Academic literature on the topic 'Ciments composés'

L’utilisation de Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) en substitution du clinker est une technologie aujourd’hui bien connue qui permet de réduire le coût environnemental du ciment. Parmi les SCMs largement utilisés on retrouve les cendres volantes, les laitiers de hauts fourneaux ou encore la poudre de verre. Dans les dernières années, un intérêt grandissant s’est développé pour l’utilisation d’argiles calcinées comme ajouts cimentaires, notamment du fait de leur forte réactivité et leur grande disponibilité. Ce projet de thèse s’intéresse à l’utilisation d’argiles et de marnes calcinées comme ajouts cimentaires. L’objectif principal est d’identifier de nouveaux échantillons susceptibles de présenter un intérêt pour une utilisation comme SCMs. Pour ce faire, une approche multi-échelle macro et micro est utilisée afin d’étudier de manière précise la calcination, la réactivité pouzzolanique et le comportement en système cimentaire de ces nouveaux échantillons. Il a été possible de démontrer que les marnes (malgré leur composition minéralogique complexe) présentent un potentiel d’utilisation comme ajout cimentaire après calcination, et ce, même avec une faible proportion d’argiles. Par la suite, il a été démontré que la palygorskite est une argile à haut potentiel pour une utilisation comme ajout cimentaire après calcination, et peut être considérée comme une alternative viable au métakaolin. L’étude poussée de l’utilisation de palygorskites calcinées comme ajouts cimentaires a également permis d’apporter de nouvelles connaissances fondamentales sur la compréhension des mécanismes impliqués lors de la calcination de ce type de matériaux<br>The use of Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) as a substitute for clinker is a well-known technology that can reduce the environmental cost of cement. Among the SCMs widely used today are fly ash, blast furnace slag and glass powder. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of calcined clays as SCMs, particularly due to their high reactivity and availability.This thesis project focuses on the use of calcined clays and marlstones as supplementary cementitious materials. The main aim is to identify new materials that could be of interest for use as SCMs. To this end, a multi-scale macro/micro approach is used to study the calcination, pozzolanic reactivity and performance in cementitious systems of these new materials. It was possible to demonstrate that marlstones (despite their complex mineralogical composition) have the potential to be used as supplementary cementitious materials after calcination, even with a low proportion of clays. Subsequently, it was shown that palygorskite is a high potential clay for use as a supplementary cementitious material after calcination, and can be considered as a viable alternative to metakaolin. The extensive study of the use of calcined palygorskites as SCMs has also provided new fundamental insights into the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the calcination of this type of material

Au vu des objectifs de durabilité visant à décarboniser l'industrie du ciment, les liants alternatifs ont fait l'objet d'une attention considérable à l'échelle mondiale au cours des dernières décennies. Ces liants sont basés sur l'utilisation de sous-produits industriels comme substituts aux ciments, ou comme granulats ou encore comme composants de matériaux de construction, à performances équivalentes. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, des résidus traités valorisables sont évalués comme addition cimentaire notamment dans des mélanges binaires (ciment alumineux CAC - hémihydrate HH). Trois des sous-produits ont fait l'objet d'une évaluation plus approfondie : i) un laitier riche en fer provenant d'une usine pilote de plomb-zinc sous forme granulée (trempe) ii) un résidu de jarosite ; iii) un résidu du recyclage du papier. Pour identifier et sélectionner ces résidus, il a été réalisé un test de conductimétrie pour mesurer la cinétique de dissolution; des mesures de flux de chaleur pour apprécier les réactions au jeune âge; et une mesure de résistance mécanique sur mortiers standards pour caractériser la réactivité à long terme. Sur la base de leurs caractéristiques générales et d'essais préliminaires, le laitier amorphe riche en fer a été retenu pour l'étude détaillée de la réactivité. Les mortiers standards incorporant de laitiers ont présenté une réactivité supérieure montrant d'une contribution positive à long terme (&gt; 28 jours) à la résistance mécanique. Cependant, il existe actuellement peu de publications sur