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Journal articles on the topic 'Cinnamomum spp'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

D., Sierra-Puente, Abadi-Alfie S., Arakanchi-Altaled K., Bogard-Brondo M., García-Lascurain M., and Gutiérrez-Salmeán G. "Cinammon (Cinnamomum Spp.) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research 18, no. 3 (August 20, 2019): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.18:247-255.

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Spices such as cinnamon (Cinnamomum Spp.) have been of interest due to their phytochemical composition that exert hypoglycemic effects with potential for management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We summarize data from 27 manuscripts that include, one book chapter, 3 review articles, 10 randomized controlled trials, 4 systematic reviews with meta-analysis, and 9 preclinical studies. The most frequently used cinnamon variety was Cinnamomum cassia rather than the Cinnamomum zeylanicum, whereas outcomes were defined as fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and oral glucose tolerance test. A great variability in methodology such as different doses (from 120 mg to 6 g), duration of intervention, data retrieved and use of different concomitant medication, were found to be key aspects of most of trials and systematic reviews with meta-analysis available to date. Low quality studies have been made in most cases with a lot of heterogeneity clouding significance of results. More research needs to be done in order to yield accurate evidence for evidence-based recommendations. Its use is not currently a reliable nor advisable option for the treatment of T2DM.
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2

Quinet, Alexandre, and Regina Helena Potsch Andreata. "Lauraceae Jussieu na Reserva Ecológica de Macaé de Cima, Município de Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil." Rodriguésia 53, no. 82 (January 2002): 59–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-78602002538204.

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RESUMO Este trabalho apresenta o estudo taxonômico das espécies de Lauraceae na Reserva Ecológica de Macaé de Cima, localizada no Município de Nova Friburgo, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A vegetação da Reserva é do tipo Floresta Pluvial Atlântica Montana com altitudes entre 880 a 1.720 m. Com base nas coleções botânicas depositadas em vários herbários, especialmente nas do Instituto de Pesquisas do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, e em trabalho de campo, foram reconhecidas para a região 32 espécies subordinadas a nove gêneros: Aniba (1 sp.), Beilschmiedia (2 spp.), Cinnamomum (2 spp.), Cryptocarya (2 spp.), Endlicheria (1sp.), Nectandra (3 spp.), Ocotea (18 spp.), Persea (2 spp.) e Rhodostemonodaphne (1 sp.). O tratamento da família compreende descrições morfológicas das espécies, comentários e ilustrações. São fornecidos, também, dados sobre a distribuição geográfica, habitat, época de floração e frutificação, utilidade, além de uma chave analítica para a identificação dos gêneros e espécies ocorrentes na área. Revalidaram-se os binômios Ocotea domatiata Mez, O. pulchra Vattimo-Gil e O. teleiandra (Meisn.) Mez. Ampliou-se a distribuição geográfica conhecida de Cinnamomum glaziovii (Mez) Kosterm. e Ocotea urbaniana Mez. Descreveu-se pela primeira vez o fruto de O. domatiata Mez e de Cinnamomum glaziovii (Mez) Kosterm.
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3

Andrade-Hoyos, Petra, Hilda Victoria Silva-Rojas, and Omar Romero-Arenas. "Endophytic Trichoderma Species Isolated from Persea americana and Cinnamomum verum Roots Reduce Symptoms Caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi in Avocado." Plants 9, no. 9 (September 17, 2020): 1220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9091220.

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Avocado root rot caused by the oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi is a severe disease that affects avocado production in Mexico and worldwide. The use of biological control agents such as Trichoderma species isolated from places where the disease is always present, represents an efficient alternative to reduce losses. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the biocontrol ability of 10 endophytic Trichoderma spp. strains against P. cinnamomi tested both in vitro and in the greenhouse. The endophytic Trichoderma spp. were recovered from Persea americana and Cinnamomum verum roots, isolated and purified on potato–dextrose–agar medium. Ten strains were identified by phylogenetic reconstruction of the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA sequences as T. asperellum (T-AS1, T-AS2, T-AS6, and T-AS7), T. harzianum (T-H3, T-H4, and T-H5), T. hamatum (T-A12), T. koningiopsis (T-K8 and T-K11), and P. cinnamomi (CPO-PCU). In vitro dual-culture assay, the percentage of inhibition of radial growth (PIRG) between Trichoderma spp. and P. cinnamomi strains was measured according to the Bell’s scale. PIRG results indicated that T-AS2 reached the highest value of 78.32%, and T-H5 reached the lowest value of 38.66%. In the greenhouse, the infection was evaluated according to the percentage of disease incidence. Plants with the lowest incidence of dead by avocado root rot were those whose seedlings were inoculated with T-AS2 and T-AS7, resulting in only 5% death by root rot caused by P. cinnamomi. The disease incidence of seedlings with wilt symptoms and death decreased more than 50% in the presence of Trichoderma spp. Relying on the results, we conclude that T. asperellum and T. harzianum contribute to the biocontrol of soil-borne pathogenic oomycete P. cinnamomi.
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4

Tisnadjaja, Djadjat, Herman Irawan, Nurlaili Ekawati, Bustanussalam Bustanussalam, and Partomuan Simanjuntak. "Potency of Cinnamomum burmannii as Antioxidant and α Glucosidase Inhibitor and Their Relation to Trans-Cinamaldehyde and Coumarin Contents." Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33096/jffi.v7i3.639.

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Cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp) is one of important export commodity for Indonesia. With annual production capacity about 103.594 tons, Indonesia is one of main cinnamon’s exporter especially to United States. Recently the utilization of cinnamon is developed, where not only use as spices but also use in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The development of cinnamon’s use of course might lead to the market growth.. But on the other side arise an issue about coumarin content, where Cinnamomum burmannii issued to have higher content of this hepatotoxic compound than Cinnamomum verum or Cinnamomum zeylanicum. This research result showed that, although coumarin content of Indonesian Cinnamomum burmannii is higher than Cinnamomum zeylanicum but the difference is not too significant. C. burmannii collected from Gunung. Mas, West Java has coumarin content of 0.0030 % which is slightly higher than C. zeylanicum (0.0017 %). This research result also shown that antioxidant activity and α glucosidase inhibition activity is related to polyphenol and flavonoid content.
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5

Novita, Bernadette Dian, and Silvia Sutandhio. "The Effect of Cinnamomum burmannii Water Extraction Against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans: In Vitro Study." Folia Medica Indonesiana 55, no. 4 (January 13, 2020): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v55i4.17325.

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Indonesian cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) is a native plant of Indonesia that has a lot of potential. The most consumed part is the bark. This study aims to examine the antimicrobial effect of Cinnamomum burmannii bark extract on various types of pathogenic microbes, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. An experimental study using a water extract (infusion) of Cinnamomum burmannii bark and a microbial test obtained from the Faculty of Pharmacy, Widya Mandala Catholic University, Surabaya. The antimicrobial effect test was carried out by the microdilution method in 96-well-microplate to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Level (MIC) and implantation on solid media to determine the Minimum Kill Rate (KBM). The MIC and KBM against Staphylococcus aureus were 625-1,250 ppm and 1,250-2,500 ppm, respectively. MIC and KBM for Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans were not found at the highest concentrations tested at 10,000 ppm. Cinnamomum burmannii extract can be used as a potential ingredient with antimicrobial effects, especially against Gram-positive bacteria. Future studies should pay attention to the quality of simplicia, particle size, and the most effective extraction methods extracting antimicrobial substances from simplicia.
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Novita, Bernadette Dian, and Silvia Sutandhio. "The Effect of Cinnamomum burmannii Water Extraction Against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans: In Vitro Study." Folia Medica Indonesiana 55, no. 4 (January 14, 2021): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v55i4.24449.

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Indonesian cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) is a native plant of Indonesia that has a lot of potential. The most consumed part is the bark. This study aims to examine the antimicrobial effect of Cinnamomum burmannii bark extract on various types of pathogenic microbes, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. An experimental study using a water extract (infusion) of Cinnamomum burmannii bark and a microbial test obtained from the Faculty of Pharmacy, Widya Mandala Catholic University, Surabaya. The antimicrobial effect test was carried out by the microdilution method in 96-well-microplate to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Level (MIC) and implantation on solid media to determine the Minimum Kill Rate (KBM). The MIC and KBM against Staphylococcus aureus were 625-1,250 ppm and 1,250-2,500 ppm, respectively. MIC and KBM for Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans were not found at the highest concentrations tested at 10,000 ppm. Cinnamomum burmannii extract can be used as a potential ingredient with antimicrobial effects, especially against Gram-positive bacteria. Future studies should pay attention to the quality of simplicia, particle size, and the most effective extraction methods extracting antimicrobial substances from simplicia
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7

Yanakiev, Spartak. "Effects of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp.) in Dentistry: A Review." Molecules 25, no. 18 (September 12, 2020): 4184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184184.

