Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ciment à base de laitier'
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Petitpain, Marjorie. "Bétons à faible impact environnemental pour l’industrie du béton : accélération du durcissement de bétons à base de liants ternaires." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10160/document.
Full textThis study is part of the action program of the french concrete industry; it aims finding innovative solutions of concrete with low environmental impact, which allow to get technical and economic performances at least equivalent to those of the traditional concretes. To answer this issue, the study of ternary binders, made of Portland cement CEM I, blast furnace slag and limestone addition, was realized by optimizing the means that are available in precast industry to accelerate their hardening: use of a thermal treatment, use of chemical activators and optimization of the mixture’s compactness. Thermal treatment proves to be the most powerful lever of action. The developed solutions (material and process) obtain a much better economic-environmental balance compared to a control concrete whose binder is composed of Portland cement CEM I
Darquennes, Aveline. "Comportement au jeune âge de bétons formulés à base de ciment au laitier de haut-fourneau en condition de déformations libre et restreinte." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210239.
Full text1. Lors du suivi du retrait restreint à l’aide de l’essai à l’anneau en condition de dessiccation, le béton formulé à base de ciment au laitier de haut-fourneau a fissuré bien avant le béton formulé à base de ciment Portland.
2. Le retrait total en condition libre du béton formulé à base de ciment au laitier de haut-fourneau est nettement supérieur à celui du béton formulé à base de ciment Portland. Cette différence de comportement est principalement due à l’accroissement rapide et plus élevé du retrait endogène des bétons formulés à base de ciment au laitier de haut-fourneau.
Au vu de ces résultats expérimentaux, il a semblé intéressant de déterminer quel était l’impact de la déformation endogène des bétons formulés à base de ciments au laitier de haut-fourneau (CEM III) sur leur sensibilité à la fissuration. Afin de répondre à cette question, les déformations différées (retrait endogène, fluage propre en compression et en traction) au jeune âge de trois compositions de béton avec différentes teneurs en laitier (0, 42 et 71%) ont été étudiées expérimentalement en conditions libre et restreinte. Cependant, le suivi du retrait endogène libre et restreint a nécessité le développement de plusieurs dispositifs expérimentaux limitant au maximum les artefacts de mesure, tels que la TSTM (Temperature Stress Testing Machine). De plus, l’interprétation de ces résultats expérimentaux a également nécessité une caractérisation du comportement de ces matériaux à l’échelle macro- et microscopique.
Finalement, cette étude a montré que malgré une déformation endogène plus élevée, les bétons formulés à base de ciment au laitier de haut-fourneau fissurent après le béton formulé à base de ciment Portland. Ce comportement est dû à :
-l’impact du laitier sur la réaction d’hydratation du matériau cimentaire ;
-la présence d’une expansion de la matrice cimentaire des bétons formulés à base de ciment au laitier de haut-fourneau au jeune âge qui retarde l’apparition des contraintes de traction au sein du matériau ;
-la plus grande capacité de ces matériaux cimentaires à relaxer les contraintes de traction/
Today, the use of concretes with mineral additions (fly ash, slag) for civil engineering structures is spreading worldwide. Indeed, the production of blended cements is more respectful of the environment than the production of Portland cement, because it allows reducing greenhouse gas emissions and using industrial wastes. Slag cement concretes are also largely used for their good resistance to alkali-silica reactions, sulphate attacks and chloride diffusion. However, some of constructions built with slag cement concretes have exhibited cracking at early age due to their restrained deformations, such as thermal, autogenous and drying shrinkage. Following these observations, a preliminary experimental study was realized in the laboratory of BATir Department at ULB. It revealed several characteristics of the behaviour of slag cement concretes:
1. The study of restrained deformations under drying conditions by means of ring tests showed that the slag cement concretes seem more prone to crack than the Portland cement concretes;
2. The total free shrinkage for slag cement concrete is clearly larger than for Portland cement concrete. This difference of behaviour is mainly due to the fast and large increase in the autogenous deformation of the slag cement concrete.
Following these experimental results, the effect of the autogenous deformation on the cracking sensibility of slag cement concretes seemed interesting to investigate. Their deformations (autogenous deformation, compressive and tensile basic creep) have been studied at early age for three concretes characterized by different slag contents (0, 42 and 71%) under free and restrained conditions. For monitoring free and restrained autogenous deformations, several test rigs aimed at limiting artefacts were designed, like the TSTM (Temperature Stress Testing Machine). Moreover, the behaviour of these concretes was also characterized by a study at a macro- and microstructure scale.
Finally, this study shows that the slag cement concretes under sealed and fully restrained conditions crack later than the Portland cement concrete, despite the fact that they are characterized by the largest autogenous deformation. This behaviour is due to:
- the slag effect on the hydration reaction of cementitious material;
- the cement matrix expansion of the slag cement concretes at early age which delays the occurrence of tensile stresses inside the material;
- the largest capacity of this concrete to relax tensile stresses.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Kiiashko, Artur. "Amélioration des propriétés rhéologiques et à jeune âge des laitiers alcali-activés au carbonate de sodium." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN033.
Full textToday, environmental problems are more acute than ever. Urgent measures should be taken in all spheres of human activity including construction and civil engineering. One of the major contributors of negative environmental impacts from this industry is the manufacturing of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) required for concrete and other cementitious materials production. Although its importance to economical development, it has a significant drawback - its production is accompanied by the emission of large quantities of greenhouse gases. They account for 5-8% of total world CO2 emissions. More environmentally friendly cementitious materials are now required.Significant reductions of the environmental impact can be achieved only through the use of new-generation binders whose manufacture does not require a lot of additional processes and treatments. One route is through the use of industrial wastes as binders (different slags, fly ash, biomass bottom ash, etc.). In this way there is not only a reduction in the impact of processes such as mining or calcination, but also the recycling of waste materials (circular economy principle).One possibility is to use ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as the basis for such a new generation cement. Due to its rather low reactivity with water, additional supplements (also called activators) should be used to promote the hydration process. One of the most promising, and at the same time least studied, activators is sodium carbonate (Na2CO3). Such alkali-activated cements present high mechanical and durability properties, as well as a very low CO2 footprint. Among the main problems hindering its industrial scale adoption are their poor rheology and too slow strength gain within the first days of hardening.The objective of the present thesis is to develop a new binder based on Na2CO3 activated GGBS that would meet all the modern requirements of the construction industry, in particular regarding the rheological properties and early age strength development. In addition this binder should always respond to at least three main criteria: low environmental impact, low health and safety concerns in field applications, and be economically competitive at industrial scale.In the present work, the influence of different parameters like water/binder ratio, Na2CO3 concentration, slag fineness and curing conditions on both early age and long term properties of the mixture were studied. Based on the results of the hydration process analysis, phosphonate based additives that allow for the effective control of the rheology of such binders were successfully tested. They not only allow control over the setting time, but also provide a plasticizing effect.Regarding the improvement of early age strength properties, various methods have been used. The use of heat treatment or an increase of GGBS fineness turned out to be efficient. Exploring the causes of the long induction period has shown that acceleration can also be achieved by the addition of a calcium source with controlled dissolution kinetics. As a result, the binder became more reactive and robust against certain factors (activator concentration, Water/Binder ratio, curing conditions, etc.). To compensate for the additional carbon footprint from the added calcium source, the binder was successfully diluted by limestone without any degradation of the properties below some dilution percentages
Michel, Marie. "Accélération de ciment au laitier par du ciment sulfo-alumineux." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0115/these.pdf.
