Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cinéma – Langage'
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Sifianos, Georges. "Langage et esthétique du cinéma d'animation." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010601.
Full textThis thesis is an attempt to investigate the language and aesthetics of the animation cinema. The first part of the thesis examines the structures principles on which the phenomenon of animation is based. After an introduction concerning animation in general, and animation cinema in particular, we concentrate on the basic component elements of the latter, that is, the picture and the motion. The physiology of vision, the psychology of perception and the cinematographic techniques then become our starting points from which we focus on the animation cinema and examine its particularities. The second part of this thesis is concerned with the techniques and the materials used. In this part we attempt to develop the whole range of the possibilities of the animation cinema - from the simple cartoon to pictures produced with the aid of computers - and aim to identify the specific language characteristics which derive from this material
Roblou, Yann. "La violence du langage dans les films de Stanley Kubrick." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100021.
Full textViolence is an easily identifiable phenomenon but an evanescent concept. It seems to constitute the very essence of filmmaker stanley kubrick's work. Beginning with the interaction of violence and language, we have tried to show that, in the context of his films, these two terms condition a formal as well as a thematic aesthetics. As a matter of fact, the cinematographic language used by the director bears evident marks of the relation between violence and pictorial composition, sound, editing and field of reference. We can also find examples of symbolic violence concerning the human body, machines, power and death. Finally, it is possible to notice the emergence of a reflection, through the dramatization of the eye and of the activity of vision, leading to the spectator's awareness of the part he has to play in his relation to the film
Zhao, Haifeng. "Le cinéma muet chinois. Etude sur le langage cinématographique." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030028/document.
Full textThe earliest film in China was the documentary of Chinese opera. It was the first time that the film language appeared in Victims of Opium of 1916. In the 1920s, the Chinese film industry came into being, building up many film studios and producing a quantity of Hollywood style feature films. The production of Chinese silent films had never stopped until the 1930s, when the concept of mise en scène had begun to pay attention to the continuity of time and space, showing the concept of modern film. As for the motion photography, the rational concepts of time and space in the West have been revealed in SUN Yu’s films while FEI Mu has created the implicit images by using motion photography. Thus, in the 1930s, there were three major types of film aesthetic tendencies: the dramatic films, Hollywood-style films and the films with Chinese traditional aesthetic tendency. In the silent era of films, the tradition had become the apparent aesthetic tendency in Chinese films, but it hadn’t developed into the mature film style. Not until the beginning of the 1940s of sound films had this tendency become a distinct national characteristic, which were keeping the integrity of single shot, frequently using le plan-séquence and ongoing motion photography. Chinese traditional opera and paintings have great influence on this film aesthetics, which shows Chinese traditional aesthetics revealed in the film art. The tradition in Chinese films has also been shown in today’s Chinese films; however, it is a style of the art film rather than the film aesthetics of those hot commercial films
Magna, Richard. "Le clignotement et le spectateur-écran : phénoménologie des actes de langage cinématographiques." Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030148.
Full textDemirkan, Murat. "Le simultanéisme et le langage cinématographique dans l'oeuvre de Jules Romains." Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030145.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the notion of simultaneism and the cinematographic language in the work of jules romains. It's divided in four parts. The first part deals with the histocical of simultaneity in textual, visual and sonorous arts. Then, the study of jules romains'novels shows that the auther resorts to grammatical, rhetorical and philosophical proceedings, and especially to the alternate montage and to the "cut" editing in order to compensate the textual linearity. The fird part takes stock of the auther's cinematographic activities and of the question of simultaneity in romains' theatre and cinema, because this writer takes advantage of every possible means that the cinematographic simultaneity of that time offers. We also analyse the cinematographic proceedings in jules romains'novels in order to see the repercussions of these activities upon his writing. The last chapter explains the problematic of simultaneity and succession in the novel and in the cinema
Oh, Jungmin. "La notion de vacuité (Śûnyatâ) et son expression en langage cinématographique." Amiens, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AMIE0010.
Full textChirouze, Alexandre. "Approche communicationnelle des films de fiction : une étude des mécanismes de co-construction de sens." Montpellier 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON30025.
Full textThis research intends to study the observable interactions between the conception of films and the “receiving situation” from the spectator’s point of view. It aims at better understanding how filmic communication works, so as to contribute to the improvement of the methods of fictional film conception. By basing itself on the comprehensive approach, this research attempts to answer a good deal of theoretical and practical questions which are federated by one underlying question: “what are the mechanisms of meaning construction in a fictional film”? After having borrowed from semiology and especially image and cinema semiology, from cinematic semiolinguistics and information and communication sciences, the comprehensive approach required the implementation of a qualitative research methodology. Fifteen spectator groups ranging between 18 and 25 years of age were interviewed after the screening of a fictional very short film which was produced in five different versions. Their analysis sheds light, amongst others, on: the role of memory on perception, the work of internal re-editing by spectators, the solidity of individual interpretation, the significance of imagination in meaning construction by the spectator and the vividness of value judgments
Carayol, Cécile. "Un langage musical spécifique au cinéma : du modèle américain à l'émergence d'une nouvelle forme de symphonisme dans le cinéma français contemporain." Rennes 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN20002.
Full textThe existence of a specific musical language in the cinema is put in perspective by the study of two forms of symphonisms – the rehabilitation of the American model and the « intimist symphonism » in the French contemporary features films since the end of the 1990s. The analysis of the scores composed for Angel and Huit femmes shows a return to the tradition of the American melodramas of the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s. Through the dimensions – epic, lyric and fantastic – present in movies such as Les rivières pourpres, Nid de guêpes, Joyeux Noël or Jeux d’enfants, we notice an assimilation of the musical characteristics of neo-hollywoodism. Besides, the emergence of a new form of symphonism observed in scores such as Swimming Pool, Sous le sable, Sur mes lèvres, De battre mon cœur s’est arrêté, Confidences trop intimes or Hell expresses itself by a symphonic orchestration that privileges the “transparency” of the instrumental color, a restrained lyricism and develops an emotional empathy with the action of the movie by avoiding a descriptive synchronization. The appropriation of the characteristics coming from the minimalism and impressionism intensifies the concision and the working drawing of this symphonism. This musicological approach allows to clarify the way the original symphonic music is outlined in the beginning of twenty-first century and how, in the eyes of what preexist in the history of the French cinema, it distinguishes itself
Chang, Tao-Ping. "La question des langues dans les films taïwanais." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030038.