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Dental medicine is one of the fields of medicine where the most common pathologies are of bacterial and fungal origins. This review is mainly focused on the antimicrobial effects of cinnamon essential oil (EO), cinnamon extracts, and pure compounds against different oral pathogens and the oral biofilm and the possible effects on soft mouth tissue. Basic information is provided about cinnamon, as is a review of its antimicrobial properties against the most common microorganisms causing dental caries, endodontic and periodontal lesions, and candidiasis. Cinnamon EO, cinnamon extracts, and pure compounds show significant antimicrobial activities against oral pathogens and could be beneficial in caries and periodontal disease prevention, endodontics, and candidiasis treatment.
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8

Giannerini, Ana Carolina, Alexandre Quinet, and Regina Helena Potsch Andreata. "Lauraceae in Itatiaia National Park, Brazil." Rodriguésia 66, no. 3 (September 2015): 863–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566314.

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ResumoO trabalho apresenta um estudo taxonômico das espécies de Lauraceae no Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Município de Itatiaia, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. São apresentadas 19 espécies subordinadas a 11 gêneros: Aiouea(1 sp.), Aniba (1 sp.), Beilschmiedia (1 sp.),Cinnamomum (1 sp.), Cryptocarya (2 spp.),Endlicheria (1 sp.), Licaria (2 spp.),Nectandra (5 spp.), Persea (3 spp.),Phyllostemonodaphne (1sp.),Rhodostemonodaphne (1 sp.). O estudo consta de chave de identificação, descrições, dados das fenofases, distribuição geográfica, comentários e ilustrações.
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9

Abe, Hisashi, Yohei Kurata, Ken Watanabe, Atsuko Ishikawa, Shuichi Noshiro, Tomoyuki Fujii, Mitsuharu Iwasa, Hiroaki Kaneko, and Hiroshi Wada. "The separation of softwood and hardwood in historical wooden statues of the Nazenji-temple in Japan using NIR spectroscopy." IAWA Journal 41, no. 4 (September 15, 2020): 740–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10038.

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Abstract The applicability of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to the identification of wood species of archaeologically/historically valuable wooden artifacts in a non-invasive manner was investigated using reference wood samples from the xylarium of the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (TWTw) and applied to several wooden statues carved about 1000 years ago. Diffuse-reflectance NIR spectra were obtained from five standard wood samples each of five softwood species (Chamaecyparis obtusa, Cryptomeria japonica, Sciadopitys verticillata, Thujopsis dolabrata, Torreya nucifera) and five hardwood species (Aesculus turbinata, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Cinnamomum camphora, Prunus jamasakura, Zelkova serrata). A principal component analysis (PCA) model was developed from the second derivative spectra. The score plot of the first two components clearly showed separation of the wood sample data into softwood and hardwood clusters. The developed PCA model was applied to 370 spectra collected from 21 wooden statues preserved in the Nazenji-temple in Shizuoka Prefecture in Japan, including 14 made from Torreya spp. and 7 made from Cinnamomum spp. In the score plot, the statue spectra were also divided into two clusters, corresponding to either softwood (Torreya spp.) or hardwood (Cinnnamomum spp.) species. These results show that NIR spectroscopy combined with PCA is a powerful technique for determining whether archaeologically/historically valuable wooden artifacts are made of softwood or hardwood.
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10

SWETHA, Valya Parambil, Viswanath Alambath PARVATHY, Thotten Elampillay SHEEJA, and Bhaskaran SASIKUMAR. "Isolation and amplification of genomic DNA from barks of Cinnamomum spp." TURKISH JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY 38 (2014): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/biy-1308-5.

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11

Kačániová, Miroslava, Margarita Terentjeva, Jana Štefániková, Jana Žiarovská, Tatsiana Savitskaya, Dmitrij Grinshpan, Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski, Nenad Vukovic, and Eva Tvrdá. "Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Essential Oils against Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Human Semen." Antibiotics 9, no. 11 (October 31, 2020): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9110765.

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Staphylococcus spp. is not only a commensal bacteria but also a major human pathogen that causes a wide range of clinical infections. Recent evidence suggests that Staphylococcus has the ability to colonize the reproductive system and to affect its structure and functions. The objective of this study was to determine the chemical properties and antibacterial effects of select essential oils (EOs): Amyris balsamifera L., Boswellia carterii Birdw., Canarium luzonicum (Blume) A. Gray, Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl., Cinnamomum camphora var. linaloolifera Y. Fuita, Citrus x aurantium L., Gaultheria procumbens L., Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers., Melaleuca ericifolia Smith., Melaleuca leucadendra L., Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth., Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck, Santalum album L., and Vetiveria zizanoides (L.) Roberty against 50 Staphylococcus spp. cultures isolated from human semen, specifically Staphylococcus aureus, S. capiti, S. epidermidis, S. haemoliticus, and S. hominis. The disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods were used to assess the antimicrobial potential and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the selected EOs. The best anti-Staphylococcus activities were found with both methods for the essential oils of C. luzonicum (Blume) A. Gray, A. balsamifera, C. camphora, and P. cabli.
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12

Klūga, Alīna, Margarita Terentjeva, Nenad L. Vukovic, and Miroslava Kačániová. "Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils against Pathogenic Microorganisms of Freshwater Fish." Plants 10, no. 7 (June 22, 2021): 1265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071265.

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Antimicrobials are widely applied in aquaculture for treatment of infectious diseases in fish. The increased antimicrobial resistance of fish pathogens to conventional antimicrobial treatment highlights the need for research on the antibacterial properties of natural products—in this case, essential oils (EOs). The aim of the present study was to detect the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils on pathogenic microorganisms found in freshwater fish. Freshwater fish isolates of Aerococcus spp., Aeromonas spp., Enterococcus spp., Escherichia spp., Pseudomonas spp., Shewanella spp., Yersinia spp., and Vagococcus spp. were tested for antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial activity against 14 commercially available essential oils. Antimicrobial resistance was identified in Pseudomonas spp. isolates against cefepime and ciprofloxacin; while all Aeromonas, Enterococcus, and Yersinia isolates were fully susceptible. All tested EOs revealed antimicrobial activity against the tested freshwater fish isolates at different extents. Cinnamomum camphora exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against Aeromonas spp. (3.12 μL/mL), Enterococcus spp. (0.78–1.56 μL/mL), and Pseudomonas spp. with the MIC method. EOs of Gaultheria procumbens and Litsea cubeba showed strong antibacterial activity against Yersinia spp. and Vacococcus spp. (6.25 μL/mL). The study shows the antimicrobial activity of EOs against the most relevant freshwater fish pathogens and indicates the application opportunities in aquaculture.
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Uddin, Md Aftab, Khondakar Wahid Hasan, and Jubaida Binta Jamal. "Detection of microbial proliferation & assessment of antibacterial activity of spices collected from various locations of Dhaka city, Bangladesh." Stamford Journal of Microbiology 7, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v7i1.40064.

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The current study was aimed to detect the presence of contaminating microorganisms in some commonly available spices collected from different areas of Dhaka city, Bangladesh and also to assess their antibacterial activity. Out of eight samples under this study, total viable bacterial count (TVBC) was observed within the range of 106 to 107cfu/g. Among the specific bacterial isolates Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Escherichia coli were found in almost all the samples within the margin of 102 to 106 cfu/g. Alarmingly Salmonella spp. and Vibrio spp. were presumptively identified in one and two samples respectively. Besides every sample showed the presence of fungus with load up to 103 cfu/g. Antibacterial activity of these samples was tested against seven laboratory isolates. Syzygium aromaticum showed highest activity against as many as five bacterial isolates while Cinnamomum verum was active against four isolates. On the other contrary, both Zingiber officinale and Laurus nobilis demonstrated their antibacterial activity only against Staphylococcus spp. and Klebsiella spp. respectively. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.7(1) 2017: 10-13
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14

Kojoma, Mareshige, Kogo Kurihara, Kazuya Yamada, Setsuko Sekita, Motoyoshi Satake, and Osamu Iida. "Genetic Identification of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp.) Based on the trnL-trnF Chloroplast DNA." Planta Medica 68, no. 1 (January 2002): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-20051.

