Journal articles: 'CIN 2'

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Crum, Christopher P. "Laboratory Management of CIN 2." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 130, no. 2 (August 2008): 162–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1309/gcvb5c4kfv7tfc7f.

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Corona Gutierrez, Carlos Manuel, Alberto Tinoco, Tania Navarro, Mario López Contreras, Roberto Risco Cortes, Patricia Calzado, Lise Reyes, et al. "Therapeutic Vaccination with MVA E2 Can Eliminate Precancerous Lesions (CIN 1, CIN 2, and CIN 3) Associated with Infection by Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus." Human Gene Therapy 15, no. 5 (May 2004): 421–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/10430340460745757.

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Mastutik, Gondo, Rahmi Alia, Alphania Rahniayu, Anny Setijo Rahaju, and Renny I’tishom. "Human pappilomavirus genotype in cervical tissue of patients with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) 1, CIN 2, and CIN 3." Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi 24, no. 3 (June 21, 2017): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mog.v24i3.4568.

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Objectives: to determine the genotype of HPV in patients with precancerous lesions of cervical tissue.Materials and Methods: An observational study with cross sectional study of patients paraffin block CIN1, CIN2, CIN3 was conducted in Dr Soetomo Hospital. HPV DNA was extracted from paraffin blocks, then performed PCR and genotyping of HPV. The sample consisted of 28 patients with cervical tissue paraffin blocks CIN1, CIN2 and CIN3. Patients aged between 26-74 years (standard deviation 10,12).Results: HPV genotypes that infect patients with CIN1 were HPV16 and 18, CIN2 were HPV16 and 52 and CIN3 were HPV16, 67, and combined infection HPV16/67 and HPV52/67. HPV genotypes in a single infection were 26/28 (HPV16, HPV18, HPV52 and HPV67), and multiple infections were 2/28 (HPV16/67 and HPV52/67).Conclusion: The most dominant HPV genotypes infect patients with precancerous lesions of the cervix were HPV16, HPV67, HPV52, and HPV18.

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Mastutik, Gondo, Rahmi Alia, Alphania Rahniayu, Anny Setijo Rahaju, Renny I’tishom, and Suhartono Taat Putra. "Human pappilomavirus genotype in cervical tissue of patients with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) 1, CIN 2, and CIN 3." Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi 24, no. 3 (March 31, 2018): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mog.v24i32016.74-78.

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Objectives: to determine the genotype of HPV in patients with precancerous lesions of cervical tissue.Materials and Methods: An observational study with cross sectional study of patients paraffin block CIN1, CIN2, CIN3 was conducted in Dr Soetomo Hospital. HPV DNA was extracted from paraffin blocks, then performed PCR and genotyping of HPV. The sample consisted of 28 patients with cervical tissue paraffin blocks CIN1, CIN2 and CIN3. Patients aged between 26-74 years (standard deviation 10,12).Results: HPV genotypes that infect patients with CIN1 were HPV16 and 18, CIN2 were HPV16 and 52 and CIN3 were HPV16, 67, and combined infection HPV16/67 and HPV52/67. HPV genotypes in a single infection were 26/28 (HPV16, HPV18, HPV52 and HPV67), and multiple infections were 2/28 (HPV16/67 and HPV52/67).Conclusion: The most dominant HPV genotypes infect patients with precancerous lesions of the cervix were HPV16, HPV67, HPV52, and HPV18.

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Katki, Hormuzd A., Mark Schiffman, Philip E. Castle, Barbara Fetterman, Nancy E. Poitras, Thomas Lorey, Li C. Cheung, Tina Raine-Bennett, Julia C. Gage, and Walter K. Kinney. "Five-Year Risk of Recurrence After Treatment of CIN 2, CIN 3, or AIS." Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease 17 (April 2013): S78—S84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/lgt.0b013e31828543c5.

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Demarco, Maria, Thomas S. Lorey, Barbara Fetterman, Li C. Cheung, Richard S. Guido, Nicolas Wentzensen, Walter K. Kinney, et al. "Risks of CIN 2+, CIN 3+, and Cancer by Cytology and Human Papillomavirus Status." Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease 21, no. 4 (October 2017): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/lgt.0000000000000343.

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Towler, Bernadette P., Les M. Irwig, and Julia M. Shelley. "The adequacy of management of women with CIN 2 and CIN 3 Pap smear abnormalities." Medical Journal of Australia 159, no. 8 (October 1993): 523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1993.tb138005.x.