le mécanisme d'hydratation du fer dans les liants à base de CAC. Afin d'augmenter la cinétique d'hydratation du laitier, l'influence de trois facteurs principaux, dont : (1) l'ajout de résidu de papier riche en chaux comme activateur ; (2) la proportion de sulfates; et (3) l'ajout de ciment Portland (PC), ont été évalués. Plusieurs techniques ont été utilisées pour caractériser les propriétés des mélanges entre 1 jour et 1 an : • la résistance mécanique et la stabilité dimensionnelle ont été suivies en utilisant des éprouvettes de mortier ; • le degré d'hydratation du laitier a été quantifié à l'aide de la microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB), de la tomographie par rayons X (XCT) et de la spectroscopie Mössbauer ; • l'assemblage des phases en fonction de la proportion de CAC a été simulé à l'aide de la modélisation thermodynamique et plusieurs techniques, notamment la calorimétrie isotherme, la diffraction des rayons X (DRX), l'analyse thermogravimétrique (ATG) et la spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier (IRTF) ont été utilisées pour suivre expérimentalement l'évolution des assemblages ; • le mécanisme d'hydratation du fer contenu dans le laitier a été décrit à partir des résultats de la spectroscopie Mössbauer, de la microscopie électronique à transmission (MET) et de la microscopie électronique à transmission à balayage (METB)<br>The pressure to decarbonize the cement industry in light of sustainability goals has been motivating the search for new types of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in the recent decades. Industrial residues, which otherwise end up in landfills or find low added-value applications, are of particular interest in near-zero-waste process schemes. This thesis explored the potential for valorization of pre-treated residues as SCM in calcium aluminate cement (CAC)-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (HH) system. These residues included non-ferrous metallurgy (NFM) slags, municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ashes, jarosite and paper-fabrication residues. Using isothermal calorimetry and mechanical strength test, a screening test was first established to compare their early-age and the long-term reactivity. The highly-amorphous NFM slags exhibited superior reactivity showing evidence of long-term (&gt; 28 days) contribution to the mechanical strength of mortars at 30 wt% replacement level. However, the slags' slow hydration kinetics in the first days of hydration could be an issue for CAC systems, given that their applications greatly rely on their rapid-hardening property. Moreover, the amorphous nature of the NFM slags and the dominance of iron (Fe) in their composition, set them apart from traditional SCM's. As of this writing, there are only limited publications discussing the hydration mechanism of Fe in CAC-based binders. In order to overcome the slow kinetics of the slag hydration, the influence of three factors, including: (1) the proportion of sulfates by varying the CAC/HH ratio; (2) the addition of lime-rich paper residue at 5 wt% as activator; and (3) the incorporation of 30 wt% PC in ternary CAC-HH-PC systems, were investigated. For all these formulations, the early hydration reactions were characterized using isothermal calorimetry on paste samples. The dimensional stability and mechanical strength were followed using standard mortars up to 1 year curing period. Furthermore, a methodology to estimate the slag hydration degree using a non-destructive technique based on X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) combined with volume analysis was developed in this study. Several techniques were used to follow the phase assemblage evolution, including: X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Lastly, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and Mössbauer spectroscopy were also performed in order to gain a better understanding of the fate of Fe, the main component of the slag, during hydration

