Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cinétique réactionnelle'
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Vilmin, Franck. "Cinétique réactionnelle aux interfaces silice : silane décrite par spectroscopie infrarouge et modélisation multivariée." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2064.
Full textThe presence of physisorbed water during the silanisation silica is well known for strongly influencing the silane reactivity, but its role in the surface reaction schemes is still subject to many speculations. In this work, the reactivity of bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl] tetrasulfide (TESPT), widely used in the rubber industry on hydrated precipitation silica, was investigated by a new methodology, combining state of the art instrumental developments for quantitative infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed species and advanced chemometrics, including a novel data processing algorithm, called HADS-MCR (Heuristic Adsorption Desorption Soft modeling – Multivariate Curve Resolution), multivariate calibration, and non-isothermal kinetic modeling. The predominating reaction scheme is elucidated in conditions representative of industrial mixing process at the molecular scale. It is shown that TESPT chemisorption is governed by two competitive reaction routes both producing only ethanol in gas phase: (i) direct grafting reaction between an ethoxy moiety and a silica surface silanol, (ii) silane hydrolysis followed by co-condensation with a vicinal silane species. Reactions involving silanol-silanol condensation with production of water were not found significant. Although several types of water coexist on hydrated silica surface, it is demonstrated that strongly adsorbed monolayer water (Ea = 44 ± 2 kJ mol-1) which represents ~ 5% w/w of the physisorbed water is of primary importance in the hydrolysis reaction. Its relative surface concentration with respect to the amount of physisorbed silane is strongly correlated to the final ratio between co-condensation and grafting
Aouri, Malik Charles. "Réticulation d'une résine époxyde : modélisation de la cinétique réactionnelle par l'analyse thermique dynamique." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20245.
Full textSuet, Pierre-Henry. "Poursuite aléatoire d'une cible et optimisation du temps de recherche.Applications à la cinétique réactionnelle." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00281894.
Full textHadj-Ziane, Sahraoui. "Cinétique réactionnelle en régime hydrodynamique dans l'oxygène : application à la production industrielle de l'ozone." Pau, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PAUU3011.
Full textDiop, Adji Dieynaba. "Synthèse d'un additif procétane biosourcé par nitration : Modélisation et étude cinétique par calorimétrie réactionnelle." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR101.
Full textTo fight against pollution related to diesel engines, several techniques are used. Among them, the use of cetane improver is essential to comply with regulations. These active molecules are intended to increase the performance of fuel. Today, the most used cetane improver is the 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (EHN), obtained by nitration of iso-octanol (petroleum based raw material). The aim of this work is to synthesize a bio-based substitute to EHN by nitrating biodiesel. This study will be complemented by a modeling and an estimation of the kinetic and energetic parameters corresponding to the synthesis reaction.These parameters are obtained using an inverse method based on the reconstruction of power profiles measured by the reaction calorimeter (RC1). In order to propose a reliable model capable of reproducing the thermal behavior of the reaction medium, the approach adopted in this work was to begin by characterizing the reaction medium. The characterization involves a calorimetric and a chemical study that help to evaluate the thermal stability of the reaction medium, to identify the different species existing in the nitrated product and their selectivity. Following the characterization, it was possible topropose a chemical model ; which was used to estimate the reaction kinetic parameters. Two nitrating agents (mixing acid and acetyl nitrate) were used to synthesize the cetane improver between 10 °C and 50 °C. The bioadditive performance was evaluated using a CFR engine. The high exothermicity of the reaction, combined the instability of some of the products, lead us to perform a safety assessment of the reaction to evaluate its criticality
Suet, Pierre-Henry. "Poursuite aléatoire d'une cible et optimisation du temps de recherche : applications à la cinétique réactionnelle." Paris 6, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00281894.
Full textPounkin, Stoyan. "Etude des régimes de combustion initiés par auto-inflammation et des interactions de la turbulence avec la cinétique réactionnelle chimique." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066268.
Full textHomogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) represents an alternative advanced combustion mode of great potential. Due to the homogeneity of combustion coupled with the compressed and lean premixed nature of the ignition, this mode can provide high-efficiency and low-NOx emissions. The combustion process is principally controlled by chemical kinetics and combustion chamber heterogeneities. A Rapid Compression Machine (RCM) has been used to study this combustion mode. Part of the study undertaken consisted in improving the reliability (reproducibility) and the characterization (internal aerodynamic, setting parameters) of the RCM. A numerical study with a 0D multizone model of the RCM allowed to determine the impact of heterogeneities on the combustion process and to validate numerically the RCM. The experimental study of combustion was initially focused on the parameters influencing the auto-ignition process (temperature, equivalence ratio, charge) and secondly on the initiation and development of combustion investigated through rapid cinematography. The impact of turbulence over the combustion development was also examined. Two propagation modes have been identified depending on the experimental conditions. Finally, a methodology allowing prediction of the different combustion regimes has been presented. This methodology is based on the theoretical elaboration of diagrams of turbulent combustion coupling the chemical properties of the fuel with the turbulent properties of the aerodynamic field in the RCM
Guenet-Attia, Frédérique. "Obtention rapide de modèles thermo-cinétiques de réactions en chimie fine par le couplage de la calorimétrie réactionnelle et du suivi analytique par spectroscopie infra-rouge." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT013G.