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Windrum, Graham. "The adequacy of management of women with CIN 2 and CIN 3 Pap smear abnormalities." Medical Journal of Australia 160, no. 3 (February 1994): 165–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb126581.x.

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Carcopino, X., C. Muszynski, J. L. Mergui, J. Gondry, and L. Boubli. "La CIN 2 merite-t-elle la même prise en charge que la CIN 3 ?" Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité 39, no. 2 (February 2011): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gyobfe.2010.11.001.

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Sykes, Peter, Carrie Innes, Dianne Harker, Martin Whitehead, Rachael van der Griend, Beverley Lawton, Merilyn Hibma, et al. "Observational Management of CIN 2 in Young Women." Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease 20, no. 4 (October 2016): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/lgt.0000000000000244.

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K, Kalpanadevi, and Sinduja C.R. "SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATION AND BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF [M(CIN)2(N2H4)2] (M=NI/CD)." Kongunadu Research Journal 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj10.

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12

Babkina, N., D. Heller, L. Goldsmith, and K. Houck. "Abstract 16: Outcome after cervical conization for CIN 2 or CIN 3 in HIV-positive women." Gynecologic Oncology 131, no. 1 (October 2013): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.04.046.

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Souza, Carlos, Michelle Discacciati, Maria d'Otavianno, Silvia Bergo, Markus Traue, Liliana Andrade, and Luiz Zeferino. "Underdiagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or Worse Lesion in Women with a Previous Colposcopy-Guided Biopsy Showing CIN 1." Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics 39, no. 03 (March 2017): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1599071.

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Objective Expectant follow-up for biopsy-proven cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1 is the current recommendation for the management of this lesion. Nevertheless, the performance of the biopsy guided by colposcopy might not be optimal. Therefore, this study aimed to calculate the rate of underdiagnoses of more severe lesions in women with CIN 1 diagnosis and to evaluate whether age, lesion extent and biopsy site are factors associated with diagnostic failure. Methods Eighty women with a diagnosis of CIN 1 obtained by colposcopy-guided biopsy were selected for this study. These women were herein submitted to large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ). The prevalence of lesions more severe than CIN 1 was calculated, and the histological diagnoses of the LLETZ specimens were grouped into two categories: “CIN 1 or less” and “CIN 2 or worse.” Results The prevalence of lesions diagnosed as CIN 2 or worse in the LLETZ specimens was of 19% (15/80). Three women revealed CIN 3, and 1 woman revealed a sclerosing adenocarcinoma stage I-a, a rare type of malignant neoplasia of low proliferation, which was not detected by either colposcopy or previous biopsy. The underdiagnosis of CIN 2 was not associated with the women's age, lesion extension and biopsy site. Conclusions The standard methods used for the diagnosis of CIN 1 may underestimate the severity of the true lesion and, therefore, women undergoing expectant management must have an adequate follow-up.

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Austin, Robert Marshall. "ATHENA Trial CIN 2+ Cervical Biopsy Misclassifications Raise Questions." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 137, no. 6 (June 2012): 1012.1–1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1309/ajcpmrvtj8ip1lwh.

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15

Fonseca-Moutinho, J. A., E. Cruz, L. Carvalho, H. J. M. Prazeres, M. M. P. De Lacerda, D. P. Da Silva, F. Mota, and C. F. De Oliveira. "Estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and bcl-2 are markers with prognostic significance in CIN III." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 14, no. 5 (2004): 911–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200409000-00026.

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There are no known biological markers or technologies to predict the natural history of an individual CIN III. The probability of progression is considered greater with the persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and age. p53 polymorphism has been associated with cervical carcinogenesis. Hormone-induced cervical cancer is mediated by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR). In cervical cancer, increased bcl-2 and Bax immunoreactivity is generally associated with a better prognosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of HPV 16 and HPV 18 typing and p53 codon polymorphism genotyping by polymerase chain reaction and ER, PR, bcl-2, and Bax expression by immunohistochemistry in predicting the CIN III clinical behavior of CIN III lesions. We studied the expression of these prognostic factors in the CIN III adjacent to squamous cell microinvasive carcinomas of the cervix (MIC) from 29 patients with FIGO stage IA1 cervical cancer and in 25 patients with CIN III and no documented focus of invasion. In the MIC group, only the CIN III was considered at least 2 mm away from the microinvasive complex. The ER, PR, bcl-2, and Bax immunoreactivity was scored as positive (>10% staining cells) and negative (<10% staining cells). No significant difference was observed between MIC and CIN III group concerning HPV infection and p53 polymorphism. The ER, PR, bcl-2, and Bax immunohistochemical expression was stronger and more frequent in the CIN III group. After multivariable analysis, coexpression of ER, PR, and bcl-2 was the only independent factor in defining low risk of progression for CIN III. Our study suggests that coexpression of ER, PR, and bcl-2 may be a useful tool in identifying the CIN III lesions with low risk of progression to cervical cancer.