Ce travail s’inscrit dans le cadre d’études sur le comportement à long terme des bétons à base de ciment CEM V (Clinker/Laitier/Cendres volantes) susceptibles d’entrer dans la gestion du stockage des déchets radioactifs en site géologique profond. Cette étude s’est faite en collaboration avec le département R&amp;D d’EDF, le CEA et l’Université de Bourgogne. L’étude de l’évolution des caractéristiques physiques et chimiques des matériaux à base de ciment CEM V en fonction du temps et la mise en oeuvre d’un modèle d’hydratation sont essentielles pour prédire leur comportement à long terme. Le ciment anhydre CEM V et l’évolution physique et chimique des pâtes issue de ce ciment à différents rapports E/C ont été analysés par diverses techniques (DRX, ATG, RMN, porosité au mercure…) L’étude de l’évolution des caractéristiques physiques des échantillons à base de ciment CEM V en fonction de leur taux d’hydratation conduit à mieux comprendre l’influence de l’hydratation de chaque constituant sur leur microstructure. Comparé à des matériaux à base de ciment CEM I, cette étude montre que l’utilisation de ceux à base de ciment CEM V peut comporter maints avantages. Leur assemblage minéralogique devient vite stable. La présence du laitier dans le ciment composé est la cause de changements observés en calorimétrie et au niveau de la contraction de Le Chatelier. La microstructure hydratée du ciment CEM V est également à l’origine de ses faibles propriétés de transport. L’optimisation d’un outil de modélisation (VCCTL) permettant de modéliser l’hydratation du ciment CEM V a été réalisée. La pertinence de cette modélisation est vérifiée par comparaison avec les données expérimentales<br>This work concerns the long-term behaviour studies of concrete based on blended cement (Clinker – Blast furnace slag – Fly ash / CEM V). Those materials could be use for nuclear waste sub-surface storage as well as basement or confining materials. This study is carried out in collaboration between EDF R&amp;D, CEA and Bourgogne University. The study of the blended cement physical and chemical characteristics according to time and the set up of a hydration model are essential to predict their long-term behaviour. From this point of view, the blended cement and physical and chemical evolution of those blended cement pastes, with different W/C ratio (0,3, 0,4 and 0,5), were analyzed by various techniques like, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, Solid stat NMR. , mercury porosity… The study of the blended cement pastes physical characteristics evolution according to their hydration rate allow to identify the influence of each compound’s hydration on their microstructure. Compare to material based on ordinary Portland cement (CEM I), this study show how material based on blended cement (CEM V) can be make up of several advantages. Indeed, their mineral assembly becomes stable quickly. The calorimetric and chemical shrinkage changes, which begin about ten hours, are due to slag presence in blended cement. The blended cement hydrated microstructure is also the origin of its weaker ionic and gas species transport properties. By inputting blended cement knowledge in a hydration model (VCCTL), a functional blended cement hydration model was carried out. The relevance of this new hydration model is checked by comparison with experimental data

Face aux préoccupations environnementales liées à la production du clinker, la recherche d’alternatives pour une construction plus durable et rationnelle s’avère une nécessité. Pour répondre en partie à cet objectif, plusieurs types de sous-produits peuvent faire l'objet d'une valorisation dans le domaine de la construction, en tant que remplacement du ciment. Ces matériaux méritent d'être considérés pour, outre les aspects environnementaux, leur potentialité vis-à-vis de certaines dégradations du béton. Ceci est le cas des cendres volantes, les fumées de silices et les laitiers de hauts fourneaux, qui ont montré une compatibilité avec les matériaux cimentaires et sont désormais utilisés dans un contexte normalisé. Cependant, même si l’extension de cette liste permet de répondre à un besoin réel tout en valorisant des déchets locaux, cette piste reste loin d’être pleinement exploitée. D’une part, l’utilisation optimale de nouveaux matériaux implique la maitrise de leurs mécanismes réactionnels dans la matrice cimentaire. Et d’autre part, le manque de données concernant les performances à long-terme et de durabilité rend difficile leur application à l’échelle industrielle. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans cette optique et vise à élargir les connaissances quant aux mécanismes réactionnels d’ajouts cimentaires alternatifs. Plus spécifiquement, le cadre de ce travail est l’étude des propriétés physico-chimiques de la poudre de verre (GP) et des cendres des boues calcinées de stations d'épuration (SSA) et leurs influences sur les propriétés macroscopiques des mortiers et bétons. Un programme expérimental est établi pour fournir une caractérisation complète de la composition de la matrice cimentaire. Pour ceci, des approches de pointe basées sur la diffraction aux rayons X (Rietveld-PONKCS) et la spectroscopie quantitative aux rayons X (SEM-QEDS) sont employées. Les moyens mis en œuvre ont permis de déterminer (i) la cinétique de réaction des ajouts amorphes, (ii) la composition des silicates de calcium hydraté (C-(A)-S-H) et finalement (iii) l’agencement phasique dans des matrices cimentaires composées. Ensuite, les résultats expérimentaux sont confrontés à ceux de la modélisation thermodynamique. La méthodologie définie dans ce travail peut aussi évaluer le potentiel de valorisation d’autres sous-produits industriels. La substitution du ciment par la GP induit un raffinement de la microstructure et une amélioration des propriétés de durabilité. Ceci revient à la formation de C-S-H à bas rapport Ca/Si, riche en sodium, comparé à un ciment Portland. Concernant les SSA, l’apport en aluminium, suite à la dissolution de la phase amorphe de ce sous-produit, favorise la formation des monocarboaluminates. Pour des taux de substitution jusqu’à 20%, les propriétés mécaniques des mortiers ne sont pas significativement affectées. Enfin, une étude de durabilité de ces matériaux dans des conditions faisant intervenir des composés soufrés est initiée et fait l’objet d’une discussion<br>With the increasing environmental concerns linked to clinker production, finding alternatives for a more efficient and sustainable construction became a necessity. With this aim in mind, several types of by-products can benefice from a rising interest in the construction field, as a potential cement substitute. These materials deserve to be considered, not only for their advantageous environmental aspects, but also for their potential regarding some concrete degradations. This is the cases of fly ash, silica fume and blast furnace slag that proved a compatibility with cement materials and are nowadays used in standardized context. However, even though extending this list allows responding to a real need while valuing local waste; this alternative does not seem to be fully exploited. On the one hand, an optimal use of novel materials involve an improved understanding of their reaction mechanisms in cementitious matrices. On the other hand, the lack of field data regarding long term performance and sustainability makes their use on an industrial scale difficult. This thesis follows this perceptive and aims to strengthen the knowledge related to the reaction mechanisms of alternative supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). More specifically, this research investigates the physico-chemical properties of glass powder (GP) and sewage sludge ashes (SSA) and their influence on the macroscopic properties of mortar and concrete. An experimental program is designed to monitor the reactions of these additions and the evolution of the microstructural features constituting the cementitious matrix. To achieve this end, state-of-art approaches, based on an X-Ray diffraction (Rietveld-PONKCS) and Quantitative Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-QEDS), allowed to determine (i) the degree of reaction of amorphous SCMs, (ii) the composition of calcium-silicate-hydrates (C-(A)-S-H), and finally (iii) the phase assemblage of hydrating blended cements. After that, the experimental observations are confronted with thermodynamic modelling results. The proposed methodology can be eventually used to assess the use of other by-products as a cement component. The replacement of cement by GP is shown to refine the microstructure and improve the durability of concrete. This comes from the formation of sodium rich C-S-H with a low Ca/Si ratio compared to Portland cement. In the case of SSA, the aluminium, introduced by the dissolution of its amorphous phase, promotes the formation of monocarboaluminates. For substitution rates up to 20%, the mechanical characteristics of mortars are not significantly affected. Finally, a discussion on the durability of these materials in conditions involving sulphur compounds is initiated is presented

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoATB_DISSERT.pdf: 170574 bytes, checksum: 1c8ab112e2d611ca8a276251605aaaa3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-11<br>The Compound Portland cements are commonly used in construction, among them stand out the CPII-Z, CPII-F and CPIV. These types of cement have limited application on oil well cementing, having its compositional characteristics focused specifically to construction, as cement for use in oil wells has greater complexity and properties covering the specific needs for each well to be coated. For operations of oil wells cementing are used Portland cements designed specifically for this purpose. The American Petroleum Institute (API) classifies cements into classes designated by letters A to J. In the petroleum industry, often