Full textBoumezioud, Mohamed. "Complexion de métaux de transition par des hydroxyquinolines en milieux homogènes et microhétérogènes : Influence de l'hydrophobie du ligand sur la cinétique réactionnelle dans des phases microémulsions." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10276.
Full textKhacef, Ahmed. "Plasmas hors équilibre thermodynamique et applications : développement de sources UV-X, dépollution (DéNOx, DéCOV), et production de gaz de synthèse." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université d'Orléans, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00198361.
Full textLe spectre des thèmes abordés est assez large et regroupe les études sur :
la cinétique réactionnelle du milieu actif du laser à excimère XeCl,
le développement de sources flash de rayonnement X,
les différents continua d'excimères de gaz rares à très haute pression (30 bars) excités par flash de rayonnement X,
la réduction des oxydes d'azote (deNOx) par association plasma-catalyse et oxydation des Composés Organiques Volatils (deCOV),
la production de gaz de synthèse et d'hydrogène à partir d'hydrocarbures, l'aide à la combustion des moteurs automobiles, et l'initiation de la réaction dite de "Water Gas Shift" pour la réduction du monoxyde de carbone par décharge à barrière diélectrique.
Tahri, Aomar. "Contribution à l'étude de la méthanation des oxydes de carbone catalysée par du nickel dispersé sur silice : Étude en régime permanent de la cinétique réactionnelle et application de méthodes transitoires à l'identification de processus élémentaires." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10148.
Full textMartes, Hernández Leonela. "Catalytic cracking of tar model compounds using biochar as catalyst." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025NORMIR02.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the study of the catalytic cracking of tars, which are substances that can be produced along with syngas and biochar during biomass gasification. Tars are one of the main obstacles to the use of syngas in certain industrial processes, due to the technical difficulties associated with their presence (clogging, condensation, reduced energy efficiency, etc.). Catalytic cracking is the technique of choice for transforming these tars, composed of heavy hydrocarbons (C6, C7, C8, etc.) into lighter species (H₂, CH₄, C₂H₄). This process can be catalyzed by biochar, whose use offers great economic and technological advantages as a by-product of gasification. This work focuses on the parametric study of the cracking of tars emulated by model compounds such as benzene, toluene and xylene while using biochar-based catalysts, either the biochar alone or otherwise, modified with metal oxides of iron and nickel. The catalysts prepared were characterized and their activity was compared during the cracking reaction of the various model molecules. The kinetics of the reaction and the transfer phenomena occurring during catalysis were also explored
Blaz̆ek, Jaroslav. "Étude des schémas réactionnels de dégradation thermique des polymères." Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000218/.
Full textThe present work on pyrolysis of polymers was developed on laboratory scale. A thermogravimetric apparatus connected to FTIR spectrometer was used, the outputs of analyses were a set of mass loss data correlated with heating rates and a set of spectra corresponding to different moments of the degradation process. Kinetic parameters (Ea and A) were calculated by the means of the Popescu's variant of the Ozawa-Flynn-Wall integral method. A good agreement was found between calculated values and referential kinetic parameters. Another method, 'fitting' experimental curves by the means of a special MatLab programs using differential equations solvers, was applied in the case of several polymers. It was used in the study of pyrolysis of individual polymers and their mixtures, and it did - together with examination of results from FTIR analysis - yield results that were applied on industrial niveau. The polymers used were two “natural polymers”, lignin and cellulose, and industry polymers: PVC, EVA, PS. In comparisons with reference kinetic parameters, a good accordance was observed in most cases. Principal results for the polymer examined most in detail, i. E. EVA (e. G. With 12 % of VA in molecules; 1-30 K. Min-1), are: Ea = 200 kJ. Mol-1 for the 1st degradation step and Ea = 271 kJ. Mol-1 for the 2nd degradation step.
Cecile, Jean-Luc. "Etude spectroscopique, thermodynamique et cinétique des mécanismes réactionnels liés au procédé de flottation." Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2052.
Full textKarnatak, Nikhil. "Synthèse de carbure de titane par combustion auto-propagée : cinétique et mécanismes réactionnels." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2331.