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Wesełucha-Birczyńska, A., B. Oleksyn, C. Paluszkiewicz, and J. Śliwiński. "X-ray and vibrational temperature dependence investigations of [(cin H2)2+(CuCl4)2−]2·3H2O." Journal of Molecular Structure 511-512 (November 1999): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2860(99)00172-6.

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Schwarz, Tino F. "Signifikant weniger CIN-Läsionen durch HPV-Impfprogramm." gynäkologie + geburtshilfe 20, no. 1 (February 2015): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15013-015-0613-2.

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TER HARMSEL, BRAM, FRANK SMEDTS, JOHAN KUIJPERS, MARCEL JEUNINK, BAPTIST TRIMBOS, and FRANS RAMAEKERS. "BCL-2 IMMUNOREACTIVITY INCREASES WITH SEVERITY OF CIN: A STUDY OF NORMAL CERVICAL EPITHELIA, CIN, AND CERVICAL CARCINOMA." Journal of Pathology 179, no. 1 (May 1996): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9896(199605)179:1<26::aid-path516>3.0.co;2-e.

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19

Lubrano, Amina, Norberto Medina, Virginia Benito, Octavio Arencibia, Juan Miguel Falcón, Laureano Leon, Jesús Molina, and Orlando Falcón. "Follow-up after LLETZ: a study of 682 cases of CIN 2–CIN 3 in a single institution." European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 161, no. 1 (March 2012): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.11.023.

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20

Gonzalez-Bosquet, Eduardo, Monica Gibert, Mariona Serra, Alicia Hernandez-Saborit, and Alba Gonzalez-Fernandez. "Candidate HPV genotypes not included in the 9-valent vaccine for prevention of CIN 2–3." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 30, no. 7 (May 28, 2020): 954–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2019-001069.

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ObjectivesTo identify the prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes – as a single infection or co-infection – not included in the 9-valent (9v) HPV vaccine among women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2–3).MethodsRetrospective study of 1700 women referred due to abnormal cytology to Sant Joan de Deu Hospital. We selected 849 patients with CIN 2 or CIN 3 diagnosis confirmed by biopsy. An HPV test, a second cytology, and colposcopy were performed on all patients.Those with abnormal colposcopy underwent cervical biopsy. Patients with abnormal cytology and normal colposcopy or transformation zone type 3 underwent endocervical curetage. Conization was performed if punch biopsy or endocervical curetage confirmed CIN 2–3 or if a CIN 1 lesion persisted (diagnosed by biopsy) over 2 years in patients over 25 years of age. Comparisons for qualitative variables were analyzed with the chi-squared test. Analysis of variance was used for comparisons involving more than two samples.ResultsHPV was detected in 746 of 849 patients (87.9%) and in 306 (41%) of those where more than one HPV genotype was present. The more frequent genotypes detected as single infection were: HPV-16 (267/849%–31.4%), HPV 31 (34/849–4%), HPV-33 (20/849%–2.4%), HPV-58 (17/849%–2%), HPV-51 (15/849%–1.8%), and HPV-53 (12/849%–1.4%). The more frequent genotypes isolated including multiple HPV infection were HPV-16 (427/849%–50.2%), HPV-31 (108/849%–12.7%), HPV-51 (79/849%–9.3%), HPV-33 (67/849%–7.8%), HPV-58 (67/849%–7.8%), and HPV-52 (59/849%–6.9%). In total, 78% of women diagnosed with CIN 2 or CIN 3 had an infection by a HPV genotype included in the 9v vaccine. Of the 849 women diagnosed with CIN 2 or CIN 3, 103 (12.1%) tested negative for HPV and 106 (12.4%) tested positive for low-risk HPV types.ConclusionsInclusion of HPV-51, 53, 66, and 35 in a new vaccine may not be advisable as most are detected as coinfection with other high-risk genotypes that are already included in the current vaccines.