Full textThe use of supplementary cementing materials such as blast furnace slag, in cements contributes to reduce their environmental impact. The industrial development of slag cements is slowed down by their limited early-age mechanical performances and high drying shrinkage. The present study deals with the acceleration of two slag cements: a slag cement CEM III A and a slag cement containing 83,5% blast furnace slag and 15,5% anhydrite. The acceleration results of the partial replacement of slag cement by calcium sulfoaluminate cement. The hydration of calcium sulfoaluminate cement yields ettringite which allows the cement to develop high early strength. Furthermore, drying shrinkage is limited. The presence of Portland clinker in the slag cements is responsible of quick setting time and quick hardening of the mortar due to the activation of yeelimite, the main component of calcium sulfoaluminate clinker, by portlandite yielded by the hydration of calcium silicate phases. To compensate the limited time of workability, some setting time retarders are introduced but they reduce the medium-term mechanical performances. The presence of Portland clinker has detrimental effect at early age, but increases the medium-term activation of slag and therefore leads to an important improvement of strength. The content of each component (slag cement, calcium sulfoaluminate cement and Portland clinker, and calcium sulphate) is optimized by the evaluation of mechanical performances. To follow the process of hydration of binders, XRD and DTA-TGA analyses have been carried out on cement pastes
Martin, Isabelle. "Développement d'une matrice à base d'aluminate de calcium pour la cimentation de boues issues de la décontamination d'effluents actifs." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30186/document.
Full textNuclear industry generated waste including radioactive wastes, which have different forms and origins. The wastes produced by reprocessing of nuclear fuel are characterized by important water content, by high pH and temperature sensitivity. The cementation in ettringite systems might be a promising solution to solidify radioactive wastes. Mixtures of Calcium Aluminate Cement (CAC) and calcium sulfate are planned to be used, instead of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), to form a significant amount of ettringite able to catch water molecules when forming. Moreover, due to the low pH of CAC-based matrices, the latter have a good compatibility with the compounds used to stabilize active elements. Initially, the stability of the sorbent of cesium used in this study was tested in different pH environments (2 to 14) and temperature. Chemical analysis and different microstructural characterizations like X-ray diffraction, FTIR and SEM-EDS have allowed to set stability limits of ettringite systems. Then microstructural study on binary systems composed by mixture of CAC/calcium sulfate (hemihydrate and/or anhydrite) was realized to characterize ettringite stability during the time of hydration. Low pH properties were checked by chemical pore solutions analysis. However, the heat generated by hydration and the possible formation of expansive systems require an increase of e/s ratio and additional components like Ground Granulated Furnace Slag (GGBS). These two parameters were studied subsequently. Microstructural study of GGBS reactivity and the modification of ettringite assemblage were showed that GGBS act as filler at early time of hydration. To promote the GGBS reactivity at long term of hydration by alkaline and sulfate activation, different nature of calcium sulfate was used. Then the microstructural characteristic of this ternary system in presence of different e/s ratio was studied. Finally, different information on the effect of formulation parameters obtained led to the development of tests on formulations containing an inert simulated waste and enriched in chlorides. Systematic tests of fluidity, mechanical strength and for some expansion and heat generation should identify a series of mixtures adapted to test prototype to industrial scale for cementing wastes
Saric-Coric, Mladenka. "Interactions superplastifiant-laiter dans les ciments au laitier : propriétés du béton." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2002.
Find full textSalesses, Bernard. "Durabilité des matrices ciment Portland - laitier de haut-fourneau activées par des chlorures." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30297.
Full textGround granulated blast-furnace slags (GGBS) are used in cements in particular because of the overall improvement in the durability of building materials. However, binders with a high content of GGBS have a slower hydration and thus a development of mechanical strength slower than Portland cements (PC). Solutions exist to accelerate the hardening of GGBS-based binders, including the use of chemical activators based on chlorides. The effects of activation on the mechanical strength developments of PC/GGBS blends are discussed in the literature, but the durability of these systems is not very developed. This thesis aims to evaluate the consequences of the use of chlorides activators on the durability of binders containing 50% of GGBS. Firstly, an analysis of the durability indicators shows how the activator modifies the transfer properties of the hardened material as well as the structuring of the porous network. This allows to verify that the activation at early age does not decrease the long-term durability of concretes with GGBS. Then, a study of the corrosion state of steels in these blends is realized to evaluate the impact of chlorides activators, known to initiate corrosion in reinforced concrete. Electrochemical tests coupled with direct observation as well as a microstructural study on how interact chlorides in the cement matrix are carried out. The ability of GGBS-based blends to bind chlorides in hydrates is studied in particular. Finally, the behavior of binded chlorides is analyzed, in the case where the carbonation would destabilize the hydrates. The impact of a possible release of chlorides is evaluated using a coupled model carbonation / chloride diffusion
Khokhar, Muhammad Irfan Ahmad. "Optimisation of concrete mix design with high content of mineral additions : effect on microstructure, hydration and shrinkahe." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECDN0048.
Full textThe cement being used in the construction industry is the result of a chemical process linked to the decarbonation of limestone conducted at high temperature and results in a significant release of CO2. This thesis is part of the project EcoBéton (Green concrete) funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR), with a purpose to show the feasibility of high substitution of cement by mineral additions such as blast furnaces slag, fly ash and limestone fillers. Generally for high percentages of replacements, the early age strength is lower than Portland cement concrete. To cope with this problem, an optimisation method for mix design of concrete using Bolomey’s law has been proposed. Following the encouraging results obtained from mortar, a series of tests on concretes with different substitution percentages were carried out to validate the optimisation method. To meet the requirements of the construction industry related to performance of concrete at early age, which determine their durability, a complete experimental study was carried out. Standard tests for the characterization of the mechanical properties (compressive strength, tensile strength, and setting) allowed to validate the choice of mix design on the basis of equivalent performance. We focused on the hydration process to understand the evolution of the mechanical properties. Setting time measurement by ultrasound device at different temperatures (10°C, 20°C and 30°C) showed that ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and fly ash delayed the setting process, while use of limestone filler may accelerate this process. Calorimetric studies over mortars and concretes made possible to calculate the activation energy of the different mixtures and a decrease in heat of hydration of concretes with mineral additions was observed which is beneficial for use in mega projects of concrete. Scanning Electron Microscopy observations and thermal analysis have given enough information about the hydration process. It was observed that the hydration products are similar for different concrete mixtures, but the time of their appearance and quantity in the cement matrix varies for each concrete mix. Last part of the thesis was dedicated to the study of main types of shrinkage. First of all, deformations measured were correlated to hydration, capillary depression and porosity evolution. Results allowed concluding that the use of mineral additions has an actual effect on the plastic shrinkage behaviour, but its impact is not proportional to the percentage of additions. Substitution of cement by the additions seems to have a marked influence on the kinetics of the shrinkage without any effect on its long term amplitude. The study of restrained shrinkage under drying conditions by means of ring tests showed that concretes with high percentage of slag addition seem more prone to cracking than the Portland cement concretes
Lognot, Isabelle. "Etude de l'hydratation de laitier de hauts fourneaux et de ses produits en présence de différents activants. Applications aux coulis d'injection." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOS011.
Full textBertron, Alexandra. "Durabilité des matériaux cimentaires soumis aux acides organiques : cas particulier des effluents d'élevage." Toulouse, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAT0030.