Full textWhich languages are spoken in Taiwanese films? What are the links between these languages and Taiwan cinema? These questions, far from being secondary, will help us to understand and distinguish different characteristics of Taiwan cinema in its development over more than half a century. Indeed, with the coexistence of several languages in Taiwan, multilingualism is both a social fact and an important feature of its cinema. The aim of this research is to examine, from a linguistic perspective, the complex relationships between languages spoken in Taiwan and its cinema. The first part of this thesis will describe the development of Taiwan cinema and the evolution of languages in its society over the last one hundred years. Through this historical approach, which addresses world renowned authors and those writing in popular national genres, we will see how the use of languages is, as much for the people as the films, strongly influenced by governmental policy, economic development and interactions between communities, to the point where Taiwan cinema features the multiple languages used during different historical periods. Based on these observations, we will then analyze four films in the second part and discuss the relationships between languages, narrative, style, and the social position of characters in the films. With these case studies, we will see how the use of languages in the films is not just a narrative function, but also something which closely connects society and culture and contributes to the richness of Taiwan cinema
Byun, Daniel Hyuk. "Visualiser l'invisible : la représentation de la pensée au cinéma." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010690.
Full textSánchez, Rivera Sonia. "Regards cinématographiques et corps adolescents. Une lecture poétique et socio-politique des représentations de l’adolescence dans six films contemporains." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0069/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the representations of adolescence in contemporary independent cinema. It is a question of examining the presentation in images and in discourse of this social phenomenon in six films coming from Europe and America and released in room between 2009 and 2014. By situating ourselves in the domains of Sciences of the Information and Communication, we articulate a semiotic and pragmatic approach to account for the plastic, aesthetic and communicational aspects of the films of the corpus. Our poetic and socio-political analysis simultaneously explores the cinematographic language, the conditions of production and the horizon of expectation to which the works refer.The first part sets out the theoretical categories and the method to follow to detect the relations between adolescence, cinema and representation. The second part captures the forms and effects of meaning of the films. The body is taken as the foundation of the representation of adolescence, a semiotic, social and political object. The third part focuses on the emergence of images of adolescent bodies and discourses likely to engender a look at cinematographic adolescence as a symbolic and social construction.The thesis concludes that these films constitute discourses on the adolescent universe, invite to deliberation, using a set of filmic forms that lead to reflections on the social, historical and cultural world that is deployed there. The semio-pragmatic angle makes it possible to interpret the messages that feature films want to deliver on the content of these representations in the frameworks of societies, the way in which the discourses on adolescence conform to social discourses that advocate a stance on this phenomenon
Burgin, Alice. "Images de l'Afrique et publics transnationaux : le cinéma d'Afrique de l'ouest dans le contexte francophone." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100052.
Full textFor over fifty years, Francophone West African (FWA) celluloid art cinema has remained reliant on international support from France, which, as a self-proclaimed champion of art cinema in the global arena, remains the FWA film industry's primary producer and consumer. At the same time, the various attempts to create a sustainable, domestic industry in the region continue to fail, and international interest in this cinema is on the wane, leading to the description of this industry as “an invisible cinema”. There remains only scant scholarship examining the complexities of the transnational industrial conditions in which this cinema is being produced and circulated, with even fewer studies committed to interrogating the effect of this French investment on the way this industry engages with its domestic market. This thesis has been designed to redress this gap in scholarship by taking into consideration all the levels on which this cinema participates in processes of transnational cultural exchange with France, examining the political, economic and ideological power relations that these processes engender. By considering how the FWA industry has been shaped by social, economic and cultural forces, connected not only to the region’s colonial history and present relationship with France, but also to emerging effects of contemporary global flows, this thesis uses critical transnationalism to address pertinent questions regarding the dynamics of this North/South partnership and its impact on the development of the FWA industry today
Le, Maître Barbara. "L'ensemble visuel et l'idée de manque : un essai sur la relation entre film et photo." Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030108.
Full textBoutonnet, François. "Urbi et Orbi : des arts de la mémoire au cinéma, un voyage entre langage et image." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20076.
Full textSome 2,500 years ago, the Art of Memory paved the way for a total form of the arts, for the first time combining places (loci) and memory, space and time, image and thought. These arts go well beyond the mere process of mnemotechnics, proving also to be powerful machines that can be used to manipulate phantasms and images. What the Art of Memory has to tell us about the relationship between thought and image concerns the privileged function not just of the imaginary landscape and how man is inscribed on it, but also the process of walking abroad or from place to place (deambulation) whereby the projection of the images set onto the medium of one’s virtual architecture can be organised symbolically, following the logic of the path followed. What I have attempted to do is track down the apparition of images in movement in the explorations of Simonides, Llull, Bruno, Leibnitz, Warburg or Benjamin. Following this path, the image became thought and the text became sight. I imagined that cinema could be that total Memory Palace, that mobile memory and immobile journey, the passage created from life to the representation of life, the fluidity of metamorphosis and travelling
Garcia, Thibaut. "Qu'est-ce que le "virtuel" au cinéma ? : des "images virtuelles" à la virtualité du langage cinématographique." Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30012.