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Trofimov, Dimitrij, and Jens G. Rohwer. "Towards a phylogenetic classification of the Ocotea complex (Lauraceae): an analysis with emphasis on the Old World taxa and description of the new genus Kuloa." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 192, no. 3 (January 3, 2020): 510–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boz088.

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Abstract Ocotea is one of the largest genera in the Lauraceae (c. 400 spp.), and it has been known to be paraphyletic with respect to most other genera of the New World Lauraceae for almost 20 years. In the traditional circumscription, Ocotea contains not only Neotropical species, but also about 45 species from the African region, including Macaronesia, Madagascar, and the Comoro and Mascarene Islands. Only a few of the species have been included in previous molecular systematic analyses. Here we present a phylogenetic analysis, based on ITS and psbA-trnH sequences of 168 Lauraceae species, including 151 taxa from the Ocotea complex, among them 26 of the 45 Palaeotropical species currently placed in Ocotea. Our results show that the Old World species belong to two well-supported and morphologically distinguishable clades, one of which is placed unresolved among the Neotropical clades of the Ocotea complex, whereas the other is sister to Cinnamomum section Cinnamomum. The two clades can also be differentiated based morphologically. As a step towards a phylogenetic classification, we recognize the second group as the new genus Kuloa.
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16

Hashish, M., A. Khattaby, M. Khattab, R. Omar, and I. Gaaboub. "Effect of Arak (Salvadora persica) and Cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp.) Extracts on Foulbrood Bacteria In vitro." Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology 7, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2016.50274.

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17

Kačániová, Miroslava, Lucia Galovičová, Veronika Valková, Eva Tvrdá, Margarita Terentjeva, Jana Žiarovská, Simona Kunová, et al. "Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Cinnamomum cassia essential oil and its application in food preservation." Open Chemistry 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 214–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2021-0191.

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Abstract This study was designed to investigate chemical and antioxidant properties, as well as the antimicrobial and antibiofilm behaviour of Cinnamomum cassia essential oil (CCEO). MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper mass spectrometry was applied to evaluate the biofilms of Stenotrophonomonas maltophilia and Bacillus subtilis, while the antibiofilm ability of CCEO was assessed on wooden and glass surfaces. The antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method, microdilution method, and vapour phase for two biofilm-producing bacteria and three Penicillium spp. were used. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties were assessed using the agar microdilution protocol. The vapour phase of Penicillium citrinum, P. crustosum, P. expansum, S. maltophilia, and B. subtilis on bread, carrot, potato, sweet potato, and apple in situ was studied. Specific molecular variations related to the biofilm formation and genetic analogies were evaluated with MSP spectra dendrograms of S. maltophilia and B. subtilis profiles were grown on different days. The results of disc diffusion and broth diffusion methods showed that CCEO was strongly effective against all tested microorganisms and the vapour phase method was effective and active against all Penicillium spp., but not strongly effective against bacteria in food preservation of food matrices.
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Patrícia Coletto, Elizete, Nilvane G. Müller, and Silvia Scherer Wolski. "DIAGNÓSTICO DA ARBORIZAÇÃO DAS VIAS PÚBLICAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE SETE DE SETEMBRO - RS." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Arborização Urbana 3, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/revsbau.v3i2.66353.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi diagnosticar a arborização das vias públicas do Município de Sete de Setembro, RS. Adicionalmente, o trabalho se propõe a identificar problemas e apontar sugestões que contribuam para a definição futura de diretrizes de planejamento da arborização. A metodologia empregada consistiu, basicamente, no levantamento de todos os indivíduos vegetais existentes nas vias públicas do município. Para tanto, foram percorridas todas as ruas da cidade, preenchendo-se uma planilha de levantamento com informações referente às ruas, aos passeios e mais detalhadamente sobre cada exemplar vegetal. A coleta de dados compreendeu o período de dezembro de 2005 a fevereiro de 2006, verificando-se a ocorrência de 773 indivíduos, pertencentes a 24 famílias e 60 espécies. As espécies encontradas com maior freqüência foram Thuja plicata (Tuia), Bauhinia variegata (Pata-de-vaca), Murraya paniculata (Falsa murta), Lagerstroemia indica (Extremosa), Ligustrum spp (Ligustro), Cinnamomum spp (Canelinha), representando 70% da arborização do município.
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Doh, Eui Jeong, Jung-Hoon Kim, Seung eun Oh, and Guemsan Lee. "Identification and monitoring of Korean medicines derived from Cinnamomum spp. by using ITS and DNA marker." Genes & Genomics 39, no. 1 (October 20, 2016): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13258-016-0476-5.

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20

Souza, Sára Maria Chalfoun de, Marcelo Cláudio Pereira, Caroline Lima Angélico, and Carlos José Pimenta. "Avaliação de óleos essenciais de condimentos sobre o desenvolvimento micelial de fungos associados a produtos de panificação." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 28, no. 3 (June 2004): 685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542004000300027.

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Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito "in vitro" de óleos essenciais dos condimentos alho (Allium sativum L.), canela (Cinnamomum burnannil Meissn), cravo-da-índia (Caryophillus aromaticus L.) e tomilho (Thymus vulgaris L.), que foram adicionados aos meios de cultura (BDA E CYA20S). Os óleos foram extraídos pela técnica de arraste a vapor e testados nas concentrações de 500; 1000; 1500 e 2000 mg/mL, exceto o cravo, que foi testado nas concentrações de 200; 400; 600 e 800 mg/mL. Como culturas-teste, foram utilizados os fungos Rhizopus sp.; Penicillium spp.; Eurotium repens e Aspergillus niger, isolados de pães envelhecidos. O óleo essencial da canela inibiu completamente o desenvolvimento dos fungos testados. Os óleos de tomilho e alho tiveram o mesmo efeito nas concentrações mais altas. O cravo inibiu o desenvolvimento dos fungos Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus sp. e Eurotium repens com a concentração de 600 mg/mL e do fungo Penicillium spp. com a de 800 mg/mL.
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Ooi, Linda S. M., Yaolan Li, Sheung-Lau Kam, Hua Wang, Elaine Y. L. Wong, and Vincent E. C. Ooi. "Antimicrobial Activities of Cinnamon Oil and Cinnamaldehyde from the Chinese Medicinal HerbCinnamomum cassiaBlume." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 34, no. 03 (January 2006): 511–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x06004041.

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Both Cinnamomum verum J.S. Presl. and Cinnamomum cassia Blume are collectively called Cortex Cinnamonmi for their medicinal cinnamon bark. Cinnamomum verum is more popular elsewhere in the world, whereas C. cassia is a well known traditional Chinese medicine. An analysis of hydro-distilled Chinese cinnamon oil and pure cinnamaldehyde by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed that cinnamaldehyde is the major component comprising 85% in the essential oil and the purity of cinnamaldehyde in use is high (> 98%). Both oil and pure cinnamaldehyde of C. cassia were equally effective in inhibiting the growth of various isolates of bacteria including Gram-positive (1 isolate, Staphylococcus aureus), and Gram-negative (7 isolates, E. coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Samonella typhymurium), and fungi including yeasts (four species of Candida, C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, and C. krusei), filamentous molds (4 isolates, three Aspergillus spp. and one Fusarium sp.) and dermatophytes (three isolates, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagraphytes). Their minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) as determined by agar dilution method varied only slightly. The MICs of both oil and cinnamaldehyde for bacteria ranged from 75 μg/ml to 600 μg/ml, for yeasts from 100 μg/ml to 450 μg/ml, for filamentous fungi from 75 μg/ml to 150 μg/ml, and for dermatophytes from 18.8 μg/ml to 37.5 μg/ml. The antimicrobial effectiveness of C. cassia oil and its major constituent is comparable and almost equivalent, which suggests that the broad-spectrum antibiotic activities of C. cassia oil are due to cinnamaldehyde. The relationship between structure and function of the main components of cinnamon oil is also discussed.
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Scotti, Raffaella, Annarita Stringaro, Laura Nicolini, Miriam Zanellato, Priscilla Boccia, Filippo Maggi, and Roberta Gabbianelli. "Effects of Essential Oils from Cymbopogon spp. and Cinnamomum verum on Biofilm and Virulence Properties of Escherichia coli O157:H7." Antibiotics 10, no. 2 (January 25, 2021): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10020113.