Full textIn many countries, highly concentrated farming areas are the place of environmental problems linked with the production of manure such as silage effluents or liquid manure. Hence, manure need to be stored in water-tight silos often made of concrete. But, these products contain both organic acids and micro-organisms and constitute a chemically severe environment toward the concrete of agricultural structures since the pH of silage effluent is of 4 and the pH of liquid manure is between 6 and 8. This work aimed at analysing the alteration mechanisms of cement based matrixes by manure’ organic acids, as well as breaking down the binders’ composition parameters favouring the durability. Tests such as leaching, immersion and semi-immersion of pastes and/or mortars made with ordinary and special cements were implemented. Mixes of manure organic acids at pH of 4 and/or 6 were first used in order to simulate the acidic part of liquid manure. Physical and chemical changes as well as modifications in the microstructure of the cement pastes were analysed by porosimetry, electron microprobe, XRD, ATD/DTG, NMR 29Si and 27Al, SEM… Moreover, a comparative study was lead on different binders (ordinary Portland cement, slag cement, aluminous cement…). Then, specimens were immersed in real effluents in order to identify the role of the bacteria in the alteration. It was shown that the attack by manure organic acids may be compared to the one of strong acids. Ordinary binders have equivalent behaviour and aluminous cement offer slightly better performances. In liquid manure, the bacteria’ respiration provokes the carbonation of the matrix
Van, Rompaey Gilles. "Etude de la réactivité des ciments riches en laitier, à basse température et à temps court, sans ajout chloruré." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210780.
Full textPar ailleurs, au cours de ces dernières années, certaines considérations telles que le réchauffement climatique et le développement durable ont mis à mal les industries qui émettent des gaz à effets de serre et qui sont grosses consommatrices d’énergie.
Or, la production de ciment Portland n’est pas uniquement consommatrice de calcaires, d’argiles, de marnes et de combustibles fossiles, elle produit et libère ces gaz à effets de serre tels que le dioxyde de carbone (CO2) et l’hémioxyde nitreux (N2O). Le dioxyde de soufre (SO2), l’acide chlorhydrique (HCl) ainsi que d’autres oxydes d’azote (NOx) sont également émis lors du processus de fabrication du clinker. Le secteur des matériaux de construction contribue de façon importante aux émissions de CO2, le principal responsable du réchauffement climatique.
La problématique majeure de l’industrie cimentière provient d’un simple processus chimique de transformation :la décarbonatation du calcaire ou de la craie, débutant vers 550°C, qui forme de la chaux (CaO) et qui libère du dioxyde de carbone selon la réaction suivante :
CaCO3 =\
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation géologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Crépault, Étienne. "Rhéologie des bétons frais à base de ciment d’aluminates de calcium." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28262/28262.pdf.
Full textThe purpose of this project is to study the rheology of fresh concrete made from calcium aluminates cement, namely: the LBC and Ciment Fondu. Using this type of hydraulic binder has a substantial interest in the field of concrete, both for structural works and concrete repair. The motivation behind this research is to better understand the rheological behaviour of this type of concrete and thus facilitate and expand their use in the field of civil engineering. The research project focuses on specific parameters such as the influence of type of admixture, their dosages and combinations as well, type of the mixing and it duration. In order to meet the objectives, the research is divided in two phases. A first phase, where the admixtures are individually evaluated, was necessary to launch the second and more complex phase, where realistic mixing conditions have been used. Very interesting results were obtained in this second phase. First, superplasticizers in combination with set accelerators were used to simulate a mobile concrete mixer. It is possible with this combination to compensate the set delay caused by the superplasticizer by using an appropriate dosage of set accelerator, while maintaining adequate rheological properties. Secondly, the use of a superplasticizer with a set retarder, simulating the transportation in a ready-mix truck showed promising results in delaying and controlling the setting time. In terms of rheological evolution, this combination is very effective during a prolonged transport; It is possible to delay the setting time while maintaining adequate rheological properties. The use of an activator added to a mixture which has undergone prolonged mixing and including superplasticizer and set retarder was found very effective in obtaining a practical opentime, or “pot life” for a construction site.
Crépault, Étienne, and Étienne Crépault. "Rhéologie des bétons frais à base de ciment d’aluminates de calcium." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23358.
Full textL’objet de ce projet est l’étude de la rhéologie des bétons frais à base de ciment d’aluminate de calcium, soit: le LBC et le Ciment Fondu. L’utilisation de ce type de liant hydraulique présente un intérêt substantiel dans le domaine des bétons, tant pour les ouvrages structuraux que pour les réparations en béton. La motivation derrière cette recherche est de mieux comprendre le comportement rhéologique de ce type de béton et ainsi faciliter et élargir leur utilisation dans le domaine du génie civil. Le projet de recherche s’attarde sur différents paramètres spécifiques tels que l’influence du type d’adjuvant, de leurs dosages et de leurs combinaisons, ainsi que l’effet du type de malaxage employé et de sa durée. Pour répondre aux objectifs, la recherche est divisée en deux phases. Une première phase, où les adjuvants sont évalués individuellement, a permis de lancer la seconde, plus complexe, où des conditions de malaxage réalistes, camion toupie et bétonnière mobile, et une combinaison d'adjuvants complète sont mises à l’épreuve. Des résultats forts intéressants ont été obtenus dans cette deuxième phase. L’utilisation d’un superplastifiant en combinaison avec un accélérateur de prise simule l’usage d’une bétonnière mobile. Il est possible d'obtenir, de cette combinaison, de compenser le retard de prise occasionné par le superplastifiant en dosant convenablement l’accélérateur de prise, tout en conservant des propriétés rhéologiques adéquates pour une bonne mise en place. En plus, l’utilisation d’un superplastifiant en combinaison à un retardateur de prise, simulant les conditions de transport dans une bétonnière conventionnelle, a permis de retarder et contrôler le début de la prise. Au point de vue de l’évolution rhéologique, cette combinaison est très efficace lors d’un transport prolongé. Il est possible de retarder la prise en conservant des propriétés rhéologiques adéquates. Pour finir, l’utilisation d’un activateur de prise dans un mélange ayant subi un malaxage prolongé, adjuvanté de superplastifiant et de retardateur de prise, s’est révélée très efficace pour obtenir une durée pratique d’utilisation visée en chantier.
The purpose of this project is to study the rheology of fresh concrete made from calcium aluminates cement, namely: the LBC and Ciment Fondu. Using this type of hydraulic binder has a substantial interest in the field of concrete, both for structural works and concrete repair. The motivation behind this research is to better understand the rheological behaviour of this type of concrete and thus facilitate and expand their use in the field of civil engineering. The research project focuses on specific parameters such as the influence of type of admixture, their dosages and combinations as well, type of the mixing and it duration. In order to meet the objectives, the research is divided in two phases. A first phase, where the admixtures are individually evaluated, was necessary to launch the second and more complex phase, where realistic mixing conditions have been used. Very interesting results were obtained in this second phase. First, superplasticizers in combination with set accelerators were used to simulate a mobile concrete mixer. It is possible with this combination to compensate the set delay caused by the superplasticizer by using an appropriate dosage of set accelerator, while maintaining adequate rheological properties. Secondly, the use of a superplasticizer with a set retarder, simulating the transportation in a ready-mix truck showed promising results in delaying and controlling the setting time. In terms of rheological evolution, this combination is very effective during a prolonged transport; It is possible to delay the setting time while maintaining adequate rheological properties. The use of an activator added to a mixture which has undergone prolonged mixing and including superplasticizer and set retarder was found very effective in obtaining a practical opentime, or “pot life” for a construction site.