it is used Class G cement, which is cement that meets all requirements needed for cement from classes A to E. According to the scenario described above, this paper aims to present a credible alternative to apply the compound cements in the oil industry due to the large availability of this cement in relation to oil well cements. The cements were micro structurally characterized by XRF, XRD and SEM tests, both in its anhydrous and hydrated state. Later technological tests were conducted to determine the limits set by the NBR 9831. Among the compound cements studied, the CPII-Z showed satisfactory properties for use in primary and secondary operations of oil wells up to 1200 meters cementing<br>Os cimentos Portland Compostos s?o comumente utilizados na constru??o civil, dentre eles destacam-se os CPII-Z, CPII-F e o CPIV. Estes tipos de cimento t?m sua aplica??o limitada para cimenta??o de po?os de petr?leo, tendo em vista suas caracter?sticas composicionais direcionadas especificamente para a constru??o civil. Cimentos para uso em po?os de petr?leo possuem uma maior complexidade e propriedades que d?o suporte ?s necessidades especificas para cada po?o a ser revestido. Para as opera??es de cimenta??o de po?os petrol?feros, s?o usados cimentos Portland desenvolvidos especialmente para tal finalidade de acordo com as normas API (American Petroleum Institute), os quais s?o classificados por classes, designadas pelas letras de A a J. Na ind?stria do petr?leo, comumente se utiliza o cimento da classe G, por ser um cimento que atende praticamente todas as condi??es previstas para os cimentos das classes A at? E. De acordo com o cen?rio descrito acima, esse trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar uma alternativa confi?vel para aplica??o de cimentos compostos na ind?stria do petr?leo em fun??o da grande disponibilidade destes cimentos em rela??o aos cimentos petrol?feros. Os cimentos foram caracterizados microestruturalmente atrav?s de ensaios de FRX, DRX e MEV, tanto em seu estado anidro quanto hidratado. Posteriormente, foram realizados ensaios tecnol?gicos para determinar os limites estabelecidos pela norma NBR 9831. Dentre os cimentos compostos estudados, o cimento CPII-Z apresentou propriedades satisfat?rias para aplica??o em opera??es de cimenta??o prim?ria e secund?ria de po?os petrol?feros at? 1200 metros

Cette étude structurale sur les composés du ciment anhydre a principalement porté sur le composé majoritaire, l'alite (silicate tricalcique impur), dont l'hydratation produit la fraction la plus importante de l'effet de colle du ciment hydraté. Le silicate tricalcique, C3S, présente un polymorphisme dépendant à la fois de la température et des impuretés qu'il contient. Les sept variétés de polymorphes sont de symétries tricliniques (formes appelées T1, T2, T3), monocliniques (M1, M2, M3) et rhomboédrique (R). Dans les clinkers industriels, les alites stabilisées sont essentiellement de symétries monocliniques. L'identification du polymorphe présent est difficile par diffraction des rayons X parce que les diagrammes de poudre sont très semblables. Pourquoi certaines impuretés stabilisent-elles une forme plutôt qu'une autre ? Y a-t-il un lien entre la structure observée et la réactivité du clinker ? Il faut s'appuyer sur une bonne connaissance structurale des différents polymorphes pour tenter de répondre à ces questions.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:30:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 438178.pdf: 2149932 bytes, checksum: 72e349d1108a96e32586f332a6db74c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-26<br>This study evaluated different loads during the cementation on the microtensile bond strength of conventional and self-adhesive resin cement. Fortytwo extracted caries-free molars were selected. Flat coronal dentin surfaces were exposed until the removal of enamel. The selected teeth were embedded in autopolymerized acrylic resin. Composite resin discs (Filtek Z 350 XT, 3M ESPE) were made according to the manufacturer?s instructions. Luting procedures with Rely X ARC - Group 1 (3M ESPE) were made with etched with 37% phosphoric acid gel, rinsed with water and the excess dentin moisture was removed and were applied two consecutive coats of the adhesive (Adper Single Bond 2) and light cured with halogen light (3M ESPE). Immediately the cement was manipulated according to the manufacturer s instructions and the composite discs were placed under 10N, 30N or 60N static load for 2 minutes. Specimens were light cured for a total of 160 seconds. Luting procedures with Rely X U100 (3M ESPE) - self-adhesive resin cement - Group 2 were made with