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Every year, the pharmaceutical and food industries produce over 1000 tons of essential oils (EOs) exploitable in different fields as the development of eco-friendly and safe antimicrobial inhibitors. In this work we investigated the potential of some EOs, namely Cinnamomum verum, Cymbopogon martini, Cymbopogoncitratus and Cymbopogon flexuosus, on the growth, biofilm formation and gene expression in four strains of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. All EOs were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antimicrobial activity was performed by using dilutions of EOs ranging from 0.001 to 1.2% (v/v). Subinhibitory doses were used for biofilm inhibition assay. The expression profiles were obtained by RT-PCR. E. coli O157:H7 virulence was evaluated in vivo in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. All EOs showed minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.0075 to 0.3% (v/v). Cinnamomum verum bark EO had the best activity (MIC of 0.0075% (v/v) in all strains) while the C. verum leaf EO had an intermediate efficacy with MIC of 0.175% (v/v) in almost all strains. The Cymbopogon spp. showed the more variable MICs (ranging from 0.075 to 0.3% (v/v)) depending on the strain used. Transcriptional analysis showed that C. martini EO repressed several genes involved in biofilm formation, virulence, zinc homeostasis and encoding some membrane proteins. All EOs affected zinc homeostasis, reducing ykgM and zinT expression, and reduced the ability of E. coli O157:H7 to infect the nematode C. elegans. In conclusion, we demonstrated that these EOs, affecting E. coli O157:H7 infectivity, have a great potential to be used against infections caused by microorganisms.
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Subedi, Mukti Ram, and Yajna Prasad Timilsina. "Distribution Pattern of Cinnamomum tamala in Annapurna Conservation Area, Kaski, Nepal." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 15, no. 2 (February 15, 2015): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v15i2.12110.

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To assess the ecological process and to find the factors responsible for pattern formation, analysis of spatial pattern of the species is of paramount importance. With a view to analyze the distribution pattern of the Cinnamomum tamala spp., this study utilized the data obtained from the phyto-sociological survey of natural vegetation carried out in Mijure Danda Village Development Committee during June and July of 2009. Nested quadrats of 10m×10m, 5m×5m, and 1m×1m were used to collect the data from tree, sapling, and seedling, respectively. Dispersion indices: variance to mean ratio (I), index of Morisita (Iä), coefficient of Green (Cx), and the k exponent of negative binomial distribution were used to identify the distribution pattern of the species. Test of significance of I, and Iäprovided the information on rejection of null hypothesis: C. tamala does not follow the random distribution. The K exponent of negative binomial distribution suggests moderate contiguous pattern, which is in line with the previous studies of vegetation elsewhere. Since this study used the cross-sectional data, monitoring of species at different temporal and spatial scale focused around various level of sampling, and accumulation of significant data on other physical elements is prescribed for future study to fill the gap of information about this species.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/njst.v15i2.12110Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 15, No.2 (2014) 29-36
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Guimarães, Rafaela, Catarina Milho, Ângela Liberal, Jani Silva, Carmélia Fonseca, Ana Barbosa, Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira, Maria José Alves, and Lillian Barros. "Antibiofilm Potential of Medicinal Plants against Candida spp. Oral Biofilms: A Review." Antibiotics 10, no. 9 (September 21, 2021): 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10091142.

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The use of natural products to promote health is as old as human civilization. In recent years, the perception of natural products derived from plants as abundant sources of biologically active compounds has driven their exploitation towards the search for new chemical products that can lead to further pharmaceutical formulations. Candida fungi, being opportunistic pathogens, increase their virulence by acquiring resistance to conventional antimicrobials, triggering diseases, especially in immunosuppressed hosts. They are also pointed to as the main pathogens responsible for most fungal infections of the oral cavity. This increased resistance to conventional synthetic antimicrobials has driven the search for new molecules present in plant extracts, which have been widely explored as alternative agents in the prevention and treatment of infections. This review aims to provide a critical view and scope of the in vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of several medicinal plants, revealing species with inhibition/reduction effects on the biofilm formed by Candida spp. in the oral cavity. The most promising plant extracts in fighting oral biofilm, given their high capacity to reduce it to low concentrations were the essential oils extracted from Allium sativum L., Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume. and Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf.
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Mariappan, Prabha Manju, Gokulshankar Sabesan, Babu Koilpillai, Sudha Janakiraman, and Navin Kumar Sharma. "Chemical characterisation and antifungal activity of methanolic extract of Cinnamomum verum J. Presl bark against Malassezia spp." Pharmacognosy Journal 5, no. 5 (September 2013): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phcgj.2013.09.001.

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Oramahi, H. A., Farah Diba, and Rizka Diah Permana. "Optimasi Produksi Asap Cair Dari Kayu Medang (Cinnamomum sp.) Menggunakan Metode Permukaan Respon." EnviroScienteae 16, no. 1 (August 18, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v16i1.8998.

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In this work medang wood (Cinnamomum spp.) was pyrolyzed to produces wood vinegar. The effect of several parameters including the wood particle size, pyrolysis temperature, and pyrolysis time on the pyrolysis efficiency was tested to identify the optimal wood vinegar production conditions. The efficient response surface methodology (RSM) with the Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used for modeling and optimization of the process parameters. RSM used three variable designs namely particle size of wood of 2.38, 3.36, and 4.76 mm, respectively, pyrolysis temperature of 370, 400 and 430°C, respectively, and pyrolysis times 90, 120 and 150 minutes, respectively, with the total of 15 experimental runs. The responses of the BBD fitted with a second-order polynomial equation, illustrating the wood vinegar yield was Y = 15.20 + 0.31 X1 + 5.00 X2 + 0.48 X3 – 1.84 X12 – 1.18 X22 + 0.63 X1.X2 + 0.35 X1.X3 + 0.31 X2.X3 – 0.27 X3.X3. The optimal conditions found to be at the particle size of wood, pyrolysis temperature, and pyrolysis time were 4.76 mm, 475 °C, 195 minutes, respectively, and yield of wood vinegar was 22.90%.
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Božik, Matěj, Pavel Nový, and Pavel Klouček. "Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Cinnamon, Thyme, Oregano and Clove Essential Oils Against Plant Pathogenic Bacteria." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 65, no. 4 (2017): 1129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201765041129.

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Essential oils are volatile substances from plants and many of them have antimicrobial activity. For that reason, they have become known as a useful alternative to chemical preservatives and pesticides. In this study, we tested essential oils of four aromatic plants. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), oregano (Origanum vulgare) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) essential oils were investigated for their composition and antimicrobial effect against plant pathogenic bacteria (Pectobacterium spp. and Pseudomonas spp.). Both are commonly associated with diseased fruit trees in orchards and gardens. The chemical composition of the tested essential oils was identified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The cinnamon essential oil was most effective form tested oil. The experimental results indicated that the wild strains of tested bacteria are more resistant to essential oils than commonly used laboratory strains. In conclusion, certain essential oils could be used for the control of postharvest bacterial pathogens. The findings of the present study suggest that the essential oils have a potential to be used as antimicrobial agents.
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Thapa, Bishnu, Anjana Singh, and Reshma Tuladhar. "In vitro Antibacterial Effect of Medicinal Plants Against Multidrug Resistant Gram Negative Bacteria." Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology 5 (September 26, 2018): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tujm.v5i0.22298.