Full textThe principal objective of this work consists in a better understanding of reaction mechanisms occurring during titanium carbide formation by combustion synthesis or SHS (Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis) according to the reaction (Ti+C?TiC). This work can be separated in three principal axes: the influence of isostatic gas pressure on SHS, the influence of carbon particles size and finally the effect of mechanical activation (preliminary milling before reaction). Thus, we identified various formation mechanisms. For fine carbon particles the reaction is certainly controlled by a mechanism of dissolution precipitation whereas for coarser carbon particles, a mechanism of diffusion of carbon through a layer of titanium carbide seems dominant. In the case of mechanical activation it is possible that the reaction proceeds in solid phase
Fehaili, Souad. "Développement d’un simulateur de cuisson pour l’étude du couplage entre les transferts d’énergie et de matière et les cinétiques de réactions de Maillard ayant lieu au cours de la cuisson de produits céréaliers de type génoise." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AGPT0053/document.
Full textThe thesis is a preliminary study on the development and validation of a methodology to predict the progress of Maillard reactions during the baking of sponge cake. The aim of this work is to develop experimental tools to track markers and reaction process variables synchronously. Initially, we proposed a reaction scheme based on experimental knowledge of the volatile compounds generated during sponge cake baking and literature data. Then, a pilot oven was designed and instrumented. Two non-invasive sampling devices to collect the sponge cakes and baking vapors continuously (during baking) have been developed and validated. The volatiles sampling device is a system that ensures the trapping of volatile compounds released during the cake baking. After we have stabilized the thermal environment of the extraction and optimized the method for the selected markers, we examined the repeatability, linearity and robustness of the method and capacity of such a method to quantify some aroma compounds released during the cake baking. Fot this reason, the proportionality coefficients between the concentrations in the gas phase and the SPME fiber were determined. Finally, we were interested in the acquisition of kinetic data markers with validated tools to observe the selected reaction scheme. The baking experiments were conducted using at three air temperatures, 140 ° C, 170 ° C and 200 ° C. The degradation of the reactants and the generation of reaction products appear to be closely related to studied process variables (temperature, moisture, humidity). Also tracking the evolution of precursors during the baking of the sponge cakes shows that although the Maillard reaction is still predominant, other reactions are involved in their degradation after baking, probably the caramelization and the isomerization of sugars reactions
Wisniewski, Christelle. "Etude du comportement de cultures mixtes en bioréacteur à membrane. Cinétiques réactionnelles et filtrabilité." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20005.
Full textSalameh, Dominique. "Bioconversion de l'acide p-coumarique par Brettanomyces bruxellensis : étude de la cinétique et analyse des étapes réactionnelles." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7784/1/salameh.pdf.
Full textBorges, Luiz Eduardo Pizarro. "Cinétique des réactions d'alkylation sulfurique : étude des deux étapes réactionnelles et modélisation par regroupement en familles chimiques." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10071.
Full textOrantes, Avalos Julio César. "Cinétiques réactionnelles et performances de filtration en bioréacteur à membranes immergées sous rétention totale de biomasse." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20031.
Full textRafalimanana, Célestin Alexis. "Contribution à la modélisation des cinétiques réactionnelles, à la simulation et à la conduite thermique des réacteurs de chimie fine." Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT039G.
Full textThomas, Laurent. "Cinétiques réactionnelles en plasma dans les mélanges argon-hydrogène-méthane : application à la réalisation de couches diamant." Limoges, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIMO0216.
Full textMorales, Sébastien. "Le hacheur aérodynamique : un nouvel instrument dédié aux processus réactionnels à ultra-basse température." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S127.
Full textStudies on reactive processes under extreme conditions has proved to be of great interest for its multiple applications (reaction rate theory, astrophysics,. . . ). The CRESU technique (Cinétique de Réaction en Ecoulement Supersonique Uniforme) has been developed in the Rennes Experimental Astrochemistry team for the study of molecular collisions at very low temperatures (down to 15 K). This technique, based on the use of a Laval nozzle which generates a cold supersonic flow by an isentropic expansion, is the best adapted method for this kind of study under such conditions. However, the technique is limited by two main constraints : the large consumption of gas and the large pumping capacity necessary to obtain very low temperatures. The first part of this thesis presents an example of the possibilities of the CRESU technique – kinetic studies of the reaction between the CN radical and several hydrocarbons (1,3-butadiène, butyne, propane and propene) over a temperature range of 23 to 300 K. The majority of the reactions studied are rapid, with rate constants greater than 10-10 cm3 molécule-1 s-1, even at low temperature. Implications of these results for both low temperature reactivity and the modeling of Titan’s atmosphere are discussed. Finally, the second part of this manuscript describes the development, design and performance of a new invention, based on an evolution of the CRESU technique toward a pulsed mode. This new apparatus, called an “Aerodynamic Chopper”, allows us to avoid some of the CRESU technique’s disadvantages, reducing strongly the necessary pumping capacity. Results obtained with the prototype demonstrate the great potential of this new apparatus by characterizing the pulsed flow and studying chemical kinetics at 22 K (CN+O2 et CN+C3H8). The Aerodynamic Chopper will enable us to study costly or difficult to synthesize compounds and broaden the use of uniform supersonic flow techniques by making possible their development in laboratories with limited pumping capacity. From these results, it is reasonable to predict that the Aerodynamic Chopper will enable us, in the immediate future, to reach temperatures below 10 K, and eventually even to approach sub-Kelvin temperatures
Trinh, Dao. "Développement de la technique microscopie électrochimique à balayage en mode courant alternatif : mécanismes et cinétiques réactionnels." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066599.