moist dentin, the cement was manipulated according to the manufacturer s instructions, following the same protocol of the luting procedures of conventional resin cement. The bonded specimens were stored in water at 37?C for 24 hours. The restorations were embedded in autopolymerized acrylic resin and then longitudinally sectioned in the x and y directions perpendicular to the bonded interface to produce rectangular bonded sticks. Specimens (n=15) were divided according to cement and the load. The microtensile bond strength was conducted on a mechanical testing machine EMIC DL-2000. In order to evaluate the hybrid layer, two teeth of each group were cut perpendicular to the bonding interface, exposing the middle of the teeth. The surfaces were flatted and followed by polished and a dehydration process. Specimens were sputter coated with gold and examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at a x1000 to a x4000 magnification. Data were subjected to Analysis of Variance and Tukey s test (p<0.05). The load of 30 N showed the best mean of the microtensile bond strength of the both groups (17,27 ? 5,33 MPa to group 1 and 15,33 ? 2,75 MPa to group 2). The load of 10 N of group 2 showed intermediary values (9,47 ? 4,07 MPa) followed by load of 10N (9,36 ? 5,08 MPa) and 60N of group 1 (7,84 ? 2,49 MPa). The load of 60N of group 2 resulted in the lowest values (7,34 ? 2,64 MPa). The mode of failure was determined using SEM and the mixed failure werer predominant in all groups. The results suggest that different load during the luting procedures can interfere on the bond strength of resin cements.<br>Este trabalho avaliou a influ?ncia de diferentes cargas de cimenta??o na resist?ncia de uni?o de cimento resinoso convencional e autoadesivo. Para isso, foram selecionados 42 molares humanos h?gidos. Os dentes foram desgastados em politriz at? a remo??o de esmalte. Os dentes tiveram suas ra?zes embutidas em resina acr?lica autopolimeriz?vel. Foram confeccionadas pastilhas de resina composta (Filtek Z 350 XT, 3M ESPE), conforme as orienta??es do fabricante. Para cimenta??o com cimento resinoso convencional Rely X ARC (3M ESPE) Grupo 1 foi realizado condicionamento ?cido da superf?cie (?cido fosf?rico 37%), lavagem, secagem com algod?o, aplica??o de duas camadas de adesivo (Adper Single Bond 2) e fotoativa??o atrav?s de um fotopolimerizador de luz hal?gena, seguido da manipula??o e da aplica??o do cimento, conforme orienta??es do fabricante. J? a cimenta??o com o cimento resinoso autoadesivo RelyX U100 (3M ESPE) Grupo 2 foi feita em dentina ?mida, manipula??o e aplica??o do cimento de acordo com orienta??es do fabricante. Em ambos os grupos, o bloco de resina composta foi posicionado sobre o cimento com carga de 10 N, 30 N e 60 N pelo tempo de dois minutos e fotoativado pelo tempo de 160 segundos (3M ESPE). As amostras foram armazenadas por 24 horas em 100% de umidade a 37?C. As restaura??es foram inclu?das com resina acr?lica autopolimeriz?vel e submetidas a cortes seriados, obtendo-se o formato de prismas. Os esp?cimes (n=15 para cada carga) ficaram divididos conforme o cimento e a carga utilizados. Ap?s, foram submetidos ao teste de resist?ncia de uni?o a microtra??o na m?quina de ensaios universal EMIC DL-2000. Al?m disso, dois conjuntos de cada grupo foram seccionados no sentido m?sio-distal, com um disco diamantado de dupla face. As superf?cies foram polidas com lixas de carbeto de sil?cio, seguido de polimento com pastas diamantadas. As amostras foram desmineralizadas, desproteinizadas, secadas, metalizadas e observadas em microsc?pio eletr?nico de varredura em aumento de 1.000 a 4.000 vezes. Os resultados foram submetidos ? An?lise de Vari?ncia e ao teste de Tukey HSD. A carga de 30N apresentou o maior valor de resist?ncia de uni?o em ambos os grupos, sendo 17,27 ? 5.33 MPa no Grupo 2 (dois) e 15,33 ? 2.75 MPa no Grupo 1 (um). J? a carga de 10 N apresentou valores intermedi?ri?rios de resist?ncia de uni?o, sendo (9,47 ? 4.07 MPa) para o Grupo 2 (dois) e (9,36 ? 5.08) para o Grupo 1 (um). A carga de 60 N foi a que apresentou menores valores de resist?ncia de uni?o (9,47 ? 2.64 MPa) para o Grupo 2 (dois) e (9,36 ? 2.49) para o Grupo 1 (um). Houve diferen?a estat?stica entre a carga de 30 N do Grupo 2 (dois) e a carga de 60 N do Grupo 1 (um) e tamb?m entre a carga de 30 N do Grupo 2(dois) com a carga de 60 N do Grupo 2 (dois). O tipo de fratura foi analisado atrav?s de imagens obtidas em MEV e a falha do tipo mista foi predominante em ambos os grupos e cargas. Os resultados sugerem que diferentes cargas de cimenta??o podem interferir na resist?ncia de uni?o do cimento resinoso RelyX ARC e Rely X U100.