The purpose of this project is to study the rheology of fresh concrete made from calcium aluminates cement, namely: the LBC and Ciment Fondu. Using this type of hydraulic binder has a substantial interest in the field of concrete, both for structural works and concrete repair. The motivation behind this research is to better understand the rheological behaviour of this type of concrete and thus facilitate and expand their use in the field of civil engineering. The research project focuses on specific parameters such as the influence of type of admixture, their dosages and combinations as well, type of the mixing and it duration. In order to meet the objectives, the research is divided in two phases. A first phase, where the admixtures are individually evaluated, was necessary to launch the second and more complex phase, where realistic mixing conditions have been used. Very interesting results were obtained in this second phase. First, superplasticizers in combination with set accelerators were used to simulate a mobile concrete mixer. It is possible with this combination to compensate the set delay caused by the superplasticizer by using an appropriate dosage of set accelerator, while maintaining adequate rheological properties. Secondly, the use of a superplasticizer with a set retarder, simulating the transportation in a ready-mix truck showed promising results in delaying and controlling the setting time. In terms of rheological evolution, this combination is very effective during a prolonged transport; It is possible to delay the setting time while maintaining adequate rheological properties. The use of an activator added to a mixture which has undergone prolonged mixing and including superplasticizer and set retarder was found very effective in obtaining a practical opentime, or “pot life” for a construction site.
Aubrun, Céline. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'un ciment osseux acrylique amidonné à base d'HEMA." Thesis, Artois, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ARTO0206/document.
Full textAcrylic cements are a current solution to deal with osseous gaps. The incorporation of fillers allows improving the properties, so starch for the degradability, associated with cellulose acetate for the mechanical properties, and calcium phosphates for the latter and the bioactivity. Very often, the polymer is polymethyl methacrylate and the starch is issued from corn. So the majority of the studies concern them. Thus this one concerns classic formulations but with 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate, incorporating starch from waxy-maïs, corn, amylomais, wheat, pea or potato, with or without enzyme (α - amylase). HEMA brings its capacity to hydrate and starches to degrade. Setting time and maximal temperature were studied according to the formulation, also, the water uptake of the cement and its weight loss according to the immersion time in a biological fluid. The mechanical properties were approached through tensile and compression tests. The radio-opacity was taken into account. Curing parameters and water uptake (leading to in situ swelling favourable to the filling of a gap) were little influenced by the botanical origin of starch or by the presence of enzyme, contrary to the degradability. The swelling, negative if too important, was monitored through a pre-saturation by water and the resulting loss of the mechanical properties after immersion through addition of plaster. The zirconia was the most appropriate radio-opacifier. The results led to formulate two cements optimized according to the desired degradability
Lafond, Emilie. "Etude chimique et dimensionnelle de résines échangeuses d'ions cationiques en milieu cimentaire." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOS066/document.
Full textIon exchange resins (IERs) are widely used by the nuclear industry to decontaminate radioactive effluents. After use they are usually encapsulated in cementitious materials. However, the solidified waste forms can exhibit a strong expansion, possibly leading to cracking. Its origin is not well understood as well as the conditions when it occurs.In this work, the interactions between cationic resins in the Na+ or Ca2+ form and tricalcium silicate (C3S), Portland cement (CEM I) or Blastfurnace slag cement (CEM III/C) are investigated at an early age in order to gain a better understanding of the expansion process.The results show that during the hydration of a paste of C3S or CEM I containing IERs in the Na+ form, the resins exhibit a transient expansion of small magnitude due to the decrease in the osmotic pressure of the interstitial solution. This expansion, which occurs just after cement setting, is sufficient to damage the material which is poorly consolidated for several reasons: small hydration degree, precipitation of less cohesive sodium bearing C-S-H, heterogeneous microstructure with highly porous zones and lastly clivable crystals of portlandite at the interface between resins and paste.This expansion can be prevented by performing a calcium pretreatment of the resins or by using a CEM III/C cement with a slower rate of hydration than that of Portland cement
Houze, Clément. "Étude de la valorisation des laitiers de l'industrie sidérurgique et de production des alliages silico manganèse." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1115/document.
Full textThe steelmaking and manganese industries produce large amount of slag which are little upgraded today for the formulation of hydraulic binder in the field of civil engineering. The ground blast furnace slag (GGBFS) is integrated in the building materials industry but the converter steel slag (BOF slag) is mainly used as aggregates and the silicomanganese slag (LSiMn) is co granulated slag is now not upgraded in this sector. The companies ArcelorMittal, Eramet and Ecocem produces or exploit these slags, which are very different (origins and compositions), and want to develop the valorisation of these byproduct in the field of materials for building construction. Some studies have already shown that the steel slag and the silicomanganese slag can be integrated into cement matrix as component for cement industry. But few data exist about mechanism of hydration of these slags in cement systems, the sustainability of such systems and the environmental impact which involve the use of these slags. Our research concerns first the characterization of our slags, particularly the particle size distribution, the chemical composition and microstructure, and their reactivity. The results showed that the silicomanganese slag can be comparable with the ground granulated blast furnace slag because of their latent hydraulic behaviour but he has a different chemistry composition with lower calcium content and a little part of inert (10%). The steel slag, which has 23% of inert portion (compounds rich in iron) is very basic due to the presence of lime and portlandite and has a hydraulic behaviour. The formulation of binary systems cement (cement / slag) shown that the silicomanganese slag added to Portland cement forms, like blast furnace slag, hydrates (hydrated calcium silicates) which participate in the development of compressive strength. Then, the utilization of silicomanganese slag can be a good alternative for the formulation of hydraulic binders in the field of building materials. The steel slag has a little activity than other hydraulic slags cited and has a little participation for the development of the compressive strength. However, its high alkalinity makes it a good activator of latent hydraulic slags. Ternary cementitious systems (cement/steel slag/slag with latent hydraulic behaviour) have been prepared and show the ability of converter slag to activate the blast furnace and silicomanganese slags. These cementitious systems, composed of at least 80% of slags, have good mechanical properties for hydraulic road binders. In addition to these works, an environmental study was conducted for the slags and the cementitious matrix. The results show that the low leaching of pollutant allows the utilization of our slag as hydraulic road materials
Mejdoubi, Elmiloud. "Elaboration et étude physico-chimique d'un ciment à base de phosphate de calcium." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT042G.
Full textMurgier, Sylvain. "Etude par Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire de différents noyaux d'un liant à base de laitier de haut fourneau : application industrielle." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066243.
Full textKuryatnyk, Tetyana Pera Jean Derevianko Viktor. "Insensibilisation à l'eau des mélanges à base de sulfate de calcium par ajout de clinker sulfo-alumineux." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2007. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?&id=kuryatnyk.
Full textKuryatnyk, Tetyana. "Insensibilisation à l'eau des mélanges à base de sulfate de calcium par ajout de clinker sulfo-alumineux." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0062/these.pdf.
Full textBinders based on calcium sulfate are cheap but vulnerable in water due to their high solubility. The capacity of calcium sulfo-aluminate clinker to stabilize calcium sulfate based binders as well as the influence of the nature of calcium sulfate on the mechanical properties and microstructure of such materials were investigated. Waterproofing of gypsum based binders was carried out by addition of 30, 50 and 70 % of calcium sulfo-aluminate clinker. The present study compares the bihaviour of pastes containing respectively natural gypsum, recristallized gypsum, and β hemi-hydrate. The study of the hydration of calcium sulfate based binders containing 30, 50 and 70 % of calcium sulfo-aluminate clinker has been carried out by means of XRD, DTA, and IR spectrometry. It was pointed out that ettringite and gibbsite are the main hydrates that formed regardless of the calcium sulfate to calcium sulfo-aluminate clinker ratio or the nature of calcium sulfate. The main factors determining the microstructure and thus the physical properties and the durability of material were the following : W / C ratio, conditions of curing (water or in air), percentage of added calcium sulfo-aluminate clinker, and nature of calcium sulfate. From this study, it became possible to determine the minimal quantity (30 %) of calcium sulfo-aluminate clinker ensuring the stability in water of the different mixtures
Steger, Laurent. "Etude de l'accélération des ciments à haute teneur en laitier de haut-fourneaux par du chlorure de calcium." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30333.