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Objectives: The aim of this work was to determine the antibacterial activity of methanol extract of herbal plants against the Multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram negative bacteria isolated from clinical samples. Methods: Gram negative bacteria isolated from various clinical samples were processed for antibiotic susceptibility test by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and MDR bacteria were selected. Methanol extracts of six different medicinal plants Acorus calamus (bojho), Ocimum sanctum (tulsi), Azadirachta indica (neem), Cinnamomum tamala (tejpatta), Aloe vera and Zanthoxylum alatum (timur), were tested for antibacterial activity against the selected MDR bacteria by agar well diffusion method. Results: From clinical samples, 8 different MDR Gram negative bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter spp., Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas spp. with E. coli dominated the number. Out of six medicinal plants extracts, Z. alatum, C. tamala and Ocimum sanctum were found to be effective with zones of inhibition ranging from 9-13 mm. The medicinal plants with antibacterial activity can be an alternative source of medicine against MDR Gram negative bacteria. Conclusion: Several herbal plants extracts exhibit antibacterial activity against MDR Gram negative bacteria. Antibacterial activity of plant extracts can vary with type of plant and extraction methods. Thus, for optimal benefit of plant extract, an appropriate extraction method and use of purified product is essential.
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Volcão, Lisiane Martins, Juliana de Lima Marques, Lucas Moreira dos Santos, Suzane Olachea Allend, Kamila da Cunha Furtado, Rosana Serpa, and Gladis Aver Ribeiro. "Antibacterial Potential of Essential Oils Against Ground Beef Isolates." Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional 24, no. 2 (December 14, 2017): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/san.v24i2.8650280.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of different EOs against Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and coagulase-positive staphylococcus isolated from ground beef. The EOs had values varying from 0.78μl/mL to 100μl/mL, and the essential oil of Citrus lemon did not present any bacterial activity against the studied strains. For E. coli, the essential oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicum presented the best inhibitory activity (MIC = 0.78μl/mL to 1.56μl/mL). In Salmonella spp., the EOs of Cymbopogon citratus (MIC = 12.5μl/mL and 25.0μl/mL), C. zeylanicum (MIC = 25.0 µL/mL) and Ocimum basilicum (MIC = 6.25μl/mL, 12.5μl/mL and 50.0μl/mL) exhibited similar results. The EOs of C. zeylanicum and Eugenia caryophyllata demonstrated the lowest average values of study against coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (MIC = 3.12μl/mL, 6.25μl/mL and 12.5μl/mL). With the data obtained in the study, it can be observed the potential of EOs in the control of pathogenic food microorganisms, as well as validate future researches on the proprieties and active compounds of these products, besides the toxicity of these compounds and the possible alterations that can be caused on the food.
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Manandhar, Sarita, Shisir Luitel, and Raj Kumar Dahal. "In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Some Medicinal Plants against Human Pathogenic Bacteria." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019 (April 2, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1895340.

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The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance, as well as the evolution of new strains of disease causing agents, are of great concern to the global health community. Effective treatment of a disease entails the development of new pharmaceuticals or some potential source of novel drugs. Commonly used medicinal plants of our community could be an excellent source of drugs to fight off this problem. This study is focused on exploring the antimicrobial properties of the plants that are commonly being used as traditional medicines. The antimicrobial potential of four different plant extracts was screened against twelve pathogenic microorganisms and two reference bacterial strains. Methanolic extracts of Oxalis corniculata, Artemisia vulgaris, Cinnamomum tamala, and Ageratina adenophora were subjected to a test of their antimicrobial properties by agar well diffusion method. The result indicated that most of the extracts exhibited antimicrobial properties. The highest potential was observed in the extract of O. corniculata against Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, MDR Salmonella Typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Citrobacter koseri with zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 17 mm, 13 mm, 16 mm, 11 mm, and 12 mm, respectively. Oxalis corniculata also showed the highest MIC against test organisms. The methanolic extract of Artemisia vulgaris, Cinnamomum tamala, and Ageratina adenophora showed efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus. Ageratina adenophora also showed antifungal activity against Rhizopus spp. The experiment confirmed the efficacy of some selected plant extracts as natural antimicrobials and suggested the possibility of employing them in drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by the test organisms.
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Samoussa, Milan Oba, Abderrazak Abdellaoui, Anass Kettani, Rachid Saile, and Houda Bennani. "Étude de la Sensibilité Aux Huiles Essentielles de Cinnamomum Verum, Eucalyptus Globulus, et Glycyrrhiza Glabra L Ainsi qu’aux Antibiotiques de Certains Germes Issus de la Restauration Collective." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 3 (January 31, 2018): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n3p584.

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Food safety is still a very important topic of interest. The use of medicinal plants extracts can be an efficient alternative for fighting food-borne infections in the face of the increase of resistance to antibiotics. We have studied the sensitivity of bacterial strains isolated from food outlets using commonly used antibiotics (Amoxicillin, Vancomycin, Ceftriaxone, Teicoplanin, Rifampicin and Amikacin). This was done using an antibiogram. We have also tested their sensitivity against essential oils extracted from medicinal plants (Cinnamomum verum, Eucalyptus globulus, and Glycyrrhiza glabra L) using aromatogram. This study was conducted using 27 bacterial strains, including 9 Escherichia coli strains, 9 Staphylococcus aureus strains, 9 Salmonella spp. strains, and 3 ATCC strains (E. coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 et Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028). Results revealed that two plant extracts has a substantial antibacterial activity with zones of inhibition ranging from 10 to 25 mm, and it reached 35 mm when using a cocktail of plant extracts. Regarding the antibiotics we used, all strains of Salmonella spp. demonstrated a resistance to amoxicillin and to ceftriaxone. The tested strains of E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus had a partial resistance to the tested antibiotics, which confirms the results of previous studies.
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Bahurmiz, Osan, Rosma Ahmad, Noryati Ismail, Frederick Adzitey, and Shaida-Fariza Sulaiman. "Antimicrobial Activity of Various Plant Extracts on Pseudomonas Species Associated with Spoilage of Chilled Fish." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 4, no. 11 (November 19, 2016): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v4i11.1017-1023.668.

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The antimicrobial activity of various plant extracts on Pseudomonas bacteria isolated from spoiled chilled tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) was evaluated in this study. In the first stage of this study, red tilapia was subjected to chilled storage (4°C) for 3 weeks, and spoilage bacteria were isolated and identified from the spoiled fish. Pseudomonas was the dominant bacteria isolated from the spoiled fish and further identification revealed that P. putida, P. fluorescens and Pseudomonas spp. were the main species of this group. In the second stage, methanolic extracts of 15 selected plant species were screened for their antimicrobial activity, by agar disc diffusion method, against the Pseudomonas isolates. Results indicated that most of the extracts had different degrees of activity against the bacterial isolates. The strongest activity was exhibited by bottlebrush flower (Callistemon viminalis) extract. This was followed by extracts from guava bark (Psidium guajava) and henna leaf (Lawsonia inermis). Moderate antimicrobial activities were observed in extracts of clove (Syzygium aromaticum), leaf and peel of tamarind (Tamarindus indica), cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), wild betel leaf (Piper sarmentosum) and fresh thyme (Thymus spp.). Weak or no antimicrobial activity was observed from the remaining extracts. The potential antimicrobial activity shown by some plant extracts in this study could significantly contribute to the fish preservation.
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Hashish, Mohamed Elsayied, Ahmed Mahmoud Khattaby, Metwally Mostafa Khattab, Ibrahim Abdallah Gaaboub, and Reda Elsayied Omar. "An in vitro evaluation of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp.) and Siwak (Salvadora persica) extracts for controlling the foulbrood pathogens of honeybee." African Journal of Microbiology Research 10, no. 35 (September 21, 2016): 1483–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2016.8025.

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ANTOLAK, HUBERT, AGATA CZYZOWSKA, and DOROTA KREGIEL. "Antibacterial and Antiadhesive Activities of Extracts from Edible Plants against Soft Drink Spoilage by Asaia spp." Journal of Food Protection 80, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-134.

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ABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial and antiadhesive activities of ethanol extracts from five edible plant parts: cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), licorice root (Glycyrrhiza radix), nettle leaves (Urtica dioica), green tea leaves (Camellia sinensis), and elderberry flowers (Sambucus nigra). The chemical constituents of the extracts were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography plus mass spectrometry. Six strains of Asaia lannensis and Asaia bogorensis bacteria isolated from spoiled commercial fruit-flavored noncarbonated mineral water were used. Bacterial adhesion to polystyrene as an attachment substrate in culture media supplemented with 10% plant extract was evaluated using luminometric measurement of the ATP extracted from adhered cells. The viability of the adhered and planktonic cells was assessed using the plate count method, and the relative adhesion coefficient was calculated. All tested crude extracts contained flavonols (kaempferol, quercetin, and their derivatives), flavanols (catechin and derivatives), flavanones (glabrol, licorice glycoside A, and liquiritin), and phenolic acids (gallic, quinic, chlorogenic, neochlorogenic, caffeic, coumaric, and ferulic). The culture medium with 10% elderberry extract provided the least favorable environment for all tested bacterial strains. Extracts from green tea, cinnamon, and licorice also had significant inhibitory effects on the adhesion of the tested bacterial strains. This research suggests that the addition of selected edible plant extracts could improve the microbial stability of noncarbonated soft drinks.
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Larasati, Yonika Arum, and Edy Meiyanto. "Revealing the Potency of Cinnamon as an Anti-cancer and Chemopreventive Agent." Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention 9, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14499/indonesianjcanchemoprev9iss1pp47-62.