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NELSON, ROXANNE. "Physicians Debate Conservative Versus Aggressive Treatment of CIN 2 Lesions." Family Practice News 36, no. 13 (July 2006): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-7073(06)73469-7.

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Mayer, R., and A. K. Müller. "1-Thiol-3-selenol-thion-(2), cin neuer Heterocyclus [1]." Zeitschrift für Chemie 4, no. 10 (September 2, 2010): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zfch.19640041007.

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Reich, Olaf, and Sigrid Regauer. "Initial diagnosis of CIN 2–should patients be managed expectatively?" American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 206, no. 3 (March 2012): e11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2011.11.003.

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Rodolakis, A., J. Biliatis, and N. Thomakos. "Chromosome 3q26 gain for identification of women less likely to progress from LSIL/CIN 1 to HSIL/≥CIN 2." Gynecologic Oncology 120 (March 2011): S106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.12.251.

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Inada, Natalia Mayumi, Hilde Harb Buzzá, Marieli Fernanda Martins Leite, Cristina Kurachi, Jose Roberto Trujillo, Cynthia Aparecida de Castro, Fernanda Mansano Carbinatto, Welington Lombardi, and Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato. "Long Term Effectiveness of Photodynamic Therapy for CIN Treatment." Pharmaceuticals 12, no. 3 (July 12, 2019): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph12030107.

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(1) Background: Cervical cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. The highest incidence rates are in Africa, followed by South-Central Asia and South America. According to the Brazilian National Institute of Cancer (INCA), 16,370 new cases of cervical cancer were estimated for each year of the biennium of 2018–2019. About 90% of cervical cancers originate from the malignant progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) which is classified based on cytohistological characteristics (low- and high-grade lesions). The present study reports the long-term effectiveness of topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) for CIN grades 1 and 2/3 with up to two years of follow up. (2) Methods: A total of 56 patients with CIN 1, ten with CIN 2, and 14 patients for the placebo group were enrolled in this study. (3) Results: 75% (n = 42) of CIN 1 patients presented a complete response to PDT and only 23.2% (n = 13) of recurrence, progression, and/or lesions remaining two years after PDT. For CIN 2/3 patients, 90% were observed to be cured after one and two years of follow up. (4) Conclusions: PDT presented best results two years after a non-invasive, fast, and low-cost procedure and in comparison with the placebo group, preventing the progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and preserving the cervix.

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Pierry, Deirdre, Gerald Weiss, Benjamin Lack, Victor Chen, and Judy Fusco. "Intracellular Human Papillomavirus E6, E7 mRNA Quantification Predicts CIN 2+ in Cervical Biopsies Better Than Papanicolaou Screening for Women Regardless of Age." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 136, no. 8 (August 1, 2012): 956–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2011-0180-oa.

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Context.—Cervical cancer screening in women younger than 30 years relies on cervical cytology because of the poor performance of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing in this age group. Objectives.—To determine the performance of in-cell HPV E6, E7 mRNA quantification (HPV OncoTect) for the detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women younger than 30 years. Design.—We analyzed 3133 cytology specimens from a screening population of women aged 19–75 years investigate HPV OncoTect as a triage/secondary screening test for atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) cytology in women younger than 30 years. Test results were compared to histology in 246 cases. Results.—The sensitivity of E6, E7 mRNA was 89% for CIN 2+ and 100% for CIN 3+ lesions in women 30 years and older. In women younger than 30 years, the sensitivity of E6, E7 mRNA for CIN 2+ lesions was 88% for CIN 2+ and 92% for CIN 3+ lesions. Abnormal cytology (≥ASCUS) exhibited a sensitivity of 89% for CIN 2+ and 100% for CIN 3+ in women 30 years and older and 96% sensitivity for CIN 2+ and 93% sensitivity for CIN 3+ in women younger than 30. The specificity of E6, E7 mRNA was >80% for CIN 2+ and CIN 3+ in both groups of women compared to a specificity of abnormal cytology of <10% for CIN 2+ and CIN 3+ in both groups. Conclusions.—HPV OncoTect demonstrates a performance that would be effective for ASCUS/LSIL triage in women including those younger than 30 years.