Full textI propose to study the theme of the « virtual » in films in order to define it, not as an attribute of digital techniques but as the dimension and subject of both language and thought. The virtual can be found in actual films or in the reviews and comments they bring about. This is why I look for a definitional core of virtuality through a wide range of verbal and audiovisual “discourses” that have contributed to the emergence of this notion; it goes from the written works of the ancient poets and the theological speculations of the medieval scholasticism to the most recent comments on new technologies including the post-modern films presenting them. This will lead me to see in virtuality the concept par excellence, which is fundamentally capable of explaining the relative and historical nature of all other concepts and able to point out their characteristics within the language of cinema, considering its highest degree of general nature (as a language among others) but its singularity as well (according to its specific plastic forms and seen from the angle of collective or individual film styles)
Charfi, Ayadi Ikbel. "L' affiche de cinéma en France des origines jusqu'aux années vingt." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010581.
Full textBauchet, Marie-Cécile. "La couleur dans le cinéma de Hal Hartley : les sources hollywoodiennes d'un langage chromatique filmique entre rêve et réalité." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20085.
Full textHal Hartley, an American film-maker, takes generic structures and turns them into something unique where colour, an essential visual ingredient, is a discourse on parody as well as a discourse on aesthetics. After having summed up the main scientific theories of light and colour, this work deals with the philosophical and aesthetic aspect of colour in general and considers the technical experimentations which gave birth to the first film in colour and the corresponding aesthetic trends. It analyses, through the study of a number of American films in black and white and in colour, chosen for their specific palette, the Gangster, the " Film Noir " and the Western which constitute the basic codes subverted by HAL HARTLEY's postmodernism. Beyond the realistic polychromy, the deconstruction of films aims at exploring the aesthetic power of colour, reaching pure abstraction, the blue, the red and the yellow springing from the moving image as from an Abstract Expressionist painting
Schoellkopf, Anouk. "Jean-Luc Godard,philosophe du langage : "le cinéma comme passage entre éclosion de l'invisible et expression de l'indicible"." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR20027.
Full textIs the world my representation ? Am I this langage that I speak ? The relations between ontology and language have come to the point where a porosity and an uncomfortable indissociation coexist with the irreconciliable breach that continue to separate them
Chou, Kuei Yin. "Vertige, hypnose, ivresse : la vision dromoscopique dans le cinéma et l'art contemporain." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA118.
Full text"Dromoscopy", a term proposed by Paul Virilio, designates a visual conception of landscape in motion. Not limited to what is seen through a car’s windshield, dromoscopic vision can be through a train or airplane window or other vehicle-as-vision-machine devices through which the cinematographic or audiovisual image portrays this particular phenomenon of perception.This thesis aims to reconsider cinema through this mysterious mobile vision, to find the shared power behind these unspooling landscapes. This ubiquitous, fragmented and seemingly ordinary vision, which discreetly and unconsciously alters our perception, has been ignored despite its visual and kinesthetic energy.Three of dromoscopic vision’s effects on viewers will be explored: dizziness, hypnosis, and intoxication. Faced with a moving landscape, spectators may lose their bearings in the illusion of movement; enter into a modified state of consciousness; or experience a radical transformation of perception. Frontal vision causes dizziness in hyperspace travel; lateral vision hypnotizes observers with its repetitive rhythms; the intoxication of forms" extends into the imagination of a metamorphosed world. This vision probes its audience in a cutaneous, muscular and visceral way.Hidden behind the dramaturgical space, dromoscopic rhythm discreetly summons spectators’ kinesthetic sensations to join the movement, while their consciousness focuses on the plot. Dromoscopic vision carries us away with its simple and complex unspooling motion, makes us feel the movement and experience film (more) fully
Rafiei, Masoomeh. "L'étude thématique du théâtre et du cinéma de Yasmina Reza." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA087.
Full textYasmina Reza, one of the most honored dramaturge artist internationally, does not hesitate to introduce her dramatic art on the cinematographic scene: in between the Romanesque forme and the dramatic one, the Yasmina Reza also experiments in the pictorial art. In the first instance, we have sought to focus this thesis on an analytic study of the Rezian theater to follow with her work of adaptation to the cinema. In her theatre plays, Yasmina Reza’s characters have often the same obsessions and often use the same language. Between tragedy and comedy, Reza’s dramaturgy weaves with monologue and dialogue to relate about everything and at times almost nothing. Time, space, the setting, often simple and neutral, daily objects, are used to compose the contemporary life in Reza’s plays. From this standpoint, Reza’s theatre plays are echoing with Iranian Kiarostami’s cinema.Beyond the presence of autobiographic elements and references to music in Reza’s plays, her writing is singles out specifically, alternating between silences, the not-said and the narrative, between the conversation and the dialogue. Yasmina Reza affirms enjoying using of mise en abyme in her theatre plays, thus she experiments her first movie as script writer and director of Chicas, an adaptation of Une pièce espagnole which uses many mises en abyme. Yazmina Reza continues writing with the script Le pique-nique de Lulu Kreutz directed by Didier Martiny, then with the writing of the script of Le dieu du carnage, in collaboration with Roman Polanski. In this thesis, we have attempted to study the adaptation of Reza’s plays to the cinema, their dramatization along with their characters who display their violence and anxiety in front of the screen
Stepanova, Olga. "Analyse stylistique des lexèmes argotiques utilisés dans le théâtre et le cinéma contemporains français." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05H016.
Full textThe thesis is about lexico-semantic properties and stylistic functions of slang used in contemporary French theatre and cinema, its transformations in movies adapted from literature. The research is focused mainly on stylistic aspects, but also refers to sociolinguistics
Truffot, Didier. "Le travail du lien : poétique du montage chez Brian De Palma." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010576.
Full textFloquet, Pierre. "Le langage comique de Tex Avery : dix années de création à la M.G.M : 1942-1951." Bordeaux 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR30039.
Full textThrough a conceptual reference to semiotics, the aim of this study is to assess that tex avery's comic language is organised, in his cartoons, around original laws, together with the innovating set-up of the gags. They are rooted in the codes of burlesque cinema. However, these gags break free of its conventional rules and go beyond them, whether the pragmatic relations with the audience, the selection and use of the themes, or the cinematic syntax itself is at stake. Avery's comic language gives a fresh interpretation to the narrative thread of chasing. It evolves through the varied use of the gags, as well as through their grouping within the cinematic structure. Moreover, it is both absurd and transgressive. Avery turns every aspect of reality into his own representation of it, which is not only humoristic and oneiric, but also very much up to date
Hammouda-Ammari, Hajer. "Violence du langage, langage de la violence : étude comparée chez quatre cinéastes italiens : Rossellini, De Sica, Visconti, Pasolini." Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030056.