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Cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp.), an ancient spice, has been explored as a potential for medicinal purposes. Despite numerous studies about its potency in overcoming of numerous diseases, the potency as anti-cancer would be a challenge. This current article provides a review of the anti-cancer and chemoprevention potency of cinnamon and its major constituents: cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, 2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde, 2-methoxycinnamaldehyde, and eugenol. Comprehensively, cinnamon and its constituents exhibit the anti-cancer and cancer prevention activities through various mechanisms: (1) anti-proliferation, (2) induction of cell death, (3) anti-angiogenesis, (4) anti-metastasis, (5) suppression of tumor-promoted inflammation, (6) immunomodulation, and (7) modulation of redox homeostasis; both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, cinnamon also shows the synergistic anti-cancer effect with well-known anti-cancer drugs, such as doxorubicin, which support its potency to be used as a combination chemotherapeutic (co-chemotherapeutic) agent. However, further study should be established to determine the exact target molecule(s) of cinnamon in the cancer cells.Keywords: cinnamon, spice, cancer, anti-cancer, chemopreventive
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Ebani, Valentina Virginia, Fabrizio Bertelloni, Basma Najar, Simona Nardoni, Luisa Pistelli, and Francesca Mancianti. "Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils against Staphylococcus and Malassezia Strains Isolated from Canine Dermatitis." Microorganisms 8, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8020252.

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Staphylococcus spp. bacteria are the most frequently involved agents in canine cutaneous infections. Treatment of these infections is based on antibiotic therapy, that often is not effective because of the antibiotic-resistance of the bacterial strains. Cutaneous staphylococcal infections are often complicated by Malassezia yeasts, that may be resistant to the conventional antifungal drugs. The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of some essential oils (EOs) in view of a potential cutaneous application. In detail, EOs obtained from lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla L’Hèr. Britton), cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum J. Presl), myrrh (Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl. var. molmol), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf), litsea (Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), savory (Satureja montana L.), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) were assayed against Staphylococcus spp. and Malassezia pachydermatis strains previously isolated from dogs with dermatitis. All EOs were tested by agar disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration methods to verify the antistaphylococcal activity, and by a microdilution method to evaluate the activity against M. pachydermatis. O. vulgare, T. vulgaris, and S. montana showed the best antibacterial activity against all the selected strains, with MICs ranging from 0.29 to 0.58 mg/mL, from 0.58 to 1.16 mg/mL, and from 0.56 to 1.12 mg/mL, respectively, whereas A. triphylla (1.03 mg/mL) and S. montana (1.8 mg/mL) were the most active against M. pachydermatis. After a proper in vivo evaluation, O. vulgare, T. vulgaris, and S. montana EOs could be a promising treatment to combat canine cutaneous mixed infections.
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Wang, Ya-Yun, Yu-Hsin Hsieh, K. J. Senthil Kumar, Han-Wen Hsieh, Chin-Chung Lin, and Sheng-Yang Wang. "The Regulatory Effects of a Formulation of Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kaneh and Taiwanofungus camphoratus on Metabolic Syndrome and the Gut Microbiome." Plants 9, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9030383.

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The number of people with metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing year by year, and MetS is associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. The demand for health supplements to treat or prevent MetS is also growing. Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kaneh (CO) and Taiwanofungus camphoratus (TC) are endemic to Taiwan. Both have been shown to improve the symptoms of MetS, such as dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. Herein, we investigated the effect of CO, TC and their formulations on diet-induced obese mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks to induce MetS. After that, the mice were fed with HFD supplemented with CO, TC, and various CO/TC formulations, respectively, for 14 weeks. The changes in physiological parameters and the composition of the gut microbiome were investigated. The results indicated that CO, TC, and their formulations effectively reduced hyperglycemia, and tended to alleviate MetS in obese mice. Moreover, we also observed that CO, TC, and their formulations improved gut microbiota dysbiosis by decreasing the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio and increasing the abundance of Akkermansia spp. Our results revealed that CO and TC might have potential for use as a prebiotic dietary supplement to ameliorate obesity-related metabolic disorders and gut dysbiosis.
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Rooney-Latham, S., E. Honeycutt, J. Ochoa, N. J. Grünwald, and C. L. Blomquist. "First Report of Camphor Tree (Cinnamomum camphora) as a Host of Phytophthora ramorum." Plant Disease 97, no. 10 (October 2013): 1377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-13-0096-pdn.

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Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae) is an evergreen shade tree grown in many parts of the United States, including California. From 2007 to 2011, an arborist working in a residential neighborhood in Mill Valley (Marin Co.) noticed several camphor trees with branch dieback and decline. Affected trees had patchy, irregular cankers on the branches and shoot blight. Cankers were black and most had horizontal fissures. Cankers were most abundant in the inside and lower portions of the canopies. In 2011, samples sent to Bartlett Tree Laboratory tested positive for Phytophthora sp. using the Agdia ELISA Phytophthora kit (Agdia, Elkhart, IN). In February 2009 and April 2011, camphor leaf samples were collected by Sacramento Co. inspectors during an annual nursery inspection for Phytophthora ramorum and submitted to CDFA. The normally bright green leaves were reddish with small necrotic spots surrounded by green halos. Camphor samples from Marin Co. were also collected and sent to CDFA in September 2011. An organism with coralloid coenocytic hyphae, chlamydospores, and ellipsoidal semi-papillate sporangia grew on CMA-PARP (4) from both Marin and Sacramento Co. samples. Morphologically, it matched the description of P. ramorum (3). rDNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the Marin (GenBank KC473521) and Sacramento (KC473522) isolates, amplified using primers ITS1 and ITS4 (4), were 100% identical to P. ramorum by a BLAST query (AY038058). Microsatellite loci placed the Marin isolate in the NA1 clonal lineage, while the Sacramento isolate belonged to the NA2 lineage (2). Pathogenicity of both isolates was tested on 5 trees grown in 18.93-liter pots. Three leaves on each tree were inoculated with 6-mm agar plugs taken from the margin of 7-day-old cultures grown on V8 juice agar (V8). Leaves were wounded with a sterile pushpin and two colonized plugs of each isolate were covered with a freezer tube cap filled with sterile dH2O and attached to the leaves with a pin-curl clip (4). Three branches of the same plants were wounded and inoculated with a 3-mm colonized agar plug for each isolate and secured with Parafilm. An equal number of leaves and stems were treated with uncolonized V8 plugs as controls. Plants were sprayed with dH2O, covered in large plastic bags, and placed in a growth chamber at 18°C. After 4 days, the bags, caps, and plugs were removed from the leaves. Black lesions were seen 7 days after inoculation on most leaves and 10 to 14 days on inoculated branches. After 32 days, P. ramorum was isolated from leaf lesions and canker margins onto CMA-PARP. No Phytophthora spp. grew from the controls. The experiment was repeated once with similar results. Overall, leaf and stem lesions were larger with the NA2 lineage isolate than the NA1 lineage isolate, which is consistent with previous research (1). Leaf abscission was seen in 30% of the leaves inoculated with the NA2 lineage isolate but none of the NA1 or control leaves. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. ramorum on camphor in nursery and landscape settings. Mill Valley is known for its mild temperatures and abundant summer fog. Optimal weather conditions likely led to the spread of P. ramorum from infected neighboring forest hosts to camphor in Mill Valley, rather than from an introduction of infected nursery plants. References: (1) E. Elliott et al. For. Pathol. 41:7, 2011. (2) E. M. Goss et al. Phytopathology 101:166, 2011. (3) S. Werres et al. Mycol. Res. 105:1155, 2001. (4) L. E. Yakabe et al. Plant Dis. 93:883, 2009.
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Nardoni, Simona, Basma Najar, Baldassare Fronte, Luisa Pistelli, and Francesca Mancianti. "In Vitro Activity of Essential Oils against Saprolegnia parasitica." Molecules 24, no. 7 (April 1, 2019): 1270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071270.