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Gashi, Goneta, Elton Bahtiri, Arjeta Podrimaj-Bytyqi, Luan Morina, Luljeta Gashi, Leujeta Shabanaj, and Isa R. Elezaj. "Genomic instability in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients diagnosed with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions: CIN 2 versus CIN 3." Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 854-855 (June 2020): 503202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503202.

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Katki, Hormuzd A., Mark Schiffman, Philip E. Castle, Barbara Fetterman, Nancy E. Poitras, Thomas Lorey, Li C. Cheung, Tina Raine-Bennett, Julia C. Gage, and Walter K. Kinney. "Five-Year Risks of CIN 2+ and CIN 3+ Among Women With HPV-Positive and HPV-Negative LSIL Pap Results." Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease 17 (April 2013): S43—S49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/lgt.0b013e3182854269.

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Arends, Mark J., Yvonne K. Donaldson, Edward Duvall, Andrew H. Wyllie, and Colin C. Bird. "HPV in full thickness cervical biopsies: High prevalence in CIN 2 and CIN 3 detected by a sensitive PCR method." Journal of Pathology 165, no. 4 (December 1991): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/path.1711650405.

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Loobuyek, Henk A., and Ian D. Duncan. "Destruction of CIN 1 and 2 With the Semm Cold Coagulator." Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 49, no. 2 (February 1994): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006254-199402000-00018.

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Nygård, Jan F., Torill Sauer, Finn Egil Skjeldestad, Gry Baadstr, Skare NIL, and Steinar Østerbø Thoresen. "CIN 2/3 and Cervical Cancer After an ASCUS Pap Smear." Acta Cytologica 47, no. 6 (2003): 991–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000326673.

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Cullimore, J. E., C. B. J. Woodman, D. M. Luesley, J. A. Jordan, and P. Byrne. "WHEN LASER VAPORISATION FOR CIN FAILS, WHAT NEXT?" Lancet 333, no. 8637 (March 1989): 561–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90106-2.

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KAPETANIOS, V., A. C. LAZARIS, P. BOGRIS, S. KOUNELI, A. NONNI, H. ARVANITI, E. KOURI, et al. "Extracellular regulated kinase-2 immunoreactivity increases in parallel with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade in cervical neoplasia." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 18, no. 3 (May 2008): 540–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.01057.x.

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The cell cycle control system includes cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK), and their inhibitors (CDK1). Extracellular regulated kinase (ERK1/2) (p44 and p42 mitogen-activated protein kinases [MAPKs]) is a component of the MAPK pathway, which is associated with cyclin D1 and CDK. It is a critical signaling system for the induction of cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell survival. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of ERK2 expression as a marker of biological aggressiveness complementary to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade as well as to compare its expression in preinvasive lesions with that in invasive carcinoma. Paraffin-embedded sections of 146 CIN lesions (32 CIN I, 49 CIN II, and 43 CIN III) and 22 invasive cervical carcinomas (13 squamous and 9 adenocarcinomas) were used for the standard immunohistochemical procedure with the application of the ERK2 monoclonal antibody. ERK2 staining displayed a cytoplasmic and nuclear pattern. The staining intensity was gradually increased according to the severity of the dysplastic lesions; ERK2 immunoreactivity was significantly increased in high-grade dysplastic lesions (CIN II and CIN III) and invasive carcinomas by comparison to low-grade dysplastic lesions (CIN I) (P < 0.001). When high-grade lesions were separately assessed, the differences between each one of them and CIN I retained their statistical significance: CIN II versus CIN I (P < 0.001) and CIN III versus CIN I (P < 0.001). In conclusion, our study found a direct relationship between the increasing grade of the dysplastic cervical lesions and the intensity of ERK2 staining, thus implying a role of ERK2 as an early event in cervical carcinogenesis.

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Lee, Yoon Hee, Gi-Ung Kang, Se Young Jeon, Setu Bazie Tagele, Huy Quang Pham, Min-Sueng Kim, Sajjad Ahmad, et al. "Vaginal Microbiome-Based Bacterial Signatures for Predicting the Severity of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia." Diagnostics 10, no. 12 (November 26, 2020): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10121013.