Full textBlast furnace slags are a co-product of the metallurgical industry, used in composite cements (CEM II & III) as a partial substitution for Portland clinker and recognized in particular for their advantages in terms of lowering the heat of hydration, increased durability performance and reduced carbon footprint of concrete. Although achieving ultimate mechanical performance comparable to or better than Portland cement (CEM I), binders offering high levels of slag see the development of their mechanical strength greatly slowed down. This phenomenon is explained by a lower reactivity of the slag which requires "activation" conditions to react properly. There are various additives that accelerate the hardening of cements, among which calcium chloride shows the best performance. The effects of calcium chloride are particularly important during the first days of hydration. However, their use is strongly regulated because of the corrosive effect of chlorine on steels of reinforced concrete. The objectives of the thesis are to study the mechanisms of action of calcium chloride on cement-slag binders during the first days of hydration. A panel of experimental techniques has been used to specifically identify the action of chlorides on slag and cement. Coupled results from XRD-NMR SEM experiments show that calcium chloride causes an accelerated precipitation of portlandite and ettringite, resulting from the increase in the reaction rate of clinker. The start of the slag reaction takes place after about 12 hours, and is not impacted by the calcium chloride. On the other hand, the reaction rate of the slag increases in the presence of the accelerator. The rapid, significant and exclusive formation of Friedel salts in the presence of chloride is observed, replacing sulphated and / or carbonated AFm. Increasing the reaction rate of the anhydrous phases results in the precipitation of additional C-S-H. This formation of Friedel salts and C-S-H causes a faster filling of the porosity and the increase of the mechanical performances
Hasnaoui, Abdelaziz. "Optimisation d'un géopolymère à base de laitier et de metakaolin pour la rélisation d'un béton de structure." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CERG1019.
Full textThis work concerns the behavior of slag and metakaolin based geopolymer concrete formulated using a sodium silicate solution as activator. The first part of the study focuses on the optimization of the geopolymer cement. To achieve this objective, a reference Portland mortar and twenty-four geopolymer ones were developed by varying the Slag/Metakaolin weight ratio (25/75, 50/50, 75/25) and the molar ratio SiO2/Na2O, RM, of the alkaline solutions (RM between 1.0 and 2.0). The mortars were characterized in the fresh state (workability and setting time) as well as in the hardened state in terms of flexural and compressive strengths, modulus of elasticity and porosity. The results showed that the geopolymer binder composed of 50/50 Slag/Metakaolin with a molar ratio RM of 1.8 allows obtaining a more resistant mortar than the reference one while ensuring a good workability and an excellent stability against efflorescence.The second part of the work deals with the behavior of geopolymer concrete, synthesized with the binder optimized in the first part of the thesis. In addition, the effect of curing conditions and the influence of recycled aggregates incorporation on the performance of these concrete were evaluated. Indeed, three curing methods were chosen, 20°C and 50% RH, 20°C and 90% RH and a total immersion in water at 20°C. For recycled aggregates valorization, three volumetric substitution ratios were selected: 10, 30 and 50%. For all materials, the properties in the fresh state and the physical and mechanical properties in the hardened state were studied. As regards the influence of recycled aggregates, it has been shown that their introduction induces a decrease in compressive and tensile strengths. However, at low substitution ratios (less than 30%), acceptable rheological and mechanical performances are obtained.The obtained results show that curing in a low relative humidity leads to poor physical and mechanical performance compared to hardening at high relative humidity and total immersion in waterThe experimental results of this work as well as a considerable number of results reported in the literature allowed to evaluate the reliability of the empirical equations developed for the prediction of the mechanical properties of Portland concrete. For the prediction of the tensile strength of geopolymer concrete, the proposed equation for Portland concrete remains applicable. Nevertheless, a new equation has been proposed for the prediction of the elastic modulus
Boutouil, Mohamed. "Traitement des vases de dragage par solidification/stabilisation à base de ciment et additifs." Le Havre, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LEHA0010.
Full textMary-Dippe, Christine. "Determination des superplastifiants et des plastifiants dans les materiaux a base de ciment durcis." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066458.
Full textYounsi, Akli, and Akli Younsi. "Carbonatation de bétons à forts taux de substitution du ciment par des additions minérales." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00717844.
Full textKaram, Reine. "Valorisation de sédiments marins non calcinés dans un liant alcali-activé à base de Laitier de Haut-Fourneau." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDN0052.
Full textIn a world that is increasingly oriented towards sustainable development, alkali-activated materials (AAM) based on industrial by-products such as granulated ground blast furnace slag (GGBFS), have emerged as new types of binders for various applications in the field of civil engineering. AAMs are of great importance because they have high mechanical strength and good resistance to chemical attack.On the other hand, dredged marine sediments can also be used as precursors of such binders. In Europe, large volumes of sediment are dredged annually in ports, but changes in regulations will tend to restrict their disposal at sea.The recovery of part of these sediments as raw materials for binders would help to limit their storage and give them added value.Our study is then oriented towards the production of an alkali-activated mineral binder, based on the activation of GGBFS, incorporating the fine fraction of un-calcined marine dredged sediments.The first objective of this work is to study the effect of sediment incorporation on alkaline activation and the second is to determine the sediment constituents that are at the basis of the disturbance of alkaline activation kinetics. A multi-scale macro and microstructural analysis approach was used to characterize the raw and formulated materials and highlight the influencing factors
Jacquemot, François. "Accélération du durcissement des liants à base de laitier de haut fourneau pour les produits préfabriqués en béton." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10123/document.
Full textThe reported study aims to propose industrially viable solutions in order to accelerate the hardening of ground granulated blast furnace slag in precast concrete products thanks to both chemical and thermal activations. These solutions also have to be durable and environmentally friendly at the same time. More precisely, concrete with high content of slag should reach equivalent short term performance to CEM I 52.5 Portland cement based concrete, when placed in representative conditions of precast concrete industry. An objective of compressive strength was fixed at 23.4 MPa at 8 hours after thermal treatment at 65 °C. Thus, chemical activation of slag only or blended with Portland cement has been the main subject of the experimental works carried out on mortars in order to reach the objective previously defined. On condition that their durability is validated, the solutions that have been developed are by several aspects more advantageous than the CEM I 52.5 Portland cement based reference
Fantozzi-Merle, Catherine Barna Radu Brauer Christine de. "Etude de matériaux à base de liant hydraulique contenant des polluants organiques modèles propriétés structurales et de transfert /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=fantozzi-merle.
Full textFantozzi-Merle, Catherine. "Etude de matériaux à base de liant hydraulique contenant des polluants organiques modèles : propriétés structurales et de transfert." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0038/these.pdf.
Full textOur research aims to assess how the incorporation of organic pollutants will affect the physicochemical properties of a cement matrix, and to carry out a long term study of the resulting binders and their leaching behavior. The characterization of the materials includes a structural study using XRD, IR, SEM, porosimetry, a determination of their mechanical performances and a calorimetric investigation into the effects of pollutants on the hydration behavior of the material. The assessment methodology to investigate the long-term release of organic pollutants is based on leaching tests. Some of these have been adapted to take into account the specificity of organics. The objective is to point out relevant physicochemical properties and to propose a pertinent leaching tests to evaluate the Stabilization/Solidification process that is applied to wastes which contain organic pollutants
Le, Chatelier Henry. "Recherches expérimentales sur la constitution des ciments hydrauliques." Paris : Bibliothèque universitaire Pierre et Marie Curie (BUPMC), 2009. http://jubil.upmc.fr/sdx/pl/toc.xsp?id=TH_000320_001&fmt=upmc&idtoc=TH_000320_001-pleadetoc&base=fa.
Full textKowalczyk, Kathy. "Polycondensation de l'acide diamidophosphorique : application à la formulation d'un nouveau ciment par réaction acide-base." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD453.