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Saprolegnia spp. water molds severely impact fish health in aquaculture, fish farms and hobby fish tanks colonizing mature and immature stages of fishes, as well as eggs. Considering that there are no drugs licensed for treating and/or control the organism, efficient and environmental low-impact methods to control these oomycetes in aquaculture are needed. The aim of the present report was to evaluate the in vitro sensitivity of Saprolegnia parasitica to essential oils (EOs) from Citrus aurantium L., Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau, Citrus limon Burm. f., Citrus paradisi Macfad, Citrus sinensis Osbeck, Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume, Cymbopogon flexuosum (Nees ex Steud.) Watson, Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Illicium verum Hook.f., Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers., Origanum majorana L., Origanum vulgare L., Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér., Syzygium aromaticum Merr. & L.M.Perry, and Thymus vulgaris L., by microdilution test. The most effective EOs assayed were T. vulgaris and O. vulgare, followed by C. flexuosum, L. cubeba and C. bergamia. These EOs could be of interest for controlling Saprolegnia infections. Nevertheless, further safety studies are necessary to evaluate if these products could be dispersed in tank waters, or if their use should be limited to aquaculture supplies.
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Ahmadipour, S. H., M. Vakili, and S. Ahmadipour. "Phytotherapy for children's nocturnal enuresis." Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences 6, no. 3 (February 20, 2018): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jmbs.v6i3.4.

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In a period of childhood, one of the issues that annoys the parents is their child's nocturnal enuresis. Nocturnal enuresis is annoying not only for the family but for the children themselves. Conventional treatments for nocturnal enuresis lead to certain complications. Medicinal plants have a special status in the treatment of neonatal and pediatric diseases. In phytomedicine, certain medicinal plants and phytotherapies have been suggested to treat nocturnal enuresis. The purpose of this study is to review the most important medicinal plants for children's nocturnal enuresis. To conduct this review, we searched for relevant articles indexed in certain databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Islamic World Science Citation Center, Scientific Information Database, and Magiran and some data sites using the words nocturnal enuresis, children's urination, medicinal plants, and traditional medicine. Results have shown that Zingiber officinale, Valeriana officinalis, Alcea rosea, Elettaria cardamomum, Cinnamomum verum, Ribes uva-crispa, Cornus mas, Juglans regia, Vitis vinifera, Sinapis spp., Olea europaea, and Prunus cerasus are a number of important plants that are effective on nocturnal enuresis in traditional medicine and phytomedicine.Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences (2017) 6(3), 23 - 29
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Pozzatti, Patrícia, Liliane Alves Scheid, Tatiana Borba Spader, Margareth Linde Atayde, Janio Morais Santurio, and Sydney Hartz Alves. "In vitro activity of essential oils extracted from plants used as spices against fluconazole-resistant and fluconazole-susceptible Candida spp." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 54, no. 11 (November 2008): 950–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w08-097.

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In the present study, the antifungal activity of selected essential oils obtained from plants used as spices was evaluated against both fluconazole-resistant and fluconazole-susceptible Candida spp. The Candida species studied were Candida albicans , Candida dubliniensis , Candida tropicalis , Candida glabrata , and Candida krusei. For comparison purposes, they were arranged in groups as C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, and Candida non-albicans. The essential oils were obtained from Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breyn, Lippia graveolens HBK, Ocimum basilicum L., Origanum vulgare L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Salvia officinalis L., Thymus vulgaris L., and Zingiber officinale . The susceptibility tests were based on the M27-A2 methodology. The chemical composition of the essential oils was obtained by gas chromatography – mass spectroscopy and by retention indices. The results showed that cinnamon, Mexican oregano, oregano, thyme, and ginger essential oils have different levels of antifungal activity. Oregano and ginger essential oils were found to be the most and the least efficient, respectively. The main finding was that the susceptibilities of fluconazole-resistant C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, and Candida non-albicans to Mexican oregano, oregano, thyme, and ginger essential oils were higher than those of the fluconazole-susceptible yeasts (P < 0.05). In contrast, fluconazole-resistant C. albicans and Candida non-albicans were less susceptible to cinnamon essential oil than their fluconazole-susceptible counterparts (P < 0.05). A relationship between the yeasts’ susceptibilities and the chemical composition of the essential oils studied was apparent when these 2 parameters were compared. Finally, basil, rosemary, and sage essential oils did not show antifungal activity against Candida isolates at the tested concentrations.
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Jeon, Ye-Jin, Sang-Guei Lee, and Hoi-Seon Lee. "Acaricidal and insecticidal activities of essential oils of Cinnamomum zeylanicum barks cultivated from France and India against Dermatophagoides spp., Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Ricania sp." Applied Biological Chemistry 60, no. 3 (April 5, 2017): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13765-017-0276-x.

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43

Lang, Marie, Aude Montjarret, Emmanuel Duteil, and Gilles Bedoux. "Cinnamomum cassia and Syzygium aromaticum Essential Oils Reduce the Colonization of Salmonella Typhimurium in an In Vivo Infection Model Using Caenorhabditis elegans." Molecules 26, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 5598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185598.

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The regulation of intestinal colonization in livestock by means of non-bactericidal additives is an important management lever for zoonotic bacteria such as Salmonella spp. Caenorhabditis elegans is proposed here as a model for the evaluation of five essential oils (EOs) as anti-colonization products against Salmonella Typhimurium. An evaluation of the toxicity of EOs for C. elegans showed LD50 values ranging from 74.5 ± 9.6 µg/mL for Cinnamomum cassia (CEO) to 271.6 ± 14.9 µg/mL for Syzygium aromaticum (SyEO). Both EOs significantly inhibited bacterial colonization in the digestive tract of C. elegans with reductions of 0.88 and 0.70 log CFU/nematode at nontoxic concentrations of 50 µg/mL and 150 µg/mL, respectively. With the minimal bactericidal concentrations of CEO and SyEO against S. Typhimurium being 312.5 µg/mL and 625 µg/mL, respectively, an antibacterial effect can be excluded to explain the inhibition of the bacterial load. The anti-colonizing activity of these two EOs could, however, be related to an inhibition of the swimming motility, which was significantly reduced by 23.47% for CEO at 50 µg/mL and 19.56% for SyEO at 150 µg/mL. This study shows the potential of C. elegans as a predictive in vivo model of anti-colonizing activities that is suitable for the evaluation of essential oils.
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Leite, Keidima, Lisandro Tomas da Silva Bonome, Gabriela Silva Moura, and Gilmar Franzener. "Óleos essenciais no tratamento de sementes de Phaseolus vulgaris L. durante o armazenamento." Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável 13, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.18378/rvads.v13i2.5665.

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Os óleos essenciais apresentam metabólitos secundários com propriedades antibacteriana e antifúngica. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar a incidência de fitopatógenos e a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. BRS Esplendor, tratadas com diferentes óleos essenciais em diferentes embalagens e tempos de armazenamento. Foram avaliados os óleos essenciais de canela (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), capim-limão (Cymbopogon citratus), cravo da índia (Syzgium aromaticum), erva-cidreira (Melissa officinalis), gengibre (Zingiber officinale), laranja-doce (Citrus sinensis), hortelã-pimenta (Mentha piperita.) e limão-taiti (Citrus aurantifolia), fungicida comercial e a testemunha, embalados em kraft ou pet. Aos 0, 60, 120 e 180 dias após o armazenamento das sementes, avaliou-se o teor de água; primeira contagem da germinação; porcentagem de germinação; índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE), emergência de plântulas, matéria seca e blotter test. Aos 120 e 180 dias após o armazenamento os tratamentos com óleos essenciais de C. aurantifolia e C. zeylanicum não afetaram a porcentagem de germinação das sementes quando acondicionadas em embalagem kraft. Entre as embalagens houve diferença significativa quando as sementes foram tratadas com os óleos essenciais de C. zeylanicum; C.sinensis e M. officinalis que reduziram a incidência do fungo do gênero Aspergillus spp. Os óleos essenciais de C. zeylanicum e S. aromaticum diminuíram a incidência de Penicillium spp., ambos armazenados em pet, tendo o óleo essencial de C. zeylanicum o comportamento semelhante ao fungicida comercial. A embalagem kraft foi mais eficiente em preservar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes tratadas de Phaseolus vulgaris L. do que a embalagem pet. No tempo zero de armazenamento, os tratamentos com C. sinensis e S. aromaticum promoveram efeito negativo sobre a qualidade fisiológica das sementes comparado a testemunha. O óleo essencial de C. citratus influenciou negativamente na porcentagem de germinação das sementes em relação aos demais óleos essenciais quando armazenado em saco kraft.
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dos Santos, João Vitor Barbosa, Douglas Siqueira de Almeida Chaves, Marco André Alves de Souza, Cristiano Jorge Riger, Monique Moraes Lambert, Diefrey Ribeiro Campos, Leandra Oliveira Moreira, et al. "In vitro activity of essential oils against adult and immature stages of Ctenocephalides felis felis." Parasitology 147, no. 3 (January 6, 2020): 340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182019001641.