Full textThe cinematographic work of Rossellini, Visconti, De Sica and Pasolini is of an important abundance, so diversified, always characterized by the virulence of the topics treated, that are inspired by the reality. The privileged material of these Italian moviemakers to register this reality in its nudity and its extreme violence are : the poetic and authentic, dialectal or slang “word”, which sense is often unknown or difficult to decipher, the natural gesture and expression of the faces offered by interprets, signs collected thanks to an omnipresent camera. The whole is restored through “images” which, picked up with pictural and sculptural styles in Pasolini and Visconti’s films, collected with poetry and vibration in the art of Rossellini and De Sica, where the tragedy emerges, give to the reality a very symbolic meaning : the palpitation of life. Starting with the analysis of Roma città aperta, Sciuscà, La terra trema and Accattone, this work attempts to determine both the verbal language and the non verbal language of the violence contained in these films. It consists first on tackling the question of the language by identifying it, then by looking further into its pragmatic and lexical aspects which reflect the mechanism of violence, to explore the gestural language which, combined with the visual language adopted by each moviemaker, manage to reproduce faithfully the violent part of reality. This research shows us how the diversity of styles carries out to a unique objective : reaching the violence
Molaison, Nathaël. "Recevoir l’irrecevable : postures du spectateur dans Pink Flamingos (John Waters, 1972)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25189.
Full textBussy, Amélie. "Reprise(s) de Harun Farocki, la possibilité d'une expérience : enjeux cinématographiques et historiques." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30040/document.
Full textThe work of filmaker Harun Farocki helps us to think the relationships between cinema and History and go further the usual conception of historiography, where history would be an analytic and understandable writing of the past events. Because they are linking us to a present historical condition rather than simply binding man to his past, his films try to write history as an experience, with the means of cinema. They will allow us to observe the methods and ways of writing films which really search to create a cinematographic form able to read in a new and sensible way the historical questions films can sustain. That's why this research proposes to enlighten and describe what are the “retakes” (“reprises” in french which also means “sew on again”) of filmmaker Harun Farocki which contribute to write history which we can experience as spectators. It intends to examine how his editing of already existing images invents its own aesthetic to write history with film – and how an “experience” can be offered specifically by new ways of writing, seing and hearing films, and by doing so, deepening our reading of film and history altogether
Le, Gouez Guillaume. "L'image malsaine : le trouble identitaire du cinéma Américain et ses modes de représentations dans les années quatre-vingt-dix." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H305.
Full textHybrid image born of the contamination of the film image by the video image and then by the digital image, the unhealthy image of the American cinema during the nineties stemmed from the technological changes of the end of the 20th century. Indeed, from an aesthetic point of view, the unhealthy image, usually close to the borders of the ethics of representation, cannot be the result of a moral sentence administered by a looking at a watched. It cannot follow from a judgment of value, difficult to analyze, but must be treated as a medical metaphor, able to highlight the dangerous relationships that may have existed at the end of the 20th century. Also, she sketches, by reinvent the material and language of the traditional American movie, the cinema of the future. Modification of the genetic code of the image, the birth of a representation of the digital body, or the insatiable des ire to mix all sorts of visuals to create out-of-the-ordinary compositions, a lot of factors that push the nineties cinematographic image to reinvent herself. The image was already abject, grotesque, perverse or even pornographic in the American cinema of the Seventies, it will become, hybrid, mutant, and definitely unhealthy in the nineties
Puccinelli, Maysa. "L'écran de Charon : la traversée du sujet de langage dans la narration cinématographique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2022/document.
Full textThis extended summary originates from the thesis "The screen of Charon: the crossing of the subject of language in the cinematographic narrative" carried out under collaboration between the universities of Brasília, Brazil, and Nice Sophia Antipolis, Fance. It is a synthesis of psychoanalytic investigation concerning two narrative styles: modern and classical. First and foremost, they are concerned with film production. In this report we discuss the issue of pleasure from the amalgam formed by the French words “jeu” (game, play) and “jouissance” (the act of experiencing pleasure). Thus, our “mot-valise” "jeuïssance" (“playsure”) will allow us to articulate the experience of pleasure undergone by the subject of language with the narrative production. The categories created in the Lacanian Triskel will be evoked, namely: the pleasure of the Other, the pleasure of meaning and the pleasure of the Phallic. They are articulated on a borromean logic with modern, classical and classical-industrial narrative productions. By creating our triskel, we identify, in the figure of the trompe-l'oeil, the function of the small object as the narrative field. By crossing the lacanian inferos, we believe to have found in the figure of “playsure” a device for analyzing narration, composed exclusively of psychoanalytic material. Thus, in any narrative production of a subject of language, narratives are either buried in the supposed firm land of science or religion or in the moving sands of the arts. This psychoanalytic journey will take us far beyond the principle of pleasure
Savini, Aurélio. "La Mise en scène cinématographique : Approche à travers quelques situations types et comparaison avec différents médias audiovisuels." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070017.