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Although emerging evidence revealed that the gut microbiome served as a tool and as biomarkers for predicting and detecting specific cancer or illness, it is yet unknown if vaginal microbiome-derived bacterial markers can be used as a predictive model to predict the severity of CIN. In this study, we sequenced V3 region of 16S rRNA gene on vaginal swab samples from 66 participants (24 CIN 1−, 42 CIN 2+ patients) and investigated the taxonomic composition. The vaginal microbial diversity was not significantly different between the CIN 1− and CIN 2+ groups. However, we observed Lactobacillus amylovorus dominant type (16.7%), which does not belong to conventional community state type (CST). Moreover, a minimal set of 33 bacterial species was identified to maximally differentiate CIN 2+ from CIN 1− in a random forest model, which can distinguish CIN 2+ from CIN 1− (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.952). Among the 33 bacterial species, Lactobacillus iners was selected as the most impactful predictor in our model. This finding suggests that the random forest model is able to predict the severity of CIN and vaginal microbiome may play a role as biomarker.

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Altintop, Ismail, Mehmet Tatli, Cigdem Karakukcu, Zeynep Soyer Sarica, Arzu Hanım Yay, Esra Balcioglu, and Ahmet Ozturk. "Serum and Tissue HIF-2 Alpha Expression in CIN, N-Acetyl Cysteine, and Sildenafil-Treated Rat Models: An Experimental Study." Medicina 54, no. 4 (July 30, 2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina54040054.

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Background and Objectives: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), is acute renal damage due to contrast agents. This study is conducted to evaluate serum and renal heterodimeric nuclear transcription factor (HIF)-2 alpha levels and its tissue expression in contrast-induced nephropathy, and in N-acetyl cysteine (NAC)-and Sildenafil-treated rat models. Materials/Methods: This randomized, controlled, interventional animal study was conducted on Wistar rats. Rats (n = 36) were randomly assigned to four groups: control (n = 9), CIN group (n = 9), CIN + NAC group (n = 9), and sildenafil (n = 9). The rat model was used to form iohexol-originated CIN. During the modeling, prophylactic treatment was performed at the 24th and 48th h. After 48 h of modeling, blood, urine, and tissue samples were obtained for biochemical analyses. HIF-2-α levels were measured in renal tissue, serum, and urine samples. Renal sections were also performed for histopathologic and immunohistochemical evaluations of renal injury and HIF-2-α expression. Results: In the CIN model, HIF-2α levels and other biochemical parameters were significantly increased (p < 0.01). Both sildenafil and NAC efficiently decreased renal damage due to contrast agents, as shown in histopathologic examinations (p < 0.05). Similarly, after treatment with sildenafil and NAC, HIF-2α levels were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The current study shows that serum and tissue HIF-2α levels decrease in CIN. Besides, the levels and tissue expression of HIF-2α decrease with both NAC and sildenafil treatments. With further studies, HIF-2α can be investigated as a biomarker of CIN and can be used in the follow-up of patients with CIN.

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Duggan, M�ire A., and Penny M. A. Brasher. "Accuracy of Pap tests reported as CIN I." Diagnostic Cytopathology 21, no. 2 (August 1999): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0339(199908)21:2<129::aid-dc10>3.0.co;2-m.

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Geng, L. "P534 Subsequent risk and presentation of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2/3 after a colposcopic diagnosis of CIN 1 or less." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 107 (October 2009): S564—S565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(09)62024-5.

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García-Hernández, E., J. L. González-Sánchez, A. Andrade-Manzano, M. L. Contreras, S. Padilla, C. C. Guzmán, R. Jiménez, et al. "Regression of papilloma high-grade lesions (CIN 2 and CIN 3) is stimulated by therapeutic vaccination with MVA E2 recombinant vaccine." Cancer Gene Therapy 13, no. 6 (February 3, 2006): 592–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.cgt.7700937.

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Loffredo D’Ottaviano, Maria Gabriela, Michelle Garcia Discacciati, Maria Antonieta Andreoli, Maria Cecília Costa, Lara Termini, Silvia H. Rabelo-Santos, Luisa Lina Villa, and Luiz Carlos Zeferino. "HPV 16 Is Related to the Progression of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2: A Case Series." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/328909.