Full textZrelli, Kais. "Modulation de température en système réactif : application à la titration sélective sous contrôle cinétique et à la détermination de mécanismes réactionnels." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066650.
Full textWe developed a powerful analytical protocol to detect and quantify a given reactive target in a mixture. The selectivity of the species identification relies on the dynamics of interaction between the target and a probe, revealed by thermal modulation. The chemical system that we chose in our work is a pair of complementary oligonucleotides whose temporal response to thermal modulation was followed by epifluorescence microscopy. Temperature modulation which was generated by Joule effect in a microfluidic device led to provide the rate constants involved in the hybridization reaction. The quadrature delayed signal originating from a model reactive mixture submitted to a periodic thermal excitation was subsequently used to titrate a targetted strand of DNA in a mixture of oligonucleotides with a good accurancy. This method is reliable to detect single nucleotide polymorphism. We aditionally introduce a protocol for analysing reactions mechanisms also based on temperature modulation. We were able to determine the mechanisms of hybridization and extract the kinetics and thermodynamic constants
Jimenez, Elizondo Nadiarid. "Impact des opérations thermiques agroalimentaires à hautes températures sur la dégradation des anthocyanes : caractérisation et modélisation des cinétiques réactionnelles." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NSAM0035/document.
Full textGiven the importance of natural pigments in foods and their sensitivity to heat treatment, degradation kinetics of anthocyanins have been studied at very high temperatures (100 to 180 ºC). For a reliable experimental database that dissociates heat and mass transfer, a hermetic mini-reactor was used for the treatment of a model matrix (blackberry juice and sand) by varying the temperature and activity water (0.20
Sinela, André Mundombe. "Etude des mécanismes réactionnels et des cinétiques de dégradation des anthocyanes dans un extrait d’Hibiscus sabdariffa L." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NSAM0036/document.
Full textDried calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. are traditionally used in Africa for beverage production by maceration in water. This raw material, rich in anthocyanins, is also known in the food industry as a source of natural dyes. However, the color of extracts obtained quickly changes over time which affects the development of these products. To better characterize and understand the instability of color, this work provides a mechanistic and kinetic study of the degradation of anthocyanins during the conservation of an extract from H. sabdariffa. Biochemical characterization of the extract allowed to identify predominant polyphenols (delphinidin 3-O-sambubioside Del-3Sb, cyanidin 3-O-sambubioside Cya-3Sb and caffeoylquinic acids) and highlighted the presence of metals known as potential oxidation catalysts (Fe, Cu, Mn). Kinetics of degradation of anthocyanins in the extract were followed by HPLC-DAD between 4 and 37 ° C for 60 days. It can be represented by a first order model. Del-3Sb (Ea = 90 kJ mol-1) is more sensitive to temperature increase than Cya-3Sb (Ea = 80 kJ.mol-1). Influence of different factors on the degradation of anthocyanins was studied in simplified model media. Rate constant of degradation (k) of Del-3Sb on model media containing Fe (III), Cu (II) and Mn (II) at similar concentrations to those of the extract was similar to that measured in the extract. For Cya-3Sb it was 40% lower than in the extract. Increasing Fe concentration of 1 to 13 mg.L 1 increased by about 3-fold the k of anthocyanins. Adding chlorogenic acid in a model media containing Fe increased k of Cya-3Sb 42%. Opposite effect was observed for Del-3Sb (47% decrease). Dissolved oxygen content has no influence on k of anthocyanins. Two mechanisms of degradation of anthocyanins have been identified: the scission mechanism, representing a minority pathway (10% of degraded anthocyanins) with production of phloroglucinaldehyde, gallic acid (from Del-3Sb) and protocatechuic (from Cya -3Sb). The other mechanism is condensation with formation of brown polymers, it is promoted by increasing of concentration of Fe was and mixture of Fe, Cu and Mn. Conclusions led to perspectives on study of impact of other compound in the extract (sugar, amino-acids) as well as identification and quantification of brown polymers
Pu, Junjie. "Modélisation cinétique de l'hydroconversion catalytique de la lignine pour la production d'aromatiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1216/document.