Full textDuprat, Arnaud. "Les derniers films de Luis Buñuel : l'aboutissement d'une pensée cinématographique." Paris 8, 2007. http://octaviana.fr/document/134096282#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThe study of the six last movies Luis Buñuel directed in France and sometimes in Spain - Belle de Jour (1967), La voie lactée (1969), Tristana (1970), Le charme discret de la bourgeoisie (1972), Le fantôme de la liberté (1974), Cet obscur objet du désir (1977) - allowed us to understand how places and their production conditions determined the artistic expression of the director. We could value the unique characteristics which justify the constitution of the corpus' composition. We noticed a writing with various intertextual references which, associated with dreams and secondary narratives, constitutes complex structures and proposes a game to the spectator in which this one has to look for an elusive truth. Moreover, a testamentary dimension, linked with the other particularities, seems to manifest the issue of a cinematographic meditation
A partir de Belle de Jour en 1966, Luis Buñuel abandonó definitivamente Méjico para seguir rodando en Francia y, de vez en cuando, en España. El análisis de este filme y de los cinco que le sucedieron - La voie lactée (1969), Tristana (1970), Le charme discret de la bourgeoisie (1972), Le fantôme de la liberté (1974), Cet obscur objet du désir (1977) -, en comparación con los primeros opus surrealistas y con las obras mejicanas, nos ha permitido entender en qué medida lugares y sus condiciones de producción determinaron la expresión artística del director. Hemos podido apreciar cómo estas obras poseen características únicas que justifican la formación del corpus. Hemos notado una escritura con numerosas referencias intertextuales que, relacionadas con sueños y relatos secundarios, constituyen estructuras complejas que parecen proponer un juego al espectador, a lo largo del que éste debe buscar una verdad inalcanzable para siempre. Los aspectos testamentarios de estas últimas obras son otra particularidad de nuestro corpus. Más allá de una mera posición retrospectiva y sincrética con respecto al conjunto de la filmografía, el componente testamentario, relacionado con las otras características a las cuales pertenece, parece manifestar el acabamiento de una reflexión cinematográfica
Siety, Emmanuel. "Fictions d'images." Paris 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA030021.
Full textIt is ordinarily supposed that, for the spectator, the diegetic aspect of a fiction film and the material reality of the film itself are somewhat incompatible. A spectator either focuses on the fiction or on the film itself (editing, framing, photography). From this perspective, the most successful fiction is the one which most fully captivates the spectator's attention, diverts her or him from perceiving the film as an artifice. Yet certain film descriptions challenge this principle of incompatibility in imaginarily reconstructing the materiality of the film. This might take the form of a metaphoric effect such as when the distortions of a mirror inspire discussion of imagistic wateriness (although we know that the image is rendered in light), but there are more striking examples - when a description indicates that a character seems to dissolve into the image, or that the image appears to break into virtual pieces. These cases, we term a "fictitious pictures". Sometimes such fictions are clearly constructed by the film itself (precisely the case of Persona) ; sometimes they seem to arise from a more personal spectatorial perception: a feeling. Hence, study of these "fictitious pictures" presupposes determining what in a given film is likely to induce such readings. The interrelationship between the fictitious pictures and the fiction film is essential in this context: having compared their mechanics, we propose to evaluate how these can combine cumulatively without mutually excluding each other. We intend to examine the heuristic scope of the fictitious pictures as a phenomenon, treating examples that arise from factors more complex than a simple transcription of a spectatorial impression. We seek to show that these fictions do not simply appear due to an exercise of poetic licence, but that they have a real illuminating power of clarification as well; and this, in the cinema as in other arts
Droin, Nicolas. "Paysage et dépaysement dans l’œuvre de Michelangelo Antonioni : de "Blow Up" à "Identification d’une femme"." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100175/document.
Full textThe work of Antonioni is a fertile field to study landscape in cinematographic art. This study focuses on Antonioni's cinematographic disorientation, from Blow up (1966) to its come-back in Italy with Identification of a woman (1982). My work aims at showing the importance of a changing and cineplastic vision of landscape which integrates the question of editing, motion (of image and inside the image itself), in order to highlight the rhythmic, metamorphic and plastic strenghts of the image-landscape in the cinema. Having shown these strenghts, I intend to interrogate the question of landscape from the notion of disorientation. Disorientation represents an operating materiel to think the cinematographic image, its deterritorialisation, its motion. Disorientating landscape in Antonioni's work leads to a dialogue with art history, which implies to rethink the major aesthethic questions of the 20th century (from abstraction to informal art, by Land-Art and performance) in the context of a cinematographic study. The question of disorientation requires new tools to rethink landscape in the cinema. I suggest to name « inter-landscape » the constitution of a landscape which integrates peculiar to image in its plastic processes relying on notions suchs as interval and inter-images. A cinematographic « inter-landscape », as can be define from the work of Antonioni, offers a plastic mobilisation of the image-landscape which allows to interrogate, in turn, contemporary artistic practice
Wang, Liyun. "Le sous-titrage du cinéma français en Chine : enjeux, traduction du sens, contraintes." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA054/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to identify the challenges, constraints and norms that govern film captioning as a translating operation. This research is based on a corpus of French films, including (romantic) comedies, which have recently been distributed in Chinese cinemas. At first, we try to highlight, following the evolution of the cinematographic exchanges between China and other countries, more specifically France, the challenges that a country with its politics, its own ideology, its economy, his society and his people, sets for the introduction of foreign films as well as their linguistic transfer in general and their subtitling in particular. Secondly, we try to demonstrate, in the light of the interpretative theory, that, like any translating operation, subtitling is subjected to the same stages, namely the understanding of the original meaning, its deverbalisation, its re-expression in the target language, and the justifying analysis of the chosen solution. Meanwhile, we will point out the constraints to which subtitling should be subjected, described as constrained translation, as well as their impact on the equivalence of meaning.As an introduction to other research on subtitling, which until now has been mostly an empirical activity, this study aims to generate more interest from the scientific community, which could change the marginal status of this immense transdisciplinary field
Raimond, Sophie. "Les enjeux esthétiques et politiques des métamorphoses de l'œuvre de Jean-Luc Godard." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR2019/document.