Full textBenazzouk, Amar. "Contribution à la valorisation de déchets de caoutchouc : composites cimentaires à base de caoutchouc compact et cellulaire." Amiens, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AMIE0214.
Full textConte, Théau. "Impact des nano-particules sur le comportement au jeune âge et à l’état frais des matériaux à base de ciment." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLN024/document.
Full textThis PhD gets in the larger topic of the use of nano-technology to develop eco-friendly materials whose properties are improved. Due to their very high specific surface, a very low quantity (only a few percent) of nano particles into a cement-based material can induce significant changes of materials properties. These changes can take place at every ages of materials such as fresh state (rheology), young age (kinetic of hydration, shrinkage) or long term (mechanical, thermal properties and durability). During this PhD, different types of nano particles are considered: isotropic (nano silica) or anisotropic (nano clay). The main objective is to consider the impact of nano particles on rheological properties considering a new rheological protocol: large amplitude oscillation shear (LAOS). Besides, interaction between nano particles and hydration products in the case of cement based material containing high dosage of slag is also considered. This study will help to understand how nano particles change material properties at fresh state and young age. Indeed, it is at these ages that materials properties are lower when cement is replaced by other material
Labbani, Fayçal. "Contribution à l'étude d'un composite cimentaire à base de déchets de caoutchouc : influence des variations de températures sur son comportement mécanique." Amiens, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AMIE0605.
Full textAranda, Berenger. "Réactivité et durabilité à base de sulfate de calcium et de liants minéraux classiques." Rennes, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAR0001.
Full textKerysten® is a calcium sulfate binder product by “flash calcination”. The binder is originally made of γ-anhydrite (CaSO4) and hemihydrate (CaSO4. 0,5H2O). These two phases form a complex grain which leads to one stable state and two metastable states. To compare the settings of the Kerysten® and a plaster of Paris, we have synthesized both materials with the same quantity of water and the same quantity of retarding admixture. The Kerysten® reacts faster with water than the plaster of Paris. The mechanical properties of the Kerysten® are more important than these of the plaster of Paris. These differences are due to the complex grains of the Kerysten®. We have hydrated a mixture of 70% of Kerysten® and 30% of Portland cement. During the setting, gypsum skeleton has been formed first. This phase has delayed the hydration of the cementitious phases which have precipitated into the porous system. In this material, Kerysten® improves the hardness of the material at early stage and cementitious precipitates improve mechanical strengths. We have studied mortars made with different ratios of Kerysten® and Portland cement. Mortars with small quantities of Portland cement between 5% and 20% have mechanical strengths as important as these of a 100% Portland cement mortar. Prismatic specimens have been made of the mixture of 70% of Kerysten® and 30% of Portland cement. Their durability has been studied under different conditions of chemical attacks: prismatic specimens have been dept in water, in chloride acid, in sulfuric acid and in ammonia sulfate acid for a period of 92 days. Attacks have provoked an important dissolution of calcium hydroxide and calcium sulfate of the materials. Then, calcium carbonate and gypsum have precipitated in the solution. The precipitates contained also cimentitious phases fallen from the porous system. The degradations have caused a strong decrease of the 3-points flexural strengths, whereas the compressive strengths and the hardness have less decreased. An addition of 30% of Portland cement in the Kerysten® improves the chemical resistant of the material. Thanks to Kerysten®, cimentitious phases have been less dissolved. Thanks to Portland cement, strengths stayed good
FRYDA, HERVE. "Piegeage du cesium dans des materiaux a base de ciment alumineux et de fumee de silice." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066326.
Full textVillain, Géraldine. "Caractérisation de la prise de matériaux a base de ciment par propagation d'ondes acoustiques et ultrasonores." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0077.
Full textThis thesis studies the behaviour of materials with cement pastes, by means of devices using compressional and shear waves. Materials tested, containing more or less bubbles, are aerated concrete and mortar. They are presented in the first part of this work. The second part deals with theoretical models of the behaviour of these heterogeneous materials under small strains. The first approach by periodic homogenization gives the viscoelastic, compressible, isotropic behaviour law of the homogeneous macroscopically equivalent material submitted to harmonic stress of large wave length compared with heterogeneities’ size. The second complementary approach by self-consistent method leads to an estimated value of each rheological macroscopic modulus. The third part describes the non-destructive device generating low frequency compressional and shear waves and presents analysis of experimental results. Then we study the evolving rheological characteristics during setting and the influence of preparation and formulation parameters. The forth part deals with the study of aerated concrete hardening during autoclaving process. The laboratory autoclave is equipped by ultrasonic transducers. Wave velocity measurement leads to the material mechanical evolution and the influences of autoclaving stage parameters, of formulation parameters
Mohamadou, Bassirou. "Contribution à la caractérisation mécanique de composites à base de ciment renforcé par fibres de verre." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10022.
Full textLe, Rouzic Mathieu. "Étude des propriétés physico-chimiques et mécaniques des matériaux cimentaires à base d’oxyde de magnésium." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1082/document.
Full textMagnesium phosphate cements are the most representative cements of the activated-by-acid cements family. Despite the fact that they are known since the early 20th century, their use in civil engineering is fairly limited. These materials are used for road repairs where the fast compressive strength development is an advantage. Recently they have also been used in wastes stabilization/solidification (S/S), especially with wastes incompatible with Portland cement. The challenges of the use of these cements are related to the nature of their formation reaction: fast, very exothermic, with a very short setting time (only a few minutes).The bonding phase, k-struvite (MgKPO4.6H2O), is obtained from magnesium oxide mixed in water with monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4).MgO + KH2PO4 + 5H2O MgKPO4.6H2OThe setting mechanisms are still poorly known and various theories, involving or not secondary product formation, have been suggested. Our researches have aimed to understand the setting mechanisms, as well as the influence of the formulation parameters on the properties of the magnesium phosphate cement. Results show that the formation of k-struvite involved a precipitation-dissolution reaction of an intermediate product, the newberyite (MgHPO4.3H2O). Formation reactions of these two products are controlled by the supersaturation rate and the pH of the solution. The study highlights the strong effect of water on the properties of fresh cement paste. With a low mass ratio e/c in comparison of Portland cement (ratio e/c between 0,1 and 0,25), a slight modification of the ratio (0,02) leads to a segregation and a surface heterogeneity of the cement paste. Among the formulation parameters, the molar ratio MgO/KH2PO4 (Mg/P) seems the most important parameter. Indeed, it impacts most of the properties of the magnesium phosphate cement (compressive strength, setting time, reaction heat, paste fluidity …). Low Mg/P ratios lead to poor water resistance, to crystals formation inside the microstructure that can be seen on the surface of the sample (an efflorescence appearance), and to important swelling of the paste, leading to the cracking of the samples. After the parametric study, a magnesium phosphate cement paste has been defined. Dimensional changes and chemical shrinkage measurement were conducted to understand the mechanisms involved in this swelling phenomenon. In support, microstructural analyses (SEM, XRD, TGA) and leaching tests complete the experimental campaign. The results confirm the influence of a low Mg/P ratio on cement swelling and water resistance. Finally, a study on various additions to the paste has been conducted, with the purpose of improving the cement paste performances. It shows that the addition of an inert filler (siliceous sand or fly ashes) has a retarding effect and reduced the reaction heat
Younsi, Akli. "Carbonatation de bétons à forts taux de substitution du ciment par des additions minérales." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LAROS342/document.