Full textNowadays, due to the fossil fuels depletion and environmental concerns, transformation of lignocellulosic biomass is becoming a great challenge in order to provide biofuels and biochemicals in a near future. Lignin, which accounts for nearly 30 wt% of lignocellulosic biomass, is the most relevant and abundant bio-resource to produce aromatic compounds because of its original polymeric structure composed by phenylpropane units with ether linkages. In this context, the use of lignin as a precursor of aromatic compounds attracts lots of attention thanks to its low cost and high availability in pulp industry or bio-refinery. In the literature, it appears that an interesting thermochemical method for obtaining high yields of liquid products was the catalytic hydroconversion of lignin. The aim of this work was to investigate the reaction scheme of the catalytic process and develop a kinetic model for catalytic lignin hydroconversion over a sulfided CoMoS/Al2O3. In the first part of this work, kinetic measurements were carried out in a H-donor solvent (tetralin) at 350 °C and 80 bar using a semi-continuous batch reactor, which is opened for gas phase with continuous supply of H2 and equipped with a condensing reflux followed by cooled traps. The recovered products were isolated in four fractions: gases (methane, carbon dioxide, light hydrocarbons, etc.), organic liquid (phenols, aromatics, naphthenes, etc.), THF-soluble and THF-insoluble residues. Thanks to several appropriate analytical tools (GPC, NMR, GCXGC, etc.), the evolution of these different fractions as a function of reaction time was followed in order to understand the transformations occurring during the conversion. Accordingly, a lumped reaction network was established based on the observed reaction schemes. The second part of this work was dedicated to the development of a parameterized kinetic model allowing to have a mathematical description for each reaction step involved in the lignin hydroconversion. Firstly, physical phenomena involved (the gas hydrodynamic behavior of our set-up, the vapor-liquid equilibrium of mixtures and the liquid-gas mass transfer) were characterized. Subsequently, a complete reactor model was constructed by coupling the suitable chemical kinetics and these physical characterizations. Taking the gathered experimental data as a basis, reliable kinetic parameters (rate constants and stoichiometric coefficients) for each reaction step were obtained by means of non-linear regression technique. The resulting model allows us to have an in-depth understanding of the lignin conversion process
Dussol, Damien. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation cinétique de la transformation d’éthanol en butadiène." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1221/document.
Full textButadiene is a molecule of industrial interest that can be produced by the so-called Ostromislensky process, with ethanol as raw material. This study aims to develop a kinetic model to explain the transformation of an ethanol/acetaldehyde mixture into butadiene, as part of the second step of this process. The kinetic model is based on a reaction scheme and a reactor model. The proposed scheme includes the commonly accepted Gorin Jones pathway and a new pathway involving a butenone intermediate. The key steps were specifically studied via dedicated experiments. The scheme describes also steps leading to by products. It was validated from an experimental database, generated upstream of the study on a gas / solid type unit, fixed bed, isobaric (3 bara) and isothermal, with a Ta2O5 SiO2 catalyst. The influence of the operating conditions on the effluent was observed for three ethanol/acetaldehyde ratios and over ranges of PPH (1.1 to 8.1 g·gcata 1·h-1) and temperatures (320 to 370 °C). The reactor (plug flow without diffusional limitations) integrating kinetic laws of order, was modeled in the permanent state via a solver LSODE. Kinetic parameters were estimated via a Levenberg Marquardt optimizer from the experimental database. The kinetic model obtained, based on a brand new reaction scheme, is able to represent and predict the flow rates of the main compounds and the trends and orders of magnitude of the flow rates of the minority compounds according to the effects of PPH, charge and temperature, except under certain isolated operating conditions
Ammar, Mohamed Yessin. "Mise en oeuvre de réseaux de neurones pour la modélisation de cinétiques réactionnelles en vue de la transposition batch/continu." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7675/1/ammar.pdf.
Full textMazet, Nathalie. "Etude de la transformation et des transferts de chaleur en milieu réactionnel solide-gaz : modélisations et identifications." Perpignan, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PERP0055.
Full textRoki, Fatima-Zahra. "Étude de la cinétique et de la thermodynamique des systèmes réactionnels (X-I-O-H) par spectrométrie de masse haute température." Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0001.
Full textHigh temperature mass spectrometry is used for analysis of vapors coming from iodine reaction with fission products in case of a severe nuclear accident in a pressurized water reactor. Two main ways are used, - (i) thermodynamic analysis of vaporization processes of CsOH, CsI and mixtures CsI-CsOH. - (ii) building a dedicated reactor for kinetic analysis of the recombination of atoms into these stables molecular species. The present study confirms the existence of Cs2IOH(g) molecule. Vapor pressures of gaseous molecules CsOH(g), Cs2O2H2(g) and Cs2IOH(g) have been determined. Molecular parameters of the mixed molecule have been estimated on the basis of the pure dimmers Cs2O2H2(g) and Cs2I2(g) and its enthalpy of formation are established. The acquisition of kinetic data needs a new reactor, the conception of which is presented in this work as well as qualification tests: thermal, flow regimes and pressure calibration tests
Neveux, Laure. "Étude de la cinétique et du mécanisme de sulfuration de ZnO par H2S." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00785650.