Full textThis research is at the intersection of aesthetics, arts, and information and communication sciences. My initial hypothesis was based on the contribution of Godard's work to multidisciplinary research. As a filmmaker, critic, theoretician, video producer, archivist and television director, Jean-Luc Godard is the author of a metamorphic work, which radically redefined the boundaries of cinema. Godard challenged the hegemonic ambition of current technologies and, at the same time, integrated them in an experimental film practice. Thus, he has developed a pensée en actes filmiques, without breaking with current times. The montage at the foundation of Godard's creation, and also expressed in his discourses, has created a space in which the contrary confluence of discursive, visual and acoustic signs – stemming as much from the vast field of literary, philosophical, musical, cinematographic, classical and modern artistic culture as from contemporary artefact production – and leads the viewer to break with his habits. Godard’s montage has questioned the future of communication by image and word, and has offered an aesthetic concept to the domination of the visual. My thesis was based on discourse and image analysis, paying a close attention to the films produced by Godard during and following the conception of Histoire(s) du cinema (1988-1998). Since the 1990s, Godard's film practice has become that of an essayist and a writer of multimedia. The principle of re-use has been at the very foundation of Godard's films. By exploiting this, I analysed the filmmaker's fragments and quotes. I used a comparative and multidisciplinary approach which allowed me to embrace several picture, artwork and language theories, all of them being critical points of view to think about the potentials of communicating by audiovisual creation. Godard, as a paradoxical player of the end of cinema, redefined the film's devoir-être, i.e. an imperative short-circuiting of early film theory (Epstein, Faure), of Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology and of Deleuze’s philosophy. Traditionally perceived as an inherent element of cinema, the representation of reality proceeded from a dialectic of the visible and the invisible, at work in the creations of Godard which has metamorphosed the aesthetic and political issues of the moving image. In the wake of the Frankfurt School (Adorno, Benjamin) and of French poststructuralism (Baudrillard, Deleuze, Derrida, Foucault), Godard's aesthetic propositions have deployed a thought that redefined the conditions of political and spectatorial emancipation. The filmmaker has encouraged the citizen-spectator to a radical questioning of the democratic facade and, in the very idea of creation and love, he has revealed the hidden contours of reality and the possibility of changing it. Sarajevo, the central subject of Godard's late cinema, opened up a debate on the possibilities of action of an ethical and political montage to denounce the plural forms of alienation in the policies of disappearance, the media coverage of conflicts and communication acting on several levels. The ambition of my demonstration lies in the possibilities of revolution contained in a form that Godard has called cinema or montage: an art of the uncontrolled and of dissent allowing to question anew the relations between aesthetics and politics, as part of widespread mutation of signs wich affects the anthropological, economic and symbolic future of societies
Guadalupe, Silveira Carlos Henrique. "La musique de film : introduction à l’étude des attentes musico-filmiques du spectateur." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20059/document.
Full textThroughout our lives, we acquire (sometimes involuntary or even unconsciously) knowledge about our environment, and we retain in particular its regularities. These regularities are learned, stored as knowledge and will subsequently allow creating expectations that will facilitate the cognitive processing of the environmental information. Hence, via this process, the analysis of an expected event becomes faster and more accurate than that of an unexpected event. Based on David Huron's “musical expectation” theory, we propose to investigate, and develop a theory of “expectations about associations between the film and the music”. The aim of our thesis is to discuss the basic concepts of how film music can create particular expectations in relation to the narration of the film for viewers and how this affects the way they perceive the film and interpret the movie
Seddaoui, Fatima. "Peinture et écriture dans l'œuvre de Marguerite Duras : un peintre du langage ?" Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20042.
Full textWe would like to develop the idea according to which Marguerite Duras is a painter of the language. By focusing us on the relationship between the writing and painting, we will endeavour to locate and analyze the evoked or invented tables and the images worked in works. In order to clarify the complex intertextuality which enters within the various networks of representation and on the basis of any representation. Without claiming with exhaustiveness, one can try to give an outline of this presence of painting to the background of the reflexion durassienne. How painting made it text ? And which is the stake ? It will also be a question of studying the role and the significance of painting in the novel in order to compare the statute of painting in work with that of painting. Part of this study will treat painting like sociological, intellectual and historical phenomenon (the esthetics question). Moreover, research will be centered on the bonds between the cinema and painting the study will be developed on the following points : emissions, and criticisms on the author in order to trace an overall framework of the elements in connection with the subject. We will approach in particular the presentation of the theoretical and methodological debate on the relationship between the cinema and painting. Work will weave close links between visual art and the language. A part will analyze the relationship between the cinema and painting on a significant film corpus, starting from its beginning to its last film going back to 1979. Our study will be a research and an analysis of the occurrences of painting and their significances in the filmic speech durassien. The speech on painting being confronted with several problems
Giorgi, Sebastian Mariano. "Organisation et réception du discours cinématographique : L'analyse d'un film de Wilson Yip : L'esquisse d'une sémiotique intégrale." Limoges, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIMO2006.
Full textSince the main form of life of the film takes place in the discourse practice stage of its projection on the screen object, our hypothesis supports that the synergy between the various levels of its manifestation searches a subjectale temporary changes of the audio-viewer position to intensify the aesthetic pleasure of him. Another of our hypotheses posits that this synergy between film devices is comparable to the strategy of ellipse developed by Ivan Darrault-Harris and Jean-Pierre Klein. Instead of bringing the subject to a regime of autonomy, the audio-viewer becomes heteronomous during the film projection. Because it is beyond of the subject, the temporary abandonment of a judgemental instance, which opens the access to aesthetic pleasure. Thus our third hypothesis suggests that the tension turns a tool for changing subjectale position because it directs the flow of attention to a universe of sensations provided by the filmic discourse. The non-generic is a privileged discursive device to create this tension. And in this syncretic set, each language makes its tension, the enthymematic value of music composed by Kenji Kawai for the fight sequence betwenn Ip Man and ten karatekas, the hyperbolic value of the soundtrack and the interpellation value film images of Wilson Yip are some examples. Analyzing the synchronic behavior's public during a screening of the audiovisual sequence of our first corpus, we find the relationship between them and the most important moments of the film
Slock, Ken. "Maurice Merleau-Ponty et Jean Epstein. La science secrète du cinéma." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030165.