Full textCement is the main source of environmental impacts of concrete use. It is thus recognized that the most pragmatic solution for minimizing environmental impacts of concrete is the reduction of the cement content. This could be achieved by replacing a part of cement by mineral additions such as fly ash or blast-furnace slag during concrete mixing.The present work aims at studying the physico-chemical phenomena occurring during the process of carbonation of concrete mixtures with high substitution rates of cement by mineral additions and their resistance against this type of attack.An experimental campaign was conducted on reference concrete mixtures prepared with common cements and on other concrete mixtures, called “Écobétons” (Green concretes), prepared by replacing a part of cement by fly ash or blast-furnace slag. The study focused on the Écobétons durability, especially their resistance against carbonation, on the equivalence of Écobétons performances with the reference mixtures performances and on the composition and microstructure parameters controlling the kinetics of carbonation. Carbonation has been studied in natural and accelerated conditions. The results show that Écobétons mixtures with high substitution rates of cement by fly ash (50 %) and blast-furnace slag (75 %) could replace, in some cases, concretes that are in accordance with the current standard.In addition to the experimental study, numerical simulations of the coupling between hydration and drying were conducted in order to determine the effect of drying on the properties controlling the accelerated carbonation kinetics of the studied concrete mixtures (porosity, Portlandite content and water saturation degree). The results show that the kinetics of drying increases with the degree of substitution of cement by mineral additions. They also question the relevance of the preconditioning of the samples during accelerated carbonation test conducted according to the French standard XP P 18-458
Attari, Allel. "Caractéristiques physiques et processus de migration de l'eau dans les matériaux à base de gypse et de minéraux argileux." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0094.
Full textAfter hardening, β hemihydrate plasters are essentially macroporus materials (r>1000Å), then constitute media into which liquid water can easily migrate. The aim of the present work was to remedy such an inconvenient by incorporating into the material, before hardening; finely divided solids such as mineral clays (kaolinite, montmorillonite, muscovite, talc, sepioloite and attapulgite) or a thermally activated mineral clay (meta-kaolinite) added or not to calcium hydroxide or ordinary Portland cement. The research as allowed to point out that certain precited solids idi not sensitively modify either hydratation kinetics (investigation by isothermal calorimetry) nor both compressive and flexural strength, when the content of additive solids does not exceed 10% in weight in plaster. But all added solids decrease both the pore size distribution and , except for metakaolinite-lime addition, the water migration rate into the material. He results concerning the last point have been obtained by using an original experimental set allowing the study of water migration on variable hydraulic charge. A theoretical modelling of the phenomenon implying to take into account experimental values of permeability coefficient, pore size distribution and total open porosity of the material, has been proposed. The present work has allowed to define without any ambiguity, the choice of solid additives able to resolve the set problem
Soro, Julien. "Elaboration par coulage en bande et caractérisation de composites fibreux à matrice à base de ciment alumineux." Limoges, 2005. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/277b6612-aad6-4cc7-b012-240bd5893755/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0003.pdf.
Full textFor "large public" utilisation, corresponding to materials with good thermo-mechanical properties at temperatures about 1200°C, a research program was undertaken to apply the tape casting method in to great diffusion materials such as aluminous cements (SECAR 71 – Lafarge-Alumitnates). The object is to manufacture composite materials with low cost mineral matrix reinforced with fibres in 1D or 2D configuration, which can be used in oxidizing atmosphere. The results we have obtained, show that it is possible to make by tape casting, composites with hydraulic binder matrix reinforced by ceramic fibres, presenting a non-fragile behaviour and preserving a good level of rupture strength after dehydration
Jacquart, Sylvaine. "Substitut osseux injectable, antibactérien et résorbable : études physico-chimiques et biologiques d'un ciment composite à base d'apatite." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0079/document.
Full textThe present work concerns research and development of a material for bone substitution, enabling implantation through a mini-invasive surgery, limiting post-operative infections and whose resorbability is adapted to bone regeneration kinetics. This study focused on a calcium carbonate and phosphate based cement, whose setting reaction leads to the formation of a nanocrystalline apatite, similar to bone mineral. First, the setting kinetics and the reaction products were characterised using different techniques, especially X-ray diffraction and FTIR and solid-state NMR spectroscopies. A silver salt – Ag3PO4 or AgNO3, chosen for their antibacterial properties – was then introduced in the formulation. Its effect on the setting reaction kinetics was revealed by data processing of FTIR and NMR spectra and an original reaction mechanism which involves silver and nitrates in the formation of apatite was proposed. The addition of a polysaccharide, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), in the solid phase of the cement showed a clear improvement of the injectability of the paste, preventing the occurrence of filter-pressing phenomenon, often limiting the injectability of mineral cements. The resistance to compressive strength and elastic modulus of the composite cement were also improved together with a decrease in their porosity. Different in vitro studies were carried out in the presence of cells or bacteria and demonstrated the cytocompatibility of different cement compositions and their antibacterial properties starting at a certain silver concentration, respectively. In vivo implantation of selected compositions showed promising results concerning resorbability of a composite CaCO3 - CaP/CMC/Ag cement and the associated bone neoformation
Kedziora, Charlotte. "Propriétés d’usage et mécanismes d’hydratation du système ternaire [Ciment Alumineux – Sulfate de Calcium – Laitier de Haut Fourneau] à haute teneur en sulfate de calcium : De l’approche expérimentale à la modélisation." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0047/document.
Full textThe potential of activation of a Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag has been evaluated into a ternary system comprising of a Calcium Sulfate as major component and a Calcium Aluminate Cement. This system is not well known and the main goal of this study is to determine its main advantages and limitations. From the usage properties point of view, fast setting and initial strengths are governed by the ettringitic binder. Then, and only if the dehydration is avoided, slag reacts. In this case, slag contributes to the increase of mechanical performances at medium and long terms and to limit the expansion under water. From an understanding point of view, the original experimental approach reveals the potential of the slag. It is based on a comparison of performances with different types of curing methods. The potential of hydration of the slag is amplified when the system is dehydrated during a few days and then rehydrated. However, slag contribution is complex to establish because analytical methods to follow-up slag consumption (such as X-ray Diffraction and Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis) are not well adapted. So, to understand the hydration mechanisms, indirect approaches are used. Semi-quantitative methods by X-ray Diffraction to follow-up the mayenite, calcium sulfate, syngenite and ettringite, ThermoGravimetric Analysis to measure degree of hydration and Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry to identify microstructural changes have been carried. The most important difficulty concerns the identification and quantification of amorphous phases such as slag, C-S-H and AH3. That is why a modelling approach is necessary to understand the role of each compound in the ternary mixture and in particular the obvious contribution of slag during rehydration test. This modelling approach increases knowledge of the physical and chemical phenomena in this ternary binder. It is useful to explain the observed macroscopic properties such as strength and helps to determine the kinetics of hydration in porous environment. Even if this model is still under development, it has allowed identifying the sequences of hydration (ettringitic binder reacts at very initial time, then anhydrite transforms into gypsum and slag reacts at long term) and confirms therefore that the reaction of slag is slow
Tahar, Zine-el-abidine. "Optimisation des caractéristiques rhéologiques, mécaniques et thermiques des bétons à base de granulats recyclés avec différents couples ciment/adjuvant." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CERG0841.