Full textVergne, Sonia. "Mécanismes de réduction des oxydes d'azote sur catalyseurs zéolithiques CuMFI et PtNaEMT." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2314.
Full textDarny, Thibault. "Etude de la production des espèces réactives de l’oxygène et de l’azote par décharge Plasma Gun à pression atmosphérique pour des applications biomédicales." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2086/document.
Full textOver the past ten years, the cold atmospheric pressure plasma jets (CAPPJ) became useful devices for biomedical applications. Their relatively simple design and use, combine with their ability to produce reactive species (NO, OH, O, …), led to a rapid research growth in this field. A lot of studies have been devoted to quantitative diagnostics development for the reactive species production measurements in the plasma plume. However, it is difficult to compare one jet with another because of the huge variety of discharge geometries, electric power supplies or operating conditions. This thesis deals with the study of the CAPPJ developed in GREMI, the Plasma Gun (helium feeded, microsecond voltage pulse). We have studied discharge mechanisms which strongly impact the reactive species production in near target biomedical application conditions. This study is divided in three parts : the study of helium flow modifications induced by the plasma (strioscopy visualization); the study of plasma propagation inside dielectric capillary (experimental and numerical study of fast plasma propagation dynamic and electric field evolution for helium-nitrogen mixtures); the study of conductive target-plasma interaction (space and time resolved measurements inside the capillary and the plasma plume of helium metastable production, correlated with electric field evolution). The conductive target contact concerns any in vivo biomedical treatments. CAPPJ in front of such a conductive target leads to fundamentally different discharge mechanisms compare to the free jet case
Hassissene, Samia. "Analyse de la cinétique de la réaction de cémentation électrochimique de l'argent sur le cuivre en milieu NO3- prenant en compte l'évolution des aires réactionnelles." Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0082.
Full textCinelli, Milton José. "Cinétiques réactionnelles de radicaux carbonés en décharge et post-décharge microonde ; applications à la cémentation d'aciers et au dépôt de couches carbone dur." Limoges, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIMO0058.
Full textLeon-Cruz, Angel. "Le bioréacteur à membranes : étude de cinétiques réactionnelles en anoxie et identification des paramètres de contrôle du procédé. Application au traitement des eaux." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20152.
Full textChédotal, Romain. "Modélisation du catalyseur quatre-voies." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066025.
Full textThe goal of this work was to model the 4-way catalyst which specificity is to simultaneously eliminate these four pollutants. The modeling of this system could be carried out due to a bibliographical study and also thanks to a thorough experimental study on a synthetic gases bench. These tests highlighted the dominant impact of NO2 in this system not only for Nox storage but also for soot oxydation. The formation of NO2 was thus a strong point of this study. A better conversion of NO2 improves NOx storage, with also a higher storage rate. Several limiting parameters for NO2 formation could be identified: kinetics at low temperature, thermodynamics at higher temperature and also reductors. Regarding soot, NO2 has a promoting role for soot oxidation This reaction also compete with NOx storage, which results in a NOx storage rate decrease but it only slightly influences the storage capacity of the catalyst. Soot also influence the other pollutants conversion rates. The consumed oxygen and the obstruction of the catalytic sites access also slow down the conversion of CO and HC. These different observations were taken into account to elaborate the 4-ways catalyst model. The reaction mechanism and the kinetic model derived from this experimental study made it possible to obtain conclusive simulation results. Simulations of temperature programmed oxidation tests gave good results. Those of NOx storage were conclusive at high temperature. But at low temperature, the catalyst behaviour is more difficult to reproduce. The particle filter part and regeneration of soot still have to be integrated into the model
Pénicaud, Caroline. "Etude et modélisation du couplage entre le transfert d’oxygène et les réactions d’oxydation dans les aliments au cours de leur conservation." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20197.
Full textDissolved oxygen in food can react with lipids, proteins, sugars, vitamins, flavour compounds, leading to a decrease in nutritional and organoleptic qualities of food during processing and storage. The objective of this study is thus to initiate and develop an approach allowing study and modelling of the impact of oxygen on oxidation kinetics in food. Ascorbic acid was chosen as target compound. First, an assay method on microplates, fast and accurate, was developed and statistically validated. Then, our model coupling diffusive (oxygen and ascorbic acid diffusivities) and reactional (partial orders of reaction and kinetics constant rates) parameters was build on the basis of conservation equations on each compound (ascorbic acid and oxygen). Characterisation of diffusive and reactional parameters was thus necessary. A method to measure oxygen diffusivity was developed using luminescence quenching sensors placed within the product. Oxygen content could be monitored in liquid, solid, aqueous and lipidic food products, exposed to increasing surrounding oxygen. A kinetics law for ascorbic acid oxidation was established in liquid medium under conditions which prevented reactants transfer phenomena. Ascorbic acid diffusivity was also identified on agar gel. Coupling model fully characterised allowed predicting evolution of local ascorbic acid and oxygen contents in gel submitted to different surrounding oxygen contents going from 0% (simulating anaerobic conditions) to 21% (simulating ambient air). This model can also predict global ascorbic acid content in product with time. This work built necessary basis to elaborate a model which could further be the central element of a numerical tool for decision making aid to rationally design strategies to protect interest compounds in food
Le, Tan Ngoc Linh. "Mesure d’intermédiaires réactionnels (HO2, H2O2, CH2O) par CRDS lors de la combustion du n-butane et de l’éther di-méthylique et simulations cinétiques." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2027.