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Purpose. To describe the acquisition, persistence, and clearance of HPV infection in women with CIN 2 followed up for 12 months.Methods. Thirty-seven women with CIN 2 biopsy, who have proven referral to cervical smear showing low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and tested for HPV, were followed up for one year with cervical smear, colposcopy, and HPV test every three months. HPV DNA was detected by the polymerase chain reaction and genotyping by reverse line blot hybridization assay.Results. CIN 2 regression rate was 49% (18/37), persistence as CIN 1 or CIN 2 was 22% (8/37), and progression to CIN 3 was 29% (11/37). Multiple HPV types were observed at admission in 41% (15/37) of cases. HPV 16 was detected at admission in 58% (11/19) of the cases that persisted/progressed and in 39% (7/18) of the cases that regressed. HPV 16 was considered possibly causal in 67% (10/15) of the cases that persisted or progressed and in 10% (1/10) of the cases that regressed (P=0.01).Conclusion. Multiple HPV infections were frequently detected among women with CIN 2 at admission and during the followup. The CIN 2 associated with HPV 16 was more likely to persist or to progress to CIN 3.

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Kooiman, Thea J. M., Martijn de Groot, Klaas Hoogenberg, Wim P. Krijnen, Cees P. van der Schans, and Adriaan Kooy. "Self-tracking of Physical Activity in People With Type 2 Diabetes." CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing 36, no. 7 (July 2018): 340–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cin.0000000000000443.

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Burns, Pippa, Judy Mullan, Robyn Gillespie, Lindsey Harrison, Khin Than Win, Amanda Baker, Victoria Traynor, et al. "Evaluating the Managing Medicines for People With Dementia Website Version 2." CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing 37, no. 1 (January 2019): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cin.0000000000000475.

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Lan, Jingqiu, and Genji Qin. "The Regulation of CIN-like TCP Transcription Factors." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 12 (June 24, 2020): 4498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124498.

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TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR 1 and 2 (TCP) family proteins are the plant-specific transcription factors extensively participating in diverse developmental processes by integrating external cues with internal signals. The roles of CINCINNATA (CIN)-like TCPs are conserved in control of the morphology and size of leaves, petal development, trichome formation and plant flowering. The tight regulation of CIN-like TCP activity at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels are central for plant developmental plasticity in response to the ever-changing environmental conditions. In this review, we summarize recent progresses with regard to the function and regulation of CIN-like TCPs. CIN-like TCPs are regulated by abiotic and biotic cues including light, temperature and pathogens. They are also finely controlled by microRNA319 (miRNA319), chromatin remodeling complexes and auxin homeostasis. The protein degradation plays critical roles in tightly controlling the activity of CIN-like TCPs as well.

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Edridge, William. "Recurrence of CIN 2 and 3 after treatment in HIV positive patients." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 219, no. 2 (August 2018): 216–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2018.04.019.

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Umphress, Brandon, Beatriz Sanchez, Ajit Paintal, Ritu Nayar, and Kruti P. Maniar. "Utility of CK7 Versus p16 as a Prognostic Biomarker in CIN 2." American Journal of Surgical Pathology 42, no. 4 (April 2018): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pas.0000000000001032.

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Rodolakis, A., E. Diakomanolis, D. Haidopoulos, G. Vlachos, and S. Michalas. "CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT OF CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA (CIN 2–3) IN PREGNANT WOMEN." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 13, Suppl 1 (March 2003): 34.2–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200303001-00118.

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FITZGERALD, SHARON A., ALEJANDRO GUTIERREZ OCAMPO, KENIA YAZMIN REYNA BLANCO, VIRGINIA LEWIS, A. PAULA CUPERTINO, and EDWARD F. ELLERBECK. "Addressing the Needs of Latinos With Type 2 Diabetes Through Online Patient Education." CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing 32, no. 9 (September 2014): 451–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cin.0000000000000091.

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Peremislov, Diana. "Patient Use of the Electronic Communication Portal in Management of Type 2 Diabetes." CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing 35, no. 9 (September 2017): 473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cin.0000000000000348.

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Sverdlova, E. S., and T. V. Dianova. "Features of papillomavirus infection in HIV-infected women." Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases 17, no. 4 (August 15, 2012): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/eid40631.

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As participation of immune system in the protection of human papillomavirus (HPV) has been proven, the incidence of HPV infection leading to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) among HIV-positive women is 4 times higher than in HIV-negative cases. In the presence of HIV HPV implements oncoprogram during 6-12 months. Сytokine imbalance makes a significant contribution to the progression of HIV in combination with HPV. The criteria of selection of patients with HIV for therapy cytokines in CIN 2-3 (Roncoleukin used in the author's scheme). Using Ronkoleukin in combination with HAART in HIV-positive women can delay the progression of CIN 2-3 in cervical cancer. The criteria of selection of HIV female patients for the therapy with cytokines at the 2-3 stage of CIN ( Roncoleukin was used in the author's scheme) have been detected. Application Roncoleukin in combination with HAART in HIV-positive women can delay the progression of cervical cancer at the CIN 2-3 stage.