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AbstractEssential oils (EOs) are considered a new class of ecological products aimed at the control of insects for industrial and domestic use; however, there still is a lack of studies involving the control of fleas. Ctenocephalides felis felis, the most observed parasite in dogs and cats, is associated with several diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity, the establishment of LC50 and toxicity of EOs from Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B. L. Burtt & R. M. Sm, Cinnamomum spp., Laurus nobilis L., Mentha spicata L., Ocimum gratissimum L. and Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle against immature stages and adults of C. felis felis. Bioassay results suggest that the method of evaluation was able to perform a pre-screening of the activity of several EOs, including the discriminatory evaluation of flea stages by their LC50. Ocimum gratissimum EO was the most effective in the in vitro assays against all flea stages, presenting adulticide (LC50 = 5.85 μg cm−2), ovicidal (LC50 = 1.79 μg cm−2) and larvicidal (LC50 = 1.21 μg cm−2) mortality at low doses. It also presented an excellent profile in a toxicological eukaryotic model. These findings may support studies involving the development of non-toxic products for the control of fleas in dogs and cats.
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46

Reyam F., Saleh, and Gaidan Ayad M. "Biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Cinnamomum zeylanicum extract anda study of antibacterial effect against multi-drug resistance Gram-negativebacteria." Biomedicine 41, no. 2 (July 2, 2021): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v41i2.791.

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Introduction and Aim:Nanoparticles for some metals can be used in the treatment of diseases caused by different pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics due to the antibacterial properties of thesenanoparticles.In the current study, thesynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag) from Cinnamon zeylanicum bark extractwas investigated. Materials and Methods:One mL of cinnamon bark extract was added to 50mL of 1mM of the silver nitrate (AgNO3). After incubation time of bark extract with AgNO3at room temperature for 1-18hours, the silver nanoparticles synthesis through changed colour of the mixture to dark brown.The UV, TEM and FT-IR analysis were carried out to characterize the biosynthesized Ag-NPs, UV-Vis scan showed absorption around 435 nm while TEM showedAg-NPs spherical shape and the sizes of the and FT-IR spectrum detected the presence of different functional groups responsible for reduction and stability of Ag-NPs in an aqueous solution. Results:Biosynthesized Ag-NPs showed inhibitory effect against someGram-negative bacterial species that have complete resistance to the antibiotics P, NA, VA, E, TE. The inhibition zone of Ag-NPs wasdetermined as follows (Citrobacter freundii19mm, Klebsiella pneumonae23mm, E.coli 23mm, Enterobacter spp 20 mm, Acinetobacter baumannii20mm.Therefore, Ag-NPs can be used as alternative treatment for some antibiotics. Conclusion: The Ag-NPs can be successfully prepared form Cinnamomum bark plant. Besides their low cost, these NPs had an antibacterial effect especially against Gram negative bacteria which had a complete resistance to the most common antibiotics
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Fratini, Filippo, Margherita Giusti, Simone Mancini, Francesca Pisseri, Basma Najar, and Luisa Pistelli. "Evaluation of the in vitro antibacterial activity of some essential oils and their blends against Staphylococcus spp. isolated from episodes of sheep mastitis." Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali 32, no. 2 (May 11, 2021): 407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12210-021-00991-5.

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AbstractStaphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci are among the major causes of mastitis in sheep. The main goal of this research was to determine the in vitro antibacterial activity of several essential oils (EOs, n 30), then five of them were chosen and tested alone and in blends against staphylococci isolates. Five bacteria were isolated from episodes of ovine mastitis (two S. aureus and three S. xylosus). Biochemical and molecular methods were employed to identify the isolates and disk diffusion method was performed to determine their antimicrobial-resistance profile. The relative percentage of the main constituents in the tested essential oils and their blends was detected by GC-EIMS analysis. Antibacterial and bactericidal effectiveness of essential oils and blends were evaluated through minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). All of them showed sensitivity to the used antimicrobials. The EOs with the highest antibacterial activity were those belonging to the Lamiaceae family characterized by high concentrations of thymol, carvacrol and its precursor p-cymene, together with cinnamon EO, rich in cinnamaldehyde. In terms of both MIC and MBC values, the blend composed by Thymus capitatus EO 40%, Cinnamomum zeylanicum EO 20%, Thymus serpyllum EO 20% and Satureja montana EO 20% was found to be the most effective against all the isolates. Some essential oils appear to represent, at least in vitro, a valid tool against ovine mastitis pathogens. Some blends showed a remarkable effectiveness than the single oils, highlighting a synergistic effect in relation to the phytocomplex.
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48

Indarto, Indarto, Salima Duwi Astuti, Mahmud Rudini, and Wisnu Pambudi. "Increasing Antioxidant Activity and Organoleptic Properties of Soursop Leaf Tea (Annona muricata Linn.) by Adding Cinnamon Powder (Cinnamomum burmanni)." Biosfer: Jurnal Tadris Biologi 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/biosfer.v11i2.7285.

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Soursop leaf tea is a health drink that contains steroid compounds, terpenoids, flavonoids, kumari, tannins, and alkaloids. The flavonoids and tannins in soursop leaves act as antioxidants. Since it has an unpleasant aroma, cinnamon is added to add scent and flavor. This study aimed to determine the effect of cinnamon powder on the soursop leaf tea's antioxidant activity. This study employed the completely randomized design method (CRD) with two factors: the soursop leaves and cinnamon powder concentrations. This study consisted of four treatments, namely SP0 (100% soursop leaves), SP1 (90% soursop leaves and 10% cinnamon powder), SP2 (80% soursop leaves and 20% cinnamon powder), and SP3 (70% soursop leaves and 30% cinnamon powder) within three repetitions. The proximate test was focused on antioxidant activity analyzed by ANOVA at α = 5%. The organoleptic test covered the color, taste, aroma, and other overall preferences by qualitative descriptive tests. The results showed that the highest antioxidant (29.19%) could be found in the SP3 sample (70% soursop leaves and 30% cinnamon powder), while the preferred organoleptic test was the SP2 sample.
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Lee, Jaemin, Dong Gu Lee, Jun Yeon Park, Sungwook Chae, and Sanghyun Lee. "Analysis of the <i>trans</i>-Cinnamic Acid Content in <i>Cinnamomum spp.</i> and Commercial Cinnamon Powder Using HPLC." Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 04, no. 04 (2015): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jacen.2015.44011.

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50

Lu, Feng, and Zhu. "Estimation of Forest Biomass and Carbon Storage in China Based on Forest Resources Inventory Data." Forests 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10080650.

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Forests are important in the global carbon cycle and it is necessary to quickly and accurately measure forest volume to estimate forest aboveground biomass (AGB) and aboveground carbon storage (AGC). In this paper, we used data from the eighth forest resources inventory of China to establish two stand volume models based on stand density and forest basal area for 37 arbor forest types (dominant species); and performed a comparative analysis to obtain the best model. Then the AGB, AGB density, AGC, and AGC density of the different forest types and regions were estimated by conversion function methods. The results showed that: (1) The volume model of tree height and forest basal area could better fit the natural growth process of forests, and 36 of the 37 forest types had R2 greater than 0.8; (2) The average AGB density of arbor forest in China was 95.03 Mg ha−1 and the average AGC density was 48.15 Mg ha−1 (3) Among forest types, Picea asperata Mast., Quercus spp., and Populus spp. had the highest AGB and AGC, while Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl, Pinus taiwanensis Hayata, and Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. had the lowest. The AGB density and AGC density of Phoebe zhennan S. Lee et F. N. Wei and Pinus densata Mast. were the highest, while those of Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc., Pinus elliottii Engelmann, and Eucalyptus robusta Smith were the lowest. (4) Among regions, AGB and AGC ranging from high to low, were as follows: northwest, southwest, northeast, central south, east, and north. The northwest and southwest regions accounted for more than 70% of the country’s AGB and AGC. The average AGB density and AGC density among the regions were 91.34 Mg ha−1 and 46.4 Mg ha−1, respectively. Ranging from high to low as follows: southwest, northwest, northeast, east, central south, and north. The methods used in this paper provide a basis for fast and accurate estimation of stand volume, and the estimates of AGB and AGC have important reference value for explaining the role of ecosystems in coping with global climate change in China.
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