Full textThis thesis attempts to initiate a dialogue between Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy and the theoretical works of director Jean Epstein. Situated at the porous borders of phenomenology and visualstudies, it underlines the depth offered by Merleau-Ponty’s approach. It gives a specific attention to the newleads opened by the preparatory notes to his lessons « Le monde sensible et le monde de l’expression »(1953), published in 2011. This research adopts a reflexive and interrogative perspective towards thephenomenological « posture ». The first part insists on the importance of the ambiguous attitude of Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology towards verbal language, and on the difficulties it encounters to conceive itself as alinguistic fact. This ambiguity gives its roots to a virtual « need » for images, but also to several« resistances » against the active participation of cinema in the constitution of knowledge. The second andthird part of the research directly instigate the confrontation with Jean Epstein’s thinking. They focus respectively on the notion of « reversibility », both as concept and as a cinematographic effect; then on thenotion of cinema as an artificial, autonomous and expressive form of thought. By tracing the evolution of the« cinematic speech » in Epstein’s works, several problematics appear to be shared with Merleau-Ponty’sontology of Flesh. The fourth and last part of the thesis presents a series of critical propositions based on the concepts emanating from the moving picture. In the end, this research suggest the possibility to practice a« cinematic » philosophy within the internal crisis of Merleau-Ponty’s conceptual structure
Roy, Katy. "L'image et le chemin : Il n'y a plus de chemin : genèse d'une transécriture ; suivi de L'imaginant imaginé : réflexion autour de l'image transécrite." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18005.
Full textForveille, Luc. "Montage et production de sens dans le documentaire contemporain." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0038.
Full textThe general idea of this research is to understand and analyze the theoretical issues that arise when editing a documentary film. It is at the intersection of two aims: that of the practitioner who intends to give a broader and more abstract perspective to his 'ways of doing', that of the theorist who seeks a more pragmatic application to his 'forms of thought.'
Villessèche, Julie. "The Board and the Commission (1909-present) : study of a language criterion through film classification." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2084/document.
Full textThis thesis wonders about the work of examiners within British and French filmclassifications: in the UK, the BBFC (British Board of Film Classification) is theinstitution in charge of film classification; in France, it is the Commission ofClassification of Cinematographic Works. The question here is: how have the work ofexaminers and institutional and societal evolutions shaped the creation and thedevelopment of a language criterion within British and French film classificationsystems? Indeed, stereotypically, those classifications are generally opposed: the BBFC is presented as a swearword-counting system, while the French classification is described as liberal. This thesis aims at explaining the origin of those stereotypes and at highlighting the true place of language within film classifications
Mbaye, Samba. "Rhétorique du silence dans l'univers dramatique, poétique et cinématographique d'Harold Pinter." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA1010/document.
Full textThe main purpose of this research is not only to try to grasp the meaning of the unsaid and the hidden in the artistic work of Harold Pinter, but first and foresmost to show that language can neither have a meaning nor be made out if we do not consider what is lying underneath or if we disregard any reading between the lines. Even if it's obvious that the stage is more often than not under the yoke of words, the gist of any play is to be looked for in silence. In Pinter's dramatic world, silence can be understood as what cannot be said, what is not thoroughly said, what is not clearly expressed, what is not yet said, what will never be said. It can be due to many reasons, a silence may be observed under duress, as it may be made purposefully. The body language is more than important, for what is displayed through it can urge any shrewd spectator to muse upon what is beyond his eyes. Since words and images are not often reliable, the work of any spectator is to ponder over what is shown or said to him. And like any tool of communication, silence requires a text and a context to yield the substance emnodied in it. Any attempt to sever the language of words from that of silence is doomed to failure. Silence per se is the realm of silent words. Before being uttered, any word was first kept in silence. All discourses stem from silence, and whilst some can reach the listener, others need a particular attention, whence our interest in Pinter's early poems. The silence we'redealing with is not a void. It's pregnant with meaning and cannot be avoided as long as we're able to speak or we're potential locutors
Simms, Ian. "Une question de confiance ? : image, langage et connaissance chez Harun Farocki, Artavazd Pelechian et Fernand Deligny." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080059/document.
Full textThis study questions the idea of confidence in the image, or to be more precise, explores the ways in which confidence in the image influences the approach, the methodology and the use of the image in the work of three artists: Artavazd Pelechian, Harun Farocki and Fernand Deligny. We develop the hypothesis of a clear link between the emergence of knowledge and artistic practices. We analyse the ways in which the idea of confidence affects the use of the image and, ultimately, the generation of what we have called ternary knowledge.To be able to address the idea of confidence and the emergence of knowledge, it was necessary to choose a group of artists whose respective approaches to the use of the image were complimentary and yet resonant. The three artists we chose all have a very different approach to the relation between language and image. Artavazd Pelechian places his cinema, “before Babel” and uses neither the voice of an actor, nor that of a narrator; written and spoken language is absent from his work. Harun Farocki, on the other hand, “is no longer able to write without the presence of an image on the screen, or rather, on two screens”. Writing and the image are also at the heart of Fernand Deligny’s work but it is his approach to autism that interests us here. Deligny postulated that an autistic child related to the world though what he termed, a biological image.Confidence – and its antonym, distrust – in the image, is central to the way in which the image is used. This confidence is dual, corresponding to the two faces of the image: signifier and signified. The question of confidence implies a relationship to language and the body of work analysed in this thesis attempts to shed light on the relationships between the subject and the relation between image and language which ultimately allow the emergence of ternary knowledge
Villenave, Baptiste. "Entre nature et artifice : le point de vue écartelé : une étude stylistique du nouvel Hollywood (1967-1980)." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN1634.