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Weese, J., P. D. Sandhu, A. Mody, H. Ozer, M. Jafari, A. H. Tfayli, and K. Kojouri. "Assessment of diabetes mellitus (DM) as a risk factor for development of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e13537-e13537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e13537.

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e13537 Background: DM is the most common cause of kidney disease in the US, and it may increase the risk of CIN. In vivo studies however suggest that DM not only is not a risk factor for CIN, it may even be protective. This may be explained by dysfunction of organic cation transporter-2, the critical transporter for cisplatin uptake in proximal tubules, in diabetic kidneys. We conducted a case-control study to assess the relationship between DM and CIN. Methods: Records of all patients (pts) who received cisplatin between 1/1/00 and 12/31/06 at Oklahoma City VA Hospital were reviewed. DM was diagnosed if pt had (1) been taking anti-diabetic treatment, or (2) Hgb A1C ≥6.5%, or (3) ≥2 fasting outpatient serum glucose levels 126–199 mg/dl, or (4) ≥1 serum glucose level ≥200 mg/dl at any time, prior to receiving cisplatin. CIN was defined as increase in serum creatinine (SCr) by ≥50% above baseline and higher than upper limit of normal, after exclusion of other causes of elevated SCr, during or within 8 weeks of completion of treatment. Continuous variables are reported by means and ranges, and compared using 2-tailed student's t test. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated to compare risk of CIN between diabetics and non-diabetics. Results: Two hundred pts (2 females, 198 males) received cisplatin in the study period, 50 (25%) were diabetic. Distribution of age (years, diabetics: 62 [46–77]; non-diabetics: 60 [26–79], p = 0.18) and baseline SCr (mg/dl, diabetics: 1.0 [0.4–1.5]; non-diabetics: 1.0 [0.5–1.6], p = 0.86) were similar between the two groups. Overall 15% of pts (30 of 200) developed CIN. Risk of CIN was not different between diabetics (8 of 50 pts, 16%) and non-diabetics (22 of 150 pts, 14.7%); OR = 1.11 (95% CI = 0.46 to 2.67) (Table). Conclusions: DM was not shown to be a risk factor for development of CIN. This finding is consistent with in vivo data obtained through animal diabetic models. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Discacciati, Michelle G., Ismael DCG da Silva, Luisa L. Villa, Leandro Reis, Priscila Hayashi, Maria C. Costa, Silvia H. Rabelo-Santos, and Luiz C. Zeferino. "Prognostic Value of DNA and mRNA E6/E7 of Human Papillomavirus in the Evolution of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2." Biomarker Insights 9 (January 2014): BMI.S14296. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/bmi.s14296.

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Objective This study aimed at evaluating whether human papillomavirus (HPV) groups and E6/E7 mRNA of HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, and 45 are prognostic of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 outcome in women with a cervical smear showing a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). Methods This cohort study included women with biopsy-confirmed CIN 2 who were followed up for 12 months, with cervical smear and colposcopy performed every three months. Results Women with a negative or low-risk HPV status showed 100% CIN 2 regression. The CIN 2 regression rates at the 12-month follow-up were 69.4% for women with alpha-9 HPV versus 91.7% for other HPV species or HPV-negative status ( P < 0.05). For women with HPV 16, the CIN 2 regression rate at the 12-month follow-up was 61.4% versus 89.5% for other HPV types or HPV-negative status ( P < 0.05). The CIN 2 regression rate was 68.3% for women who tested positive for HPV E6/E7 mRNA versus 82.0% for the negative results, but this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions The expectant management for women with biopsy-confirmed CIN 2 and previous cytological tests showing LSIL exhibited a very high rate of spontaneous regression. HPV 16 is associated with a higher CIN 2 progression rate than other HPV infections. HPV E6/E7 mRNA is not a prognostic marker of the CIN 2 clinical outcome, although this analysis cannot be considered conclusive. Given the small sample size, this study could be considered a pilot for future larger studies on the role of predictive markers of CIN 2 evolution.

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Journal articles on the topic 'CIN 2'

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