Full textWith the growing need of building material resources and requirements in terms of environmental protection in a vision of sustainable development, it has become necessary to explore all possibilities for the reuse and recycling of and industrial waste products, especially in the field of construction and public works.Mortars and concrete made from recycled aggregates were the subject of numerous studies. However, no general rule has been identified to quantify the influence of such substitutions on their rheological and mechanical properties. Expanding the use of concrete containing recycled aggregates whose physicochemical properties are different from concrete with natural aggregates, is inevitably backed by increased mastery, on the one hand, of their mechanical properties, and secondly their implementation.The objective of this work is to quantify the influence of the nature and dosage of recycled gravel and sand on the rheological and mechanical properties.To do so, a test campaign was conducted on concrete made with different percentages of substitutions (on the sand and aggregates) and with different combination cements / admixtures. Regarding the rheological properties, the measured parameters are: shear threshold, plastic viscosity, workability, air content and density. Furthermore, in order to follow the evolution of these quantities in the time the tests were carried out at different ages (at the outlet of the mixer, 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes after the end of mixing). Regarding the mechanical properties, compression tests were performed at 1 day, 7 days and 28 days. The properties of these concretes were compared to a control concrete.The results show that the properties of recycled concrete aggregates and ECM (Equivalent Concrete Mortar) depend on the couple cement / admixture and the level of substitution on recycled aggregates. This means that there is indeed an influence of recycled aggregate on the compatibility (phisico-chemical equilibrium) of the couple cement / admixture. This influence is most notable on the sand than on gravel. The results also show that for concrete based on recycled aggregate, the higher the percentage of substitution increases, the higher the yield stress and plastic viscosity and the lower the resistance to compression.Keywords: concrete, recycled aggregates, recycled sand, rheology, workability
Tran, Xuan Vinh. "Effet d'un nouveau ciment de restauration à base de silicate tricalcique sur la réparation pulpo-dentinaire : Etude In Vivo." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T005.
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Marchand, Baptiste. "Performance et durabilité de traitements de puits de stockage de gaz à base de coulis de géopolymères." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECLI0021.
Full textThe use of geopolymer cements is investigated as grouts in the industrial context of sand production from natural gas storage wells. The aim is to reinforce the sandstone storage pocket, without impairing its gas transport ability. Sand production is currently hindered by chemical methods only efficient over a limited timeframe and in the absence of underground water seepage or brine.A compacted sand medium has been developed, which is analogous to in situ sandstones. A reference geopolymer cement has been adapted from a stoichiometry of (1 Al2O3, 3.6 SiO2, 1 Na2O, 11 H2O), made with sodium silicate alkali-activated metakaolin. The grout has been diluted to reach a viscosity on the order of that of water. The metakaolin powder granulometry has been refined by wet grinding, in order to guarantee adequate injectability of the geopolymer solid-liquid suspension.At a centimeter scale, the impact of geopolymer grouts has been quantified on both its consolidation ability and its gas permeability, using a fluidization experiment. The water resistance of geopolymer grouts has been proven at this scale.At a multi-centimeter scale, the adequacy of our geopolymer grouts is quantified using an experimental set-up developed from the typical triaxial failure test in soil mechanics. It follows a gas permeability test of compacted sand, before and after consolidation by the geopolymer grout. Our results have proven conclusive. In particular, the impact of geopolymer grouts is smaller than 10% on gas permeability, as required by the industrial specifications. Consolidation by geopolymer grouts is also significantly better than an existing chemical grout solution (based on Polyacrylamide)
Boursier, Thomas. "Synthèse et caractérisation de copolymères à base d’acide méthacrylique et de nouveaux macromonomères hydrophiles : rôle de leur solvatation sur la fluidité et la viscosité des compositions cimentaires." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10006.
Full textThe objective of this PhD work is the evaluation of the role of the solvation of PCP (grafted copolymer used in concrete as additive) on the concrete fluidity and viscosity. Grafted copolymers with different side-chains were synthesized. The solvation state of the PCP was estimated by mean of the χ Flory-Huggins parameter. The latter was calculated from the 2nd virial coefficient A2, itself determined by light scattering measurements. χ -parameter values of 0,37 ; 0,43 ; 0,47 and 0,48 are obtained for PCP respectively possessing ethylene glycol (EG), 2-methyloxazoline, N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-acryloylmorpholine-based side-chains. The surface coverage of the PCPs and their layer thickness can be calculated with Flatt’s formula. The introduction of the PCPs at different contents (therefore different surface coverage ratio) to calcite suspensions showed that at same surface coverage ratio, all PCPs induce the same fluidity, although the adsorbed PCP layer thickness differed up to 50% in the certain cases. The surface coverage played also a keyrole in the suspensions viscosity. The transposition of these results to a mortar seemed however risky since PCPs might lead to hydration delays depending on the chemical nature of the side-chains
Khazma, Mahmoud. "Contribution à l’optimisation de composites cimentaires à base de coproduits du lin : procédés de traitement de la matière végétale et de la matrice ; impact de ces procédés sur les propriétés des composites élaborés." Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIE0125.
Full textThis work is done in the processes and materials engineering group of the Laboratory of innovating technologies of the University of Picardy Jules Verne. The main goal of this work is the valorization of vegetables’ byproducts, specifically the use of flax shives as aggregates in cementitious matrix. Flax shives, like all lignocellulosic materials, are known by their high hydrophilic properties. During concrete confection, shives absorb mixing and inhibit the cement hydration. To optimize their use, these shives must be hydorphobisated. Treated shives are characterized by SEM, FTIR, water absorption…. Then, the impact of these treatments on the hydration of cement matrix and the physico-chemicals characteristics of composites are quantified and evaluated. The second way explored in this thesis is the matrix treatment. These treatments are done using molecules extracted from the biomass. The elaborated composites show a high competitive properties in comparison with composites prepared with commercial vegetables aggregates
Stephant, Sylvain. "Etude de l'influence de l'hydratation des laitiers sur les propriétés de transfert gazeux dans les matériaux cimentaires." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS090/document.
Full textCements with high slag content are currently studied as possible candidate for nuclear waste containment materials. In this context it is important to know their microstructure and the transport properties (permeability and diffusion) of the gases that are formed by the radiolysis of the water present in this material. According to literature, these properties are strongly impacted by the addition of blast furnace slag. The aim of this work is to correlate the hydration processes of slag blended cements with their transport properties. In the first part of this work, the hydration of the slag blended cements, for which only few results have been reported to date, has been studied. Silicon-29 and aluminium-27 Magic-Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS NMR) were used to follow the variations of anhydrous phases of clinker (C3S, C2S, C3A and C4AF) and of the main oxides of the slag (SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, MgO and SO3). The quantity of calcium dissolved from slag was deduced by fitting the quantity of portlandite [Ca(OH)2] calculated by a geochemical software (PHREEQC - coupled to a thermodynamic database) with TGA measurements. Our approach enabled the evolution of the hydration degree (percentage of reacted material) of various oxides of slag to be determined. A progressive and an incongruent dissolution (the rate of dissolution of the oxides is different) of the slag is observed. The low reactivity of slag could be linked, at a hydration time, to a lower content of bound water, chemical shrinkage and heat of hydration. Quantitatively accounting for the dissolution of clinker and oxide of slag yields a more accurate description of the hydration process. The second part of this work is focused on the microstructure evolution and its influence on the transport properties (diffusion and permeability). Time-evolution of the diffusion coefficients and the intrinsic permeability could be monitored and were then compared to that of the microstructure (global porosity, pore entry size distribution, specific surface area and the degree of connectivity). The results showed a decrease in the diffusion coefficient and permeability over time which is due to the progressive filling of the porosity. A decrease of these parameters with the slag content increasing was also observed. This is a consequence of the diminution of the capillary porosity and augmentation of the nanoporosity resulting from changes in the microstructure of C-S-H. The last part concerns the relation between the hydration processes, the microstructure and the transport properties. To this aim, volumetric balances of reactions involved in the hydration processes were made by considering globally or specifically the hydration of the different phases. Accounting for the hydration of each phase of the cement allowed us to determine the global porosity, the bound water content and the chemical shrinkage with accuracy of the order of 10 %. This description allows the understanding of the transport properties variations in time for a same material To establish this time evolutions for all the cements, the apparent volume of C-S-H was recalculated to account for the microstructure of these hydrates