Full textMeasuring the formation of HO2 and H2O2 from the oxidation of fuels is challenging but extremely important for determining their tendency to follow chain-termination pathways from R+O2 compared to chain-branching leading to the production of OH radicals. Furthermore, such data are vital for improving existing detailed chemical kinetics models. In order to meet these requirements, a new experimental setup has been developed in our laboratory: a jet-stirred reactor coupled with the cw-CRDS, which allows analyzing online combustion products. Thanks to this new system, for the first time, HO2 was measured directly during the oxidation of n-butane and dimethylether in a jet-stirred reactor. The sampling is always in vacuum and the species were detected at near infrared. All of our experiments were carried out at atmospheric pressure and in the range of temperature between 500 K to 900 K. The combustion products measured were CH2O, H2O2, HO2, C2H4, and H2O. Our experimental results were used to test published kinetic models that were analyzed by performing sensitivity and reaction paths analyzes
Chiavazza, Véronique. "Étude des mécanismes réactionnels mis en jeu à la surface des poudres d'alliages d'aluminium au cours du dégazage." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845283.
Full textBraganti, Jean-Philippe. "Synthèse d'alliages amorphes AI-Ni-Zr par broyage mécanique : étude de la cinétique de cristallisation par calorimétrie : analyse du chemin réactionnel par diffraction des rayons X." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10124.
Full textHamdi, El Najjar Nasma. "Cinétiques et mécanismes d'oxydation de composés pharmaceutiques par le chlore, l'ozone et les radicaux hydroxyle." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2264/document.
Full textRecently, the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment has been reported as an emerging environmental issue. Actually, numerous pharmaceuticals have been detected in surface waters. Chlorination, ozonation and oxidation by hydroxyl radicals are widely used in water treatment due to their disinfectant and oxidation properties. However, these oxidationprocesses can induce refractory transformation products. In this context, the objective of this work was to study the fate of three commonly used pharmaceuticals (metronidazole, paracetamol and levofloxacin) during oxidation with chlorine, ozone and hydroxyl radicals. First, a kinetic study was conducted at pH 7.2 and 20°C and rate constants were determined. For each pharmaceutical, different rates of degradation were observed depending on oxidation process. To better assess pharmaceutical removal under water treatment conditions, an estimation of pharmaceutical removal under several oxidation conditions (i.e.oxidant concentrations, contact time, water quality) was undertaken. In a second part, numerous transformation products were identified by LC/MS and LC/MS/MS and reactional pathways were suggested. Finally, monitoring of the toxicity (luminescence inhibition of Vibrio fisheri) were performed and compared to the formation of by-products. An increase in toxicity was observed for each oxidation process and pharmaceutical tested for the smallest oxidant doses
Bizot, Patrice. "Vers un système expert de conception de mécanismes réactionnels complexes en phase gazeuse : application à la pyrolyse et à l'oxydation de composés organiques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL102N.
Full textComuce, Maguy. "Caractérisation expérimentale et détermination des paramètres cinétiques de la décomposition thermique du polyméthracrylate de méthyle." Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ESMA0020.
Full textThe achieved work is part of the project "Compfeu" of the National Research Agency, which aims to provide models for simulating of the thermal decomposition of the main materials of the housing environment in case of fire. The present study aims to develop a pyrolysis model of the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Our working approach is innovative in the international community, because it relies on a multi-scale approach, taking into account the evolution of the thermal, physical and chemical properties during the decomposition of the material. Our work was to know the physicochemical properties of our material. The study of the thermal decomposition of the PMMA under inert and oxidizing atmospheres was performed on the scale of the particle by means of differential scanning calorimetry, through thermogravimetric analysis coupled with various analytical devices for different heating rates. The thermal decomposition of PMMA was completed by a study on the scale of the material using the cone calorimeter, coupled with an analytical chain. The study, on the scale of the particle, has allowed us to propose a mechanism of thermal decomposition of PMMA in an inert atmosphere and under oxidizing atmosphere. The rate of each reaction mechanism is described by the Arrhenius law. The determination of these kinetics parameters and stoichiometric coefficient was performed by the optimization method of genetic algorithms
Noël, Ludovic. "Contribution à la modélisation de la combustion homogène (HCCI) des moteurs Diesel par réduction des mécanismes réactionnels et interaction chimie-turbulence." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066065.