A finalidade deste trabalho foi verificar o grau de infiltração marginal em cavidades classe V, vestibulares e linguais, em dentes pré-molares humanos extraídos por razões ortodônticas e restaurados com resina composta condensável, resina composta híbrida, resina composta modificada por poliácidos e ionômero de vidro modificado por resina. Foram utilizados 50 dentes livres de cáries, que após a coleta foram limpos e fixados em formalina tamponada a 10% e, a seguir, armazenados em água destilada. Foram realizadas cavidades classe V por vestibular e lingual com 3 mm de diâmetro e 1,5 mm de profundidade, e em seguida restaurados e agrupados segundo o material restaurador escolhido em : Grupo I: dentes restaurados com resina composta condensável Alert; Grupo II: dentes restaurados com resina composta condensável Solitaire; Grupo III: dentes restaurados com resina composta híbrida Z- 250 ; Grupo IV: dentes restaurados com compômero Dyract AP e Grupo V: dentes restaurados com ionômero de vidro Vitremer (grupo controle). Concluídas as restaurações os dentes foram imersos em água destilada a 37ºC por 24 horas; polidos com discos Sof-Lex e impermeabilizados com Araldite e esmalte para unhas, preservando-se 2 mm ao redor da restauração, sem impermeabilização. Uma vez secos, os dentes foram submetidos à ciclagem térmica com temperatura de 5ºC/ 55 º C, em um total de 200 ciclos, com 30 segundos em cada banho. Os dentes foram imersos em uma solução aquosa de azul de metileno a 2% por um período de 24 horas. Concluídos os procedimentos acima, os espécimes foram lavados e cortados longitudinalmente com disco diamantado, no sentido vestíbulo-lingual. Os dentes foram examinados com lupa com aumento de 7x e classificados segundo o grau de penetração máxima do corante, utilizando-se escores de 0 a 4, segundo o número de paredes infiltradas. A análise estatística aplicada aos resultados obtidos permitiu as seguintes conclusões: a resina composta Alert demonstrou menor infiltração marginal (P<0,05), seguida do Dyract AP, sendo que ambas comportaram-se estatisticamente melhor que os demais grupos. Não houve diferença estatística significante entre a resina Z-250 e o Vitremer. A resina composta Solitaire teve o pior desempenho quanto à infiltração marginal.<br>This study compares the marginal leakage of four restorative materials: condensable resin composites (Group I: Alert and Group II: Solitaire), hybrid resin composite (Group III: Z-250) and polyacid-modified resin composite (Group IV: Dyract). Vitremer (Group V), resin- modified glass ionomer was chosen as the control group. Fifty sound pre-molars extracted for orthodontic reasons were cleaned, fixed in 10% formalin and stored in destiled water. Class V restorations (diameter= 3mm, depth= 1,5mm) were prepared in the vestibular and lingual surfaces. Following restorations placement (N=100), the samples were immersed in destiled water for 24 hours at 37º C and polished with Sof-Lex discs. The samples were made impermeable (varnish) excluding 2 mm area around the restoration. The teeth were dried and submitted to 200 termic cicles (5ºC/55ºC) each one lasting 30 seconds. The samples were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye for 24 hours and sliced longitudinally (vestibular to lingual surfaces) with diamond disc. A 7-fold magnifying glass was used to classify the samples (0-4 score) according to maximum dye penetration level and number of infiltration sites . The difference was significant (P<0,05) for Group I: Alert and Group IV: Dyract. The other three groups showed non statistically significant results with the poorest performance by Solitaire.