Full textEnd of the 1960s. A new generation of filmmakers, most of them coming from television or film schools, enters Hollywood. Because of their early career and their influences, they transform the film style. Indeed they use techniques and figures which were hitherto not at all or very seldom employed by American films: zooming, split screen, hand-held shots, overlapping dialogues, slow motion, very fast cutting… These devices contribute to a modification of the point of view, i. E. The successive positions in which the viewer is placed by framing, composition, editing and camera movements. That leads to a profound change of spectatorial regime. These are the evolutions we intend to study, in order to reveal, in a perspective of historical stylistics, their underlying logic. Among others one will see that two essential trends, seemingly contradictory, lead to a tugging of the point of view : on the one hand one can notice a multiplication of “naturalized” shots, in the sense that they mimic “natural” perception ; on the other hand, one can notice a blossoming of “artificialized” shots
Dalleu, Estelle. "David Lynch, cinéaste de l'oralité." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAC006.
Full textOrality has a sound and visual recurrent existence in the work of David Lynch. It is the main thread in the relation between the sound and the image and probably constitutes the nodal point in the cinematic aesthetic of this American artist; so much so that he makes it an identity trait, an obsessive theme of his cinematographic creation. Coming from the Latin os, oris, the term orality allows to treat everything related to the mouth, the point of contact between the interior of the body and the external environment. Orality pertains to a human anatomical mechanism, but it is not limited to sound production - it is not only concerned with speech and the functional aspect of communication. It is also a visual motif represented by its other strategic location: the face (a term also derived from Latin os, oris). There is thus a visual/visible orality and a sound/audible orality. The exploration into orality in David Lynch's work takes the form of an anatomical and an organic journey leading from the mouth to the ear; from visual representation and sound matter to its perception/reception. What is important in the final count is to observe how orality manifests itself and envisages a creative whole which produces an encounter between the performance arts, the visual arts, and the sound material
Voltzenlogel, Thomas. "Cinémas profanes : une constellation (Danièle Huillet, Jean-Marie Straub, Harun Farocki, Pedro Costa et quelques autres...)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRACO21.
Full textThis research work tries to redefine sensitive and intellectual emancipation that allows some cinematographic experiments. "The Viewer, for the author, is other than another author" wrote Pasolini. Danièle Huillet and Jean-Marie Straub, Harun Farocki and Pedro Costa (but also Jean-Claude Rousseau, James Benning, Robert Kramer, or among young filmmakers, Wang Bing, Albert Serra and Lisandro Alonso) invented cinematographic devices that profane film. By deconstructing the film language, by updating their "artistic frame", profane films release and transmit energy, imagination and production (or creation) capabilities. Profane filmmakers do not declare themselves educators or teachers. Their function is not to communicate a message, give a lesson or to transmit knowledge to the Viewer. They consider the Viewer as an equal, "a potential colleague. They spread the traces of their work in their films. The spectator can then collect these traces in order to reconstruct a method of producing, manufacturing, a film.The transmission of a method (or a creative energy) requires an encounter between a filmmaker who intends to pass - band - know-how, a way to represent, implement image a viewer who recognizes in traces the mastery of the author and wishes to expropriate this know-how and experience
Murchison-Morand, Ian. "Grand Theft Auto IV : l'ultime destin-jeu de Justin et Martin : recherche-création autour de la problématique de l'écriture dramatique en lien avec le langage vidéoludique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27157/27157.pdf.
Full textBaron, Christian. "Transcénique Stéréo : Paysages mobiles." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29338/29338.pdf.
Full textIsmail, Tief. "Traduction et analyse interactionnelle de dialogues cinématographiques en français : problématique des sous-titres en arabe." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20010.
Full textThis research is based on cinema dialogs. It offers a description of aspects of verbal interactions currently found in everyday life situations through a cinematograph corpus (recent French comedies : Amélie Poulain, Quatre étoiles, la Doublure, Ah ! si j’étais riche, Moi, César…). The results of this essentially descriptive study should be of interest for: [a] relations between the description of verbal interactions and the teaching/learning of French and Arabic as foreign or second languages, and [b] issues related to the translation of cinema subtitles, which are in fact the essential part of this study. The latter seeks to identify [a] in the context of the teaching/learning of foreign languages, interactions that help enrich the French B2 level (with reference to the Common European Reference Framework for Languages). The approach illustrates some pragmatic functions in the B2 level, and is based on the analysis of some speech acts (ritual and functional) including greetings, thanks, apologies, requests, offers and proposals. The different linguistic realisations of these acts propose an inventory aiming at enriching the Referential Framework for French and Arabic as foreign or second languages. Arabic is seen through the translation of subtitles. [b] With regards to translation issues, the analysis of the verbal interaction observed in the above mentioned cinema corpus (French dialogs transcribed by us and Arabic subtitles) bring forth some relations between translation and culture, in addition to problems which are specific to the constraints of audiovisual translation, with special reference to subtitling. Excerpts analysed in the dissertation are reproduced in the Annexes, with their translation, a retro-translation, and, when needed, explanatory notes, in order to offer a free reading of parts of our corpus
Jacob, Lopez Sylvie. "La caméra-sabre : Kurosawa Akira ou la Voie de Barberousse." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC083.
Full textWhen we talk about a movie, what are we talking about? When film analysis proposes a systematic reading, according to rides and with the appropriate vocabuiary, what exactly does it propound? Is the terminology it uses adapted to cinema or does it shape the film that is the object of its study? So long as film analysis does not question the ternis of its enunciation, thinking cinema develops on an unthought which conditions and limits its mobility. Restoring mobility to vision, freeing it from a fixed point of view, is the primary goal of our work. The dimension of the film Barberousse, directed by Akira Kurosawa in 1965, may only be seized under this condition. Beneath the surface of the narrative, which may be grasped by film analysis, a primordial breath is staged in Barberousse that eludes categories. It is a martial film, because like painting or calligraphy, it restores the breath on which martial practice is centred. Breath is shapeless and discourages definitions. It is the combination of emptiness and fullness. It discourages the decomposition that composition requires. The films balance can only be grasped by a new approach, outside of the scope of analysis. Thus, the film becomes something other than the matter on which we exercise our mind. It becomes the way thought recovers movement, outside of the provisions that regulate its use. In Barberousse, education is not the films theme, but a new dimension in cinema