Full textChatre, Lucas. "Étude et modélisation des phénomènes de transport et réactionnels dans un four à vis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB034.
Full textScrew conveyors are widely used in the chemical industry. Thanks to their mixing and transport capacity, they are used for a variety of applications (conveying, drying, pyrolysis, etc.). This technology is also used in the reprocessing of nuclear materials, in particular to stabilise plutonium oxalates into oxides. Numerous studies have been carried out on a laboratory scale to establish precisely the reaction mechanisms using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the physico-chemical properties of the species involved. The reactions involved are thermal decomposition of coupled carbon chains in a heterogeneous phase (solid/gas reactions). In a screw kiln reactor, heat, mass and momentum transfer phenomena can significantly modify the apparent reaction rate and consequently the progress of the calcination. The aim of this work is to improve a phenomenological simulation tool, enabling the transposition to larger scales the results of studies carried out in TGA on small quantities of powder assumed to be uniform in composition and temperature at all times. This work is carried out in uranium, used as a simulant for plutonium.The simulation tool is based on a compartment model, linked to the hydrodynamics of the powders in the reactor. Thus, a major part of the thesis focuses on the flow at the global and local scales. With regard to global mixing, the overflow point, which characterises the change in hydrodynamic regime, has been identified. The Residence Time Distribution (RTD) was also measured. Dimensionless models were developed to predict both the overflow point and the shape of the RTD. Concerning the local mixing, two experimental studies were carried out, using an optical system and image processing tools. The first one looked at the renewal of the surface of the powder bed, while the second one at the renewal of the particles within the screw-tube clearance. These hydrodynamic studies will allow a better understanding and a modeling of gas/solid and solid/wall interactions respectively. Dimensionless models have been developed to predict these characteristic parameters. Finally, the powder flow was studied in detail by modelling the rheology using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). First, the flow model and its parameters were calibrated using experimental measurements obtained in a rotating drum, a device with a simpler geometry and where the powder dynamics are similar to those observed in a screw conveyor. This model was then successfully compared with the experimental measurements carried out on the pilot-scale models. In the end, the model was able to provide information on data that is difficult to access experimentally within a screw conveyor, such as the thickness of the active layer or the flow velocities within the powder.TGA coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC) studies were carried out to obtain robust kinetic and thermochemical data on the calcination of uranium oxalate in an oxidising and inert atmosphere, as well as on the conversion of UO2 to U3O8. Finally, the TGA signals obtained experimentally were modeled to validate the kinetic parameters.The screw kiln reactor simulation tool has been improved with a better representation of the phenomena taking place during the calcination of uranium oxalate in such apparatus. These improvements give access to the different temperature and concentration profiles of all the species in different predefined zones. The simulation tool is capable of predicting experimental data measured on the pilot screw kiln reactor
Sautel, Magali. "Influence du mode de préparation de molybdates de nickel sur vitesse d'oxydation du propane." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843146.
Full textBondet, Vincent. "Oxydation de l'acide linoléique initiée par le système fer (II) / acide ascorbique en milieu dispersé : Mécanismes réactionnels et modes d'action de quelques antioxydants phénoliques." Compiègne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999COMP1187.
Full textThe antioxidant behaviour of phenolic compounds depends on several factors with the structure of the medium playing a major part. The inhibition effects of 17 phenolic compounds on the oxidation of linoleic acid dispersed in an aqueous phase were studied. Conjugated dienes typically formed during the fust step of oxidation, and volatile compounds coming frOID the decomposition ofhydroperoxides, were monitored simultaneously in this study. The iron-ascorbate system was used as oxidation initiator and the experimental conditions were first adjusted. Mechanisms involving various active species were studied and appropriate concentration levels were chosen to achieve a simple and exploitable response. Ln that dispersed medium, a series of reactions and migrations of active species took place. The quick first step which was induced by the iron-ascorbate system was generated at the interface and gave way to a propagation step which took place in much deeper layers and which was characterised by a steady - rate for several hours. A relation between the efficiency of the studied antioxidants against the production of volatile compounds which are typical of rancidity and their ability to inhibit the formation of dienes was demonstrated. The relation between high antioxidant effect and apolarity has been established as in the 'polar paradox' firstly described by PORTER. This phenomena is explained by the concentration of non-polar compounds at the interface of the micelles. For similar polarities, antioxidant effect seemed to increase with the number of phenolic functions or groups able to chelate iron ions. To study the antiradical effect separately, the reduction of DPPH radical by three different antioxidants (BHT, eugenol and isoeugenol) in methanol was the method of choice. Bach molecule showed its own antiradical kinetics, reaction time, stoichiometry and reaction orders. Reactional mechanisms were proposed for each case