 120, no. 6 (2002): 875–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.20028695.

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Cilia are small organelles protruding from the cell surface that beat synchronously, producing biological transport. Despite intense research for over a century, the mechanisms underlying ciliary beating are still not well understood. Even the nature of the cytosolic molecules required for spontaneous and stimulated beating is debatable. In an effort to resolve fundamental questions related to cilia beating, we developed a method that integrates the whole-cell mode of the patch-clamp technique with ciliary beat frequency measurements on a single cell. This method enables to control the composi

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Antolin, Salome, Johannes Reisert, and Hugh R. Matthews. "Olfactory response termination involves Ca2+-ATPase in vertebrate olfactory receptor neuron cilia." Journal of General Physiology 135, no. 4 (2010): 367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200910337.

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In vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), odorant-induced activation of the transduction cascade culminates in production of cyclic AMP, which opens cyclic nucleotide–gated channels in the ciliary membrane enabling Ca2+ influx. The ensuing elevation of the intraciliary Ca2+ concentration opens Ca2+-activated Cl− channels, which mediate an excitatory Cl− efflux from the cilia. In order for the response to terminate, the Cl− channel must close, which requires that the intraciliary Ca2+ concentration return to basal levels. Hitherto, the extrusion of Ca2+ from the cilia has been thought to

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